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Ml  NSELL,  JOEL,  an  American  printer,  was  born 
at  .Ncrthfield,  Mass.,  April  14,  1808.  He  settled  at 
Albany  m  1827,  and  published  the  Albany  Minerva  in 
28.  He  afterwards  published  various  papers,  weekly 
and  daily.  He  thoroughly  studied  the  art  of  printing, 
practically  and  historically.  A  large  part  of  his  valul 
able  collection  of  works  relating  to  the  history  of  print- 
ing was  purchased  for  the  New  York  State  Li&ary 
He  has  edited  and  published  Annals  of  (kfeST(tO 
vok,  1850-58),  and  several  other  works  o^-fcVhis- 

#857); 
(1858). 
societies 


>  -          ~        —  v/ J      *  ^  »   ^J,  IVi       V/UH^i. 

:  Chronology  of  Paper  and  Pa 

Every- Day  Rook  of  History  and  „,„„,. 

H<-   published   many  antiquarian  works 

and  individuals.     He  died  Jan.  15.  1880 


Presented  to  the 

LIBRARY  of  the 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO 

by 

3ITTA.7.IO  LEGISLATIVE   LI3PJL1Y 


^L       I 


ANNALS   OF   ALBANY. 


BY  JOEIvMUNSELL. 


VOL.  I. 


SEEN  BY 

PRESERVATION 
SERVICES 


DATE 


ALBANY; 

J.  MUNSELL,  58  STATE  STREET. 
1850. 


LA 


PEEFACE. 


This  work  was  begun  as  an  annual  publication,  in  the 
year  1849,  and  the  contents  of  this  volume  were  principally 
comprised  in  the  Albany  Annual  Register  of  the  years 
1849  and  1850.  In  this  edition  a  part  of  the  ephemeral 
articles  of  the  first  have  been  omitted,  and  historical  and 
antiquarian  matter  substituted.  The  principal  aim  of  the 
work  was  to  preserve  the  memory  of  the  time-honored 
institutions  of  the  city.  The  form  of  a  periodical  was 
adopted  for  the  convenience  of  continuing  the  publication 
from  time  to  time  as  facts  should  be  collected,  and  in  the 
hope  of  enlisting  others  to  collect  materials.  The  coopera- 
tion of  all  who  may  take  an  interest  in  such  matters  is 
still  solicited,  in  collecting  whatever  may  tend  to  throw 
light  upon  the  past,  as  well  as  to  preserve  authentic  memo- 
rials of  the  present.  Ancestral  papers,  of  an  historical, 
genealogical  or  statistical  character ;  memoirs  of  eminent 
citizens  deceased ;  historical  accounts  of  religious,  literary, 
charitable  and  benevolent  institutions ;  also  of  public  and 
private  corporations ;  maps  and  charts  of  the  city  at  dif- 
ferent periods,  or  of  portions  of  it ;  descriptions  of  antiqui- 
ties, and  rare  and  curious  relics  ;  in  short,  whatever,  con- 
nected with  the  ancient  or  modern  history  of  Albany,  shall 
tend  to  illumine  the  path  or  lighten  the  labors  of  the  future 
historian,  will  be  duly  appreciated.  These  are  the  main 


6  Preface. 

objects  of  the  work,  although  other  departments  have  been 
introduced,  in  keeping  with  the  original  plan,  which  will 
be  omitted  in  the  future  volumes.  A  synopsis  of  the  events 
of  each  year  is  given,  descending  sometimes  to  particulars 
which  may,  perhaps,  be  considered  trivial  by  some  readers. 
Undoubtedly  many  omissions  will  be  observed  of  matters 
necessary  to  give  completeness  to  the  articles  introduced ; 
we  shall  be  glad  to  receive  from  those  who  may  notice 
errors  or  omissions,  the  sum  of  their  knowledge,  for  future 
use.  Above  all,  we  crave  a  liberal  share  of  patience  at 
the  public  offices,  and  of  the  oldest  inhabitant,  to  whom  we 
are  already  indebted  for  many  favors,  and  much  valuable 
information.  We  hope  to  be  instrumental  in  arresting 
much  that  is  perishable  from  entire  oblivion,  and  out  of 
the  abundance  of  material  at  hand  propose  to  compile  a 
volume  annually. 


CONTENTS. 


Discovery  and  first  voyage  up  Hudson's  River,  1609, 9 

Names  of  settlers  in  Rensselaerswyck,  from  1630  to  1646, 15 

Sentence  of  Willem  Juriansen  Bakker, 24 

Mayors  of  Albany  from  1684  to  1849, 25 

Streets,  lanes,  alleys,  $c.,   1849, 26 

An  act  for  the  division  and  equalization  of  the  wards, 28 

Banks,  with  historical  reminiscences, 31 

Insurance  companies, 34 

Clergy,  1848, 35 

Practicing  attorneys,  1848, 36 

Practicing  Physicians,  1848, 37 

Albany  charter  officers,  1686, 37 

Officers  of  the  city  of  Albany,   1848-9, 38 

Officers  of  companies  and  societies,  1848-9, 39  45 

Custom  House, 46 

Mohawk  and  Hudson  Rail  Road, 46 

Income  and  expenditures  of  the  city,  1842  to  1848, 48 

County  officers,  1848, 49 

Alphabetical  list  of  counties,  towns  and  post-offices, 50 

Stage  and  mail  routes  in  olden  time, 56 

Principal  routes  of  travel  diverging  from  Albany, 61 

Public  offices,  buildings,  £c., . . 71  226 

Albany  Academy, 75 

Albany  Female  Academy, 80 

State  Normal  School. 84  297 

Houses  in  Albany,  1786, 85 

Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  in  Albany, 86 

Evangelical  Lutheran  Ebenezer  Church, 122 

German  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church, 129  293 

First  Presbyterian  Church, 130 

Bethel  for  Watermen, 133 

Jewish  Synagogues, 134 

Universalist  Church, 135 

Ancient  Albany, 137 

City  of  Albany, 138 

County  of  Albany, 142 

Albany  County  Penitentiary, 149 

Commission  of  John  Abeel, 152 

Lights  and  shadows  of  travelling  in  New  York  fifty  years  ago, 153 


8  Contents. 

Chronicle  of  events  in  Albany,  1847-8, 159 

Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck,  from  1614  to  1646, 183 

Kiliaen  van  Rensselaer, 203 

Executors  of  Jeremias  van  Rensselaer, 204 

Arent  van  Curler, 205 

Correctors  of  Rensselaerswyck,   1630, 206 

Business  directory,  1849, 209 

Albany  County  Bible  Society,  . , , 229 

List  of  freeholders  of  the  city  and  county  of  Albany,   1720, 231 

Dutch  church  burials,   1722  to  1757, 235 

Family  record  from  Groesbeck  Bible, 249 

Biographical  sketch  of  Gen.  Philip  Schuyler, 250 

Ancient  commerce  of  Albany, 258 

Voyage  of  an  Albany  sloop  to  China, 261 

Visit  of  Peter  Kalm  to  Albany,  1749, , ^62 

Harmanus  Bleecker, 276 

Vanderheyden  Palace, 278 

The  Wendell  House, 280 

The  Stevenson  House, 283 

State  Street  in  1792, 285 

A  Canadian  invasion, 288 

A  scene  of  the  Revolution  in  Albany, 289 

Births,  marriages  and  deaths,  1848, 295 

Civil  officers  of  the  city  of  Albany,  1693, 302 

Operation  of  the  cheap  postage  system  in  Albany,   1845, 303 

Barlow's  prediction  of  the  Erie  Canal,  1787, 304 

Description  of  Albany  in  1823,  , , . .  , 305 

Distances  of  county  towns  from  Albany, 313 

Dr.  Morse's  description  of  Albany,  1789, 314 

Albany  in  1796, 316 

Corporations  and  associations,   1849, 31 7 

An  Albany  merchant's  stock  in  1790, 322 

Hudson  River, .... 324 

Books  in  1772,  ,.,... 325 

Closing  and  opening  of  the  river  since  1785, 326 

Incidents  of  a  northern  winter. . , 328 

Opening  and  closing  of  canal,  1824  to  1849, ,..'.. 329 

Celebration  of  the  adoption  of  the  constitution,  1788, 330 

Cold  days  sixty  years  ago, 329 

Centennial  anniversary, 335 

Memoranda  of  1784-5, , , , 336 

Conditions  and  prospects  of  the  city  in  1789, 338 

A  Tobacco  establishment  of  1790, 339. 

Annals  of  Albany  for  1 849, 341 

Schedule  of  real  and  personal  estate,  1847, 367 

Bond  of  the  aldermen  of  Schenectady,  1766, 368 

Index , , , ', . .    ,  ,  3 


ANNALS  OF  ALBANY. 


DISCOVERY  AND  FIRST  VOYAGE  UP  HUDSON  RIVER. 

The  third  Voyage  of  Master  HENRY  HVDSON  toward  Noua  Zembla,  and 
at  his  returne,  his  passing  from  Farre  I  lands,  to  New-found  Land, 
and  along  to  fortie  four  degrees  and  ten  minutes,  and  thence  to  Cape 
Cod,  and  so  to  thirtie  three  degrees;  and  along  the  Coast  to  the  North- 
ward, to  fortie  two  degrees  and  an  halfe,  and  vp  the  Riuere  neere  to 
fortie  three  degrees.  Written  by  ROBERT  IVET,  of  Lime-house. 

Henry  Hudson  sailed  from  Amsterdam  on  the  20th  March,  1609,  o.  s., 
in  the  yacht  Half-Moon,  with  a  crew  of  about  twenty  Dutch  and  English 
sailors,  on  a  voyage  for  the  discovery  of  a  north-west  passage  to  India. 
He  encountered  ice  and  storms,  which  disabled  his  vessel,  and  about  the 
middle  of  July  ran  into  Penobscot  bay,  on  the  coast  of  Maine.  From 
thence  he  proceeded  along  the  coast  southerly  till  he  arrived  at  Chesapeake 
bay  about  the  middle  of  August,  when  he  tacked  about  and  coasted  north- 
ward until,  on  the  third  of  September,  at  three  o:clock  in  the  afternoon, 
he  came  to  three  great  rivers,  and  stood  for  the  northernmost.  Proceeding 
leisurely,  on  the  sixth  he  passed  through  the  Narrows,  and  was  attacked 
by  the  Indians,  who  killed  John  Coleman,  one  of  his  men,  who  was  buried 
at  Coleman's  point,  at  Sandy  hook.  On  the  ninth  the  vessel  arrived  in 
New  York  harbor,  which  they  perceived  to  be  a  very  good  one  for  all 
winds,  and  rode  all  night.  4 

On  the  twelfth  of  September,  at  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  Hudson 
weighed  anchor,  and  began  the  memorable  ascent  of  the  great  river  which 
perpetuates  his  name.  He  proceeded  two  leagues  against  the  wind,  and 
came  to  anchor.  Twenty-eisrht  canoes  full  of  men,  women  and  children 
came  out  from  the  shore,  of  whom  the  mariners  were  wary.  They  brought 
oysters  and  beans,  and  had  "great  tabacco  pipes  of  yellowr  copper,  and 
pots  of  earth  to  dresse  their  meate  in."  The  remainder  of  the  narrative 
is  copied  verbatim  from  the  edition  published  by  the  New  York  Historical 
Society,  Transactions,  i,  138,  et  seq. 

The  thirteenth,  faire  weather,  the  wind  northerly.  At  seuen  of  the 
clocke  in  the  morning,  as  the  floud  came  we  weighed,  and  turned  foure 
miles  into  the  Riuer.  The  tide  being  done  wee  anchored.  Then  there 
came  foure  canoes  aboord :  but  we  suffered  none  of  them  to  come  into  our 
ship.  They  brought  great  store  of  very  good  oysters  aboord,  which  wee 
bought  for  trifles.  In  the  night  I  set  the  variation  of  the  compasse,  and 
found  it  to  be  13  degrees.  In  the  afternoone  we  weighed,  and  turned  in 
with  the  floud  two  leagues  and  a  halfe  further,  and  anchored  all  night, 
and  had  fiue  fathoms  soft  ozie  ground,  and  had  an  high  point  of  land, 
which  shewed  out  to  us  bearing  north  by  east  fiue  leagues  off  vs. 


10  Voyage  of  Henry  Hudson,  1609. 

The  fourteenth,  in  the  morning  being  very  faire  weather,  the  wind 
south-east,  we  sayled  vp  the  Riuer  twelue  leagues,  and  had  fiue  fathoms 
and  fme  fathoms  and  a  quarter  lesse;  and  came  to  a  streight  between  two 
points,  and  had  eight,  nine,  and  ten  fathoms:  and  it  trended  north-east 
by  north,  one  league,  and  we  had  twelue,  thirteene  and  fourteene  fa- 
thomes.  The  Riuer  is  a  mile  broad :  there  is  very  high  land  on  both 
sides.  Then  wee  went  vp  north-west,  a  league  and  an  halfe  deepe  water. 
Then  north-east  by  north  fiue  miles,  then  north-west  by  north  two  leagues, 
and  anchored.  The  land  grew  very  high  and  mountainous.  The  river  is 
full  of  fish. 

The  fifteenth,  in  the  morning  was  misty  vntil  the  Sunne  arose:  then  it 
cleered.  So  wee  weighed  with  the  wind  at  south,  and  ran  vp  into  the 
Riuer  twentie  leagues,  passing  by  high  Mountaines.  Wee  had  a  very  good 
depth,  as  six,  seuen,  eight,  nine,  ten,  twelue  and  thirteen  fathoms,  and 
great  store  of  Salmons  in  the  Riuer.  This  morning  our  two  Sauages  got 
out  of  a  port  and  swam  away.  After  we  were  vnder  sayle  they  called  to 
vs  in  scorne.  At  night  we  came  to  other  Mountaines,  which  lie  from 
the  Riuers  side.  There  we  found  very  louing  people,  and  very  old  men: 
where  wee  were  well  vsed.  Our  Boat  went  to  fish,  and  caught  great  store 
of  very  good  fish. 

The  sixteenth,  faire  and  very  hot  weather.  In  the  morning  our  Boat 
went  againe  to  fishing,  but  could  catch  but  few,  by  reason  their  Canoes 
had  beene  there  all  night.  This  morning  the  people  came  aboord,  and 
brought  vs  eares  of  Indian  Corne,  and  Pompions,  and  Tabacco:  which  wee 
bought  for  trifles.  Wee  rode  still  all  day,  and  filled  fresh  water;  at  night 
wee  weighed  and  went  two  leagues  higher,  and  had  shoald  water :  so  wee 
anchored  till  day. 

The  seuenteenth,  faire  Sun-shining  weather,  and  very  hot.  In  the 
morning  as  soon  as  the  Sun  was  vp,  we  set  sayle,  and  ran  vp  six  leagues 
higher,  and  found  shoalds  in  the  middle  of  the  channell,  and  small  Hands, 
but  seuen  fathoms  water  on  both  sides.  Toward  night  we  borrowed  so 
neere  the  shoare,  that  we  grounded :  so  we  layed  out  our  small  anchor, 
and  heaued  off  againe.  Then  we  borrowed1  on  the  banke  in  the  channell, 
and  came  aground  againe ;  while  the  floud  ran  we  heaued  off  againe,  and 
anchored  all  night. 

The  eighteenth,  in  the  morning  was  faire  weather,  and  we  rode  still. 
In  the  after-noone  our  Master's  Mate  went  on  land  with  an  old  Sauage,  a 
Gouernor  of  the  Countrey;  who  carried  him  to  his  house  and  made  him 
good  cheere. 

The  nineteenth,  was  faire  and  hot  weather :  at  the  floud,  being  neere 
eleuen  of  the  clocke,  wee  weighed,  and  ran  higher  vp  two  leagues  aboue 
the  shoalds,  and  had  no  lesse  water  than  fiue  fathoms:  wee  anchored,  and 
rode  in  eight  fathomes.  The  people  of  the  countrie  came  flocking  aboord, 
and  brought  vs  Grapes,  and  Pompions,  which  we  bought  for  trifles.  And 
many  brought  vs  Beuers  skinnes,  and  Otters  skinnes,  which  wee  bought 
for  Beades,  Kniues,  and  Hatchets.  So  we  rode  there  all  night. 

The  twentieth,  in  the  morning  was  faire  weather.  Our  Masters  Mate 
with  foure  men  more  went  vp  with  our  Boat  to  sound  the  Riuer,  and 
found  two  leagues  aboue  vs  but  two  fathoms  water,  and  the  channell  very 
narrow;  and  aboue  that  place  seuen  or  eight  fathomes.  Toward  night 
they  returned;  and  we  rode  still  all  night. 


Voyage  of  Henry  Hudson,  1609.  II 

The  one  and  twentieth  was  faire  weather,  and  the  wind  all  southerly: 
we  determined  yet  once  more  to  goe  farther  up  into  the  Riuer,  to  trie 
what  depth  and  breadth  it  did  beare  ;  but  much  people  resorted  aboord,  so 
we  went  not  this  day.  Our  carpenter  went  on  land  and  made  a  fore-yard. 
And  our  Master  and  his  Mate  determined  to  trie  some  of  the  chiefe  men  of  the 
countrey,  whether  they  had  any  treacherie  in  them.  So  they  took  them 
down  into  the  cabbin,  and  gave  them  so  much  wine  and  aqua  vitae,  that 
they  were  all  merrie;  and  one  of  them  had  his  wife  with  him,  which  sat 
so  modestly,  as  any  of  our  countrey  women  would  do  in  a  strange  place. 
In  the  end  one  of  them  was  drunke,  which  had  been  aboord  of  our  ship  all 
the  time  that  we  had  been  there :  and  that  was  strange  to  them  •,  for  they 
could  not  tell  how  to  take  it.  The  canoes  and  folke  went  all  on  shoare ; 
but  some  of  them  came  againe,  and  brought  stropes  of  Beades :  some  had 
six,  seven,  eight,  nine,  ten;  and  gaue  him.  So  he  slept  all  night  quietly. 

The  two  and  twentieth  was  faire  weather :  in  the  morning  our  Masters 
Mate  and  foure  more  of  the  companie  went  vp  with  our  Boat  to 
sound  the  Riuer  higher  vp.  The  people  of  the  countrey  came  not  aboord 
till  noone :  but  when  they  came,  and  saw  the  Sauages  well,  they  were 
glad.  So  at  three  of  the  elocke  in  the  after-noone  they  came  aboord,  and 
brought  Tabacco,  and  more  Beades,  and  gaue  them  to  our  Master,  and 
made  an  Oration,  and  shewed  him  all  the  countrey  round  about.  Then 
they  sent  one  of  their  companie  on  land,  who  presently  returned,  and 
brought  a  great  Platter  full  of  Venison,  dressed  by  themselues;  and  they 
caused  him  to  eate  with  them :  then  they  made  him  reuerence,  and  de- 
parted all  saue  the  old  man  that  lay  aboord.  This  night  at  ten  of  the 
elocke,  our  Boate  returned  in  a  showre  of  raine  from  sounding  of  the  Riuer; 
and  found  it  to  bee  at  an  end  for  shipping  to  goe  in.  For  they  had  beene 
vp  eight  or  nine  leagues,  and  found  but  seuen  foot  water,  and  vnconstant 
soundings. 

The  three  and  twentieth  faire  weather.  At  twelue  of  the  elocke  wee 
weighed,  and  went  downe  two  leagues  to  a  shoald  that  had  two  channels, 
one  on  the  one  side,  and  another  on  the  other,  and  had  little  wind,  whereby 
the  tide  layed  vs  upon  it.  So,  there  wee  sate  on  the  ground  the  space  of 
an  houre  till  the  floud  came.  Then  we  had  a  little  gale  of  wind  at  the 
west.  So  wee  got  our  ship  into  deepe  water,  and  rode  all  night  very 
well. 

The  foure  and  twentieth  was  faire  weather:  the  winde  at  the  north- 
west, wee  weighed  and  went  downe  the  Riuer  seuen  or  eight  leagues; 
and  at  halfe  ebbe  wee  came  on  ground  on  a  bank  of  oze  in  the  middle  of 
the  Riuer,  and  sate  there  till  the  floud.  Then  wee  went  on  land,  and  ga- 
thered good  store  of  chestnuts.  At  ten  of  the  elocke  wee  came  off  into 
deepe  water,  and  anchored. 

The  five  and  twentieth  was  faire  weather,  and  the  wind  at  south  a  stiffe 
gale.  We  rode  still,  and  went  on  land  to  walke  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Riuer,  and  found  good  ground  for  Corne,  and  other  garden  herbs,  with 
great  store  of  goodly  oakes,  and  walnut  trees,  and  chestnut  trees,  ewe 
trees,  and  trees  of  sweet  wood  in  great  abundance,  and  great  store  of  slate 
for  houses,  and  other  good  stones. 

The  sixe  and  twentieth  was  faire  weather,  and  the  wind  at  south  a  stiffe 
gale,  we  rode  still.  In  the  morning  our  carpenter  went  on  land  with  our 
Masters  Mate,  and  foure  more  of  our  companie  to  cut  wood.  This  morn.-* 


12  Voyage  of  Henry  Hudson,  1609. 

ing,  two  canoes  came  vp  the  Riuer  from  the  place  where  we  first  found 
louing  people,  and  in  one  of  them  was  the  old  man  that  had  lyen  aboord 
of  vs  at  the  other  place.  He  brought  another  old  man  with  him,  which 
brought  more  stropes  of  beades,  and  gave  them  to  our  Master,  and  shewed 
him  all  the  countrey  there  about,  as  though  it  were  at  his  command.  So 
he  made  the  two  old  men  dine  with  him,  and  the  old  mans  wife  •,  for  they 
brought  two  old  women,  and  two  young  maidens  of  the  age  of  sixteene  or 
seuenteene  yeeres  with  them,  who  behaued  themselues  very  modestly. 
Our  Master  gaue  one  of  the  old  men  a  Knife,  and  they  gaue  him  and  vs 
Tabacco.  And  at  one  of  the  clocke  they  departed  down  the  Riuer,  making 
signes  that  wee  should  come  down  to  them  5  for  wee  were  within  two 
leagues  of  the  place  where  they  dwelt. 

The  seuen  and  tweniieth,  in  the  morning  was  faire  weather,  but  much 
wind  at  the  north,  we  weighed  and  set  our  fore  top-sayle,  and  our  ship 
would  not  flat,  but  ran  on  the  ozie  bank  at  halfe  ebbe.  Wee  layed  out 
anchor  to  heaue  her  off,  but  could  not. ,.  So  we  sate  from  halfe  ebbe  to  halfe 
floud:  then  wee  set  our  fore-sayle  and  mayne  top-sayle,  and  got  downe 
sixe  leagues.  The  old  man  came  aboord  and  would  have  had  vs  anchor, 
and  goe  on  land  to  eate  with  him:  but  the  wind  being  faire,  wee  would 
not  yeeld  to  his  request.  So  hee  left  vs,  being  very  sorrowful  for  our  de- 
parture. At  flue  of  the  clocke  in  the  afternoone,  the  wind  came  to  the 
south-south-west.  So  wee  made  a  boord  or  two,  and  anchored  in  fourteene 
fathomes  water.  Then  our  Boat  went  on  shoare  to  fish,  right  against  the 
ship.  Our  Masters  Mate  and  Boat-swaine,  and  three  more  of  the  com- 
panie  went  on  land  to  fish,  but  could  not  finde  a  good  place.  They  tooke 
foure  or  five  and  twenty  Mullets,  Breames,  Bases,  and  Barbils;  and  re- 
turned in  an  houre.  We  rode  still  all  night. 

The  eight  and  twentieth,  being  faire  weather,  as  soon  as  the  day  was 
light,  we  weighed  at  halfe  ebbe,  and  turned  downe  two  leagues  belowe 
water  ;  for  the  streame  doth  runne  the  last  quarter  ebbe :  then  we  anchored 
till  high  water..  At  three  of  the  clocke  in  the  afternoone  we  weighed, 
and  turned  downe  three  leagues,  vntill  it  was  darke-,  then  wee  anchored. 

The  nine  and  twentieth  was  drie  close  weather:  the  wind  at  south,  and 
south  by  west,  wee  weighed  early  in  the  morning,  and  turned  downe  three 
leagues  by  a  lowe  water,  and  anchored  at  the  lower  end  of  the  long  Reach  •, 
for  it  is  sixe  leagues  long.  Then  there  came  certaine  Indians  in  a  canoe 
to  vs,  but  would  not  come  aboord.  After  dinner  there  came  the  canoe 
with  other  men,  whereof  three  came  aboord  vs.  They  brought  Indian 
wheat,  which  we  bought  for  trifles.  At  three  of  the  clocke  in  the  after- 
noone we  weighed,  as  soone  as  the  ebbe  came,  and  turned  downe  to  the 
edge  of  the  Mountaines,  or  the  northermost  of  the  Mountaines,  and  an- 
chored :  because  the  high  land  hath  many  points,  and  a  narrow  channell, 
and  hath  many  eddie  winds.  So  we  rode  quietly  all  night  in  seuen  fathoms 
water. 

The  thirtieth  was  faire  weather,  and  the  wind  at  south-east  a  stifFe  gale 
between  the  Mountaynes.  We  rode  still  the  afternoone.  The  people  of 
the  countrey  came  aboord  vs,  and  brought  some  small  skinnes  with  them, 
which  we  bought  for  kniues  and  trifles.  This  a  very  pleasant  place  to 
build  a  towne  on.  The  road  is  very  neere,  and  very  good  for  all  winds, 
saue  an  east-north-east  wind.  The  Mountaynes  look  as  if  some  metall 
or  minerall  were  in  them.  For  the  trees  that  grow  on  them  were  all 


Voyage  of  Henry  Hudson,  1609.  13 

blasted,  and  some  of  them  barren,  with  few  or  no  trees  on  them.  The 
people  brought  a  stone  aboord  like  to  emery  (a  stone  vsed  by  glasiers  to 
cut  glasse),  it  would  cut  iron  or  steele.  Yet  being  bruised  small,  and 
water  put  to  it.  it  made  a  colour  like  blacke  lead  glistering;  it  is  also  good 
for  painters  colours.  At  three  of  the  clocke  they  departed,  and  we  rode 
still  all  night. 

The  first  of  October,  faire  weather,  tha  winde  variable  betweene  the 
west  and  the  north.  In  ihe  morning  we  weighed  at  seuen  of  the  clocke 
with  the  ebbe,  and  got  downe  below  the  Mountaynes,  which  was  seuen 
leagues.  Then  it  fellcalme  and  the  flood  was  come,,  and  wee  anchored  at 
twelue  of  the  clocke.  The  people  of  the  Mountaynes  came  aboord  vs, 
wondering  at  our  ship  and  weapons.  We  bought  some  small  skinnes  of 
them  for  trifles.  This  afternoone,  one  canoe  kept  hanging  vnder  our 
sterne  with  one  man  in  it,  which  we  could  not  keepe  from  thence,  who 
got  vp  by  our  rudder  to  the  cabin  window,  and  stole  out  my  pillow  and 
two  shirts,  and  two  bandeleeres.  Our  Masters  Mate  shot  at  him,  and 
strooke  him  on  the  brest,  and  killed  him.  Whereupon  all  the  rest  fled 
away,  some  in  their  canoes,  and  some  leapt  out  of  them  into  the  water. 
We  manned  our  boat,  and  got  our  things  againe.  Then  one  of  them  that 
swamme  got  hold  of  our  boat,  thinking  to  ouerthrow  it.  But  our  cooke 
took  a  sword,  and  cut  off  one  of  his  hands,  and  he  was  drowned.  By  this 
time  the  ebbe  wras  come,  and  we  weighed  and  got  downe  two  leagues,  by 
that  time  it  was  darke.  So  we  anchored  in  foure  fathomes  water,  and 
rode  well. 

The  seconde,  faire  weather.  At  break  of  day  wee  weighed,  the  wind 
being  at  north-west,  and  got  downe  seuen  leagues-,  then  the  floud  was 
come  strong,  so  we  anchored.  Then  came  one  of  the  Sauages  that 
swamme  away  from  vs  at  our  going  vp  the  Riuer  with  many  other,  think- 
ing to  betray  vs.  But  we  perceived  their  intent,  and  svffered  none  of 
them  to  enter  our  ship.  Whereupon  two  canoes  full  of  men,  with  their 
bowes  and  arrowes  shot  at  vs  after  our  sterne :  in  recompence  whereof  we 
discharged  sixe  muskets,  and  killed  two  or  three  of  them.  Then  aboue 
an  hundred  of  them  came  to  a  point  of  land  to  shoot  at  vs.  There  I  shot 
a  falcon  at  them,  and  killed  two  of  them:  whereupon  the  rest  fle'd  into 
the  woods.  Yet  they  manned  off  another  canoe  with  nine  or  ten  men, 
which  came  to  meet  vs.  So  I  shot  at  it  also  a  falcon,  and  shot  it  through 
and  killed  one  of  them.  .  Then  our  men  with  their  muskets- killed  three 
or  four  more  of  them.  So  they  went  their  way;  within  a  while  after,  wee 
got  downe  two  leagues  beyond  that  place,  and  anchored  in  a  bay,  cleere 
from  all  danger  of  them  on  the  other  side  of  the  Riuer,  where  we  saw  a 
very  good  piece  of  ground :  and  hard  by  it  there  was  a  cliffe,  that  looked 
of  the  colour  of  a  white  greene,  as  though  it  were  either  copper,  or  siluer 
myne:  and  I  think  it  to  be  one  of  them  by  the  trees  that  grow  vpon  it. 
For  they  be  all  burned,  and  the  other  places  are  greene  as  grasse,  it  is  on 
that  side  of  the  Riuer  that  is  called  Manna -hatta.  There  we  saw  no 
people  to  trouble  vs :  and  rode  quietly  all  night ;  but  had  much  wind  and 
raine. 

The  third,  was  very  stormie;  the  wind  at  east-north-east.  In  the 
morning,  in  a  gust  of  wind  and  raine,  our  anchor  came  home,  and  we 
droue  on  ground,  but  it  was  ozie.  Then  as  we  were  about  to  haue  out  an 
anchor,  the  wind  came  to  the  north-north-west,  and  droue  vs  off  againe. 


14  Voyage  of  Henry  Hudson,  1609. 

Then  we  shot  an  anchor,  and  let  it  fall  in  foure  fathomes  water,  and 
weighed  the  other.  Wee  had  much  wind  and  raine,  with  thicke  weather, 
so  we  rode  still  all  night. 

The  fourth,  was  faire  weather,  and  the  wind  at  north-north-west,  wee 
weighed  and  came  out  of  the  Riuer,  into  which  we  had  runne  so  farre. 
Within  a  while  after,  wee  came  out  also  of  The  great  mouth  of  the  great 
Riuer,  that  runneth  vp  to  the  north-west,  borrowing  vpon  the  norther 
side  of  the  same,  thinking  to  haue  deepe  water:  for  wee  had  sounded  a 
great  way  with  our  boat  at  our  first  going  in,  and  found  seuen,  six,  and  fiue 
fathomes.  So  we  came  out  that  way,  but  we  were  deceiued,  for  we  had 
but  eight  foot  and  an  halfe  water:  and  so  to  three,  fiue,  three,  and  two 
fathomes  and  an  halfe.  And  then  three,  foure,  fiue,  sixe,  seven,  eight, 
nine  and  ten  fathomes.  And  by  twelue  of  the  clocke  we  were  cleere  of 
all  the  inlet.  Then  we  took  in  our  boat,  and  set  our  mayne-sayle  and 
sprit-sayle,  and  our  top-sayles,  and  steered  away  east-south-east,  and  south- 
east by  east,  off  into  the  mayne  sea:  and  the  land  on  the  souther  side  of  the 
bay  or  inlet,  did  beare  at  noone  west  and  by  south  foure  leagues  from  vs. 

The  fift,  was  faire  weather,  and  the  wind  variable  between  the  north 
and  the  east.  Wee  held  on  our  course  south-east  by  east.  At  noone  I 
obserued  and  found  our  height  to  bee  39  degrees  30  minutes.  Our  com- 
passe  varied  sixe  degrees  to  the  west. 

We  continued  our  course  toward  England,  without  seeing  any  land  by 
the  way,  all  the  rest  of  this  moneth  of  October.  And  on  the  seuenth  day 
of  Nouember,  stilo  nouo,  being  Saturday,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  we  safely 
arriued  in  the  Range  of  Dartmouth,  in  Deuonshire,  in  the  yeere  1609. 


Settlers  of  Rensstlaerswyck  from  1630  to  1646.         15 

NAMES  OF  SETTLERS  IN  RENSSELAERSWYCK. 

1630  TO  1646. 

'Compiled  from  the  books  of  Monthly  Wages  and  other  MSS.    See  O'Callaghan's  Hist. 
ofN.  Netlierland,  i;  433. 

1630. 

Wolfert  Gerritsen,  superintendent  of  farms. 

Rutger  Hendricksen  van  Soest,  superintendent  of  the  brewery. 

Seger  Hejidricksen  van  Soest,  shepherd  and  ploughman. 

Brandt  Peelen  van  Nieukerke,  schepen;  had  two  daughters,  Lisbet  and 
Gerritje.  The  latter  married  Goosen  Gerritsen  van  Schaick.  The 
father  died  in  1644.  He  is  mentioned  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Megapolensis  - 
in  his  tract  on  the  Maquaa  Indians,  and  by  Van  der  Donck  in  his 
Beschryvinge  van  N.  N.,  as  having  raised  wheat  off  one  field  in 
Rensselaerswyck  eleven  years  in  succession.  The  land  was  ploughed 
twelve  times  in  that  period ;  twice  the  first  and  once  every  succeed- 
ing lyear,  when  the  stubble  was  ploughed  and  the  wheat  sown  and 
harrowed  under.  Van  der  Donck  adds: —  "There  are  many  thous- 
and morgens  of  as  good  land  there  as  that  of  which  we  have  spoken." 
Several  descendants  of  this  individual  reside  in  Albany  county, 
where  they  go  by  the  name  of  Brandt. 

Simon  Dircksen  Pos,  was  one  of  Minuet's  council  in  1624;  died  in  1645. 

Jan  Tyssen,  trumpeter,  Fort  Orange. 

Andries  Carstenssen,  millwright. 

Laurens  Laurenssen,  \ 

Barent  Tomassen,        {  sawyers. 

Arendt  van  Curler,  was  a  magistrate  of  the  colony  until  the  time  of  his 
death,  and  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  settlement  at  Schenectady,  1641. 

Jacob  Jansen  Stol,  succeeded  Hendrick  Albertzsen  as  ferry-master  at 
Beverwyck. 

Mertin  Gerrittsen  van  Bergen,  married  Neeltje  Meynderts;  his  oldest 
son  was  Gerrit;  his  second,  Myndert  van  Bergen.  In  the  year  1668, 
he  had  a  lease  of  Castle  Island,  called  after  him,  Martin  Gerritsen's 
Island,  and  in  1690  he  lived  south  of  that  island,  on  the  west  side  of 
the  river.  He  had  property  in  Katskili,  Coxsackie,,  and  Albany,  of 
which  place  he  was  magistrate  for  a  long  time. 

Claes  Arissen. 

Roeloff  Jansen  van  Maesterlandt,  wife  and  family;  came  out  as  farmer 
to  the  Patroon,  at  $72  a  year.  The  Rev.  Ev.  Bogardus,,  of  New 
Amsterdam,  married  his  widow. 

Claes  Claessen,  his  servant.  Jacques  Spierinck. 

Jacob  Govertsen.  Raynert  Harmensen* 

Bastiaen  Jansen  Krol,  Fort  Orange. 

Albert  Andriessen  Bradt,  de  Noorman,  married  Annetje  Barents,  by 
whom  he  had  eight  children,  viz.  Barent-,  Eva,  (who  m.  Roeloff 
Swartwout;)  Storm;  Engeltje,  (who  m.  Teunis  Slingerland.  of 
Onisquathaw;)  Gisseltje,  (who  m.  Jan  van  EecheleH;)  Andries,  Jan, 
and  Dirck.  The  tradition  is,  that  one  of  the  above  children  was 


16         Settlers  of  Remselaerswyck  from  1630  to  1646. 

born  on  ship-board,  on  the  passage  out,  in  the  midst  of  a  heavy 
storm,  in  consequence  of  which  he  was  called  Storm  van  der  Zee. 
Barent  Albertsen  succeeded  his  father,  in  1672,  as  lessee  of  the  water 
privileges  on  the  Normans  Kill,  for  which  he  was  to  pay  $  150  a 
year;  and  Slingerland  succeeded,  in  1677,  as  lessee  of  the  farm  which 
his  father  had  occupied  until  then  on  the  above  stream.  Albert  de 
Noorman  died  7th  June,  1686,  and  Swartwout,  mentioning  the  oc- 
curence,  says: — he  was  "een  van  de  oudste  en  eerste  inwoonders 
der  colonie  Rensselaerswyck."  At  the  time  of  his  decease,  he  was 
proprietor  of  some  lots  arid  houses  on  the  island  of  Manhattans.  It 
was  after  this  man  that  the  creek  south  of  Albany  was  called  the 
Noormans  Kill.  Many  of  his  descendants  are  still  met  with  in  and 
around  the  latter  city. 

1631. 

Maryn  Adriaensen  van  Veere.  This  was  the  freebooter  who  afterwards 
played  so  prominent  a  figure  in  Kieft's  time. 

Thomas  Witsent. 

Gerrit  Teunissen  de  Reus,  schepen,  had  a  well-stocked  farm  in  Greenbush. 

Cornells  Teunissen  van  Westbroek. 

Cornells  Teunissen  van  Breukelen,  Raedts  persoon;  the  descendants  of 
this  man  now  call  themselves  van  Brackelen. 

Johan  Tiers. 

Jasper  Ferlyn. 

Gerrit  Willems  Oosterum. 

Cornelis  Maessen  van  Buren  Maassen  (in  Galderland)  and  Catalyntje 
Martensen,  his  wife,  came  out  in  the  ship  Rensselaerswyck.  In  the 
passage  out  was  born  their  first  child,  Hendrick;  had  besides  him, 
four  other  children,  viz.  Martin,  Maas,  Steyntje,  and  Tobias,  all  of 
whom  were  living  in  the  colonie  in  1662.  Steyntje  married,  1663, 
Dirck  Wessels,  "free  merchant  here."  The  father  had  a  farm  at 
Papskenea.  He  and  his  wife  died  in  1648,  and  were  both  buried  on 
the  same  day!  (Beyde  op  eenen  dagh  zyn  begraaven.  MS.) 

Cornelis  Teunissen  Bos,  bouwknecht  to  Cornelis  Maassen,  was  commis- 
sary at  Fort  Orange  previous  to  1662. 

1634. 

Jan  Labbadie,  carpenter,  native  of  France,  was  subsequently  commissary 
to  the  Patroon,  and  after  that  held  a  like  office  at  Fort  Orange, 
under  the  company.  He  married  the  widow  of  Mr.  Harman  van  der 
Bogaert.  He  came  out  previous  to  this  year,  and  was  part  owner 
of  the  Garce. 

Robert  Hendricksen.  Adriaen  Gerritsen. 

Lubert  Gysbertsen,  wheelwright.  Jan  Jacobsen. 

Jacob  Albertzen  Planck,  officier,  sheriff.       Joris  Houten,  Fort  Orange. 

Hendrick  Cornelissen. 

Jan  Jansen  Dam,  or  Damen;  married  Ariaentje  Cuvel.  He  removed 
subsequently  to  New  Amsterdam,  where  he  was  elected  one  of  the 
Eight  Men-,  amassed  considerable  wealth,  and  was  one  of  the  owners 
of  the  privateer  La  Garce.  In  1649-50  he  went  to  Holland  with  C. 


Settlers  of  Rensselaerswyck  from  1630  to  1646.         17 

van  Tienhoven,  to  defend  Stuyvesant  against  the  complaints  of  Van 
der  Donck  and  others,  and  died  on  his  return,  18th  June,  1651.  He 
does  not  seem  to  have  had  any  children.  He  had  three  brothers, 
Cornells  Jansen,  Cuyper;  Cornelis  Jansen  Damen-,  and  Willem 
Jansen  Damen;  and  two  sisters,  Neiltje,  and  Hendrickje.  He  adopted 
the  son  of  the  last-named  sister — Jan  Cornelis  Buys — who  assumed 
his  name,  having  been  left  600  Car.  guilders.  Jan  Damen,  at  his 
death,  willed  400  Car.  guilders  to  the  poor  of  Bunick,  province  of 
Utrecht.  The  inventory  of  his  personal  property  fills  ten  folio  pages 
in  the  records. 

1635. 

Jan  Terssen  van  Franiker.  Juriaen  Bylvelt. 

Jan  Cornelissen,  Carpenter.  Johannes  Verbeeck ;  Raedt  Persoon, 

1658,  1661. 

1636. 

Barent  Pieterse  Koyemans,  alias  Barent  the  Miller,  entered  the  service 
of  the  first  Patroon,  at  30  guilders  a  year.  Three  brothers  accom- 
panied him  to  Rensselaerswyck  in  1636 :  viz.  David,  Jacob,  and  Arent, 
who  was  a  lad.  It  is  presumed  that  they  came  originally  from 
Utrecht.  Barent  worked  in  the  Patroon's  grist-mill  until  1645,  in 
the  fall  of  which  year  he  took  charge,  with  Jan  Gerritsen,  his  part- 
ner, (who  came  out  with  him,)  of  the  Patroon's  saw-mills,  being  al- 
lowed 150  gl.  each  a  year  for  board,  and  3  stivers  a  cut  for  every 
plank  they  sawed.  He  remained  in  this  employment  until  1647, 
having  cut  between  three  and  four  thousand  boards  in  that  time. 
Previous  to  1650,  he  lived  a  little  south  of  the  5th  or  Patroon's  creek, 
and  in  1655  took  a  nineteen  years'  lease  of  a  farm  of  maize-land  at 
24  gl.  per  annum.  In  1657  he  rented,  in  company  with  Cornelis 
Theunis  van  Breukelen,  for  three  years,  the  Upper  Mills,  (as  the 
mills  on  the  Patroon's  creek  were  called,  in  contradistinction  to  those 
on  the  Norman's  kill.)  which  he  leased  on  his  own  account  in  1660 
for  13  years.  This  lease  expired  in  1673,  about  which  time  he 
purchased,  by  consent  of  the  Commissioners  at  Albany,  from  the 
Katskill  Indians,  a  large  tract  of  land,  some  twelve  or  fifteen  miles 
south  of  that  city,  on  the  west  side  of  the  river.  The  place  had  been 
known,  for  many  years  previous,  as  offering  peculiar  advantages  for 
the  erection  of  saw-mills,  Cryn  Cornelissen  and  Hans  Jansen  having 
erected  saw-mills  on  the  creek  immediately  north  of  Beeren  Island 
as  early  as  1651.  Coeymans  had,  no  doubt,  these  advantages  in 
view  when  he  made  his  purchase,  which  began  at  a  point  on  the 
shore  called  Sieskasin,  opposite  the  middle  of  Jan  Ryersens  island 
called  by  the  Indians  Sapanakock,  and  ran  south  to  the  mouth  of 
Pieter  Bronck's  kill,  as  Coxsackie  creek  was  then  called.  Following 
up  this  creek  to  its  head,  the  line  then  went  west  until  it  struck  the 
head  of  the  waters  falling  into  the  Hudson,  all,the  land  on  which  be- 
longed to  the  Katskill  Indians,  the  waters  flowing  west  to  the  Scho- 
harie  creek  being  the  property  of  the  Mohawks.  The  line  then  went 


18        Settlers  of  Rensselaerswyck  from  1630  to  1646. 

northerly  to  the  bounds  of  Rensselaerswyck,  and  thence  returned  to 
the  Hudson  River.  A  patent  was  obtained  for  this  tract,  twelve  miles 
deep  and  some  eight  or  ten  front,  from  Gov.  Lovelace,  on  7th  April, 
1673.  But  falling  as  it  did  within  the  original  bounds  of  Van  Rens- 
selaer's  colonie,  Coeymans  purchased  out  the  Patroon's  claims,  22d 
Oct.,  170G,  agreeing  to  pay  a  quit-rent  of  nine  shillings  a  year,  and 
he  finally  obtained  letters  patent  from  Queen  Anne,  confirming  the 
whole  to  him  and  his  heirs  forever,  6th  Aug.,  1714.  This  purchase 
now  constitutes  the  ancient  town  of  Coeymans,  in  the  county  of 
Albany. — Barent  Pietersen  had  five  children — Andreas,  Samuel, 
Peter,  Ariantje,  and  Jannitje.  Andreas  moved  to  the  Raritans,  New 
Jersey,  where  he  purchased  a  considerable  tract  of  land,  and  where 
some  of  the  Coeymans  still  reside.  Peter  married  twice :  by  his  first 
wife  he  had  Mayica,  who  married  Andreas  Witbeck;  and  Elizabeth, 
the  wife  of  Jacob  van  Allen.  By  his  second  wife,  Charlotte  Amelia 
Drawyer,  he  had  Gerritje,  who  married  John  Barclay,  mayor  of 
Albany;  Anne  Margaret,  who  married  Peter  Ten  Eyck,  and  Char- 
lotte A.,  who  married  John  Bronck.  Mrs.  Abraham  Verplanck  of 
Coeymans  is  grand-daughter  to  this  Mrs.  Bronck.  All  the  descend- 
ants of  Barent  Coeymans,  after  the  first  generation  in  a  direct  line, 
were  females.  Owing  to  this  singular  circumstance,  the  family 
name  is  now  extinct  in  this  state. 

Pieter  Cornelissen  van  Munnichendam,  millwright. 

Dirck  Jansen  van  Edam.  Mauritz  Jansen,)          -p        ,, 

Arent  Andriessen  van  Frederickstad,  Michel  Jansen ,  f    ^ 

This  Michel  brought  out  his  wife  and  two  children.  Van  Tienhoven 
says  he  came  out  as  a  "boereknecht,"  or  servant.  He  amassed  a 
fortune  in  a  few  years,  in  the  fur-trade,  but  not  being  able  to  agree 
with  the  head  men  of  the  colonie,  he  removed,  in  1646,  to  the  island 
of  Manhattans.  He  purchased  Eversten  Bout's  farm  in  Pavonia, 
with  some  stock,  for  8,000  gl.,  and  was  appointed  one  of  the  delegates 
to  Holland  in  1649,  against  the  colonial  administration,  but  owing  to 
the  unsettled  state  of  his  private  affairs  he  could  not  accept  that 
appointment.  It  was  in  a  room  in  this  man's  house,  in  New  Am- 
sterdam, that  Van  der  Donk  wrote  his  celebrated  "  Vertoogh,"  or 
Remonstrance  against  the  maladministration  of  affairs  in  New 
Nether  land. 

Jacob  Jansen  van  Amsterdam. 

Simon  Walings  van  der  Belt;  was  killed  at  Pavonia,  in  1648,  by  some 
savages  from  the  south. 

Gysbert  Claessen  van  Amsterdam.  Hans  Zevenhuyzen. 

Cristen  Cristyssen  Noorman  van  Adriaen  Hubertsen. 

Vlecburgh  and  wife.  Rynier  Tymanssen  van  Edam. 

Tys  Barentsen  Schoonmaker  van  Ed:im.      Thomas  Jansen  van  Bunick. 

Cornelis  Tomassen,  smith,  and  wife. 

Arent  Steveniersen,  wife  and  two.  children ;  he  married,,  anno  1637,  the 
widow  of  Cornelis  Tomassen,  by  whom  he  had  two,  other  children* 

Johan  Latyn  van  Verduym.  Claes  Jansen  van  Nykerk;. 


Settlers  of  Rensselaerswyck  from  1630  to  1646.         19 

Rutger  Jacobsen  van  Schoenderwoerdt ;  married  in  New  Amsterdam, 
anno  1646,  Tryntje  Jansen  van  Briestede,  (who  died  at  her  son's  in 
Rosendal,  in  1711).  By  her  he  had  two  daughters  and  one  son. 
Margaret,  one  of  the  daughters,  married,  in  1667,  Jan  Jansen  Bleeck- 
er,  who  came  from  Meppel,  province  of  Overyssel,  to  America, 
In  1658,  and  was  the  ancestor  of  the  present  highly  respectable 
Bleecker  family  in  this  state.  Rutger  Jacobson  was  a  magistrate  in 
Rensselaerswyck  as  early  as  1648,  and  continued  to  fill  that  office 
as  late  as  1662,  and  perhaps  later.  He  owned  a  vessel  on  the  river 
in  1649,  in  which  year  he  rented,  in  partnership  with  Goosen  Ger- 
rittsen.,  the  Patroon's  brewery,  at  450  gl.  a  year,  payable  in  addition 
one  guilder  for  every  ton  of  beer  which  they  brewed.  This  duty 
amounted  in  the  first  year  to  230  gl.,  and  in  the  following  season 
they  worked  up  1,500  schepels  of  malt.  On  the  3d  of  June,  1656, 
he  laid  the  corner-stone  of  the  "new  church,"  in  Beverswyck,  and 
we  find  him  subsequently  part  proprietor  of  Pachonakelick,  called 
by  the  Dutch  Mohican's,  or  Long  Island,  below  Bethlehem.  He  had 
the  character  of  an  upright  citizen,  and  to  his  credit  it  must  be  add- 
ed, he  rose  by  his  honest  industry  from  small  beginnings. 

Ryckert  Rutgerson-,  was  engaged,  when  he  first  came  out,  at  130  gl.  per 
annum  for  a  term  of  6  years.  In  1648  he  took  a  6  years'  lease  of 
Bethlehem  Island,  at  300  gl.  per  annum,  besides  the  tenths.  He  re- 
ceived three  horses,  and  two  or  three  cows  on  halves,  and  the  Pa- 
troon  was  to  build  him  a  barn  and  dwelling-house,  he  cutting  and 
drawing  the  timber,  and  boarding  the  carpenters.  He  was  exempt 
from  rent  and  tithes  for  the  first  year.  In  1652  he  surrendered  his 
lease  to  Jan  Ryersen,  after  whom  this  island  has  since  been  named. 

N.  B.  The  Settlers  of  1636  came  out  in  the  ship  Rensselaerswyck,  hav- 
ing sailed  from  Holland  on  the  1st  October  of  that  year. 

1637. 

Jan  Michaelsen  van  Edam,  tailor,  and  his  boy. 

Pieter  Nicolaussen  van  Nordinge. 

Teunis  Cornelissen  van  Vechten,  succeeded  Michel  Jansen  on  his  farm 
in  1646,  and  lived  in  1648  in  the  south  end  of  Greenbush. 

Burger  Joris,  smith, 

Jan  Ryersen;  the  island  situate  opposite  the  junction  of  the  towns  of 
Bethlehem  and  Coeymans,  on  the  Hudson,  was  called  Jan  Ryersen's 
island,  in  consequence  of  this  man  having  lived  there  in  1652. 

Abraham  Stevensen,  surnamed  Croaet,  a  boy. 

Cornells  Teunissen  van  Merkerk. 

Goosen  Gerritsen  van  Schaick;  married,  1st,  Gerritje  Brants,  daughter 
of  Brant  Peelen^,  2d,  in  July,,  1657,  Annetje  Lievens.  He  was  a 
brewer  in  the  colonie  in  1649,  in  which  year  he  accepted,  after  a 
good  deal  of  solicitation,  the  office  of  magistrate,  or  Gerechts  per- 
soon.  Was  afterwards  one  of  the  part  owners  of  Nachtenack,  the 
Indian  name  for  the  site  of  the  present  village  of  Waterford,  Saratoga 
county. 

Willem  Juriaea«en  Bakker,  was  banished  from  the  colonie  in  1650,  at 
the  age  af  seventy  years,  in  consequence  ,of  his  repeated  misdeeds. 


20        Settlers  of  Rensselaerswyck  from  1630  to  1646. 

1638. 

Jan  Dircksen  van  Amersfoort.  Gerrit  Hendricksen. 

Wybrant  Pietersen.  Cornells  Leendertsen. 

Willem  Meynten.  Francis  Allertsen,  cooper. 

Martin  Hendricksen  van  Hamelwaard.      RoeloffCornelissenvanHouten. 

Adriaen  Berghoorn.  Volckert  Jansen. 

Hendrick  Fredricksen.  Jacob  Jansen  Nostrandt. 

Christoffel  Davits-,  lived  in  1650  on  a  farm  at  Dominie's  Hoeck,  now 
called  Van  Wie's  Point. 

Claes  Jansen  Ruyter.  Jacob  Flodder,  his  man. 

Gysbert  Adriaensen  van  Bunick;  came  out  in  the  Key  of  Calmar. 

Teunis  Dircksen  van  Vechten;  came  out  with  wife,  child,  and  two  ser- 
vants, in  the  "Arms  of  Norway,"  and  had  a  farm  in  1648  at  Green- 
bush,  north  of  that  occupied  by  Teunis  Cornelissen  van  Vechten. 
He  is  referred  to  in  1663  as  "an  old  inhabitant  here." 

1639. 

Jacob  Adriaensen  van  Utrecht.  Ryer  Stoffelsen. 

Cryn  Cornelissen;  obtained  a  license  in  1651  to  erect  a  sawmill  in  com- 
pany with  Hans  Jansen  van  Rotterdam,  on  what  is  now  Coeyman's 
Creek. 

Adam  Roelantsen  van  Hamelwaard ;  previously  a  schoolmaster  in  New 
Amsterdam. 

Sander  Leendertsen  Glen;  married  Catalyn  Doncassen.  He  was  one  of 
the  Indian  traders  at  Beverswyck,  and  finally  moved  to  Scotia,  near 
Schenectada,  of  which  tract  he  obtained  a  patent  from  Gov.  Nicolls, 
in  1665.  Reference  is  made  probably  to  this  gentleman  by  the 
French  in  their  account  of  the  burning  of  Schenectady,  anno  1690, 
in  the  following  terms:  "At  daybreak  some  men  were  sent  to  the 
dwelling  of  Mr.  Sander,  who  was  Major  of  the  place  at  the  other 
side  of  the  river.  He  was  not  willing  to  surrender,  and  began  to 
put  himself  on  the  defensive,  with  his  servants  and  some  Indians. 
But  as  it  was  resolved  not  to  do  him  any  harm,  in  consequence  of 
the  good  treatment  which  the  French  had  formerly  experienced  at 
his  hands,  M.  d'Iberville  and  the  great  Agniez  proceeded  thither 
alone,  promised  him  quarter  for  himself,  his  people  and  property, 
whereupon  he  laid  down  his  arms  on  parole." 

Pieter  Jacobsen  and  wife.  Johan  Poog. 

Gilles  Barentsen.  Claes  Jansen  van  Breda. 

Cornelis  Spierinck.  Class  Tyssen. 

1640. 

Nys  Jacobsen.  Jannitje  Teunissen. 

Jan  Teunissen,  carpenter. 

Teunis  Jacobsen  van  Schoenderwordt,  brother  to  Rutger  Jacobsen ;  had 
90  gl.  a  year  salary  for  the  first  three  years,  and  100  for  the  next 
three.  He  became  a  trader  in  1651. 

Andries  Hubertsen  Constapel  van  derBlaes;  married  Annetje  Juriaen- 
sen;  owned  a  tile  kiln  in  Beverswyck,  and  died  in  1662. 


Settlers  of  Rensselaerswyck  from  1630  to  1646.        21 

Andries  de  Vos,  brother-in-law  to  Barent  Pieterse  Coeymans-,  was 
Gerechts  persoon,  or  magistrate,  in  1648. 

Adriaen  Teunissen  van  der  Belt.  Jan  Creynen. 

Jan  Jansen  van  Rotterdam;  was  killed  in  the  Indian  war,  1644. 

Jacob  Jansen  van  Campen.  Cornells  Keyne  van  Houtten. 

Jan  Cornelissen  van  Houtten.  Claes  Gerritsen. 

1641. 

Adriaen  van  der  Donck,  officier,  or  Sheriff. 

Cornells  Antonissen  van  Slyck,  alias  Broer  Cornelissen,  was  the  first 
patentee  of  Katskill,  anno  1646.  Van  Slyck's  Island,  opposite  Sche- 
nectada,  was  so  called  after  one  of  his  sons,  Jacques,  to  whom  it 
was  granted,  13th  Nov.,  1662,  by  Director  Stuyvesant. 

Claes  Gysbertsen.  Joris  Borrelingen,  Engelsman. 

Jacob  Wolfertsen,  Claes  Jansen  van  Ruth. 

Tennis  de  Metselaer. 

Cornelis  Cornelissen  van  Schoonderwoerdt,  alias  "  Vosje." 

1642. 

Dominie  Johannes  Megapolensis,  Jun., 
Matheld  Willemsen,  his  wife, 

Hellegond,  Dirck,  Jan,  and  Samuel,  their  children.  Samuel  M., 
the  last  named  son,  was  sent  to  Harvard;College  in  1657 ;  spent  three 
years  there,  and  then  proceeded  to  the  University  of  Leyden,  where 
he  was  licensed,  in  1662,  as  a  minister,  and  obtained  the  degree  of 
M.  D.  On  his  return,  he  became  Collegiate  pastor  of  the  church 
at  New  Amsterdam,  and  was  appointed  by  Gev.  Stuyvesant  one  of 
the  commissioners  to  negotiate  with  the  British  the  articles  relating 
to  the  capitulation  of  the  Province. — Rev.  Dr.  De  Witt. 

Abraham  Staes,  surgeon. 

Evert  Pels  van  Steltyn,  brewer,  and  wife;  lived  at  the  Mill  Creek, 
Greenbush. 

Cornelis  Lambertsen  van  Doom.  Joachim  Kuttelhuys  van  Cremyn. 

Johan  Helms  van  Baasle. 

Juriaen  Bestval  van  Luyderdorp,  (near  Leyden). 

Claes  Jansen  van  Waalwyck.  Paulus  Jansen  van  Gertruydenburgh. 

Hans  Vos  van  Baden,  court  messenger;  was  sheriff's  constable  in  New 
Amsterdam  in  1661. 

Lucas  Smith  van  Ickemsburgh ;  left  the  colonie  in  the  spring  of  1646,  with 
the  character  of  "een  eerlyk  ende  vroom  Jongman" — an  honorable 
and  virtuous  young  man. 

Cornelis  Crynnesen. 

Cornelis  Hendricksen  van  Es,  Gerechts  persoon  or  magistrate.  His 
daughter,  Elizabeth,  married  one  Banckers.  "  Cryn  Cornelissen 
declares  that,  in  the  spring  of  1643,  while  conveying  some  of  the 
guests,  on  the  ice,  to  the  wedding  of  Van  Es's  daughter,  a  mare  be- 
longing to  him,  (Cryn),  and  a  stud  belonging  to  Van  der  Donk,  were 
drowned  in  the  neighborhood  of  Black,  or  Horse's  point — (omtrent 
de  Swarte,  ofte  Paerde  Hoeck) — for  which  he  understands  Van  der 
Donck  received  150  guilders  ($60)  from  the  wedding  party."  MS. 


22        Settlers  of  Rensselaerswyck  from  1630  to  1646, 

Cornells  Gerritsen  van  Schoonderwoerdt. 

Wm.  Fredericksen  van  Leyden,  free  carpenter. 

Antonie  de  HoogesM  commis,  afterwards  Secretary  of  the  Colonie.  His 
daughter,  and  only  child,  says  Bensen,  "married  Herman  Rutgers, 
the  ancestor  of  the  respectable  family  of  the  name  among  us."  De 
Hooges  died  1658.  The  well-known  promontory  in  the  Highlands 
was  called  Anthony's  Nose,  after  him. 

Johan  Holmes. 

Juriaen van  Sleswyck. 

Johan  Corstiaenssen,  mariner. 

Hendrick  Albertsen;  second  time  of  <his  coming  out.  He  was  the  first 
ferrymaster  in  Beverwyck;  died  in  1648  or  1649, 

Gertrude  Dries  van  Driesbergen,  Hendrick  Dries,  her  brother, 

his  wife. 

Albert  Jansen,  van  Amsterdam.  Jan  Jansen  Flodder,  carpenter. 

Geertje  Mannix,  widow,  and  two          Pieter  Wyncoop,  commis. 
children. 

Nicolaus  Koorn,  sergeant  or  wachtmeester;  succeeded  Van  der  Donck 
as  Sheriff. 

Adriaen  Cornelissen  van  Bersingeren.    Arendt  Teunissen  van  Luyten. 

Cornelis  Segers  van  Voorhoudt ;  succeeded  Van  der  Donck  on  the  farm 
called  Weelysburgh,  on  Castle  island-,  married  Bregje  Jacobsen,  by 
whom  he  had  six  children-,  Cornelis,  Claes,  Seger,  Jannitje,  Neltje, 
and  Lysbeth.  The  last  named  married  Francois  Boon,  without  her 
parents'  consent,  and  was  disinherited,  having  been  left  by  will  only 
£1  Flemish.  Seger  married  Jannitje  Teunissen  van  Vecthen,  and 
was  killed,  anno  1662,  by  Andries  Hubertsen  in  a  brawl  Many  of 
the  Segers  family  are  still  residents  of  the  county  of  Albany. 

Jacob  Aertsen  Wagenaar. 

Jan  Creyne  van  Houtten. 

Jan  Dircksen,  Engelsman,  van  Amersfoort. 

Kerry  de  Backer.  "  I  have  known  a  gunner,  named  Harry  de  Backer, 
who  killed  at  one  shot  from  his  gun,  eleven  gray  geese  out  of  a  large 
flock." — Van  der  Donck. 

Adrian  Willemsen;  banished  for  theft  in  1644. 

1643,   1644,  1645. 

Pieter  Hertgers  van  Vee,  was  one  of  the  commissaries  of  the  court  at 
Fort  Orange  in  1654;  died  in  Holland,  1670. 

Abraham  Clock. 

Jan  Barentsen  Wemp,  removed  subsequently  to  Schenectady,  where  he 
became  proprietor  of  some  land*  His  widow  married  Sweer  Teu- 
nissen van  Velde.. 

Richard  Brigham. 

Lambert  van  Valckenburg. 

Jacob  Jansen  Schermerhorn,  married  Jannitje,  daughter  of  Cornelis  Se- 
gers. He  was  a  prominent  trader  in  Beverwyck  in  1648,  when  he 
was  arrested,  by  Stuyvesant,  on  a  charge  of  selling  fire-arms  and 
ammunition  to  the  Indians.  His  books  and  papers  were  seized,  and 


Settlers  of  Rensselaerswyck  from  1630  to  1646.         23 

himself  removed  a  prisoner  to  Fort  Amsterdam,  where  he  was  sen- 
tenced to  banishment  for  five  years,  and  the  confiscation  of  all  his 
property.  By  the  interference  of  some  leading  citizens  the  first  part 
of  the  sentence  was  struck  out,  but  his  property  was  totally  lost. 
These  proceedings  against  Schermerhorn  formed,  subsequently,  a 
ground  of  complaint  against  Stuyvesant  to  the  States  General. 

Claes  Teunissen,  alias  "  Uylenspiegel." 

Gysbert  Cornelissen  van  Wesepe ;  called  also  Gysbert  op  de  Berg,  from 
the  fact  of  his  having  lived  on  a  farm  called  the  "  Hooge  Berg," 
situate  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  a  little  below  Albany,  which 
he  rented  in  1649  at  300  gl.  a  year.  This  farm  still  retains  its  origin- 
al Dutch  name,  and  is  now  owned  by  Joachim  Staats,  Esq. 

1646. 

Jan  Jansen  van  Bremen;  lived  in  Bethlehem,  and  moved,  anno  1540, 
to  Katskill. 

Harman  Mynderts  van  der  Bogaert,  arrived  in  New  Neterland,  anno 
1631,  as  surgeon  of  the  company's  ship  the  Eendracht;  he  continued 
in  the  company's  service  to  1633,  after  which  he  resided  in  New 
Amsterdam  until  appointed  commissary  to  Fort  Orange.  He  was 
highly  respected,  though  from  all  accounts  he  appears  to  have  been 
of  an  irascible  temper,  An  instance  is  mentioned  of  his  having  at- 
tempted, in  the  excitement  of  a  high  quarrel,  when  both  appear  to 
have  been  in  a  violent  passion,  to  throw  the  Director-general  out  of 
a  boat  in  which  they  were  sailing  on  the  river;  he  was,  it  is  added, 
with  difficulty  prevented  from  accomplishing  his  purpose.  He  oc- 
casionally wrote  his  name  Harmanus  &  Boghardij.  He  came,  I  be- 
lieve, to  a  violent  death  in  1649.  Carl  van  Brugge  succeeded  him 
as  commissary  at  Fort  Orange. 

Jan  van  Hoosem.  Hendrick  Westercamp. 

Jacob  Herrick. 

Jan  Andriessen  van  Dublin,  leased  abouwerie  in  1649,  described  as  lying- 
"north  of  Stoney  point,  being  the  north  half  of  the  Flatt." 

Tomas  Higgens.  Jan  Willemsen  Scuth. 

Wolf  Nyssen ;  executed.  Willem  Leendertsen,  brass-founder. 

Pieter  Bronck;  built  a  tavern  in  Beverwyck,  in  1651,  which  was  then 
the  third  at  that  place ;  afterwards  lived  at  Coxackie,  the  creek  at 
which  place  was  called  by  the  Dutch,  Peter  Bronck's  kill. 

Tomas  Kenningh.  Jacob  Jansen  van  Stoutenburgh. 

Jan  de  Neger;  Scherprechter,  or  hangman  to  the  colonie. 


24  Sentence  of  Willem  Juriaensen  Bakker. 

SENTENCE  OF  WILLEM  JURIAENSEN  BAKKER. 

As  the  minute  in  the  Gerechts  rolle,  or  court  register,  of  the  sentence 
pronounced  against  this  public  disturber  will  afford  some  idea  of  the 
strictness  of  the  police  in  those  days,  we  are  tempted  to  translate  it. — 
CTCallaghan's  Hist,  of  N.  Netherland,  p.  437. 

"Their  worships,  the  Commissioners  and  Council  of  the  colonie  of 
Rensselaerswyck,  having  duly  considered  and  weighed  the  demand  of  the 
Honorable  Director,  as  prosecutor  against  Willem  Juriaensen  Bakker,  and 
finding  that  he  was  already  banished  out  the  colonie  by  their  Worshipful 
Court,  on  the  4th  February,  1644;  and  afterwards  because  that  he  at- 
tempted on  the  Lord's  highway  with  a  knife  to  stab  the  person  of  Antonie 
de  Hooges,  then  commis  to  the  Noble  Patroon,  whereby  he,  in  as  much 
as  in  him  lay,  did  commit  a  murder,  for  which  he,  on  the  28th  August, 
1647,  was  banished  from  the  colonie;  and  he  having  by  petition  prayed 
for  a  respite,  which  was  granted  to  him,  he  pledged  all  his  goods,  and 
also  subjected  himself  to  the  banishment  of  his  person,  should  he  happen 
to  insult  any  person  within  or  without  the  court,  or  to  do  any  thing  that 
should  be  displeasing,  or  worthy  of  punishment.  Therefore,  the  Honora- 
ble Prosecutor,  recapitulating  the  same,  has  set  forth,  to  wit,  that  he, 
the  Delinquent,  hath  .so  frightened  and  shocked  a  certain  woman,  [Saertje 
Cornelis,  wife  of  Thomas  Sanderssen  Smith],  £hat  according  to  her  com- 
plaint, she  hath  miscarried;  Secondly,  that  he  hath  unjustly  censured 
some  honorable  people,  among  others  some  of  the  Worshipful  Court  here, 
asserting,  as  relates  to  the  agreement  between  him  and  Jan  van  Hoesem, 
that  they  had  written  a  falsehood ;  Thirdly,  having  been  quietly  spoken 
to  about  the  purchase  of  two  beasts,  he  entering  the  house,  called  out 
that  he  had  a  knife  in  his  sleeve,  and  that,  if  he  were  meddled  -with,  he 
should  pay  the  Honorable  Prosecutor  with  it.  Besides,  being  summoned 
on  account  of  these  enormities,  he  did  openly  insult  the  Honorable  Prose- 
cutor here,  saying,  'I  must  bury  you;  I  am  summoned  before  the  court; 
I  must  hang.'  Moreover  have  we  been  assured  by  trustworthy  persons, 
'that  he  hath  said  to  certain  females  who  were  proceeding  to  partake  of 
the  Lord's  Supper,  'Is  it  a  bit  of  bread  you  want?  Come  to  my  house 
and  I'll  give  you  a  whole  loaf;'  and  divers  other  things.  [On  being 
asked  his  age,  '  to  the  contempt  of  the  court,  he  said  he  was  about  twenty- 
one,  though  it  is  known  to  us  that  he  is  at  least  seventy  years  of  age.] 
WHEREFORE,  he  being  a  blasphemer,  a  street-scold,  a  murderer  as  far  as 
his  intentions  are  concerned,  a  defamer,  a  contemner  of  law  and  justice, 
and  a  disturber  of  the  public  peace,  their  Worships  of  the  court  aforesaid 
have  adjudged  and  sentenced,  as  they  do  hereby  sentence  and  adjudge, 
that  the  aforesaid  sentence  of  banishment  shall  stand  fast,  and  he  Willem 
Juriaensen,  is  hereby  banished  out  the  district  and  jurisdiction  of  this 
colonie,  from  now  henceforth  and  forever,  to  leave  by  the  first  vessel,  and 
never  more  to  return,  on  pain  of  corporal  punishment:  all  with  costs  of 
court.  Thus  sentenced,  £c.,  in  College,  this  18th  July,  1650,  to  the 
knowledge  of  me,  "A.  DE  HOOGES,  Secretary. 

"27th  July,  1650.  Resolved,  that  Willem  Juriaensen  shall  be  con- 
veyed on  board  of  Rutger  Jacobsen,  and  then  released,  Rutger  Jacobsen 
promising  to  give  him  a  passage  in  his  yacht  to  the  Manhattans." 


Streets,  Lanes,  Alleys,  fyc.  27 

Franklin  St.,  from  Lydius  to  southern  boundary,  1st  east  South  Pearl. 

Fulton  street,  from  Lydius  to  Plain,  1st  west  South  Pearl. 

Gansevoort  St.,  from  river  to  western  boundary,  southernmost  street. 

Grand  street,  from  Beaver  to  Arch. 

Hawk  street,  from  northern  to  southern  boundary,  1st  west  Eagle. 

Hamilton  street,  from  river  to  western  boundary,  1st  north  Lydius. 

Hare  street,  from  head  of  Orange  to  western  boundary. 

Herkimer  street,  from  river  to  South  Pearl. 

Howard  street,  from  South  Pearl  to  Eagle,  1st  south  State. 

Hudson  street,  from  river  to  western  boundary. 

Hudson  Square,  fronts  on  Washington,  Partridge  and  Ontario. 

High  street,  from  State  to  Lydius,  2d  west  Eagle. 

Jackson  street,  from  Colonie  to  Spencer,  1st  east  Broadway. 

James  street,  from  State  to  Columbia,  1st  west  do. 

Jay  street,  from  Eagle  to  Lark,  3d  south  Stale. 

John  street,  from  river  to  Franklin,  1st  north  Ferry. 

Jefferson  street,  from  Eagle  to  Delaware  Square,  1st  south  Lydius. 

Knox  street,  from  Elk  to  southern  boundary,  1st  west  Lark. 

Lark  street,  from  southern  boundary  to  Patroon,4th  west  Eagle. 

Lawrence  street,  from  river  to  Broadway,  1st  north  canal  basin. 

Lewis  Alley,  from  Grand  west. 

Lumber  street,  from  river  to  western  boundary,  3d  south  canal  basin. 

Lydius  street,  from  river  to  western  boundary. 

Lancaster  street,  from  Eagle  to  western  boundary,  2d  south  State. 

Lodge  street,  from  Beaver  to  Columbia,  2d  west  North  Pearl. 

Liberty  street,  from  Hudson  to  Lydius,  1st  west  Broadway. 

Maiden  Lane,  from  river  to  Eagle,  1st  north  State. 

Mercer  street,  from  Delaware  turnpike  to  Alms  House  Square. 

Montgomery  street,  from  Steuben  to  northern  boundary. 

Morris  street,  from  Delaware  Square  to  northern  boundary. 

Morton  street,  from  Clinton  to  Dove. 

Mulberry  street,  from  river  to  Franklin,  3d  south  Lydius. 

North  Ferry  street,  from  Bath  ferry  to  Broadway. 

North  Lansing  street,  from  river  to  Broadway,  2d  south  canal  basin. 

North  Pearl  street,  from  Slate  to  northern  boundary. 

North  Square,  fronts  on  Lark,  Canal,  Knox  and  Elk. 

Norton  street,  (late  Store  Lane,)  from  Green  to  South  Pearl. 

Nucella  street,  from  river  to  Gansevoort. 

Ontario  street,  northern  to  southern  boundary,  2d  west  Alms  House. 

Orange  street,  from  river  to  Hare,  4lh  north  State. 

Park  street,  from  State  to  Lancaster,  1st  west  Eagle. 

Partridge  street,  from  southern  boundary  to  Schenectady  turnpike. 

Patroon  street,  from  Broadway  to  western  boundary,  6th  north  State. 

Perry  street,  beginning  at  Alms  House  Square,  southern  to  northern 

boundary. 
Pier,  runs  from  foot  of  Hamilton,  north  4323  feet,  and  80  feet  broad 

to  the  foot  of  Lawrence  street,  forming  a  basin  of  an  area  of  32  and 

1-lOth  acres. 

Pine  street,  from  Chapel  to  Eagle,  2d  north  of  State. 
Philip  street,  from  Lydius  to  Hudson,  3d  west  South  Pearl. 
Plain  street,  from  South  Pearl  to  Philip,  1st  south  Hudson. 
Pleasant  street,  from  Western  to  Schenectady  turnpike. 
Plumb  street,  from  river  to  Franklin,  1st  south  Bassett. 


28  Wards. 

Providence  street,  from  Delaware  turnpike  to  Alms  House  Square. 

Quackenbush  street,  from  river  to  Broadway. 

Quail  street,  from  northern  to  southern  boundary,  1st  west  Alms  House. 

Quay  street,  along  the  dock,  from         "  to  Orange  street. 

Kensselaer  street,  from  river  to  South  Pearl,  2d  south  Ferry. 

Robin  street,  from  Alms  House  Square  to  Washington,  1st  west  Snipe. 

Rose  street,  from  Hamilton  to  Lydius,  1st  west  Green. 

Sand  street,  from  Lark  to  western  boundary. 

Schuyler  street,  from  river  to  Clinton,  4th  south  Ferry. 

Second  street,  from  Ten  Broeck  to  western  boundary. 

South  Lansing  street,  from  river  to  Franklin,  1st  south  Herkimer. 

South  Pearl  street,  from  State  to  Gansevoort. 

Spencer  street,  from  river  to  Broadway,  1st  south  Lumber. 

Spruce  street,  from  Eagle  to  Lark,  1st  north  Elk. 

State  street,  from  river  to  western  boundary. 

Steuben  street,  from  river  to  Eagle,  2d  north  State. 

Snipe  street,  beginning  at  Alms  House,  to  northern  boundary. 

Swan  street,  from  southern  to  northern  boundary,  2d  west  Eagle. 

Ten  Broeck  street,  from  Patroon  to  Colonie,  1st  west  North  Pearl. 

Third  street,  from  Ten  Broeck  to  western  boundary. 

Union  street,  from  Lydius  to  Hudson,  2d  west  Broadway. 

Van  Tromp  street,  from  Broadway  to  North  Pearl,  1st  n.  Columbia. 

Van  Schaack  street,  from  North  Pearl  to  Cross,  1st  west  Canal. 

Van  Woert  street,  from  Broadway  to  western  boundary. 

Van  Zandt  street,  from  South  Pearl  to  Philip,  1st  north  Lydius. 

Vine  street,  from  river  to  Franklin,  south  Nucella. 

"Warren  street,  from  Eagle  to  Alms  House  Square,  2d  south  Ferry. 

Washington  St.,  from  Academy  and  Capitol  Parks  to  western  boundary. 

Washington  Square,  fronts  on  Stale.  Knox,  Lydius  and  Willett. 

Water  street,  from  northern  boundary  to  Steubea,  1st  west  Quay. 

Westerlo  street,  from  river  to  Delaware  Square,  2d  south  Lydius. 

William  street,  from  Hudson  to  Howard,  1st  west  South  Pearl. 

Wilson  street,  from  Broadway  to  Ten  Broeck,  1st  south  Lumber. 

Willett  street,  from  State  to  Lydius,  1st  west  Lark. 

Yates  street,  from  Delaware  Square  to  western  boundary. 


AN  ACT 

For  the  Division  and  Equalization  of  the  Wards  of  the  City  of  Al- 
bany ,  and  for  other  purposes.     Passed  March  3Qth,  1841. 

FIRST  WARD. — Beginning  at  a  point  where  the  south  bounds  of  the 
city  intersect  the  west  line  of  Rensselaer  street;  thence  running  north 
along  the  east  bounds  of  the  city  to  a  point  opposite  the  centre  of  Arch 
street;  thence  westerly  through  the  centre  of  Arch  street  to  the  cen. 
tre  of  Hallenbake  street;  thence  northerly  through  the  centre  of  Hal- 
lenbake  street  to  the  centre  of  ^rch  street  from  the  west;  thence  westerly 
through  the  centre  of  Arch  street  to  the  centre  of  Eagle  street;  thence 
southerly  through  the  centre  of  Eagle  street  to  the  south  bounds  of  the 
city;  thence  easterly  along  said  south  bounds  to  the  place  of  beginning. 


Wards.  29 

SECOND  WARD. — Beginning  at  the  intersection  of  the  centre  of  Arch 
street  with  the  east  bounds  of  the  city,  and  running  thence  northerly 
along  the  said  bounds  of  the  city  to  a  point  opposite  the  centre  of  Her- 
kiraer  street;  thence  westerly  along  the  centre  of  Herkimer  street  to  the 
centre  of  Pearl  street:  thence  southerly  along  the  centre  of  Pearl  street 
to  the  centre  of  Westerlo  street;  thence  westerly  along  the  centre  of 
Westerlo  street  to  the  centre  of  Hallenbake  street;  thence  northerly 
along  the  centre  of  Hallenbake  street  to  the  centre  of  Westerlo  street 
from  the  west;  thence  westerly  along  the  centre  of  Westerlo  street  to 
the  centre  of  Eagle  street;  thence  southerly  along  the  centre  of  Eagle 
street  to  the  centre  of  Arch  street;  thence  easterly  along  the  centre  of 
Arch  street  to  the  centre  of  Hallenbake  street;  thence  southerly  along 
the  centre  of  Hallenbake  street  to  the  centre  of  Arch  street  from  the 
east;  thence  easterly  along  the  centre  of  Arch  street  to  the  east  bounds 
of  the  city  and  place  of  beginning. 

THIRD  WARD. — Beginning  at  a  point  in  the  easterly  bounds  of  the 
city  opposite  the  centre  of  Herkimer  street,  and  running  thence  northerly 
along  said  east  bounds  to  a  point  opposite  the  centre  of  Hamilton  street; 
thence  westerly  along  the  centre  of  Hamilton  street  to  the  centre  of  Eagle 
street;  thence  southerly  along  the  centre  of  Eagle  street  to  the  centre  of 
Westerlo  street;  thence  easterly  along  the  centre  of  Westerlo  street  to 
the  centre  of  Hallenbake  street;  thence  southerly  along  the  centre  of 
Hallenbake  street  to  the  centre  of  Westerlo  street  from  the  east;  thence 
easterly  through  the  centre  of  Weslerlo  street  to  the  centre  of  Pearl 
street;  thence  northerly  through  the  centre  of  Pearl  street  to  the  centre 
of  Herkimer  street;  thence  easterly  along  the  centre  of  Herkimer  street 
to  the  place  of  beginning. 

FOURTH  WARD, '—Beginning  at  a  point  in  the  east  bounds  of  the  city 
opposite  the  centre  of  Hamilton  street,  and  running  thence  northerly 
along  said  east  bounds  to  a  point  opposite  the  centre  of  State  street 
bridge;  thence  westerly  through  the  centre  of  State  street  bridge  and 
State  street  to  the  centre  of  Eagle  street;  thence  southerly  along  the  cen- 
tre of  Eagle  street  to  the  centre  of  Hamilton  street;  thence  easterly  along 
the  centre  of  Hamilton  street  to  the  east  bounds  of  the  city  and  place  of 
beginning. 

FIFTH  WARD. — Beginning  at  a  point  in  the  east  bounds  of  the  city 
opposite  the  centre  of  State  street  bridge;  thence  running  northerly  along 
said  east  bounds  to  a  point  opposite  the  centre  of  Columbia  street  bridge; 
thence  westerly  along  the  centre  of  said  bridge  and  of  Columbia  street 
to  the  centre  of  Pearl  street;  thence  northerly  along  the  centre  of  Pearl 
street  to  the  centre  of  Fox  street;  thence  westerly  along  the  centre  of 
Fox  street  to  the  centre  of  a  street  thirty-six  Ryland  feet  in  width,  and 
leading  from  Fox  to  Spruce  streets;  thence  southerly  through  the  cen- 
tre of  said  street  to  the  centre  of  Spruce  street;  thence  easterly  through 
the  centre  of  Spruce  street  to  the  centre  of  Eagle  street;  thence  southerly 
through  the  centre  of  Eagle  street  to  the  centre  of  State  street;  thence 
easterly  along  the  centre  of  State  street  and  of  the  State  street  bridge  to 
the  east  bounds  of  the  city  and  place  of  beginning. 

SIXTH  WARD. — Beginning  at  a  point  in  the  east  bounds  of  the  city 
opposite  the  centre  of  the  Columbia  street  bridge,  and  running  thence 
northerly  along  said  east  bounds  to  a  point  opposite  the  centre  of  Lum- 
ber street;  thence  westerly  along  the  centre  of  Lumber  street  to  the  cen- 
tre of  Ten  Broeck  street;  thence  southerly  along  the  centre  of  Ten  Broeck 


30  Wards. 

street  to  the  centre  of  Patroon  street;  thence  easterly  along  the  centre  of 
Patroon  street  to  the  centre  of  Chapel  street;  thence  southerly  along  the 
centre  of  Chape!  street  to  the  centre  of  Canal  street;  thence  easterly  along 
the  centre  of  Canal  street  to  the  centre  of  Pearl  street;  thence  southerly 
along  the  centre  of  Pearl  street  to  the  centre  of  Columbia  street;  thence 
easterly  along  the  centre  of  Columbia  street  and  the  Columbia  street 
bridge  to  the  east  bounds  of  the  city  and  place  of  beginning. 

SEVENTH  WARD. — Beginning  at  a  point  in  the  east  bounds  of  the  city 
opposite  the  centre  of  Lumber  street,  and  running  thence  northerly  along 
the  east  bounds  of  the  city  until  it  strikes  a  point  opposite  a  red  cedar 
post  with  brick  around  it,  standing  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Hudson  river, 
which  post  is  distant  twenty-two  chains  and  thirty-six  links  from  the 
south-east  corner  of  the  storehouse  of  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer,  on  a 
course,  north  forty  degrees  and  twenty  minutes  west;  thence  westerly  to 
the  said  cedar  post;  thence  north  forty-eight  degrees  west  to  the  west 
bounds  of  the  late  town  of  Colonie;  thence  southerly  along  said  west 
bounds  to  the  centre  of  Lumber  street;  thence  easterly  along  the  centre 
of  Lumber  street  to  the  east  bounds  of  the  city  and  place  of  beginning. 

EIGHTH  WARD. — Beginning  at  the  intersection  of  the  centre  of  Canal 
and  Chapel  streets;  thence  running  northerly  along  the  centre  of  Chapel 
to  the  centre  of  Patroon  street;  thence  westerly  along  the  centre  of  Pa- 
troon street  to  the  centre  of  Ten  Broeck  street;  thence  northerly  along 
the  centre  of  Ten  Broeck  street  to  the  centre  of  Lumber  street;  thence 
westerly  along  the  centre  of  Lumber  street  to  the  west  bounds  of  the 
late  town  of  Colonie;  thence  southerly  along  said  west  bounds  to  the 
centre  of  Patroon  street;  thence  easterly  along  the  centre  of  Patroon 
street  to  the  centre  of  Lark  street;  thence  southerly  along  the  centre  of 
Lark  street  to  the  centre  of  Spruce  street;  thence  easterly  along  the  cen- 
tre of  Spruce  street  to  the  centre  of  a  street  leading  from  Spruce  to  Canal 
streets,  of  thirty-six  Ryland  feet  in  width;  thence  northerly  along  the 
centre  of  said  street  to  the  centre  of  Canal  street;  thence  easterly  along 
the  centre  of  Canal  street  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

NINTH  WARD. — Beginning  at  the  intersection  of  Eagle  and  State 
streets,  and  running  thence  northerly  along  the  centre  of  Eagle  street  to 
the  centre  of  Spruce  street;  thence  westerly  along  the  centre  of  Spruce 
street  to  the  centre  of  Lark  street;  thence  northerly  along  the  centre  of 
Lark  street  to  the  centre  of  Patroon  street;  thence  westerly  along  the 
centre  of  Patroon  street  to  the  west  bounds  of  the  late  town  of  Colonie; 
thence  southerly  to  the  south  side  of  Patroon  street;  thence  westerly 
along  the  north  range  of  the  city  to  the  west  bounds  thereof;  thence 
southerly  along  said  west  bounds  to  the  centre  of  Lydius  street;  thence 
easterly  along  the  centre  of  Lydius  street  to  the  centre  of  Main  Avenue; 
thence  northerly  through  the  centre  thereof  to  the  centre  of  State  street; 
thence  easterly  along  the  centre  of  State  street  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

TENTH  WARD. — Beginning  at  the  intersection  of  the  centre  of  Eagle 
street  with  the  south  bounds  of  the  city,  and  running  thence  north  through 
the  centre  of  Eagle  street  to  the  centre  of  State  street;  thence  westerly 
through  the  centre  of  State  street  to  the  centre  of  Main  avenue;  thence 
southerly  through  the  centre  of  Main  avenue  to  the  centre  of  Lydius 
street;  thence  westerly  along  the  centre  of  Lydius  street  to  the  west 
bounds  of  the  city;  thence  southerly  along  said  west  bounds  to  the  south 
bounds  of  the  city;  thence  easterly  along  said  south  bounds  to  the  place 
of  beginning. 


Banks.  31 

BANKS. 

The  banks  are  open  every  day  in  the  year,  from  ten  A.  M.  to  two  p. 
M.,  except  Sundays  and  holidays.  The  interest  for  discount  in  the  banks 
in  this  city,  is  fixed  at  7  per  centum  per  annum.  Three  days  of  grace 
are  allowed,  and  the  discount  taken  for  the  same.  Every  bill  or  note 
offered  for  discount,  must  be  delivered  the  day  preceding:  the  day  of  dis- 
count. Bills  or  notes  lodged  at  the  banks  for  collection,  when  protested 
for  non-payment,  the  person  lodging  the  same  pays  the  charge  of  pro- 
test.  Deposits  of  money,  or  notes  for  collection,  must  be  entered  in 
dealer's  book  at  the  time  of  deposit.  No  interest  allowed  on  deposits. 

BANK  OF  ALBANY,  No.  42  State  street:  incorporated  April  10,  1792; 
charter  expires  in  1855;  capital,  $240,000;  shares,  $30  each;  dividends, 
May  and  November;  discount  day,  Thursday.  Jacob  H.  Ten  Eyck,  pre- 
sident; Jellis  Winne,  jr.,  cashier;  J.  H.  Ten  Eyck,  Teunis  Van  Vechten, 
Harmon  Pumpelly.  Henry  Bleecker,  Volkert  P.  Douw,  William  Walch, 
Benjamin  Tibbitts.  David  Newland.  J.  Winne,  jr.,  Andrew  D.  Lansing, 
Daniel  Cady,  directors;  E.  R.  Phelps,  teller;  N.  Bleecker,  jr.,  book- 
keeper; John  Sill,  discount  clerk;  Charles  Lansing  and  Henry  Wilkin- 
son, clerks. 

Reminiscences.—  A  great  many  projects  were  on  foot  in  the  year  1792.  The  capi- 
talists were  eager  for  a  bank,  and  a  meeting:  was  called  on  the  3d  of  February,  at  Lewis's 
Tavern,  (south  side  of  State  street,  corner  Pearl,)  to  discuss  the  subject.  There  was  at 
this  time,  it  is  believed,  but  one  bank  in  the  state,  the  Bank  of  Few  York,  the  stock  of 
which  was  fifty  per  cent,  above  par.  It  was  decided  that  the  interests  of  the  northern 
part  of  the  state  required  the  location  of  a  bank  at  Albany.  Some  one  writing  for  the 
newspapers,  confidently  asserted  that  a  hundred  thousand  dollars  would  be  Kubscribed  in 
a  few  hours  in  the  city  alone;  but  it  was  libernlly  resolved  that  the  neighboring  places 
should  be  permitted  to  share  in  the  honors  and  emoluments  of  the  enterprise.  At  a  subse- 
quent meeting,  the  outlines  of  a  plan  for  the  establishment  of  a  bank  were  piesented.  The 
name  of  the  institution  to  be  The  Albany  Bank;  the  capital,  $75,f>00,  to  be  divided  into 
500  shares,  of  8150  each:  $15  to  be  paid  on  subscribing,  and  the  remainder  in  three  in- 
stalments ;  13  directors  to  constitute  the  board,  9  of  whom  to  be  residents  of  the  city. 
Jeremiah  Van  Ren*selaer,  Jacob  Vanderheyden,  and  Barent  Bleecker,  were  to  open  the 
books  for  subscriptions  in  the  week  following,  and  to  close  them  as  soon  as  five  hundred 
shares  should  be  subscribed.  Accordingly  the  committee  opened  the  books  on  the  17th 
of  February,  and  the  stock  was  overrun  in  amount  in  less  than  three  hours  Alter  the 
books  were  closed,  offers  of  10  per  cent,  advance  were  made  on  the  stock,  and  on  Satur- 
day, the  day  following,  it  rose  to  one  hundred  per  cent.  cash.  Application  was  immedi- 
ately made  to  the  legislature  for  a  charter,  and  as  the  prospect  of  its  being  granted  was 
more  or  less  doubtful  during  the  progress  of  the  bill,  the  price  of  the  stock  rose  r,r  fell, 
creating  no  little  excitement  and  speculation  in  this  quiet  region,  where  stock  transac- 
tions were  quite  a  novelty.  At  one  lime  it  is  said  to  have  stood  at  $100  premium  on  a 
share  upon  which  only  $15  had  been  paid.  Sit-phen  Van  Rensselaer  was  elected  presi- 
dent. Towards  the  close  of  the  session  the  act  of  incorporation  became  a  law.  The 
first  election  of  directors  was  held  on  the  12th  of  June,  at  the  City  Tavern,  and  resulted 
as  follows:  Abraham  Ten  Broeck,  Cornelius  Glen,  Stephen  Van  Kensselaer,  Jeremiah 
Van  Rensselaer,  John  Maley,  Abraham  \  an  Vechten,  Henry  Cuyler,  John  Stevenson, 
James  Caldwell,  Jacob  Vandei  heyden,  Goldsbrow  Banvar,  Daniel  Hale,  Elkanah  W  at- 
son.  At  a  meeting  of  the  directors  thus  chosen,  Abraham  Ten  Hroeck  was  elected  pre- 
sident. The  bank  was  opened  for  deposits  on  the  16th  of  July,  and  began  to  discount  on 
the  17th.  The  rate  of  interest  was  6  per  cent.  In  September  notice  was  given  that  notes 
of  45  davs  only  would  be  discounted.  'I  he  act  of  incorporation  limited  the  capital  stock 
to  S'260,000;  each  share  to  be  400  Spanish  milled  dollars,  or  its  equivalent  This  did  not 
exhaust  the  idle  capital,  and  those  who  were  unable  to  get  bank  stock,  proposed  to  build 
an  aqueduct.  Whether  they  designed  to  throw  cold  water  on  the  farmer  project  does  not 
appear,  but  it  will  be  allowed  that  their  scheme  promised  to  furnish  an  equally  useful 
circulating  medium. 

In  1797  a  report  was  published  in  the  New  Vork  papers  that  the  Albany  Bank  had  fail- 
ed, on  account  of  the  great  influx  of  counterfeits  of  its  own  bills.  The  bank  had  now 
been  in  operation  five  years,  aiid  there  bad  not  yet  been  a  counterfeit  discovered.  Its  af- 


32  Banks. 

fairs  appear  to  have  been  managed  with  great  prudence  and  considerable  ability,  and  in 
proportion  to  its  capita],  possessed  more  specie  than  any  other  bank  in  the  country.  The 
current  price  of  its  stock  was  from  45  to  50  per  cent,  above  par.  The  banking  house  was 
originally  located  in  Pearl  street,  and  afterwards  removed  to  the  building  next  to  the 
Mansion  House  on  the  south;  in  February,  1S10,  it  was  removed  to  the  north  rast  corner 
of  State  and  Court  streets,  the  present  *ite  of  the  Exchange;  and  when  the  latter  building 
was  erected,  the  bank  was  removed  to  No.  42  State  street,  where  it  now  remains. 

NEW  YORK  STATE  BANK,  No.  69  State  street:  incorporated  in  1803  ; 
charter  expires  in  1851 ;  capital,  $369,000;  shares,  $28;  dividends,  5  per 
cent,  serni-annually,  in  March  and  September;  discount  day,  Monday. 
Rufus  H.  Kins:,  president;  J.  B.  Plumb,  cashier;  Rufus  H.  King,  G.  Y. 
Lansing,  JoefRathbone,  M.  T.  Reynolds,  William  Adams,  R.  Boyd,  P. 
Gansevoort,  W.  E.  Bleecker,  W.  C.  Miller,  L.  Chapin,  J.  B.  Plumb,  A. 
Mclntyre,  directors;  H.  A.  Allen,  teller;  John  S.  Leake  and  H.  S.  Lan- 
sing, book-keepers;  John  H.  Van  Antwerp,  corresponding  clerk;  William 
McHarg  and  John  Strother,  clerks;  Isaac  Fondey  and  James  A.  Chest- 
ney,  western  department. 

Reminiscences, — This  bank  was  incorporated  with  a  capital  of  $460,000.  At  a  meeting 
of  the  directors  on  the  25th  of  March,  1803,  John  Taylor  was  chosen  president,  and  John 
W.  Yales  cashier.  It  commenced  business  on  Wednesday,  Sept.  7;  banking  hours  from 
9  to  12,  and  from  2  to  4.  Notes  offered  for  discount  were  to  be  drawn  payable  at  the  bank, 
unless  the  drawer  resided  in  the  city  of  Albany  or  New  York.  Discounts  were  made  for 
86  days.  In  December  the  bank  altered  its  hours  of  business,  opening  at  9,  and  closing 
at  2.  On  the  10th  of  May,  1904,  they  commenced  business  in  their  new  banking  house, 
where  they  have  ever  since  continued.  By  the  act  of  incorporation,  the  comptroller,  to- 
gether with  John  Taylor,  Thomas  Tillotson,  Abraham  G.  Lansing,  Peter  Gansevoort, 
Jr.,  Elkanah  Watson,  John  R.  Rleecker,  Francis  Bloodgood,  John  Robinson,  Gilbert 
Stewart,  John  D.  P.  Douw,  Richard  Lush,  and  Thomas  Mather,  were  constituted  the 
first  directors.  The  business  was  to  be  confined  to  the  city  of  Albany,  the  rate  of  inte- 
rest to  be  6  per  cent.,  and  the  state  reserved  the^right  of  subscribing  3000  shares. 

MECHANICS' AVD  FARMERS'  BANK,  corner  of  Broadway  and  Exchange 
street:  incorporated  in  1811;  charter  expires  in  1853;  capital,  $442,000; 
shares,  $17;  dividends,  semi-annually,  in  May  and  November;  dis- 
count days,  Tuesdays  and  Fridays.  Thomas  W.  Olcott,  president; 
Samuel  S.  Fowler,  vice-president;  Edward  E.  Kendrick,  cashier;  Thos. 
W.  Olcott,  Samuel  S.  Fowler.  Friend  Humphrey,  Henry  Newman,  Jameg 
Kidd,  Lemuel  Steele,  Thomas  Hillhouse,  Hugh  Humphrey  Harmanus 
Bleecker,  W.  W.  Forsyth,  James  B.  Jermain,  Robert  Shepherd,  directors; 
Thomas  Olcott,  teller;  O.  M.  Beach,  second  teller;  Theodore  Olcott,  2d, 
third  teller;  Constantine  Kowalski,  general  book-keeper;  William  Mc- 
Hench,  discount  clerk;  James  A.  Pratt,  entry  clerk;  Edmund  Winne, 
clerk;  John  F.  Jenkins,  notary;  John  Highland,  porter;  T.  W.  Olcott, 
pension  agent;  Lemuel  Jenkins  and  Robert  Shepherd,  accountants. 

Reminiscences. — The  history  of  the  origin  and  infancy  of  this  institution,  would  be 
quite  interesting  to  the  present  generation,  since  there  were  some  phases  in  banking  ope- 
rations at  that  remote  period,  which  are  unknown  now.  The  capital  stock  was  limited 
to  600,000  dollnrs.  The  first  election  for  directors  was  held  on  Monday,  June  1,  1812. 
It  seems  to  have  been  very  generally  understood  among  the  stockholders  for  some  time 
previous,  that  two  federalists  should  be  admitted  into  the  board,  tho  directors  named  in 
the  law  being  all  democrats;  but  wl  ose  seats  should  be  vacated  for  their  admission,  was 
not  so  easily  agreed  upon.  The  election  opened  at  10  o'clock,  at  the  Columbian  Hotel, 
in  Court  street,  and  was  continued  to  a  late  hour  in  the  afternoon.  It  was  a  warm  and 
animated  contest,  and  finally  resulted  in  the  election  of  the  following:  Solomon  South- 
wick,  president;  Benjamin  Knowcr,  Elisha  Dorr,  Isaac  Denniston,  Benjamin  Van  Ben- 
Ihuysen,  William  Fowler,  George  Merchant,  Thomas  Lennington,  Giles  W.  Porter, 
Willard  Walker,  Walter  Weed,  Peter  Boyd  and  Isaac  Hutton.  The  two  latter  were 
elected  in  the  place  of  Spencer  Stafford  and  John  Bryan.  Of  that  board  it  is  believed 
there  are  three  or  four  survivors.  At  the  next  annual  election  Isaac  Hutton  was  elected 
president,  and  the  direction  consisted  of  Thomas  Lennington,  Peter  Boyd,  Benjamin 


Banks.  33 

Knower,  Russell  Forsyth,  William  Fowler,  William  Boyd,  Elisha  Dorr,  Walter  Weed, 
Giles  W.  Porter,  Benjamin  Van  Benthuysen,  Charles  E.  Dudley  and  Thomas  Herring. 
This  bank  has  ever  been  conducted  with  signal  ability  and  success. 

COMMERCIAL  BANK,  No  40  State  street:  incorporated  in  1825;  charter 
expired  in  1847,  and  the  institution  is  now  under  the  general  banking 
law;  capital,  $300,000;  shares,  $20;  dividends,  July  and  January; 
discount  days,  Mondays  and  Thursdays.  John  Townsend,  president; 
John  L.  Schoolcraft,  vice-president;  James  Taylor,  cashier;  John  Town- 
send,  J.  L.  Schoolcraft,  John  Gott,  James  Homer,  Augustus  James, 
Giles  Sanford,  James  D.  Wasson.  Robert  H.  Pruyn,  Andrew  White, 
Anthony  M.  Strong,  Anthony  Gould,  William  C.  Durant;  John  B.  Was- 
son, teller;  Frederick  S.  Pease,  book-keeper;  George  C.  Lee,  Charles 
Lansing,  James  G.  Stafford,  clerks;  John  F.  Batchelder,  discount  and 
Savings  Bank  clerk. 

Reminiscences — On  the  20th  of  October,  1813,  John  Bogart,  George  Webster,  E.  F. 
Backus,  Joseph  H.  Webb  and  Vinal  Luce  gave  notice  of  application  to  ihe  legislature 
for  a  charter  to  incorporate  the  Albany  Commercial  Bank,  with  a  capital  of  81, 250,000. 
The  banking  capital  of  the  state  was  at  this  time  £20,350  000,  exclusive  of  9810,000  which 
the  state  reserved  the  privilege  of  subscribing;  making  an  aggregate  $21,160,000.  Noticed 
of  application  were  now  given  for  eighteen  more  hanks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $15,- 
250,000.  Three  of  these  were  from  Albany,  viz.:  the  Merchants'  Hank,  Commercial 
Bank,  and  North  River  Bank;  in  New  York,  Millers'  Bank,  Grocers'  Bark,  Commission 
Company,  Coal  Company,  Patent  Cloth  Manufacturing  Company,  Nortii  River  Compa- 
ny, Vermont  Mining  and  Smelting  Company;  also  one  at  Utica,  Schenectady,  Johnstown, 
Cooperstown,  Auburn,  Canandaigua,  Geneva  and  Oxford,  No  bank,  however,  was 
chartered  in  Albany  until  1825,  when  the  Commercial  Bank  went  into  operation,  having 
no  connection  with  the  one  above  contemplated  The  present  bauk  has  at  different  times 
lost  nearly  the  whole  amount  of  its  capital  by  peculation,  but  by  extraordinary  good  ma- 
nagement recovered  itself  again,  and  enjoys  a  high  reputation  for  its  soundness  and  tbo 
ability  of  its  officers. 

CANAL  BANK,  No.  40  State  street:  incorporated  in  1829;  charter  ex- 
pires in  1854;  capital,  $300,000;  shares,  $20.  This  bank  failed  in  July, 
1848,  the  first  bank  failure  in  Albany,  and  its  affairs  are  in  the  hands  of 
a  receiver. 

ALBANY  CITY  BANK,  No.  47  State  street:  incorporated  in  1834;  char- 
ter expires  in  1864;  capital,  $500,000;  shares,  $100;  dividends,  April  and 
October;  discount  days,  Tuesdays  and  Fridays.  Eraslus  Corning,  pre- 
sident; Watts  Sherman,  cashier;  Erastus  Corning,  Ellis  Baker,  Martin 
Van  Alstyne,  Bradford  R.  Wood,  William  Seymour,  John  V.  L.  Pruyn, 
John  Knower,  James  M.  Cook.  Watts  Sherman,  William  Smith.  William 
Humphrey,  H.  H.  Martin,  Eli  Perry, directors;  C.L.  Garfield,  teller;  D. 
W.  C.Rice  and  John  T.  Marshall,  book-keepers;  Isaac  Fondey,  discount 
clerk  and  notaryp  ublic;  Simeon  J.  Leake,  corresponding  clerk;  T.  A. 
Knower,  in  western  department;  Jacob  Downing,  jr.,  Dudley  Van  Vliet, 
F.  Van  Vliet  and Story,  clerks. 

ALBANY  EXCHANGE  BANK,  No.  3  Exchange  Building:  certificates 
filed  December  11,  1838,  to  continue  662  years;  capital  $311.100,  with 
privilege  to  increase  to  $10,0  0,000;  dividends,  January  and  July;  dis- 
count days,  Tuesdays  and  Fridays.  George  W.  Stanton,  president; 
Noah  Lee,  cashier;  George  W.  Stanton,  Samuel  Stevens,  James  Me- 
Naughton,  John  Taylor,  Oliver  Steele,  John  M  Newton,  Ichabod  L. 
Judson,  Samuel  Pruyn,  Galen  Batchelder,  Gaylor  Sheldon,  L.  G.  Tay- 
lor, William  McElroy,  F.  J.  Barnard,  directors;  Andrew  McElroy  teller  ; 
Joseph  M.  Lovelt,  bookkeeper;  Wm.  H.  Lee,  discount  clerk;  John 
Ward,  clerk. 


34  Insurance  Companies. 

ALBANY  SAVINGS  BANK:  incorporated  in  1820 ;  being  the  oldest  in  the 
state.  Open  at  the  Commercial  Bank,  No.  40  State  street,  every  day, 
to  receive  deposits.  It  pays  an  interest  of  5  per  cent,  per  annum  to  de- 
positors, payable  half-yearly,  on  the  third  Wednesday  in  January  and 
July.  John  Townsend,  president ;  Teunis  Van  Vechten,  1st  vice-presi- 
dent; Samuel  Stevens,  2d  vice-president;  John  L.  Winne,  3d  vice  presi- 
dent ;  William  Fewton,  William  McHarg,  James  Taylor,  Rufus  H.  King, 
Jacob  H.  Ten  Eyck,  Gerrit  Y.  Lansing,  John  I.  Boyd,  Frederick  I.  Bar- 
nard, Benjamin  Tibbits,  James  Stevenson,  William  E.  Bleecker,  Robert 
H.  Pruyn,  Harmon  Pumpelly,  James  D.  Wasson,  Friend  Humphrey,  di- 
rectors ;  James  Taylor,  treasurer :  Robert  H.  Pruyn,  secretary.  Open, 
during  banking  hours,  from  10  to  2  o'clock. 


INSURANCE  COMPANIES. 

ALBANY  INSURANCE  COMPANY,  No.  56  State  street:  incorporated  March 
8,  1811;  charter  expires  1851;  capital,  $300,000;  shares,  $60.  Teunis 
VanVechten,  president;  Stephen  Groesbeck,  secretary;  Gerrit  Y.  Lan- 
sing, Rufus  H.  King,  Augustus  James,  Marcus  T.  Reynolds,  Lewis 
Benedict,  Archibald  Mclntyre,  John  Townsend,  Wm.  C.  Miller,  Henry 
Bleecker,  Jacob  H.  Ten  Eyck,  Herman  Pumpelly,  John  T.  Cooper,  di- 
rectors. 

The  original  charter  fixed  the  shares  at  8100,  and  limited  the  number  at  500.  The  di- 
rectors named  in  the  actof  incorporation  were,  Elisha  Jenkins,  Philip  S.  Van  Rensselaer, 
Isaiah  Townsend,  Dudley  Walsh,  Henry  Guest  jr.,  Charles  Z.  Plan,  Simeon  De  Witt, 
Stephen  Lush,  Chas.  D.  Cooper,  Thomas  Gould,  John  Woodworlh,  Peter  Gansevoort, 
Christian  Miller. 

FIREMEN'S  INSURANCE  COMPANY,  corner  of  State  and  Green  streets; 
Incorporated  in  1831;  charter  expires  1861;  capital,  $150,000;  shares, 
$10.  James  Stevenson,  president;  Richard  Van  Rensselaer,  secretary; 
John  Taylor,  Peter  Gansevoort,  Thomas  McElroy,  Hush  Humphrey, 
George  \V.  Stanton,  Lemuel  Steele,  Egbert  Egberts,  William  Adams, 
Lansing  Pruyn,  John  M.  Newton,  Lyman  Chapin,  Benjamin  Tibbits, 
Stephen  Van  Rensselaer,  Henry  Newman,  Gerrit  V  S.  Bleecker,  Joel 
Rathbone,  E.  P.  Prentice,  A.  E.  Brown,  Joseph  Davis,  J.  H.  Ten  Eyck, 
C.  A.  De  Forest,  Andrew  White,  S.  S.  Peck,  A.  Van  Vorst,  directors. 

MUTUAL  INSURANCE  COMPANY  OF  THE  CITY  AND  COUNTY  OF  ALBANY, 
No.  450  Broadway:  incorporated  in  1836;  charter  expires  1856.  Eras- 
tus  Corning,  president;  Matthew  Trotter,  secretary;  B.  P.  Staats,  Eli 
Perry,  Watts  Sherman,  Daniel  Fry,  H.  H.  Martin,  Giles  Sanford,  John 
Knower,  J.  G.  Cotrell,  Peter  Relyea,  Ellis  Baker,  John  Van  Valken- 
burgh,  Jared  A.  Post,  directors. 

MUTUAL  BENEFIT  LIFE  INSURANCE  COMPANY,  S.  Groesbeck,  agent, 
No.  f>6  State  street. 

AMERICAN  MUTUAL  LIFE  INSURANCE  COMPANY,  William  C.  Miller, 
agent.  No.  56  State  street. 

NATIONAL  LOAN  FUND  LIFE  ASSURANCE  SOCIETY  OF  LONDON,  Wm. 
Lacy,  agent,  Argus  Office. 

FIRE  INSURANCE  COMPANY  OF  HARTFORD,  CT.,  D.  S.  Durrie,  agent, 
Albany. 


Clergy. 


EQUITABLE  LIFE  INSURANCE,  ANNUITY  AND  TRUST  COMPANY,  L. 
Birdseye,  agent,  No.  59  State  street. 

CITY  FIEE  INSURANCE  COMPANY  or  NEW  YORK,  P.  W.  Groot,  agent, 
No.  49  State  street. 

-<£TNA  FIRE  INSURANCE  COMPANY  OF  HARTFORD,  CT.,  John  F.  Jen- 
kins, agent,  No.  7  Commercial  Buildings. 

PROTECTION  INSURANCE  COMPANY  OF  HARTFORD,  CT.,  John  F.  Jen- 
kins, agent,  No.  7  Commercial  Buildings. 

PROTECTION  INSURANCE  COMPANY  OF  NEW  JERSEY,  L.  Norton,  agent, 
No.  10  Douw's  Buildings. 

EAGLE  LIFE  AND  HEALTH  INSURANCE  COMPANY  OF  NEW  YORK,  C.  W. 
Bentley,  No.  80  Quay  street;  Wm.  C.  Schuyler,  No.  10  Douw's  Buildings; 
S.  P  Carter,  at  Wells  &  Co.'s  Express  Office,  agents. 

MUTUAL  SAFETY  INSURANCE  COMPANY  OF  NEW  YORK,  J.W.  Ford, 
agent,  No.  460  Broadway. 

LEXINGTON  FIRE  AND  MARINE  INSURANCE  COMPANY,  Heminway  8c 
Dowd,  agents,  No.  2.  Exchange,  first  floor. 

COLUMBUS  INSURANCE  COMPANY  OF  NEW  YORK,  H.  C.  Southwick. 
agent,  No.  15  Exchange,  first  floor. 

NORTH  AMERICAN  FIRE  INSURANCE  COMPANY,  S.  Groesbeck,  agent, 
No.  56  State  street. 

CAMDEN  FIRE  AND  MARINE  INSURANCE  COMPANY  OF  NEW  JERSEY, 
C.  \V.  Bentley,  agent,  No.  80  Quay  street. 

NATIONAL  FIRE  INSURANCE  COMPANY,  E.  Satterlee,  agent,  No.  61 
State  street. 

LEXINGTON  FIRE  AND  MARINE  INSURANCE  COMPANY,  agent. 

FIRE  AND  MARINE  INSURANCE  COMPANY  AT  SOMERVILLE,  Lambert 
Norton,  agent,  No.  10  Douw's  Buildings. 

HOPE  MUTUAL  LIFE  INSURANCE  COMPANY  OF  HARTFORD,  CT.,  Henry 
R.  Gosman,  agent,  No.  440  Broadway. 

NORTH  WESTERN  INSURANCE  COMPANY,  J.  W.  Ford3  agent,  No.  460 
Broadway. 


CLERGY. 

J.  W.  Belknap,  Arbor  Hill  Meth.,  J.  Miles,  Bethel, 

S.  D.  Brown,  Washingston  st.  "  S.  F.  Morrow,  Associate  Pres., 

J    N.  Campbell,  1st  Presbyterian,  J.  Newbourg,  Bethel  Jacob, 

W.  H.  Campbell,  South  Dutch,  H.  N.  Pohlman,  Evan.  Eb.  Luth., 

W.  S.  Clapp,  Green  st.  Baptist,  H.  Potter,  St.  Peter's, 

J.  Clark,  Hudson  st.  Methodist,  Wm.  Putnam,  St.  Mary's, 

J.  J.  Conroy,  Ct.  Joseph's,  T.  R.  Rawson,  City  Missionary, 

B.  M.  Hall,  Garretson  Station,  L.  A.  Sandford,  Ferry  st.  Meth., 

E.  A.  Huntington,  3d  Presbyterian,  F.  W.  Schmidt,  Ger.  Evan.  Luth., 

D.  Kennedy,  North  Dutch,  E.  Selkirk,  Trinity, 

W.  I.  Kip,  St.  Paul's,  W.  B.  Sprague,  2d  Presbyterian, 

T.  A.  Kyle,  St.  Mary's,  R.  Warren,  State  st.  Baptist, 

M.  Lawer,  German  Methodist,  B.  T.  Welch,  North  Pearl " 

J.  Lowrey,  Wesleyan     u  Barry,  South     ''      " 

B.  M.  Martin,  4th  Presbyterian,  I.  Wise,  Synagogue, 

J.  McCloskey,  bishop,  Cathedral,  I.  N.  Wyckoff,  Middle  Dutch. 

P.  McCloskey,  St.  John's, 


36 


Practicing  Attorneys. 


PRACTICING  ATTORNEYS. 


Otis  Allen, 

C.  L.  Austin, 

R.  L.  G.  Bancroft, 

D.  D.  Barnard, 
W.  Barnes, 


Nicholas  Hill,  Jr., 
Robert  J.  Hilton, 
W.  J.  D.  Hilton, 
L.  D.  Holstein, 
Thomas  D.  James, 


L.Benedict, Jr., Sur'gateCharles  M.  Jenkins, 


Lucien  Birdseye, 
A.  Blanchard, 
Charles  H.  Bramhall, 
Dudley  Burwell, 
J.  B.  Brinsmade,  Jr., 
James  Brown, 
John  I.  Burton, 
Peter  Cagger, 
J.  Callanan.  Jr., 

D.  Campbell, 
William  R   Cantine, 
William  Cassidy, 
John  Cole, 

John  A.  Collier, 
Joseph  S.  Colt, 
A.  J.  Colvin, 
S.  Daniels,  Jr., 
Amos  Dean, 

E.  F.  De  Lancey, 

E.  A.  Doolittle, 
Isaac  Edwards, 
James  Edwards, 

F.  S.  Edwards, 
M.  Fairchild, 


B.  P.  Johnson. 
R.  L.  Joice, 
N.  G.  King, 
Hale  Kingsley, 
James  L'Amoreaux, 
W.  L.  Learned, 
Charles  B    Lansing, 
L.  J.  Lansing, 
Jacob  Lansing, 
E.  C.  Litchfield, 
John  A.  Livingston, 
J.  D.  Livingston, 
H.  H.  Martin, 
H.  S.  McCall, 
W.  C.  McHarg, 
Matthew  McMahon, 
D.  McMartin, 
Orlando  Meads, 
W.  D.  Morange, 
A.  Morrell, 
John  Newland, 
Richard  H.  Northrup, 
John  Olcott, 
J.  F.  OToole, 


Wm.  W.  Frothingham,  William  S.  Paddock, 


Dennis  B.  Gaffney, 
Albert  Gallup, 
Peter  Gansevoort, 
F.  W.  Gibb, 
Stephen  Groesbeck, 
William  J.  Hadley, 


S.  Paddock,  Jr., 
Levi  H.  Palmer, 
William  Parmelee, 
S.  H.  H.  Parsons, 
George  W.  Peckham, 
R.  W.  Peckham, 


S.H.Hammond, Dis.dtty Calvin  Pepper, 


Nathan  Hawley, 
Ira  Harris, 
Hamilton  Harris, 
John  E.  Hermans, 
S.  F.  Hisgins, 
John  J.  Hill, 


Calvin  Pepper,  Jr., 
John  Percy, 
John  K.  Porter, 
John  V.  L.  Pruyn, 
Robert  H.  Pruyn, 
C.  A.  PugsJey, 
Marcus  T.  Reynolds, 


Julius  Rhoades, 
A.  D.  Robinson, 
James  R.  Rose, 
James  B.  Sanders, 
M.  Sanford, 
William  C.  Schuyler, 
George  Scoville, 
Jacob  M.  Settle, 
S.  O.  Shepherd, 
E.  J.  Sherman, 
Cyrus  Stevens, 
John  C.  Spencer, 
Samuel  Stevens, 
Alfred  B.  Street, 
J.  B.  Sturtevant, 
Azor  Taber, 
Cornelius  Ten  Broeck, 
A.  Ten  Eyck, 
M.  Trotter, 
John  J.  Tyler, 
T.  B.  Van  Buren, 
J.  S.  Van  Rensselaer, 
S.  D.  Van  Schaack, 
Teunis  Van  Vechten, 
Abraham  Van  Vechten, 
H.  C.VanVorst, 

C.  C.  Wasson, 
Robert  D.  Wasson. 
Wm.  G.  Weed, 
Robert  H.  Wells, 
J.  I.  Werner, 
Henry  G.  Wheaton, 
James  M.  Whelpley, 
A.  D.  L.  Whipple, 
William  D.  White, 
Jonas  Wickes, 
John  Q.  Wilson, 

G.  L.  Wilson, 
E.  S.  Willett, 
Bradford  R.  Wood, 

D.  Wright,  Recorder, 
Horace  Wyman, 

T.  G.  Younglove, 
Wm.  A.  Young. 


DENTISTS. 


J.  C.  Austin, 
Josephus  Brockway,  Jr., 
J.  Monroe, 
Alexander  Nelson, 
Robert  Nelson, 


David  Newcomb, 
N.  B.  Sherwood, 
S.  Van  Namee, 
U.  H.  Wheeler. 
J.  S.  Wood. 


Practicing  Physicians. 


37 


PRACTICING  PHYSICIANS. 


James  H.  Armsby, 
William  Bay, 
U.  G.  Bigelow, 
James  P.  Boyd, 
James  M.  Brown, 

Carhart. 

J.  H.  Case, 

Edward  H.  Clark, 

Mason  F.  Cogswell, 

James  Cox, 

Dr.  Curtis, 

H.  B.  Fay,  dims  House.  Physician, 

D.  E   Fonda, 

John  0.  Flagler, 

Samuel  H.  Freeman, 

Edmund  E.  W.  Gale, 

Patrick  Gannon, 

C.  C.  Griffin, 

Otto  Heinsius, 

John  W.  Hinkley, 

Thomas  Hun, 

Abel  Lyon, 

James  McNaughton, 

Peter  McNaughton, 

Alexander  McNaughton, 

Alden  March, 

Nicholas  Markey, 

David  Martin, 

John  V.  P.  Quackenbush, 


Barent  P.  Staats, 
Peter  P.  Staats, 

B.  A.  Sheldon, 
Rufus  B.  Spcrry, 
John  Swinburne, 
R.  H.  Thompson, 
John  F.  Towrnsend, 
John  H.  Trotter, 
Peter  Van  Buren, 
John  Van  Buren, 
Peter  Van  OLinda, 

C.  C.  Waller, 
Peter  Wendell, 
Herman  Wendell, 
David  Wiltsie, 
Joel  A.  Wing, 
William  I.  Young, 
E.  D.  Jones, 

J.  A.  Paine, 

Henry  D.  Paine, 

Horace  M.  Paine, 

J.  M.Ward, 

Noah  S.  Dean, 

John  Fondey, 

Andrew  W.  Russell,  }•  Botanic, 

William  B.  Stanton,   | 

Gerrit  Westervelt,    J 

George  Cooke,  Lock  Hospital, 

Dr.  Lacroix,  Lock  Dispensary. 


Hom&opalhic, 


ALBANY  CHARTER  OFFICERS. 


The  original  charter  of  the  city  of  Albany  was  granted  by  Gov.  Don- 
gan,  on  the  22d  of  July,  1686,  and  the  following  persons  were  the  first 
who  officiated  under  the  charter. 

Aldermen. 

Peter  Schuyler,  Mayor,         Dirk  Wessels, 
Isaac  Swinton,  Recorder,       Jan  Jans  Bleecker, 
Robert  Livingston,  Clerk,     David  Schuyler, 
Jan  Bleecker,  Chamberlain,  Johannis  Wendell, 

Lavinus  Van  Schaack, 
Adrian  Garretse. 

These  were  good  substantial  Dutch  burghers,  as  their  names  indicate. 
The  charter  has  undergone  important  alterations  since  that  day,  and  the 
city  councils  are  filled  with  the  descendants  of  all  nations  and  tongues 
upon  earth.  The  succession  of  mayors  from  1686  to  1848,  will  be  found 
on  page  25.  The  annual  election  takes  place  in  April,  and  the  follow, 
ing  are  the  present  city  officers,  who  hold  their  places  until  April,  1349. 


Richard  Pretty,  Sheriff, 
James  Parker,  Marshal. 


Assistant  Jlldermcn- 
Joachim  Staats, 
John  Lansing, 
Isaac  Verplanck, 
Lawrence  Van  Ale, 
Albert  Ruyckman, 
Melgert  Winantse. 


38  Officers  of  the  City  of  Albany. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  CITY  OF  ALBANY. 

Clerk— L.  D.  Holstein. 

Chamberlain — Christopher  W.  Bender. 

Deputy  Chamberlain—  H.  H.  Hickcox. 

Attorney— Hooper  C.  Van  Vorst. 

Surveyor—  George  W.  Carpenter. 

Assistant  Surveyor — Samuel  McElroy. 

Marshal — Nelson  Scovel. 

Overseer  of  the  Poor — Thomas  Kirkpatrick. 

Superintendent  of  the  dims  Hoiu>e — John  Morgan. 

Superintendent  of  the  N.  D. — David  Benson. 

Superintendent  of  the  S.  D.— Geoige  H.  Herbert. 

Police  Justices — John  O.  Cole  and  S   H.  H.  Parsons. 

Deputy  Excise  Officer- C.  W.  Bender. 

Superintendent  of  the  Markets — Jacob  Featherly. 

Chief  Engineer  of  the  Fire  Department — James  P.  Gould. 

dssiitant  Engineers — P.  B.  Leddy,  J.  Parker.  S.  P.  Winne,  R.  J.  Grant, 
G.  W.  Burdick. 

dims  House  Physician — Henry  B.  Fay. 

City  Physicians—  1st  district,  James  M.  Brown;  2d,  John  Swinburne; 
3d,  Alexander  W.  McNaughton;  4ih,  Alfred  Clark;  5th;  B.  A.  Sheldon. 

Police  Constables — George  Brainard,  EJisha  Mack  3d,  Thomas  Cowell, 
Charles  Phillips,  B.  B.  Whalen,  Robert  Nixon. 

Ciiy  Inspectors — 1st  and  2d  wards,  John  Milliman;  3d  and  4th,  Wm. 
Leggat;  5ih  and  6th,  Harmon  G.  Wynkoop;  7th  and  8th,  S.V.  A.  Hilton} 
9th  and  10th,  Richard  Bygate. 

Captains  cf  the  Night  Police — John  Vandervolgen,  Absalom  Sharp, 
Henry  Poltenburgh,  Levi  Ewing,  John  N.  Parker,  Walter  Coleman. 

Assistant  Captains — James  L.  Coley,  Nicholas  W.  Groot,  William  F, 
Peacock,  Henry  Hubbell,  Royall  Thompson,  Joseph  Coughlry. 

Inspector  of  Weights  and  Measures — Paul  C.  Barney. 

Fence  Viewers — John  Morgan,  Barent  Sanders,. 

Receiver  of  Taxes — H.  H.  Hickcox,  deputy  chamberlain. 

Supervisors—  1st  ward.  Richard  Parr;  2d,  Matthew  McMahon;  3d,  J, 
Hurdis;  4th,  Franklin  Townsend;  5th,  Wm.  White;  6th,  Samuel  Pruyn; 
7th,  George  W.  Welch;  8lh,  Oliver  Wallace;  7th,  James  A.  Tiemere; 
10th,  Adam  Van  Allen. 

Assessors — 1st  ward.  Philip  Foy;  2d,  Abraham  M.  Purdy;  3d,  James 
P.  Gould;  4th,  Cyrus  L.  Woodruff:  5th,  Levi  Chapman;  6th,  Garret  L. 
Winne;  7th,  Josiah  Patterson;  8th,  Myers  Henderer;  9th,  Sylvester 
Rathbone;  10th,  Job  R.  Borden. 

Ward  Constables — 1st  ward,  John  McDonald  ;  2d,  John  Kinney ;  3d, 
Daniel  Van  Buskirk;  4th,  Amos  Dodge;  5th,  John  R.  Peacock;  6th,  Ar- 
chibald Thompson ;  7th,  Samuel  Winchester;  8th,  FiancisBray;  9th, 
William  Pearcey;  10th,  S  V.  R.  Braytcn. 

School  Commissioners — Gerrit  V.  S.  Bleecker,  John  O.  Cole,  John 
Simpson,  Eli  Perry,  Henry  B.  Haswell,  John  O.  Flagler,  James  Maherj 
George  W.  Carpenter,  Thomas  Me  Elroy. 

•    Justices  of  the  Justices'  Court — Abraham  Morrell,   Conrad  A.  Ten 
Eyck,  David  Russell;  David  Kussell,  clerk. 

Harbor  Master — Thomas  Hillson,  Jr. 

Dock  Matter — John  L.  Hyatt. 

U.  S.  Collector  of  Customs— Albert  Gallup. 


Common  Council  and  Standing  Committees. 


COMMON 

John  Taylor,  Mayor. 
Deodatus  Wright,  Recorder. 
1st  ward — Wm.  L.  Osborn, 

Lucien  B.  Laney. 
2d  ward — George  B.  Riggs, 

John  \V.  Harcourt. 
3d  ward—  Charles  W.  Godard, 

Stephen  T.  Thorn. 
4t h ward—  George  T.  Ladue, 

Abram  Koonz. 
bthward — Henry  Bleecker, 


COUNCIL. 

James  McNaughton. 
Qlhward — J.  A.  Livingston, 

Charles  M.  Jenkins. 
lihward — John  Benson, 

William  Gillespie. 
8th  ward— P.  M.  McCall, 

John  Harrison. 
9thward — William  Gumming, 

Richard  H.  Thompson, 
Wth  ward— Michael  Artcher, 

Daniel  E.  Basselt. 


STANDING    COMMITTEES. 

.Academies  and  Schools — Thompson,  Gillespie,  Godard. 
Accounts — Bleecker.  McCall,  Thompson. 

.Applications  to  the  Legislature — McNaushton,  Harcourt,  Bleecker. 
dims  House — Artcher,  McCall,  McNaughton. 
Board  of  Health — Mayor,  Recorder,  McNaughlon,  Laney,  Riggs. 
Board  of  Magistrates— Recorder,  Livingston,  Jtnkins,  Osborn,  Har- 
rison. Cummins. 

City  Hall— Mayor,  Recorder,  Harrison,  Benson,  Bassett,  Artcher. 
Engines — Gumming,  Harrison,  Thorn. 
Fcrry-r-Thorn,  Riggs,  Lad  UP. 
Finance — Jenkins,  Lanev,  Bleecker. 

Flagging  and  Paving,  Af.  D. — Livingston,  McCall,  Bleecker. 
Flagging  and  Paving,  S   D. — Bassett,  Laney,  Koonz, 
Lamps — Koonz,  Benson,  Jenkins. 
Law — Recorder,  Osborn,  Jenkins. 
Levels — Godard,  Harcourt,  Cumminr, 
Markets — Ladue  Gillespie.  Koonz. 
Navigation — Godard,  Harcourt,  Ladue. 
Night  Po/iee— Artcher,  Osborn,  Lad'ie. 
Police — Gumming,  Harrison,  Koonz. 
Streets—  Bassett,  Rigss,  Godard. 
Wells  and  Pumps — Thompson,  Gillespie,  Thorn, 
— Livingston,  McCall,  Bleecker. 


ALBANY  GALLERY  OF  FINE  ARTS. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  elected  trustees  at  the  annual  meeting 
held  on  the  evening  of  the  1st  of  January,  viz:  John  L.  Schoolcraft,  E. 
Satterlee,  J.  McD.  Mclntyre,  Dr.  Herman  Wendell,  Wm.  W.  Forsylh, 
Orlando  Meads,  Dr.  David  Ncwcornb,  James  Kidd,  Dr.  J.  A.  .Armsby. 

ALBANY  EXCHANGE  COMPANY. 

Directors. — John  Townsend,  John  O.  Wilson,  James  McNaughton, 
Samuel  Stevens,  R.  H.  King,  Andrew  White,  Friend  Humphrey, 


40  Incorporated  Companies,  fyc. 

ALBANY  WATER  WORKS  COMPANY. 

The  officers  and  trustees  of  the  Albany  Water  Works  are  as  fol- 
lows: 


O.  Meads,  Treasurer. 
John   Meads,    Robert    Boyd,    Eli 
Perry,  Wm.  E.  Bleecker,  Deo- 


datus  Wright,  recorder  (ex  offi- 
cio),  Trustees. 


ALBANY  HYDRANT  COMPANY. 

The  following  are  the  trustees  of  this  company  for  the  year  commenc- 
ing July,  1848.  John  Townsend.  Erastus  Corning,  Watts  Sherman, 
James  D.  Wasson,  Rufus  W.  Peckham,  John  Taylor,  John  C.  Spencer. 

DE  WITT  CLINTON  ENGINE  NO.  2. 

At  an  annual  meeting  of  this  company,  held  at  their  house,  Dec.  23, 
1848,  the  following  were  the  officers  elected  for  the  ensuing  year: 


Wm.  O'Brien,  Foreman. 
Wm.  Kilbourne,  1st  Assistant. 
Peter  Donelley,  2d  Assistant. 


James  Jones,  Clerk. 
Richard  Waddy,  Steward. 


EAGLE  ENGINE  CO.  NO.  7. 

At  a  meeting  of  Eagle  Engine  No.  7,  held  December  27th,  1848,  the 
following  persons  were  elected  officers  for  the  enguing  year: 


Edward  Stevens,  Foreman. 
Julius  Tremper,  1st  Assistant. 
C.  M.  Beach,  2d  Assistant. 
L.  W.  Murray,  Clerk. 


J   S.  Harrison,  Steward. 
Edmund  Stevens,  T.  A.  Johnstone, 
Delegates  to  Fire  Department. 


NEPTUNE  ENGINE  CO.  NO.  10. 

At  a  meeting  of  Neptune  Engine  Co.  No.  10,  held  at  their  house  on 
the  evening  of  December  22,  1848,  the  following  gentlemen  were  elected 
officers  of  said  company  for  the  ensuing  year: 


Archibald  Young,  Foreman. 
Benjamin  Turner,  1st  Assistant. 
Sylvester  Lawler,  2d  Assistant. 


Samuel  N.  Payn,  Clerk. 

Jno.  Hayden,  Steward. 

Patrick  McLaughlan,  Treasurer. 


ALBANY  AND  COHOES  RAIL  ROAD  COMPANY, 
The  following  were  elected  officers  of  this  company;  M.  T.  Reynolds, 
John  L.  Schoolcraft,  E.  P.  Prentice,  James  Edwards,  Theodore  Olcolt, 
Archibald  McClure,  James  Kidd,  A.  White,  C.F.Crosby,  David  Ha- 
milton, Egbert  Egberts,  Wm.  N.  Chadwick. 

MOHAWK  AND  HUDSON  RAIL  ROAD. 

Directors. — John  T.  Norton,  Watts  Sherman,  Rufus  H.  King,  Gerrit 
Y.  Lansing,  Edward  C.  Delavan,  Harmen  Pumpelly.  H.  H.  Martin,  Au- 
gustus  James,  Isaac  Newton. 

Office, — Dean  streetj  above  Maiden  lane. 


Benevolent  Societies,  fyc.  41 

FIRST  GREAT  WESTERN  TURNPIKE. 

Directors. — Gerrit  Y.  Lansing,  Teunis  Van  Veehten, Gideon  Hawley, 
John  V.  L.  Pruyn,  John  Townsend,  C.  Y.  Lansing,  R.  J.  Hilton,  Henry 
Bleecker,  John  T.  Cooper,  Jacob  H.  Ten  Eyck,  Robert  H.  Pruyn,  \Vm. 
C.  Miller,  Stephen  Groesbeek. 

ALBANY  AND  BETHLEHEM  TURNPIKE. 
Directors.— Marcus  T.  Reynolds,  Rufus  H.  Kin?,  Philip  S.  Van  Rens- 
selaer,  Wm.  McHarg,  Joel  Rathbone.  John  V.  L.'Prvyn,  Robert  Boyd, 
Ezra  P.  Prentice,  George  Dexter. 

CHRISTIAN  MUTUAL  BENEFIT  ASSOCIATION. 
Officers  for  the  year  1849. 


Friend  Humphrey,  President. 
Isaac  P.  Hand,  Edward  B.  Slason, 
Vice-Presidents. 


Thos.  W.  Valentine,  Rec'g  Sec'y. 
Wm.  Tuton,  Financial  Secretary. 
Noah  Lee,  Treasurer. 


Abram  Kirk,  Corresponding  Sec'y. 

Place  of  meeting,  Sons  of  Temperance  Hall,  No.  7  North  Pearl  street, 
on  the  1st  and  3d  Tuesday  evenings  in  each  month. 

BOARD  OF  TRADE. 

This  association  of  dealers  commenced  business  on  tie  15th  of  May, 
1848.     The  following  are  its  officers: 


William  Chapman,  President. 
Benj.  C.  Raymond,  1st  Vice- Pres. 
Thos.  Schuyler,  2d  Vice-President. 
David  H.  Carey,  Sec'y. 


Rufus  K.  Viele,  Treasurer. 

Chas.  Wright,  M.  H.  Read,  0.  N. 
Chapin,  T.  P.  Crook,  John 
Tweedle,  Com.  of  Reference. 


HIBERNIAN  PROVIDENT  SOCIETY. 

On  the  17th  April,  1833,  Jas.  Halliday,  Jas.  Maher,  Patrick  Cassidy, 
William  L.  Osborne,  Peter  C.  Doyle,  Thomas  Gough,  Wm.  O'Donnell, 
Michael  Cagger,  and  others,  were  incorporated  under  the  name  of  the  Hi- 
bernian Provident  Society,  the  avowed  objects  of  which  were  charitable; 
"  to  create  a  fund  by  a  general  subscription  among  the  members,  which 
should  contribute  to  their  mutual  advantage;  if,  by  reason  of  sickness, 
they  should  at  any  time  become  destitute  of  the  conveniences  of  life;  and 
also  to  organize  in  one  body  a  numerous  class  of  Irishmen  residing  in 
this  city,  and  to  concentrate  their  moral  energies,  so  as  to  bring  fairly 
before  the  American  people  the  republican  features  of  their  national 
character;  that  a  number  of  individuals  should  combine  and  reserve  a 
portion  of  the  fruits  of  their  industry,  while  enjoying  health  and  happi- 
ness, for  the  establishment  of  a  fund  for  their  support,  when  overtaken 
by  misfortunes  or  infirmities;  especially,  that  a  body  of  men  who  have 
been  oppressed  in  their  native  land,  by  a  despotic  government,  and  who 
are  influenced  by  the  same  associations  and  sympathies,  and  are  led  on 
by  the  same  devotion  in  the  path  of  freedom,  should  associate  together 
for  the  purpose  of  vindicating  their  national  character,  and  of  procuring 


42 


Benevolent  Societies. 


for  themselves,  in  a  proper  time,  the  privileges  of  American  citizeas." 
The  officers  of  the  society  for  the  year  1848,  are  as  follows: 


Patrick  Grady,  President. 
John  Reynolds,  1st  Vice-president. 
Joseph  Clinton,  2d        do. 
John  Daly,  Recording  Secretary. 


Michael  Fives,  Corresponding  Se- 
cretary. 

Richard  Brown,  Treasurer. 
Nicholas  Markey,  Physician. 


ST.  ANDREW'S  SOCIETY. 

This  society  held  its  47th  anniversary,  on  the  30lh  of  November  last. 
It  was  organized  on  the  10th  of  October,  1803,  and  celebrated  the  na- 
tivity of  its  patron  saint  on  the  30th  of  November  following.  At  the  first 
election  of  officers,  the  following  persons  were  chosen;  John  Stevenson, 
president,  Geo  Ramsey,  vice-president;  Andrew  Brown,  2d  vice-presi- 
dent; Rev.  John  McDonald,  chaplain;  Dr.  Wm.  McCelland,  physician; 
William  Milroy,  treasurer;  Archibald  Mclntyre,  secretary;  Peter  Boyd, 
assistant  secretary;  and  Daniel  Cumming,  Peter  Sharpe,  John  Kirk, 
John  Grant,  George  Pearson,  Thomas  Barker,  Wm.  French,  John  D. 
Cunningham,  managers.  It  will  be  perceived  that  but  one  of  the  above 
is  now  left  among  us,  but  their  names  will  be  familiar  to  the  older  citi- 
zens. The  avowed  object  of  the  society}  was  to  afford  relief  to  poor 
and  unfortunate  Scottish  immigrants,  without  regard  to  religious  or  po- 
litical distinctions;  and  we  are  informed  that  its  finances  are  in  a  very 
flourishing  condition,  and  that  a  large  amount  is  anually  dispensed  for 
benevolent  purposes.  At  a  meeting  held  at  the  City  Hotel,  on  the  9th 
Dec.,  1848,  the  following  were  elected  officers  of  the  Society  for  the  en- 
suing year: 


James  Taylor,  President. 
Andrew  Kirk,  1st  Vice  President. 
D.  D.  Ramsay,  2d  Vice  President. 
Peter  Bullions,  Chaplain. 
James  McNaughton,  Physician. 
William  Gray,  Treasurer. 


James  Dickson,  Secretary. 
Daniel  Campbell,  Assistant  Sec'y. 
Alexander  Gray,  Peter  Smith,  Na« 

than  Algie,  Hugh  Dickson,  Geo,. 

Young,  Managers. 


MECHANICS'  BENEFIT  SOCIETY. 

At  the  annual  election  of  this  Society,  held  on  the  7th  Aug.,  the  fol- 
lowing persons  were  elected  for  the  ensuing  year: 


Eli  Abby,  President. 

W.  A.  Carr,  Wm.  Vosburgh,  Vice- 

Presidents. 

Jas.  A.  Buckbee,  Treasurer. 
R   S.  Cushman,  Secretary. 
S.  L.  Hodgkins,  Assistant  Secrt tary. 


J.W.  Hinkley,  Physician. 

S.  G.  Mink,  Alex.  Selkirk,  L.  G. 
Hoffman,  J.  P.  Wilson,  Thos.  E. 
Lee,  T.  M.  Sulliff,  J.  H.  Bowne, 
Oliver  Houlle,  Wm.  A.  F.  Mo 
Nab,  Wm.  A.  Rice,  Stewards. 


ALBANY  SOCIETY  OF  BROTHERLY  LOVE. 
This  Society  of  Israelites,  was  incorporated  by  net  of  legislature,  May 
7,  1844,  its  avowed  objects  being  charitable  and  benevolent,  to  afford 
relief  to  its  members  in  case  of  sickness  and  infirmity.  The  persons 
named  in  the  act  oi  incorporation,  were  Moses  Schloss,  Solomon  Mark, 
Isaac  Cohen,  Lewis  Sporborg,  and  Myer  Stern. 


Religious  Societies,  fyc.  43 

ALBANY  CITY  TRACT  SOCIETY. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Society,  for  the  election  of  officers  and  di- 
rectors for  the  ensuing  year  was  held  on  the  26th  Oct.,  1843. 


Friend  Humphrey,  President. 

Hugh  Humphrey,  Robert  Boyd,  R. 
V.  DeWitt,  LemM  Jenkins,  Wm. 
C.  Miller,  Wm.  McElroy,  Vice- 
Presidents. 

Erastus  H.  Pease,  Secretary. 

Philip  Phelps,  Treasurer. 

Alexander  Folsom.  Matthew  Trot- 
ter, Austin  H.  Wells,  T.  S.  Berry, 


Geo.  B.  Hoyt,  Walter  R.  Bush, 
Wm.  N.  Strong,  G.  W.  Benjamin, 
Jeremiah  Waterman,  James  B. 
Sanders,  H.  S.  McCall,  Daniel 
Campbell,  Abram  Kirk,  Daniel 
Fry,G.C.Treadwell,T.R.Ra\Y- 
son,  William  Gibson,  Rufus  K- 
Viele,  Directors. 


ALBANY  COUNTY 
Officers  for  1848. 

Rev.  Wm.  B.  Sprague,  D.  D.,  Pre- 
sident. 

Rev.  J.  N.  Campbell,  D.D.,  1st  Vice- 
President. 

Rev.  I.  N.  Wyckoff,  D.  D.,  2d  Vice- 
President. 

Philip  Phelps,  Rec'g  Sec'y. 

Lemuel  Jenkins,  Cor'g  Sec'y. 

William  C.  Miller,  Treasurer. 

Rev.  Ezra  A.  Huntington,  D.  D., 
Duncan  Kennedy,  D.  D.,  William 
H  Campbell,  D.  D.,  Henry  N. 


BIBLE  SOCIETY. 

Pohlman,  D.  D.,  F.  W.  Schmidt, 
Andrew  Witherspoon,  Luman  A . 
Sandford.  Thomas  Armitage,  J. 
W,  Belknap,  Messrs.  Archibald 
Mclntyre,  Rensselaer  Weslerlo, 
Nathaniel  Davis,  Israel  Smith, 
Daniel  Fry,  Abraham  Keyser, 
George  W.  Benjamin,  Managers. 
Rev.  Dr.  J.  N.  Campbell,  Wm.  C. 
Miller,  Nathaniel  Davis,  Dan'l 
Fry,  Ex.  Com. 


ALBANY  COUNTY  MEDICAL  SOCIETY. 

At  an  annual  meeting  of  the  Albany  County  Medical  Society,  held  at 
the  City  Hall,  November  14th,  1848,  the  following  named  persons  were 
elected  as  its  officers,  viz: 


James  McNaughton,  President. 
John  Swinburne,  Vice  President. 

B.  A.  Sheldon,  Secretary. 

C.  C.  Walker,  Treasurer. 
C.  C.  Griffin,  Librarian. 


P.  McNaughton,  Jas.  H.  Armsby, 
U.  G.  Bigelow,  J.  H.  Case,  and 
David  R.  Burris,  County  Censors. 

Richard  H.  Tompson,  delegate  to 
State  Medical  Society  for  4  years. 


ALBANY  AND  RENSSELAER  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 


Joel  Rathbone,  President. 

D.  Thos.  Vail,   Herman  Wendell, 

E.  P.  Prentice,  V.  P.  Douw,  Vice- 

Presidents. 

B.  P.  Johnson.  Secretary. 
A.  E.  Brown,  Treasurer. 

Annual  meeting  in  July. 


Amos  Bris:ss,  S.  E.  Warren,  J.  M. 
Lovett,  Wm.  Bruswell,  J.  McD. 
Mclntyre,  James  Henry,  William 
Newcomb,  James  Wilson,  A, 
Osborn. 


44  Military  Companies. 

ALBANY  REPUBLICAN  ARTILLERY. 
The  following  persons  are  the  officers  for  1848: 

Edward  Riley,  1st  Lieutenant. 
Philip  Guardenier,  2d  Lieutenant. 
Michael  Bennett,  Orderly  Serg't. 
Hiram  Putnam,   Geo.  Fredenrich, 

John  Murdon,  Sergeants. 
Wm.  H.  Guardenier,  Joseph  Baker, 


CIVIL. 

George  Fredenrich,  President. 
Joseph  Baker,  Vice- President. 
Edward  Riley,  Secretary. 
Jacob  Fredendall,  Treasurer. 


MILITARY. 

Jacob  Fredendall,  Captain. 


John  Guardenier,  Edward  Gre- 
gory, Corporals. 


ALBANY  BURGESSES  CORPS. 
The  officers  of  this  company  are  as  follows: 

W.  K.  Whitney,  Orderly  Sergeant. 
J.  Whalen,  J.  Hogan,  F.  H.  Kee- 

ler,  Sergeants. 

James  Weed,   John  Duff,  S.  Wil- 
kins,  R.  Henly,  Corporals. 


CIVIL. 

John  F.  Schults,  President. 
Wm.  H.  Low,  Vice- President. 
J.  C.  Cuyler,  Secretary. 
S.  W.  Whitney,  Assistant  Sec'y. 
F.  H.  Keeler,  Treasurer. 


MILITARY. 

Wm.  J.  Thomas,  Captain. 
E.  J.  Lansing,  1st  Lieuteuant. 
E.  R.  Brower,  2d  Lieuteuant. 
C.  Jordan,  3d  Lieutenant. 


STAFF. 

Cyrus  Stevens,  Quarter  Master. 
H.  Van  OLinda.  Pay  Master. 
J.  F.  Schults,  Surgeon. 
Wm.  Davis,  Chaplain. 


ALBANY  EMMET  GUARDS. 
The  following  are  the  officers  for  1848-9: 

CIVIL.  N.  Hussey,  1st  Lieutenant. 

James  W.  Morange,  President. 
Wm.  Dwyre,  Vice-President. 
P.  T.  Hewett,  Secretary. 
Mich'l  O'Sullivan,  Assistant  Sec'y. 
P.  Maher,  Treasurer. 


MILITARY. 
John  Osborn,  Captain. 


P.  H.  Griffin,  2d  Lieutenant. 
John  Dunden,  3d  Lieutenant. 
Thos.  Kellett,  Orderly  Sergeant. 
P.  O'Conner,  M.  Cassidy,  J.  Me- 

Manus,  Sergeants. 
Wm.  Maloy,  B.  Cooney,  J.  Feeney, 
Michael  O'Suliivan,  Corporals. 


ALBANY  WASHINGTON  RIFLEMEN. 
The  following  are  the  officers  of  this  company: 

CIVIL.  Wm.  P.  Faff,  1st  Lieutenant. 

Wm.  P.  Paff,  President. 

Lochner,  Secretary. 

Fr.  Shadelle,  Treasurer. 


MILITARY. 

Chris.  Triger,  President. 


Hen.  Schweitzer,  2d  Lieutenant. 

J.  Huber,  Orderly  Sergeant. 

G.    Lochner,    Th.    Hoffman,    Dl. 

Frederick,  Sergeants. 
J.  Ranseler,  Wrn.  Smite,  J.  Roshe, 

J.  Bahmer,  Corporals. 


Odd  Fellows — Sons  of  Temperance — Masons.         45 

1.  0.  OF  0.  F. 

American  No.  32,  Wednesday  evening,  at  Cooper's  Building. 

City  Degree  No.  11,  Tuesday  evening,  Broadway,  cor.  Steuben. 

City  Philanthropic  No.  5,  Fiiday  evening,  at  Cooper's  Building. 

Clinton  No.  7,  Monday  evening,  corner  of  Broadway  and  Steuben. 

En-Hakkore  Encampment  No.  5,  meets  on  the  second  and  fourth 
Saturdays  of  each  month,  at  Cooper's  Building. 

Excelsior  Degree  No.  15,  meets  on  the  first  and  third  Fridays 
of  each  month,  at  Odd  Fellow's  Hall,  corner  of  Green  and  Beaver. 

Fireman's  No.  19,  Friday  evening,  Odd  Fellow's  Hall,  corner  of 
Green  and  Beaver. 

German  Colonial  No.  16,  Monday  evening,  Odd  Fellow's  Hall, 
corner  of  Green  and  Beaver. 

Herman's  Degree  No.  31,  meets  first  and  third  Wednesdays  of 
each  month,  in  Church,  near  Ferry. 

Hope  Lodge  No.  3,  meets  Tuesday  evening,  at  Cooper's  Building. 

Mount  Carmel  No.  349,  Thursday  evening,  Church,  near  Ferry. 

Mount  Hermon  No.  38,  Monday  evening,  Church,  near  Ferry. 

New  York  Encampment  No.  1,  meets  on  the  first  and  third  Satur- 
days of  each  month,  nl  Cooper's  Building. 

Phoenix  No.  41,  Tuesday  evening,  Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  cor.  Green 
and  Beaver. 

Samaritan  No.  93,  Monday  evening,  at  Cooper's  Building. 

Scho-negh-ta-da  No.  356,  Thursday  eve.,  Broadway,  cor.  Steuben. 

Union  No.  8,  Thursday  evening,  at  Cooper's  Building. 


SONS  OF  TEMPERANCE. 

Albany  Division  No.  24,  meets  Monday  evening,  at  Hall  in  State. 
Clinton  No.  76,  Thursday  evening,  at  Commercial  Building. 
Eagle  No.  306,  Thursday  evening,  at  No.  3  North  Pearl. 
Empire  Temple  No.  33,  Friday  evening,  at  Commercial  Building. 
En  Hakkore  No.  129,  Wednesday  evening,  at  No.  7  North  Pearl. 
Fort  Orange  No.  187,  Thursday  evening,  at  No.  7  North  Pearl. 
Tivoli  Temple  No.  22,  Friday  evening,  at  S.  of  T.  Hall,  State. 
Mutual  Alliance  No.  130,  Monday  evening,  at  No.  7  North  Pearl. 


MASONIC  BODIES. 

Mount  Vernon  Lodge  No.  3,  corner  of  Broadway  and  Steuben. 
Master's  Lodge, 

Temple  Chapter  No.  5,  St.  John's  Hall,  Broadway,  cor.  Steuben. 
Temple  Lodge,  corner  of  Broadway  and  Steuben. 
Unitas — Concordia — Fratrum, 
Washington  Lodge, 


46         Custom  House  —  Mohawk  (J-  Hudson  Rail  Road. 


CUSTOM  HOUSE. 

ALBERT  GALLTTP,  DEPUTY  COLLECTOR,  407  BROADWAY. 
The  Custom  House  was  established  in  1833,  and  was  thought  by  some 
persons  to  be  a  proper  subject  for  a  little  ridicule.  In  truth  the  bu- 
siness of  conducting  it  was  not  very  arduous  for  the  first  year.  There 
were  then  but  two  vessels  trading  regularly  to  Boston,  namely  the 
schooner  Visscher  and  sloop  George  Washington,  owned  by  Davis  & 
Centre,  whereas  now  there  are  above  a  hundred.  Besides,  there  are 
several  lines  of  steam  propellers  trading  to  different  ports,  which  have 
come  on  the  river  quite  recently,  of  which  we  believe  the  Mohawk  was 
the  pioneer.  There  is  a  line  of  steam  packets  between  Albany  and 
Hartford,  doing  a  brisk  business,  and  another  to  Philadelphia.  One 
has  recently  been  established  between  this  city  and  New  London  and 
Norwich.  And  when  it  is  considered  what  an  enormous  quantity  of 
freight  is  taken  overland  by  the  rail  road,  it  is  remarkable  that  the  packet 
business  should  increase  so  rapidly.  Mr.  William  Seymour  was  the  first 
collector,  and  the  first  license  entered  on  his  book  is  under  the  date  of 
July  12,  1833.  Afier  this  became  a  port  of  entry,  the  government  made 
en  appropriation  for  the  improvement  of  the  navigation  of  the  river.  It 
was  contemplated  to  carry  a  dyke  up  from  a  point  25  miles  below  the 
head  of  tide  water,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  $860,000,  which  would  effect* 
ually  relieve  the  channel  of  the  bars  that  now  obstruct  it,  and  relieve  the 
business  men  scattered  over  an  immense  region  of  country  of  the  vex- 
ations and  embarrassments  caused  in  various  ways  by  the  daily  detention 
of  vessels.  The  dyke  was  constructed  a  part  of  the  distance  contem- 
plated, and  there  abandoned.  But  it  was  of  great  advantage  to  our  com- 
merce, enabling  schooners  of  over  200  tons  to  reach  the  city,  and  steam 
boats  of  far  greater  tonnage  make  their  regular  trips  at  low  water,  The 
dyke  however  is  fast  going  to  ruin.  A  few  hundred  dollars  would  have 
repaired  the  first  breach,  but  it  will  now  require  many  thousands,  and 
public  attention  will  probably  be  effectualiy  aroused  to  remedy  the  evil 
only  by  some  unexpected  and  overwhelming  calamity,  arising  from  the 
neglect.  But  a  part  of  the  vessels  trading  to  this  port  are  registered 
here;  hence  the  whole  number  registered~since  the  first  January  1841, 
does  not  much  exceed  500.  The  Rochester  steam  boat  is  the  largest 
vessel  licensed  at  our  port,  being  nearly  500  tons.  The  vessel  of  the 
largest  tonnage  that  arrives  here  is  the  steam  boat  Isaac  Newton,  of 
about  1,300  tons. 


MOHAWK  AND  HUDSON  RAIL  ROAD. 

This  was  one  of  the  first  rail  roads  constructed  in  the  state.  On  the 
17th  April,  1826,  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer,  George  W.  Featherstone- 
haunh,  and  others  received  a  charter  from  the  state,  for  the  purpose  of 
constructing  a  rail  road  between  the  Mohawk  nnd  Hudson  rivers;  the 
capital  stock  was  fixed  at  $300,000,  with  permission  to  increase  it  to 
$500,000,  or  about  $31,000  per  mile,  and  the  time  for  completins  the  road 
was.  limited  to  six  years.  The  work  was  commenced  in  1830,  and  % 


Mohawk  §•  Hudson  Rail  Road.  47 

double  track  completed  in  1333.  It  was  originally  constructed  with  an 
inclined  plane  at  each  end  of  the  road;  the  one  ai  Albany  a  little  more 
than  hall'  a  mile  in  length,  and  both  of  them  having  a  rise  of  1  loot  in  18. 
The  road  was  laid  out  15'  miles  in  length,  6  of  which  were  at  a  level, 
and  the  rest  of  it,  with  the  exception  of  the  two  inclined  planes,  had  an 
ascending  giade  of  about  1  foot  in  250.  The  width  of  the  excavations 
is  36  feel,  that  of  the  embankments  26  feet.  The  deepest  excavation  is 
47  feet,  and  the  highest  embankment  44  feet.  Greatest  altitude  353 
feet  above  tide  water  at  Albany.  Stone  blocks  were  placed  three  feet 
apart,  from  centre  to  centre,  laid  on  broken  stone,  and  cross  sleepers  of 
wood  rested  upon  them,  7  inches  in  diameter  and  8  feet  long,  support- 
ing the  timber  rails,  on  which  were  placed  iron  bars,  three- fifths  by  two 
and  a  half  inches,  with  the  upper  corners  rounded  to  1£  inches  width; 
and  the  width  between  the  rails  4  feet  9  inches.  When  the  road  had 
been  constructed  in  this  manner,  it  was  found  to  have  cost  $1,100,000,  or 
upwards  of  $70,000  per  mile,  for  the  double  track.  The  stock  sold  at 
one  time  for  30  per  cent  premium,  but  subsequently  went  down  to  25 
cents  on  the  dollar,  and  the  road  in  unskilful  hands,  was  on  the  point  of 
being  abandoned.  At  this  juncture  some  of  our  enterprising  men  took 
the  matter  in  hand,  bought  up  the  stock,  and  with  the  assistance  of  a 
loan  from  the  city  corporation,  set  about  a  complete  reconstruction  of 
the  road.  The  inclined  planes  were  abandoned,  and  by  a  little  more 
circuitous  ascent  of  ihe  rising  ground  at  each  terminus,  and  the  use  of 
heavy  locomotives, it  has  become  a  popular  and  profitable  concern.  The 
company  relaid  the  road  with  a  heavy  rail  in  part  in  1843,  and  fully 
completed  relaying  it  during  the  last  season.  The  distance  is  now  about 
17  miles.  On  the  22d  Sept.,  a  train  of  three  cars,  filled  with  passengers 
by  invitation,  crossed  the  road  from  Albany  in  30  minutes,  and  returned 
in  24  minutes,  the  speed  being  at  the  rate  of  1  mile  in  1m.  25s..  or  42£ 
miles  an  hour. 

The  following  table  shows  the  comparative  condition  of  the  company's 
operations  in  1846  and  1847. 

1846  1847 

No.  passengers, 174,653  229,401 

Receipts  from  passengers, $92,194          $110,051 

"       freight,  &c., 33,641  51,323 

$125,835          $164,374 

Repairs  and  running  road, 41,766  60,310 

Miles  run  by  passenger  trains, 45,357  49,674 

"       Ireight,  &c,, 16,515  22,821 

Cost  of  construction  to  Jan.  1 ,  1847 $1, 472, 966 

'*  Jan.  1,  1848, 1,473,253 

The  receipts  of  the  road  in  1843  were  $60,595;  1844,  $89,882;  1845, 
$93,494.  The  receipts  of  1848  were  upwards  of  $175.000. 

The  road  is  fully  equipped,  as  the  company  own  six  locomotives, 
thirty  first  class  passenger  cars,  twenty-two  second  class  passenger  cars, 
ihiriy  six  freight  cars,  and  thirty-four  baggage  cars.  With  good  ma- 
nagement and  economy  the  company  was  enabled  to  resume  its  dividends 
in  October,  1847,  nnce  which  it  has  continued  to  pay  regular  dividends, 
every  six  monihs. 


48 


City  Income  and  Expenditures. 


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County  Officers. 


49 


COUNTY  OFFICERS. 

Clerks. 

Lawrence  Van  Deusen 
Martin  Butts 
John  C.  IVIoore 
Francis  E.  Baillett 
Etienpzer  B.  Cobb 
I  Matthew  P.  Bemus 
Green  M.  Tuthill 
Burr  B.  Andrews 
Charles  H.  Jones 
James  Storm 
Samuel  Hotchkiss 
Wm.  McLaughry 
Joseph  T.  Adriance 
Moses  Bristol 
Edmund  T  Williams 
Henry  S.  Brewster 
Stephen  Wait 
Samuel  C.  Holden 
Isaac  Van  Schaack 
John  C.  Holmes 
Slandish  Barry 
James  G.  Lynde 
John  M.  Hicks 
Lucian  Clark 
William  H.  Whiting 
A.  Scott  Sloan 
John  C.  Nash 
Chester  S.  Brumley 
James  Conner 
John  Van  Horn 
Patrick  Mahon 
Vivus  W.  Smith 
Alex.  H.  Howell 
Albert  S.  Benton 
Herman  Goodrich 
Jabez  H.  Gilbert 
Charles  McLean 
Reuben  D.  Barnnm 
Abraham  D.  Snedeker 
Ambrose  H.  Sheldon 
Joshua  Mersereau,  Jr. 
Isaac  A.  Blauvelt 
Martin  Thatcher 
Jas.  W.  Horton 
Silas  H.  March 
Stephen  Maham 
Ebenezer  Ingalls 
Paul  C.  Cook 
J.  Wickham  Case 
Matthew  Decker,  Jr. 
Moses  Stevens 
I  Norman  Crittenden 
'Benj.  M.   Hasbrouck 
IThomas  Archibald 
Henry  Shipherd 
Alex.  B.  Williams 
Munson  I.  Lock  wood 
Abel  Webster 
Russell  R.  Fargo 

This  and  seme  other  lables  are  subject  to  important  change?;  they  can  only  be  given 
as  they  are  at  the  time  of  printing, 

5 


Counties. 

Sheriffs. 

Albany 
Allegany 

Oscar  Tyler 
Joshua  Rathbun 

Broome 

Benj.  T.  Miller 

Cattaraugus 
Cayuga 

Alonzo  A   Gregory 
Joseph  P.  Swift 

Chautauque 

Jarvls  B    Hice 

Chemung 

Wm.  Skellenger 

Chenango 

Wm.  Church 

Clinton 

Harvey  Bromley 

Columbia 

Jacob  R.  Hollenbeck 

Cortlar.d 

George  Ross 

Delaware 

De  Witt  C.  Thomas 

Dutchess 

David  N.  Seaman 

Erie 

Timothy  A.  Hopkins 

Essex                |  Norman  Page 

Franklin           |  Benjamin  W.  Clark 

Fulton 

Daniel  Potter 

Genesee 

John  Sprague 

Greene 

Robert  Fulton 

Hamilton 

Robt.  G.  Ostrander 

Herkimer 

Wm.  I.  Skinner 

Jefferson 

Walter  Collins 

Kings 

Daniel  Van  Voorhis 

Lewis 
Livingston 

George  Shepard 
Wm.  Scott 

Madison 

Wm.  R.  Brand 

Monroe 
Montgomery 
New  York 

George  Hart 
David  W.  Erwm 
John  J.  V.  Westervelt 

Niagara 
Oneida 

Franklin  Spalding 
Lester  Barker 

Onondaga 
Ontario 

Joshua  C.  Cuddeback 
Phineas  Kent 

Orange 

Edward  L.  Welling 

Orleans 

Austin  Day 

Oswego 

Alvin  Laurence 

Otsego 

John  Brown 

Putnam 

Wm.  W.  Taylor 

Queens 

Isaac  Willetts 

Rensselaer 

Gilbert  Cropsey 

Richmond 

Jacob  M.  Guyon 

Rockland 

Asbury  De  Noyelles 

St.  Lawrence 

Josiah  Waid 

Saratoga 

Thomas  Low 

Schenectady 

John  G.  Van  Voast 

Schoharie 

Tobias  Bouck 

Seneca 

Hugh  Chapman 

Steuben 

Henry  Brother 

Suffolk 

David  R.  Rose 

Sullivan 

Neal  Benson 

Tioga 

John  J.  Sackett 

Tompkins 

John  P.  Andrews 

Ulster 

Charles  Brodhead 

Warren 

James  Lawren 

Washington 

Daniel  T.  Payne 

Wayne 
Westchester 

George  W.  Barnard 
James  M.  Bates 

Wyoming 

Abraham  Smith 

Yates 

Martin  Holmes 

Surrogates. 
Lewis  Benedict,  Jr. 
Wm.  G.  Angel 
E.  C.  Kattel 
Rensselaer  Lamb 
Jacob  R.  How 
Orton  Clark 
J.  W.  VVisner 
S.  M.  Purdy 
Lemuel  Stetson 
C.  B.  Dutcher 
Daniel  Hawks 
Edwin  More 
John  P.  H.  Tallman 
Peter  M.  Vosburgh 
H.  H   Ross 
J.  R.  Flanders 
John  Wells 
H.  U.  Soper 
L.  Tremain 
John  Dunham 
Ezra  Graves 
L.  H.  Brown 

A.  B.  Hodges 
Francis  Seger 
Scott  Lord 
James  W.  Nye 
Moses  Sperry 
S.  fielding,  Jr. 
Charles  McBean 
H.  Gardner 

0.  S.  Williams 

1.  T.  Minard 
M.  H.  Sibley 

B.  F.  Duryea 
H.  R.  Curtis 
O.H.Whitney 
Hiram  Kinne 
Azor  B.  Crane 
Henry  I.  Hagner 
G.  T.  Blair 

H   B.  Metcalf 
W.  F.  Fraser 

B.  G.  Baldwin 
J.  C.  Hulbert 
S.  W.  Jones 
Demosthenes  Lawyer 

'J.  K.  Richardson 
David  McMaster 
,A.  T   Rose 
I  A.  Dimmick 

C.  P.  A  very 
Alfred  Wells 
Wm.  Masten 

E.  H.  Rosekvans 
Joseph  Boies 
G.  H    Middleton 
L.  C.  Platt 
VV.  Riley  Smith 
Andrew  Oliver 


50 


Counties,  Towns  and  Post  Offices 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  of  the  COUNTIES,  TOWNS  and  POST  OFFICES 
in  the  State  of  New  York,  and  the  Distances  of  the  County  Towns 
from  Albany. 


ALBANY  COUNTY. 

CATTARAUGUS     CO 

Hanover          Ripley 

ALBANY  City  fall's  Mills 

Ash  ford            Machias 

Harmony         Salem  Cross 

Berne               Helderbergh 
Bethlehem       Knowersville 

Bucktoolh        Mansfield 
Burlon              Napoli 

Irving                  Roads 
Jamestown      Sheridan 

Cedar  Hill        Knox 

Carrol  ion         New  Albion 

Levant             Sherman 

Clarkesville     New  Salem 
Coeymans        New  Scotland 

Chapelsburgh  North  Perrys- 
Cold  Spring        burgh 

Magnolia         Silver  Creek 
MAYVILLE  336Smith's  Mills 

Coeymans        Preston  Hol- 
Hollow            low 

Connewango  Olean 
Dayton             Otto 

Mina                Stockton 
Nashville         Union  Ellery 

Cohoes             Reidsville 

Delavan           Perrysburgh 

North  Clymer  Van  Buren 

Cooksburgh     Rensselaervill 

East  Leon       Persia 

Oregon                 Harbor 

Dormansville  South  Berne 

East  Otto         Portville 

Panama           Vermont 

Dunnsville         do.  Westerlo 
East  Berne      Watervliet 

Elgin                Randolph 
ELLICOTT-       Rice 

Poland             Villenovia 
Pom  fret           Volusia 

Guilder!  and         Centre 

VILLE,   292  Sandusky 

Portland           Westfield 

Guilderland     Westerlo 

Fairview         Seelyburgh 

CHEMUNG  COUNTY. 

Centre          West  Troy 

Farmersville    Sociality 

Baldwin           Millport 

ALLEGANY    CO. 

Franklinville   South  Valley 

Beaverdams    Moreland 

Alfred               Hobbieville 
Allen  Centre   Hume 

Freedom          Ten  Mile  Sp'g 
Great  Valley  Tunungwant 

Big  Flats         No.  Chemung 
Catharines       Post  Creek 

Almond            Hunt'sHollow 

Hinsdale              Mills 

Catlin                Salubria 

Amity               Independence 
Andover           Little  Genesee 
ANGELICA  256  INIixville 

Humphrey       Versailles 
Kill  Buck        W'stHinsdale 
Leon                Yorkshire 

Cayuta             Seeley  Creek 
Chemung         Southport 
Dix                   Townsend 

Belfast              New  Hudson 

Little  Valley 

ELMIRA  198    Van  Ettenville 

Birdsall            Nile 

CAYUGA  COUNTY. 

Erin                  Veteran 

Black  Creek   North  Almond 
Bolivar             Oakland 

AUBVRN,  172    Niles 
Aurelius           Nine  Corners 

Fairport           Wellsburg 
Martin's  Hall  West  Cayuta 

Burns               Ossian 

Aurora             North  Sterling 

CHENANGO    CO. 

Canakadier      Philip's  Creek 

Brutus              O  \vasc  o 

Bainbridge      New  Berlin 

Caneadea        Philipsville 

Cato                 Poplar  Ridge 

do      Centre    Centre 

Centre  Almond  Pike 

Cato  4  CoruersPort  Byron 

Columbus        N'th  Norwich 

Centre  hide-  Porlageville 

Cayuga            Scipio 

Coventry         NORWICH  110 

pendence      Richburgh 

Conquest          Scipioville 

Coventryville  Otselic 

Centreville       Rockville 

East  Genoa     JSemproniiis 

East  Greene    Oxford 

Clarksville       Rushford 

Five  Corners  Sennet 

East  Guilford  Pharsalia 

Cuba                Scio 

Fleming           Sherwood's 

E.M'DonoughPitcher 

Eagle               Short  Tract 

Fosterville           Corners 

EastPharsalia    do     Springs 

East  Hill          Spring  Mills 

Genoa               South  Venice 

Geneganlslet  Plymouth 

East  Koy         Wellsville 

Ira                    Springport 

German            Preston 

East  Pike        West  Almond 

Kellogsville     Square 

Greene             Sherburne 

Friendship        do  Clarksville 

King's  Ferry   Sterling 

Guilford          SmithvilleFlats 

Genesee             do  Genesee 

Ledyard           Summer  Hill 

do     Centre  Smyrna 

do     Valley  Whitesville 

Levanna          Throopsville 

King's  Settle-  S.  Bainbridge 

Granger           WhitneysVal- 

Little  Sodus    Union  Springs 

mem             S  .  New  Berlin 

Grove               Wirt           ley 

Locke              Venice 

Linklaen          South  Otselic 

BROOME    COUNTY. 

Marlville         Victory 

McDonough    W.  Bainbridge 

Barker            OsbornHollow  M>n1z               ^eed^r1 
B1NGHAMTON145,  Port  Crane  |  Montezuma    WeslNiles 

Mount  Upton  WestLinklaen 
New  Berlin    White's  Store 

Castle  Creek  Sandford 

Moravia 

CLINTON   COUNTY. 

Centre              Shawsville 

CHAUTAUQUE    CO. 

An  Sable          Pe-as'eyville 

Chenango        SoutliWindsor 

Arkwright       Clymer 

KeekmantownPerry's  Mills 

do      Forks  Susquehannah 

Barcelona        Cljmer  Centre 

Black  Brook    Peru          [1G2 

Colesville         Triangle 

Blockville        De  Wittville 

Cadyville         PLATTSBURGH 

Couklin            Union 

Busli                 Dunkirk 

Champlain       Retlford 

Corbetlsvillc    Union  Village 

Carroll              Ellery 

Chazy              Rouse's  Point 

Harpersville    Upper  Lisle 

Cassadaga        Ellicolt 

Clinton              Saranac 

Kattelville        ValloniaSp'gs 

Centre  tther-  Ellington 

Clintonville      Schuyler's 

Lisle                  Vestal 

man              Fluvanna 

Coopersville        Falls 

Maine              W.  Colesville 

Charlotte         Fredonia 

Ellenburgh      Union  Falls 

Nanticoke       Whilney's 

Chautauque      French  Creek 

Farrell  Place  West  Chazy 

New  Ohio           Point 

Cherry  Creek  Frewsburgh 

Mooers            West  PI  alls- 

Niuevah          Windsor 

Clear  Creek    Gerry 

New  Sweden     burgh 

in  the  State  of  New  York. 


•51 


COLUMBIA   COUNTY 

Attlehury         North  East 

WestMoriah  Wilmington 

Ancram            HUDSON    29 
Ancram  Lead  Kinderhook 

Mines           Livingston 
Austerlitz        MaldenBridge' 
Canaan             MellenviHe 

Barrytown             do  Centre 
Beekman         Pauling 
Campbellville  Peeksville 
ChaimingsvillePine  P.ains 
ChesnutRidgePleasan!  Plains 

\Vestport          Woodwards- 
Willsborough     ville 
FRANKLIN  COUNTY 

Biingor             F'rtCovington 
Belmont           Franklin 

CanaanCentreAIoffet's  Store  '^">r                   _a,°       val!^h 
do    4  CornersXew  Britain      ClintonHollowPo'KEEPSiE  ,3 
Chatham           New  Concord    glove                Poughquag 
do    Centre     Ne  w  Lebanon  Crum  Elbow  Pulver's  Cor- 

Bombay           flarrietstown 
Brandon           Hogansburgh 
Burke              M  ALONE    212 
Chateaugay    Merrillsville 

do    4  CornersNew  Lebanon 
Claverack           Centre 

jjover                    ners 
Federal  Store  Quaker  Hill 

Constable         Moira 
Dickinson         S'thDickinson 

Clermont         New  Lebanon 
Copake                Springs 
Elizaville         Niverville 
Flatbrook         N'thChatham 
Gallatin            Smoky  Ho!  low 
Gallatinville     Spencertown 
Germantown  Stockport 
Ghent               Stuyvesant 
Greenport               do     Falls 
Green  River    Taghkanic 
Harlemville     Valatie 
Hillsdale          W.Taghkanic 
Hoffman's  Gate 

Fishkill             Red  Hook 
do    LandingRhinebeck 
do    Plains    Rock  City 
FreedomPlainsSalt  Point 
Glenham           Schultzville 
Hart'sVillage  Shenandoah 
Hull's  Mills     South  Amenia 
Hyde  Park      South  Dover 
Jackson  Cor-  Sprout  Creek 
ners               Staatsburgh 
La  Grange       Stanford 
Leedsville        Stanfordville 
Litharow          Stormville 
Mabbettsville  Tivoli 

Duane              W.  Constable 
EastConstableWestville 
FULTON  COUNTY. 

Bleecker          Mill's  Corners 
Broadalbin      Newkirk's 
Brocket's            Mills     [ners 
Bridge          Newton's  Cor- 
Caroga             Northampton 
Cranberry       Northville 
Creek           Oppenheim 
Ephratah          Osborn's 
Garoga                 Bridge 
Gloversville     Perth 

CORTLAND  CO.        1 

Blodget'sMillsKeeney's  Set- 
Cincinnatus         tlement 

Manchester     Union  Vale 
Milan  IBridgeUp'rRedHook 
VewHacken-  Verbank 

Hoesville          Riceville 
JOHNSTOWN45  Sammonsville 
Kingsborough  Union  Mills 

Cortlandville  Little  York 

sack              Wellington 

Lassellsville     Vail's  Mills 

CORTLAND       Marathon 
VILLAGE  140McGrawsville 
Cuyler              Preble 
East  Homer    Scott 
East  Solon       Solon 
East  Virgil      SouthCortland 
Freetown         Truxton 
do    CornersUnion  Valley 
Hartford          Virgil 

N.  Hamburgh     do     Hollow 

ERIE  COUNTY. 

Akron              Hamburgh  on 
Alden                   the  Lake 
Amherst           Harris's  Hill 
Angola             Holland 
Aurora             Lancaster 
Black  Rock     Morton's  Cor- 

Mayfield          West  Perth 
GENESEE     COUNTY 

Alabama          Elba 
Alexander       Le  Roy 
BATAVIA  283  Linden 
Be  rgen             N  o  rt  h  Be  rgen 
Bethany           OakfieM 
Brookville       Pavilion 

Homer             Willett 

Boston                  ners 

Byron                  do      Centre 

DELAWARE  CO. 

Brant                Newstead 

Corfu                Pembroke 

Andes              Middletown 
Arkville           Moresville 
Barboursville  New  Road 
Bloomville       North  Harp- 
Bo  vina                  e  r>fi  el  d 

BUFFALO  325  North  Boston 
Cheektowaga  N'th  Clarence 
Clarence          Reservation 
Golden              Sardinia 
Collins              South  Wales 

Darien  Centre  South  Byron 
East  Bergen    Stafford 
East  Bethany  Stone  Church 
E.  Pembroke  West  Bergen 

BovinaCentre  N'th  Kortright 
Cabin  Hill      Pappakunk' 
Cannonsville    Partridge's 

do      CentreSpringville 
Uoncord           Tonawanda 
East  Evans     Town  Line 

GREENE    COUNTY, 

Acra                 Lexington 
Athens                 do     Heights 

Clovesville          Island 

E.  Hamburgh  Wales 

Big  Hollow     Medway 

Colchester       Pepacton 

Eden                Wales  Centre 

BushnellsvilleNew  Balti- 

Davenport        Roxbury 
do      CentreShavertown 

Eleysville        Water  Valley 
P^vans              Williamsville 

Cairo                    more 
CATSKILL   34  Oak  Hill 

DELHI    77       Sidney 

Griffin's  Mills  Willink 

Cornwallville  Palenville 

Deposit             Sidney  Centre 

Hamburgh      Zoar 

Coxsackie        Prattsville 

East  Branch     Sidney  Plains 

ESSEX  COUNTY. 

Durham           Scienceville 

East  Franklin  S'th  Kortright 
Franklin           Stamford 
Hamden         Stratton's  Falls 

AuSableForksNewcomb 
Chesterfield      Port  Henry 

Kast  Durham  South  Cairo 
East  Kill          South  Durham 
E.  Lexington  Tannersville 

Hancock          Tompkins 
Harpersfield     Trout  Creek 

ELIZABETH-    Port  Kent 
TOWN  126    St  Armand 

Gny  Head        Union  Society 
Greenville        West  Kill 

Hobart             Walton 

Essex               Schroon  Lake 

Hunter             W.  Lexington 

Kortright          West  Daven- 

Kiskatom         Windham 

Masonville          port 
Meredith          W.Meredith 

Keene               Split  Rock 
Keeseville        Ticonderoga 

Leeds                  do      Centre 
HAMILTON     CO. 

DUTCH  ESS  COUNTY. 

Lewis               Upper  Jay 

A  rietta              Hope 

Adriance         Amenia  Union 

Minerva           Wadham's 

Benson            Hope  Centre 

Amenia           Arthursburgh 

Moriah                Mills 

Gilman            Lake  Pleasant 

52 


Counties,  Towns  and  Post  Offices 


Long  Lake      Sageville 

LEWIS  COUNTY. 

Parma  Centre  South  Chili 

Morehouse       Wells 
Morehouseville 

Brantlngham  Lyonsdale 
Collinsville      MARTINS- 

Penfield            Spencerport 
Perrinton        Sweden 

HERKIMER    CO. 

Constableville     BURGH  142 

Pittsford           Webster 

Cedarville        Mohawk 
Cold  Brook     Newport 
Columbia         Newville 
Crain'sCornersNorway 

Copenhagen    Monterey 
Croghan          Osceola 
Deer  River      Pinckney 
Denmark         Stow's  Square 

Riga                 Wesi  Greece 
ROCHESTER     WT.  Henrietta 
Rush        [251  West  Webster 
Scoltsville        Wheatland 

Danube            Ohio 

Diana               Turin 

MONTGOMERY   CO. 

Dennison's       Ohio  City 
Corners        Page'sCorners 
Devereux         Payne's  Cor- 

Greig               Watson 
Harnsburgh    West  Leyden 
Houseville       W'stLowville 

Ames               Hagaman's 
Amsterdam         Mills 

A  nrif»cvill  A          TJall«vi!l<» 

East  Schuyler    ners       [low 

Indian  River  West  Martins-  j  p^P  '            VrTna  viii« 

Eatonville       Payne's  Hol- 

Leyden                burgh 

Burtonville      Minden 

Fairfield           Pottsville 

Lowville         West  Turin 

Canajoharie    Palatine 

Frankfort         Russia 
Frankfort  Hill  Salisbury 
Germanflats        do      Centre 
HERKIMER  80  Schuyler 
Jlion                 Stark 
Jacksonburgh  Starkville 
Jordanville     VanHornsville 
Litchfield         Warren 
Little  Falls      WestSchuyler 
Manheim         W.Windfield 
do      Centre  Wil  mot 

LIVINGSTON    CO. 

Avon               Mivonie 
Caledonia        Moscow 
Conesus            Mount  Morris 
Cuylerville      N'thDansville 
Dansville         Nunda 
East  Avon       Portage 
East  Spring    Ridge 
Water          River  Road 
Fowlersville        Forks 

Charleston           do     Bridge 
do  4  CornersPort  Jackson 
Cranesville      Root 
Flatcreek         St.  Johnsville 
FONDA      42    Salt  Spring- 
Fort  Hunter        ville 
Fort  Plain        Spraker's 
Freysburg           Basin 
Fultonville      Stone  Arabia 
Glen                 Tribes'  Hill 

Middleville     Windfield 

GENESEO  238  Scottsburgh 
Gibbonsville    South  Avon 

NEW    YORK. 

Haerlem           NEwYoRKl45 

JEFFERSON  CO. 

Adams             North  Wilna 
Adams  Centre  Omar 
Alexandria      Orleans 
do      CentreOxbow 
Antwerp          Pamelia 
Bel  ville               do  4  Corners 
Black  River    Perch  River 

Greigsville       Sparta 
Groveland        Spottswood 
do      CentreSouth  Avon 
HemlockLakeSpring  Water 
Kysorville        Union  Corners 
Lakeville         West  Conesus 
Leicester          West  Sparta 

King's  Bridge 
NIAGARA     COUNTY. 

Cambria           Olcott 
Chalmers         Orange  Port 
County  Line    Pekin 
Hartland         Pendleton 
Hickory  Cor-  Porter 

Brownville       Philadelphia 
Burr's  Mills    Pierrepont 
Cape  Vincent      IVtanor 

Livonia 
MADISON   COUNTY. 

ners               Ransom  ville 
Johnson'sCr'k  Revnales' 
Lewiston             Basin 

Carthage          Pillar  Point 
Champion        Piesis           [la 

Bennett's  Cor-Lenox 
ners               Madison 

LOCKPORT  300  Ruyalton 
Locust  Tree    Somerset 

Clayton            Point  Peninsu- 
Depauville       Redwood 
Dexter              Robert's  Cor- 

Bouckville       Morrisville 
Bridgeport       Nelson 
Brookfield        New  Wood- 

Middleport       So  Royalton 
MountCambriaWheatneld 
New  Fane       Wilsons 

East  Rodman  Rodman  [ners 
Ellisburgh       Rutland 
Evans'  Mills   Sackett'sHar- 
Felt's  Mills         bor        [ners 
Great  Bend      Sanford'sCor- 
Henderson       Smithville 
Hounsfield       South  Rutland 
Lafargeville    Sterlingville 
Le  Ray             Stone  Mills 
Le  Raysville    Stowell'sCor- 
Limerick             ners 
Lorraine          Theresa 
Lyme               Three  Mile 

Canastota            stock 
Cazenovia       No.  Brookfield 
Chittenango    Oneida 
Clockville        Oneida  Lake 
De  Rtiyter       Or.eidaValley 
Earlville           Perryville 
East  HamiltonPeterboro' 
EATON     103     Poolville 
Erieville           Pratt's  Hollow 
Fenner             Siloam 
Georgetown    Smithfield 
Hamilton          Stock-bridge 
Lebanon          Sullivan 

Niagara  Falls  Youngstown 

ONEIDA    COUNTY. 

Alder  Creek    Kirkland 
Annsville          Lairdsville 
Augusta           Lee 
Ava                  Lowell 
Babcock  Hill  McConnells- 
Big  Brook        Marcy     [ville 
Boonville         Marshall 
Bridgewater    NewHartford 
Camden           New  London 
Cassville           N.York  Mills 
Clinton             North  Bay 

Mannsville          Bay 
Military  Road  WATER- 

MONROE    COUNTY. 

Adams's          Hanforcl's 

Deansville        North  Gage 
Deerfield          N'th  Western 

Millen's  Bay      TOWN  160 
Nat  uralBridge  Wilna 
North  Adams  Woodville 

Basin                Landing 
Brighton           Henrietta 
Brockport        HoneoyeFalls 

Delta                 Oneida  Castle 
Durham  ville    Oriskanv 
East  Florence      do      'Falls 

KINGS    COUNTY. 

Charlotte          Irondequoit 

Florence          Paris 

BROOKLYN  146Flatlands 

Churchville     Mendon 

Floyd       [nersParis  Furnace 

Bushwick         Fort  Hamilton 

Clarkson          Mumford 

Greene's  Cor-  Pine 

East  New        Gravesend 

do      CentreNorth  Chili 

Higginsville     Prospect 

York             New  Utrecht 

Egypt               O'Connelville 

Hizerville        Remsen 

Flatbush          Williamsburg 

Greece             Parma 

H  ol  1  and  Patent  Rome 

in  the  State  of  New  York. 


Sangerfield     Verona 

ORANGE    COUNTY. 

West  Monroe  West  Wil- 

Sauquoit          Vienna 
Sconondoa      Walesville 
South  TrentonWaterville 
Steuben            West  Branch 
Stokes               West  Camden 

Accommoda-  Monroe 
tionville             do    Works 
Amity               Montgomery 
Bloomingrove  Mount  Hope 
Bullville            Newburgh 

Williamstown    liamstown 
OTSEGO    COUNTY. 

Burlington       Otego 
do      FlatsOtsego 
Butternuts        Otsdawa 

Taberg             Western 
Trenton           Westernville 
do      Falls  Westmoreland 
UTIPA    93       West  Vienna 
Vernon            WHITES- 
do      Centre    TOWN    96 

Canterbury      NewHampton 
Chester            New  Miltbrd 
Coldennam      New  Vernon 
Cornwall          New  Windsor! 
Craigsville       Otisville 
Crawford          Oxford  Depot 

Cherry  Valley  Pitlsfield 
Colliersville     Plainfield 
CoopERSTowNRichfield 
Decatur       [66    do     Springs 
Sast    Spring-  Rose  boom 
field               SchuylerLake 

ONONDAGA     CO. 

Cuddehackvill  P  .ilipsburgh 
Deer  Park        Poit  J  or  vis 

3ast  Worces-  South  p]dmcs- 
ter                    ton 

Amber           Manlius  Centre 

Edenville         Riclgebury 

".dmeston        South  Valley 

Apulia              Marcellus 

Farmingham  St   Andrews 

3xeter                 do  Worces- 

Baldwinsville        do      Falls 

Finchville        SalisburyMills 

^arrattsville        ter 

Belle  Isle         Marietta 

Florida              Scotchtown 

jilbertsville     Springfield 

Borodino          Mottville 

Gaines              Slate  Hill 

Martwick         Unadilla 

Brewerton       Navarino 

GOSHEN  105     South  Middle- 

do  Seminary    do    Centre 

Camillus           Onondaga 

Hamptonburg     town 

liaurens               do     Forks 

Canal                    do     Hollow 
Cardiff             Oran 

Highland  MillsSugar  Loaf 
Huguenot         Turners 

Slaple  Grove  West  Burling. 
Vlaryland            ton 

Cicero              Otisco 

Kendall            Unionville 

Middle  field      West  Edmes. 

Clay                 Plainville 

Knowlesville  Walding 

do      Centre    ton 

Delphi              Plank  Road 

Little  Britain   Walkill 

Vlilford             West  Exeter 

De  Witt           Polkville 

Lyndonville     Warwick, 

do      Centre  West  ford 

Elbridge          Pompey 

Medina            Wells'  Corner 

VTount  Vision  West  Laurens 

Euclid                 do      Centre 

Middle  Hope   West  Point 

New  Lisbon       do    Oneonta 

Fabius              Salina 

Minisink          West  Town 

Daksville         Westville 

Fairmount       Skaneateles 
Fayetteville    So.  Marcellus 
Geddes             So.  Onondaga 
Hartsville        Spafford 
Howlet  Hill        do    Hollow 
Jack's  Reef    SYRACUSE  146 
Jamesville       Tully 
Jordan             TullyValley 
Kirkville          Van  Buren 
Lafayette             do      Centre 
Liverpool         Vesper 
Lysander         Watervale 
Mandana         Wellington 

ORLEANS     COUNTY. 

ALBION  257      Murray 
Barre                North  Ridge- 
Barre  Centre      way 
Carlton             Oak  Orchard 
Clarendon        Ridge  way 
East  Carlton    Shelby 
East  Gaines     Shelby  Basin 
Gaines              South  Barre 
Hindsburgh     Waterport 
Holley     '        West  Carlton 
Hul  burton,       West  Gaines 

Oneonta           Worcester 
PUTNAM    COUNTY. 

DARMEL  106    Milltown 
Hold  Spring     Patterson 
Doanesburgh  Philips!  own 
Farmers'  MillsPutnamValley 
Haviland  Hoi-Red  Mills 
low               South  East 
£ent                  Towners 
QUEENS  COUNTY. 
Astoria             Jericho 
Buckram         Manhasset 

Manlius           Windfall 

Kendall             \  ates 

TVTillxrill  A 

College  Point  Merrick 

IVllUVlllC 

East  NorwichNewtown 

ONTARIO   COUNTY. 

OSWEGO  COUNTY. 

Farmingdale   North  Hemp- 

Allen's  Hill      Naples 
Bristol               North  Bloom- 
Bristol  Centre      field 
Canadice         Norton's  Mills 
CANANDAT-      Oak's  Corners 

Albion              Palermo 
Amboy             Parish 
Boyleston        Phoenix 
Butterfly           Port  Ontario 
Central  SquareRedfield 

Flushing              stead 
Glen  Cove       Oyster  Bay 
Hempstead          South 
do     Branch  Oyster  Bay 
JAMAICA  158  Rockaway 

GUA      222    Orleans 

Cleveland         Richland 

Jerusalem        Roslyn 

Centrefield       Phelps 

Colos.se              Roosevelt 

South            Syosset 

Chapinville      Port  Gibson 

Constantia       Salmon  River 

RENSSKLAER   CO. 

Cheshire           Reed's  Cor's 

Fulton              Sand  Bank 

Alps                  Grafton 

EastBloomfielRichmond 

Gilbert's  Mills  Sandy  Creek 

Berlin               Greenbush 

Farminarton         do         Mills 

Granby             Schroeppel 

Brunswick       Hoag's  Corner 

Flintcreek        Rushville          |Greenboro'      Scriba 

Brainard's       Hoosick 

Geneva            Seneca              'Hannibal          South  Albion 

Bridge          Hoosick  Falls 

Gorham            Seneca  Castle  Hastings             do    Richland 

Castleton          Junction 

Hall's  Corners  South  Bristol     Hinmansville,  Texas 

Centre  Berlin  Lansingburgh 

Honeoye          Victor                Hull's  CornersUnion  Settle- 

Defriestville     Nassau 

Hopewell         AVest  Bloom-    Kinney's4Cor    ment 

Eagle  Mills     North  Steven. 

Larned's  Cor-     field                Mexico             Union  Square 

East    Green-      town 

ners               West  Farm-     New  Haven    Vermillion 

bush              Petersburgh. 

Manchester         ington            Orwell             Volney 

East  Nassau     do  4  Corners 

do      Centre                        .OSWEGO  167    West  Amboy 

East  SandlakePittstown 

Counties,   Towns  and  Post  Offices 


Poestenkill       South    Scho- 

Ketcham  Cor-Rexford  Flats 

Ervvin  Centre  Pond  Settle. 

Potter  Hill           dack 

ners               Saratoga 

Gibson                 ment 

Prospect  Hill  South  Steven 

Malta                   do    Springs 

Goff's  Mills    Prattsburgh 

Ray  merlon          town 

Maltaville        Schuylerville 

Greenwood     Pultney 

Saudlake          Tomhannock 

Mechanicsvill  South  Corinth 

Hammond's     Purdey  Creek 

Sc  aghticoke  TROY  6 

Milton              Stillwater 

Mills              Rathboneville 

Schodack         West  Sandlak 

Moreau            Visscher  Ferry 

Hartsville         Reading 

do    Centre      do  Stephen- 

Mt  Pleasant   Waterford 

Haskenville          do     Centre 

do    Lantl'g     town 

North  Galway  West  Charlton 

Hornby             Shannon 

Stephentown  Wynantskill 

Northumber-    do    Day 

Hornellsville    South  Came- 

RICHMOND   CO. 

land                 do  Greenfield 

Howard               ron 

Castleton          Southfield 

Pope'sCorners  do     Milton 

Hunter's  LandSouth  Dansvill 

Northfield        Stapleton 
North  Shore    Tompkinsville 
RICHMOND  158\Vestfield 

Porter's  do      Whiteskle's 
Providence          Corners 
Quaker  SpringWilton 

Jasper                  do    Hill 
Kenned  ysville     do    Pultney 
Lindley            Sugar  Hill 

Rossville 

SCHENECTADY   CO. 

Lindleytown    Tlturston 

ROCKLAND    CO. 

Braman's  Cor.Mariaville 

Mt  Washing-Tobehanna 

Clarkstown      Orangetown 
Haverstraw    Piermont 
Mousey            Ramapo 
Nanuet            RocklandLake 
North  Haver-  Scotland 

Duanesburgh  Niskayuna 
East  GlenvillePrincetown 
Glenville          Quaker  Street 
HoffmansFer-Rotterdam  [15 
ry                  SCHEXECTADY 

ton                Towlesville 
Mud  Creek      Troupsburgh 
North  Cohoc-  Tyrone 
ton                Urbana 
North  Reading  Wayne 
do    Thurston"West  Addison 

straw            Tappantown 

SCHOHARIE  CO. 

do    Urbana     do  Greenw'd 

Nyack              West  Hemp- 
do  Turnpike    stead 

Argosville        Gilboa 
3arnerville      Hyndsville 

Orange              do  Troups- 
Painted  Post        burgh 

ST.    LAWRENCE    CO. 

Blenheim         Jefferson 

Palchin's  Mills  West  Union 

Brasher             Morley 

Bruckabeen     Lawyersville 

Peltonville        Wheeler 

Brasher  Fa  11  Morristown 

Broome            Leesville 

Pine  Grove      Woodhull 

Back  Bridge   Nicholviile 
CANTON  206    Norfolk 
Colton               Oak  Point 

Byrneville        Livingstonvill 
Carlisle             Middleburgh 
Central  BridgeMorseville 

Pineville           Wormleys 

SUFFOLK  COUNTY. 

De  Kalb           Ogdensburgh 
De  Peyster      Oswegatchie 
East  Pierpont  Parishville 
Edwards         Pierpont 
Edwardsville  Pitcairn 

>harlotteville  North  Blen- 
Cobleskill             heim 
do       CentreRichmondville 
?onesville        SCHOHARIE  32 
SastCobleskillSeward 

Amagansett     Miller's  Place 
Babylon           Moriches 
Baiting  Hollo'Mount  Sinai 
Bellport            New  Village 
Bridghampton  Northport 

Flackville        Potsdam 

3sperei.ce        Sharon 

Brookhaven     Orient 

Fine                  Rackett  River 
Fowler             Raymondville 
Fullersville      Richville 

?ranklinton         do      Centre 
"'ulton               Sloanville 
Fultonhara       Summit 

3entreport        Patchogue 
Cold      Spring  Port  Jefferson 
Harbor         Quogue 

Gallupville       Waldensville 

Uommack        Riverhead 

Hammond       Russell 

Gardnersville  Wright 

Horam              Sag  Harbor 

Helena             Shingle  Creek 
Hermon           Somerville 
Heuvelton        South  Canton 

SENECA    COUNTY. 

^anoga             Seneca  Falls 
Covert              Sheldrake 

Cutchogue        Sayville 
Dix  Hills          Setauket 
East  HamptonShelter  Island 

Hopkintown      do    Edwards 
Lawrenceville  do  Hammond 

Banner            South  Lodi 
?ayette            Townsendvill 

Fireplace         Smithtown 
Flanders           Southampton 

Lisbon              Southville 

lunius               Tyre 

3ood  Ground  Southold 

Louisville        Stockholm 
Macomb          Waddington 

L,odi                 Varick 
do    Centre    Waterloo 

Greenport        Speonk 
HermitageDe-  Stony  Brook 

Madrid             WcstPotsdam 
Massena            do  Stockholm 

DVID  197          West  Fayette 
Romulus              do    Junius 

pot                 Success 
Huntington      SUFFOLK  226 

Matildaville    Wrightsburgh 
SARATOGA  COUNTY 

STEUBEN     COUNTY. 

Addison           Cohocton 

[slip                   Upper  Aque- 
Jamesport            boque 
Vtanorville       Wading  River 

BALLSTON  30  East  Line 

Arkport            Cold  Spring 

Mattituck        West  Hills 

do      CentreEdgecombe's 
Barkersville        Corners 

Avoca                  Mills 
BATH  216       Cooper'sPlains 

Middle  Island  Yaphauk 

Bemis'  HightsEdinburgh 

Bennett  CreekCorning 

SULLIVAN   COUNTY. 

Blenheim         Fortsville 

Bradford          Cossville 

Barryville        Collikoon 

Burnt  Hills      Galway 

BrimmersvilleDansville 

Beaverbrook    Fallsburgh 

Charlton           Grangerville 

Cameron          Doty's  Corner 

Beaverkill        Forestburgh 

Clifton  Park     Greenfield 

Campbell         East  Cameron 

Bethel               Fosterdale 

Corinih                 do      Centre 

do      Creek   do    Canisteo 

BloomingburgGales 

Coveville         Hadley 

do      Town  do    Painted 

Bridgeville       Glen  Wild 

Day                  Half-Moon 

Canisteo               Post 

Burlingham     Grahamsville 

Dean's  CornerJoiiesville 

Catoii               Erwin 

Cochecton       Hartwood 

in  the  State  of  New  York. 


55 


Hasbrouck       Purvis 

Rondout          The  Corner     I  South  Butler    West  Wai- 

Liberty            Rockland 

Rosendale        Tuthill              [South  Sodus        worth 

Lumberland     Sandburgh 

Saugerties       Ulsterville         Walworth        Williamson 

Monticello       Thompson 
Mamakating    Thompsonville 

Shandaken      Warwarsing     West  Butler    Wolcott 
do    Centre  West  Camp     |Westburgh 

Narrowsburg  West   Broak- 

Shawangunk       do     Hurley 

WESTfHESTER  CO. 

Neversink           ville 

Shokan             Woodstock 

BEDFORD  130  Port  Chester 

Parksville        White  Lake 

Southwick 

Cortland           Poundridge 

Philipsport        Woodbourne 
Pond  Eddy      Wurtsboroug' 

WARREN   COUNTY. 

Athol                Hyde 

Cortlandtown  Rye 
Cross  River      Salem  Centre 

TIOCA    COUNTY. 

Bolton              Johnsburgh 

Croton  Falls    Scarsdale 

Apalachin        Nichols 

CALDWELL  62  Luzerne 

Dobb's  Ferry  Shrub  Oak 

Barton              OWEGO     167 

Chester             Pottersville       (East  Chester  Sing  Sing 

Berkshire         Richford 

Chestertown    Queensbury      j  Greenburgh     Somers 

Campbell         Sliawnee 

Glen's  Falls     Stony  Creek      Harrison           South  Salem 

Candor             Smithsboro' 

Hague              The  Glen 

LewisboroughTarrytown 

Canfield's        South  Owego 
Corners        Spencer 

Horicon           Warrensburg 

Mamoroneck  The  Purchase 
Moringville      Tuckahoe 

Factoryville    Tioga 

WASHINGTON   CO. 

Mt.  Pleasant    Verplanck 

Flemineville  Tioga  Centre 

Anaquascook  Hartford 

New  Castle     Vista 

HalseyValley  West  Candor 
Newark           West  Newark 

Argyle              Hebron 
Bartenviile       Jackson 

do    RochelleWestchester 
North  Castle    West  Farms 

do      ValleyWillseyville 

Buskirk's        Kingsbury 
Bridge          Lake 

do    Salem       do    Somers 
Ossinsinsr         WHJTEPLAINS 

TOMPK1NS  CO. 

Burdett             Mecklinburgh 

Cambridge      LowHampton,Peeksville         Whitlockville 
Centre  Cam-  Middle  Gran-    Pelham            Yonkers 

Caroline           Mott'sCorners 

bridge               ville 

Pine's  Bridge  Yorktown 

do      CentreNewfield 

Centre  White  North  Argyle 

Plessantville 

Cayutaville     North  Hector 

Creek           do  Easton 

WYOMING  COUNTY. 

Danby                do    Newfield 

Comstock's     do  Granville 

A  ttio.i                           ATidi)  !.•!  in  r\' 

Dryden              do    Lansing 
East  Lansing  Peruville 
Enfield            Reynoldsville 

Landing       do  Greenwich  %£*£  Centre  N^hj'ava 
Dresden            do  Hebron        Bennillgton         do    Sheldon 
E.  GreenwichNorth  White     n.«.JuT               Hn  w«th*>rs_ 

do    Centre  Searsburgh 

Easton                   Creek 

,-,,.                                        ,.     ,  , 

Etna                 Seneca 
Groton              Slaterville 

East  Salem      Patten's  Mills 
Fort  Ann         Putnam 

Covington       Orangeville 

Hector             South  Danby 
ITHACA     170       do    Lansing 
Jacksonville    Speedsville 

Fort  Edward  Salem 
Fort  Edward  SANDYHILLSO 
Centre          Shusan 

Dale                 Perry 
Eagle                  do    Centre 
Eist  China       Pike 

Lake  Ridge     Trumansburg 
Lansing            Ulysses 
Lansingville    Varna 
Logan              Waterbury 
Ludlowville    West  Dryden 

Fort  Miller      South  Argyle 
Galesville          do  Easton 
Granville           do   Granville 
Greenwich        do  Hartford 
Griswold'a      West  Hebron 

do    Java         Sheldon 
Gainesville       Strykersville 
Genesee  Falls  Varysburgh 
Hermitage        Vernol 
Java                 \VARSAW  303 

McLean           West  Groton 

Mills             White  Creek 

do    Village   Wethersfield 

ULSTER    COUNTY. 

Hampton         Whitehall 

Johnsburgh         do      Spring 

Accord             MarMetown 

WAYNE    COUNTY. 

La  Grange       Wyoming 

Amesville        Marlborough 

Alloway           Marion 

YATES  COUNTY. 

Beach  Hill       Milton 

Arcadia            Newark 

Barrington       Middlesex 

Bruynswick     Modena 

Butler               Ontario 

Benton             Milo 

Esopus             Napanock 

Clyde                Palmyra 

do     Centre    do    Centre 

Glasco              New  Hurley 

East  Palmyra  Port  Glasgow 

Big     Stream  North  Middle- 

High  Falls       New      Palts 

Fairville           Pultneyville 

Point                 sex 

Hurley                 Landing 

Galen               Red  Creek 

Branchport      Penn  Yan 

KINGSTON  98   New  Paltz 

Huron               Rose 

Dundee            Potter 

Kyserike          Olive 

Locke  Berlin  Salmon  Creek 

Ferguson  Cor  Rock  Stream 

Lackawack       do    Bridge 

LYONS  181        Savannah 

Italy                  South  Milo 

Lake  Hill         Plattekill 

Macedon         Sodus 

do    Hill          Starkey 

Lloyd               River  Side 

do      Centre    do    Centre 

do    Hollow   West  Dresden 

Maiden            Rochester 

Marengo             do    Point 

Jerusalem        Yatesville 

The  longest  day  in  Great  Britain  is  17  hours  and  2  minutes.  In  the 
United  States,  it  is  only  14  hours  and  50  minutes.  The  shortest  day  in 
Great  Britain  is  7  hours  and  20  minutes,  in  the  United  States  it  is  9 
hours  and  10  minutes. 


56  Stage  and  Mail  Routes. 


STAGE  AND  MAIL  ROUTES  IN  OLDEN  TIME. 
In  June,  1785,  a  company  of  stage  proprietors  undertook  to  make  the 
land  passage  to  New  York  from  Albany,  "  the  most  easy  and  agree- 
able, as  well  as  the  most  expeditious,"  by  performing  the  journey  in 
two  days,  at  3d.  a  mile;  but  in  the  fall  of  the  year,  "  for  the  ease  of  the 
passengers,"  the  time  of  running  was  changed  to  three  days,  and  the 
price  raised  to  4d.  a  mile,  "  agreeably  to  act  of  assembly."  This  was  a 
chartered  company,  the  legislature  having  in  the  above  year  granted  to 
Isaac  Van  Wyck,  Talmage  Hall  and  John  Kinney,  the  exclusive  right 
"  to  erect,  set  up,  carry  on,  and  drive,"  stage  wagons  between  Albany 
and  New  York,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Hudson  river,  for  a  term  of  ten 
years,  and  restrained  all  opposition  under  a  penalty  of  £200.  They  were 
to  have  at  least  two  covered  wagons,  each  drawn  by  four  able  horses, 
the  fare  was  limited  to  4d.  a  mile,  and  the  trips  to  be  performed  once  a 
week,  under  the  penalty  of  the  forfeiture  of  their  charter.  At  this  time 
the  post  office  at  Albany  served  not  only  for  the  adjoining  towns,  as  Sche- 
nectady  and  Greenbush,  but  also  for  Orange  and  Dutchess  counties, 
Cherry  Valley,  &c.,  and  letters  were  advertised  even  for  Vermont.  By 
the  post  office  arrangements  of  January,  1786,  the  New  York  mail  ar- 
rived twice  a  week,  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays.  The  post  office  busi- 
ness at  this  time  could  not  have  been  very  extensive,  there  being  but 
two  mails  in  the  week,  one  from  New  York,  and  the  other  from  Spring- 
field, which  were  so  unimportant  that  for  several  years  after  the  routes 
were  called  cross-roads  in  the  government  contracts,  and  terminated  at 
the  city.  The  communication  with  the  neighboring  counties  and  states 
was  kept  up  by  post  riders,  wrho  met  at  certain  points  and  interchanged 
letters  and  papers,  and  when  the  business  was  not  sufficient  to  support 
them,  subscriptions  were  raised  for  the  purpose  among  such  citizens  as 
were  interested  in  their  continuance In  1789  a  stage  commenced  run- 
ning from  Platt's  Inn  in  Lansingburgh,  to  Lewis's  City  Tavern,  Albany, 
three  limes  a  week,  Mondays,  Wednesdays,  and  Fridays.  The  bill  of 

fare  down  and  back  was  4s.;  fare  one  way  3s In  1790  a  post  of  this 

kind  left  Albany  on  Monday  afternoon,  and  reached  Schenectady  the 
same  day;  was  at  Johnstown  on  Tuesday,  at  Canajoharie  on  Wednesday, 
at  Fort  Plain  on  Thursday,  at  Fort  Hunter  and  Warrensbush  on  Friday, 
and  arrived  at  Albany,  on  its  return,  Monday  forenoon.  The  post  to 
Vermont  left  the  city  on  Monday  evening,  arrived  at  Pittstown  on  Tues- 
day, at  Bennington  on  Wednesday,  at  Little  White  Creek  and  Cambridge 
on  Thursday,  at  Tomhannic  and  Schaghticoke  on  Friday,  and  at  Hoosic 
on  Saturday.  This  was  also  the  mode,  and  almost  the  only  means,  of 

circulating  newspapers  at  that  day It  was  mentioned  at  this  time 

( 1790) ,  that  the  trade  and  commerce  of  the  United  States  had  been  greatly 
benefitted  by  the  regulations  at  the  general  post  office,  whereby  the  mail 
was  transported  five  times  a  week  between  New  York  and  Philadelphia; 
and  the  post  master  general  had  signified  his  intention  to  make  the  same 
arrangements  between  New  York  and  Baltimore,  at  the  beginning  of  the 

next  year In  February,  1790,  the  legislature  granted  Ananias  Platt 

the  exclusive  right  of  running  a  stage  between  Albany  and  Lansing- 
burgh.  Four  years  later,  Mr.  Platt,  "  grateful  for  public  custom,"  un- 
dertook to  run  his  stage  twice  a  day  from  Lansingburgh  to  Albany  and 
back.  In  the  winter  of  1795  he  had  increased  the  number  of  daily  trips 


Stage  and  Mail  Routes.  57 

to  six.  In  the  summer  of  1796,  the  amount  of  travelling  had  increased 
so  much  as  to  employ  twenty  stages  daily  between  Waterford,  Lansing- 
burgh,  Troy  and  Albany,  averaging  more  than  150  passengers  a  day...  .In 
1791,  the  post  master  general  was  authorized  by  law  to  extend  the  post 
route  from  Albany  to  Bennington,  Vt.;  and  the  first  mail  reached  that 
place  on  the  25th  of  March,  the  anniversary  of  the  settlement  of  the 
town  thirty  years  before.  The  printers  complained  of  the  careless  and 
irregular  manner  in  which  the  New  York  mail  was  carried.  It  appears 
that  the  contract  required  the  mail  to  be  carried  but  once  a  week,  though 
the  carriers  generally  took  it  twice,  and  thereby  exceeded  their  con- 
tract  It  may  be  here  remarked,  that  the  length  of  all  the  post  routes 

in  the  state,  is  now,  1848.  above  13,000  miles In  1792,  by  the  act  of 

congress  for  extending  post  roads,  and  fixing  the  rates  of  postage,  the 
mail  route  from  Albany  to  Bennington  was  extended  through  the  state 
of  Vermont  to  the  north  part  of  this  state  on  Lake  Chatnplain;  and  a 
post  road  established  from  Albany  through  Schenectady  to  Canajoharie. 
The  rates  of  postage  on  newspapers  were  about  the  same  as  they  are 
now,  with  the  exception  of  the  odious  three  cent  appendage.  A  post 
was  established  in  the  same  year  from  Albany  to  Whitestown,  as  a  pri- 
vate enterprise,  which  performed  the  route  once  a  fortnight  Several 
gentlemen  in  the  Genesee  country,  established  another  to  meet  the  one 
at  Whitestown,  by  which  a  communication  was  opened  between  Albany 
and  the  far  went.  The  latter  post  passed  through  Geneva,  Canandar- 
qua,  Canawargus  and  Williamsburgh.  Towns  were  then  few  and  far 
between.  There  were  but  7  in  Saratoga  county,  3  in  Herkimer,  and 
4  in  Montgomery.  Postmaster  General  Pickering's  advertisements  for 
contracts  to  carry  the  mails,  also  proposed  to  extend  the  post  road  w*st 
of  Albany,  "  from  Connojorharrie  to  Whitestown,  and  thence  to  Kanan- 
darqua."  About  the  same  time  a  private  post  was  established  from 
Niagara  to  the  Genesee  river,  where  it  met  the  one  previously  mentioned, 
and  interchanged  letters  and  papers.  By  this  means  a  chain  of  com- 
munication was  opened  through  the  whole  extent  of  the  state,  and  the 
Messrs.  Webster  in  Albany  received  and  forwarded  letters  gratuitously 
to  every  part  of  the  country  where  there  were  no  mails.  Some  one  pro- 
posed this  year  to  establish  a  line  of  stages  from  Albany  to  Whitestown, 
a  project  which  the  editor  of  the  Gazette  says,  would  have  been  ridi- 
culed at  an  earlier  day,  but  which  the  great  intercourse  with  the  west- 
ern country  might  justify,  and  answer  a  valuable  purpose,  if  the  pro- 
prietors could  succeed  in  contracting  for  the  mail.  In  the  spring  of  1793- 
Moses  Beal  c>  erected  a  stage,"  to  use  his  own  words,  "  for  the  accom, 
modation  of  passengers  from  Albany  to  Schenectady,  Johnstown,  and 
Canajohary,  once  a  week."  It  left  Albany  at  6  o'clock  on  Friday 
morning,  and  arrived  at  Canajoharie  the  next  day.  The  fare  was  3c. 
a  mile.  It  returned  on  Tuesday.  He  proposed  to  go  occasional!)  as 
far  as  Little  Falls,  if  desired!  The  success  of  these  enterprises  embold- 
ened others;  and  we  find  that  one  John  Hudson,  inn  keeper,  established 
a  line  of  stages  to  run  between  Albany  and  Schenectady,  three  times  a 
week;  and  John  Rodgers,  of  Ballston,  ran  a  line  from  that  place  to  con- 
nect with  it,  by  which  a  regular  communication  was  now  first  established 
for  the  convenience  of  those  who  visited  the  springs.  The  fare  was  4s. 
to  Schenei-tady;  those  who  continued  through  were  charged  3d.  a  mile. 
A  still  bolder  scheme  was  undertaken,  to  connect  the  city  with  the  val- 
ley of  the  Connecticut,  by  a  line  of  stages  to  Northampton.  Arrange- 


58  Stage  and  Mail  Routes. 

ments  having  been  made  in  the  fall  of  the  above  year,  a  stage  started 
from  each  end  of  the  line  on  Tuesdays  and  Fridays,  in  the  morning,  and 
met  at  Pittsfield  in  the  evening,  accomplishing  the  entire  route  in  two 
days.  The  proprietors,  in  their  appeal  to  the  public  for  patronage,  re- 
mark, that  the  difficulty  of  extending  a  line  of  stages  across  the  moun- 
tains, had  always  been  considered  insurmountable,  but  reflecting  that 
such  an  establishment  would  complete  the  line  of  an  expeditious  and 
sure  communication  from  "  Portland,  in  the  province  of  Maine,"  through 
a  rich  and  flourishing  country,  to  Whitestown,  in  the  western  part  of  the 
state  of  New  York,  a  distance  of  upwards  of  400  miles,  they  had  de- 
termined to  make  the  experiment.  The  fare  was  4c.  a  mile. ...  In  1794 
the  post  routes  from  Albany,  or  centering  in  Albany,  had  increased  to 
five,  as  follows,  preserving  the  post  master  general's  orthography. 
1st.  Form  Albany  to  Kinderhook,  Hudson.  Clermont,  Redhook,  Rhine- 
beck,  Poughkeepsie,  Fishkill,  Pickskill  and  Newr  York,  once  a  week. 
2d.  From  Albany  to  Lansingburgh,  Bennington,  Manchester,  Rutland, 
Middleburgh,  Vergennes  and  Burlington,  once  a  week.  3d.  From  Alba- 
ny to  New  Lebanon,  Pittsfield,  Worthington,  Northampton  and  Brook- 
field,  once  a  week.  4tb.  From  Albany  to  Kinderhook,  Stockbridge  and 
Springfield,  once  a  week.  5th.  From  Albany  to  Scheneclady,  Johns- 
town, Canajohary,  German  Flatts,  Whitestown,  Old  Fort  Schuyler,  On- 
ondaga,  Aurora,  Scipio,  Geneva  and  Kanandaigua,  once  in  two  weeks. 
A  branch  ran  from  Canajohary  through  Cherry  Valley  to  Cooperstown, 

once  a  week In  January,  1795,  Mr.  John  Hudson  ran  two  stages,  one 

of  four  horses  and  the  other  of  two,  daily  between  Albany  and  Sche- 
nectady,  and  Ananias  Platt  soon  after  went  upon  the  same  line,  making 
four  trips  a  day.  The  fare  to  New  York  by  stage  this  year,  was  re- 
duced to  3.£  4s.  ($3).  It  is  understood  that  the  price  was  usually  $10. 
In  the  following  year  it  was  reduced  to  $6  in  the  summer;  the  fare  from 

Albany  to  Fort  Schuyler  was  $2'50;  to  Whitestown.  $3 In  the  same 

year  also  (1796),  the  mails  made  the  transit  between  Albany  and  Phila- 
delphia, a  distance  of  about  260  miles,  in  three  days,  and  from  Boston 
to  Philadelphia  in  four  days,  from  Savannah  to  Philadelphia  in  thirteen 

days The  post  roads  diverging  from  Albany  were  further  increased 

in  1797,  through  northern  towns.  A  list  of  the  roads  and  distances  in 
various  directions  from  Albany,  this  year,  was  as  follows: 

ALBANY   TO    HARTFORD   AND    NEW   HAVEN. 

Miles. 

Sheffield, 4 

Canaan, 8 

Norfolk, 6 

Dr.  Bid  well's, 4 

Phelps's  (Green  Woods)  , 5 

Austin's  (New  Hartford), 5 

Case's  (Symsbury), 7 

Northington, 4 

West  Hartford, 5 

Hartford, 4 

Middletown, 15 

New  Haven, 23 

138 


Miles. 
Col.Visscher's  and  JohnStaats's 

Greenbush, 1 

McKown's, 4 

Smith's 6 

John  Miller's 1 


Kinderhook  Plains, 4 

Kinderhook  Mills, 2 

Buck's  Tavern, 5 

Spencertown, 7 

Green  river 5 

Derby's, 5 

Egremont,  foot  of  Nabletown 

mountain, 1 

Cook's, 4 

Baker's,  in  Gt.  Barringlon  ...  1 


Stage  and  Mail  Routes. 


59 


Carpenter's 
•  Buck's 


ALBANY  TO   NIAGARA. 
Miles. 

Humphrey's  Tavern, 2 

McKown's, 3 

Douw's, 2 

Truax's, 5 

Schenectady, 4 

Groat's 12 

John  Fonda's, 12 

Conally's, 7 

Roseboom'sFer.(Can'joharie),  3 

Hudson's  (Indian  Castle),.. ..  13 

Aldridge's  (German  Flatts),..  11 

Brayton's, 13 

Old  Fort  Schuyler 3 


Whitestown, 4 

Home  (Fort  Stanwix), 12 

Whitestown  to  Laird's  Tavern,  9 

Oneida  Castle, 8 

Wemp's, 5 

John  Denna's, 7 

ALBANY  TO 

Flatts, 5 

Waterford, 7 

Half-Moon, 6 

Sti  11  water, 4 

Ensign's, 6 

Du  Mont's  Ferry, 8 

Fort  Edward, 12 

Sandy  Hill, 2 

Fort  Ann, 10 

Skeensborough, 12 

Dr.  Smith's, 8 


Miles. 

Foster's, 5 

Morehouse's, 6 

Keeler's  or  Danforth's, 5 

15 
3 

Goodrich's, 8 

Huggins's, 4 

Cayuga, v 7 

Seneca, 3 

Geneva, 11 

Amsden's, 6 

Wells's, 8 

Sanburne's  (Canandarqua),. ..      4 


Sears's  &  Peck's, 13 

Genesee  river, 


14 

40 


Indiantown  Tonawanda,... 

Niagara, 35 

310 

MONTREAL. 

Burlington, 70 

Sandbar, 14 

John  Martin's 14 

Savage's  Point, 6 

Windmill     "     6 

Isle  au  Noix, 12 

St.  John's, 14 

Laperara, 18 

Montreal, 9 

232 


McKown's, 5 

Strong's, 

Schermerhorn's, 

Lebanon  Springs, 

Pittsfield, 

Partridgetield 

Worthington 


ALBANY    TO    BOSTON. 

Northampton, 13 

Belchertown, 15 

Brookfield, 15 

Leicester, 13 

Worcester, 13 

Boston, 44 


Chesterfield," 7  177 

Note. — From  Worcester  to  Boston  the  country  is  almost  one  continued 
village,  and  houses  of  entertainment  in  no  instance  of  two  or  three  miles. 


ALBANY  TO  NEW  YORK  AND  PHILADELPHIA. 


Greenbush. 


McKown's. 4] 


Smith's 
J  Miller's, 


Kinderhook, » 4 

Claverack, 14 

Livingston's  Manor, 7 

Swart's, 15 


Kinderhook  Plains, 4l|Rhinebeck, 9 


60 


Stage  and  Mail  Routes. 


Miles. 

Staatsburgh, 6 

Poughkeepsie, 11 

Fishkill, 14 

Nelson's  (Highlands),  ... 11 

Peekskill, 9 

Odell's, 10 


Miles. 

Conklin's, 12 

Kingsbridge, 12 

New  York, 15 

Philadelphia, 95 

260 


So  little  improvement  was  made  in  regard  to  speed,  that  in  1804  a  line 
of  stages  commenced  running  between  Albany  and  New  York,  which 
occupied  three  days  in  the  journey,  lodging  the  first  night  at  Rhinebeck, 
and  the  next  at  Peekskill.  The  avowed  object  of  this  line  was  the  ease 
of  the  traveller,  who  was  allowed  all  the  time  requisite  to  make  the  pas- 
sage agreeable.  As  far  as  time  was  concerned,  surely  no  one  could  de- 
sire to  be  longer  on  the  road.  Fare  $8.  The  steam  boats  soon  after  this 
introduced  a  new  mode  of  conveying  travellers  and  the  mail,  with  ease 

and  comfort  to  the  passenger,  and  a  considerable  increase  of  speed In 

1811  a  line  of  stages  was  formed  from  Albany  to  Niagara  Falls,  which 
accomplished  the  journey  in  three  days,  at  the  following  rales:  from, 
Albany  to  Utica,  $5'50;  Utica  to  Geneva,  $5;  Geneva  1o  Canandaigua, 
$5  75;  and  from  thence  to  Buffalo  at  6c.  a  mile. . .  .In  1814  a  line  of  stages 
was  established  by  a  Mr.  Hicks,  to  run  between  Albany  and  Brattle- 
boro',  to  carry  the  mail  twrice  a  week,  but  to  make  the  trip  between  the 
two  places  in  one  day.  It  was  thought  the  journey  to  Boston  could  be 

performed  with  greater  safety  by  this  route  than  any  other In  1818 

a  line  of  stages  commenced  running  between  Albany  and  Montreal,  on 
the  west  side  of  Lake  Champlain,  transporting  the  mail  three  times  a 
week.  By  continued  gradations,  Albany  became  the  centre  of  a  large 
amount  of  stage  travel,  which  increased  from  year  to  year  until  about 
1830,  the  dawning  of  the  rail  road  era.  Lines  of  stages  diverged  to  every 
point  of  the  compass,  and  its  streets  were  thronged  with  vehicles  de- 
parting and  arriving  at  all  hours  of  the  day  and  night.  There  were 
several  lines  daily  to  Buffalo,  to  Montreal,  to  New  York,  and  to  Boston. 
There  was  a  line  to  Boston  by  the  way  of  Charlestown,  N.  H.,  one  by 
Brattleboro',  Vt.,  one  by  Greenfield,  Mass.,  and  one  by  Springfield,  Mass  , 
and  one  by  Hartford,  Ct.  Besides  these  there  were  numerous  less  im- 
portant lines.  The  firms  of  Thorp  &  Sprague,  and  Baker  &  Walbridge, 
owned  an  incredible  number  of  stage  coaches,  which  were  subsequently 
laid  up  on  the  completion  of  the  rail  roads,  and  other  improvements  in 
traveling,  and  many  hundreds  of  worn  out  horses  went  to  their  rest.  The 
glory  of  this  business  has  departed;  its  tired  horses  and  tired  men  have 
been  superseded  by  the  iron  horse,  which  never  tires.  Troy  is  now  the 
seat  of  staging  operations  in  this  region;  a  few  straggling  lines  take  the 
northern  routes  over  the  mountains,  and  short  lines  penetrate  sections 
of  the  country  remote  from  the  rail  roads.  One  line  still  occupies  the 
route,  over  the  Cherry  Valley  turnpike,  terminating  at  Syracuse;  through 
in  24  hours;  fare  $2'75,  or  thereabout.  This  route  accommodates  such 
as  halt  at  by-places,  or  are  a  little  doubtful  of  their  entire  personal  sa/ety 
behind  a  locomotive.  Mr.  Joseph  Webster,  who  is  the  veteran  stager 
of  the  day.  also  traverses  the  Helderberg  ridge  with  a  six  horse  team, 
to  Rensselaerville,  and  another  line  leaves  the  Clinton  Hotel,  keeping 
up  a  communication  with  Schoharie. 


Routes  of  Travel.  61 


PRINCIPAL  ROUTES  OF  TRAVEL  DIVERGING  FROM 
ALBANY. 

ALBANY  TO  TROY. 

During  the  season  of  navigation  there  are  three  modes  of  conveyance 
between  Albany  and  Troy,  viz.: 

1st.  By  stage  which  leaves  the  General  Stage  Office,  No.  436  Broad- 
way, Albany,  and  the  hotels  on  River  street,  Troy,  half-hourly,  from 
6  A.  M.  to  7  P.  M.  Fare  12£  cents. 

2d  By  steamboat,  hourly,  from  the  foot  of  State  street,  Albany,  and 
the  Steamboat  Landins,  River  street,  Troy.  Fare  12£  cents. 

3d.  By  the  Troy  and  Greenbush  Rail  Road,  hourly,  from  about  6  A. 
M.  to  7  P.  M.,  from  the  East  Albany  depot,  and  the  east  end  of  the  rail 
road  bridge,  Troy.  Fare  20  cents. 


BETWEEN  ALBANY  AND  BUFFALO. 

Between  Albany,  Niagara  Falls  and  Buffalo,  there  are  several  routes 
and  modes  of  conveyance. 

1st.  By  rail  road  to  Sclvenectady,  thence  by  rail  road  or  packet  boats 
running  on  the  Erie  canal. 

2d.  By  rail  road  or  canal  to  Rome,  thence  by  stage  on  plank  road  and 
stearn  boat,  via.  Oswego. 

3d.  By  rail  road,  stage  or  canal  to  Syracuse,  thence  by  rail  road  or 
canal  and  steam  boat,  via.  O&wego. 

4th.  By  rail  road  or  canal  to  Rochester,  thence  by  rail  road,  canal  or 
steam  boat. 

At  Ulica,  Rome,  Syracuse  and  Rochester,  passengers  can  change  from 
the  cars  to  the  packets  or  line  boats,  and  vice  versa,  without  any  incon- 
venience. There  are  also  many  points  between  Schenectady  and  Utica, 
where  a  change  may  be  made. 

BY  ERIE  CANAL  AND  PACKET  BOATS. 

During  the  season  of  canal  navigation,  there  are  two  daily  lines  of 
packet  boats  from  Schenectady  to  Buffalo,  navigating  the  Erie  canal. 
Leave  Schenectady  for  Buffalo  about  9  A.  M.  and  9  P.  M.,  or  on  the 
arrival  of  the  morning  and  evening  cars  from  Albany.  Fare  from 
Schenectady  to  Albany,  by  rail  road,  50  cents.  Leave  Buffalo  also  about 
the  same  hours  for  Schenectady,  arriving  morning  and  evening  in  time 
for  passengers  to  proceed  without  delay  by  rail  road  to  Albany.  At 
Lockport  the  packet  boats  connect  with  the  cars  running  between  Lock- 
port  and  Niagara  Falls,  and  which  connect  with  cars  between  Niagara 
Falls  and  Buffalo.  Travellers  who  wish  a  more  economical  mode  thaa 
by  packet  or  cars,  can  travel  by  line  boats,  which  afford  good  accommo- 
dations at  a  cheap  rate.  The  usual  charge  for  passage  and  board  being 
about  one  and  a  half  cents  per  mile,  or  one  cent  per  mile  without  board. 
Line  boats  reach  Buffalo  from  Albany  in  about  seven  days.  Distance 
364  miles. 

5 


62 


Routes  of  Travel. 


PACKET    BOAT    TO    BUFFALO. 


Stopping  Places. 

a, 

o 
* 

5 
o 
H 

Stopping  Places. 

£< 

0 

£ 

ii 

"o 
H 

Port  Schuyler,  

6 
1 
2 
1 

3 
6 
7 
4 
9 
8 
5 
2 
8 
9 
3 
3 
5 
4 
2 
5 
7 
1 
5 
9 
3 
1 

! 

I 

3 
4 
2 
3 
5 

3 
5 

4 
8 
1 
2 
4 
2 
5 
2 

6 
7 
9 
10' 
13 
19 
26 
30 
39 
47 
52 
54 
57 
66 
69 
72 
77 
81 
83 
88 
95 
96 
101 
110 
113 
114 
117 
125 
127 
129 
132 
136 
133 
141 
146 
150 
153 
158 
162 
170 
171 
173 
177 
179 
184 
186 

4 
1 
5 
1 
2 
6 
6 
5 
5 
4 
6 
1 
3 
5 
4 
3 
2 
2 
1 
1 
3 
3 
4 
6 
10 
2 
3 
3 
2 
5 
4 
6 
2 
1 
4 
4 
3 
3 
3 
2 
7 
7 
12 
8 
1 
3 

190 
191 
196 
197 
199 
205 
211 
216 
221 
225 
231 
232 
235 
240 
244 
247 
249 
251 
252 
253 
256 
259 
263 
269 
279 
281 
284 
287 
289 
294 
298 
304 
306 
307 
311 
315 
318 
321 
324 
326 
333 
340 
352 
360 
361 
364 

West  Troy          

Junction  Champlain  Canal, 

Port  Byron    

Clyde,  

Lock  Berlin,  

Lockville,  

Port  Gibson              • 

Fort  Plain,  

St  Johnsville,  

"        Centre,  

Indian  Castle                 .  .  .  .  • 

LittleFalls,  

Herkimer  Lower  Bridge...  . 
"        Upper      "       ... 
Frankfort  

Bushnell's  "      

Pittsford  

Billinahurst's  Basin    ...... 

thica         

York  Mills,  

Adams's       *  '      

Cooley's       "     

Wood  Creek        

Holley,  

Medina,  

Shelby  Basin     

Kirkville,  

Manlius,  

Geddes,  

Belisle,  

Black  Rock  

Peru,  

Buffalo,  

Routes  of  Travel. 


63 


BY    RAIL    ROAD. 

Leave  Albany  for  Buffalo  and  intermediate  places  about  7  A.  M ,  and 
1  and  7  P.  M.;  running  through  to  Buffalo  in  about  seventeen  hours,  and 
connecting  at  Buffalo  with  boats  running  to  all  ports  on  tlie  upper  lakes. 
Leave  Buffalo  for  Albany  about  8A.M.,  and  1  and  5  P.  M.,  connecting 
with  the  morning  and  evening  steam  boats  for  New  York,  and  cars  for 
Boston,  &.c. 


Stopping  Places. 

— 
o 

CM 

"5 

£ 

i 

OJ 

e 

Stopping  Places. 

OH 
O 

£ 

.2 
o 
H 

1 

17 

It 

•50: 

j 

165 

Hoffman's  Ferry,  .  . 

9 

96 

•75 

4 

169 

Crane's  Village,  

4 
4 

30 
34 

•90 
1  00 

Auburn,  26  miles,.. 

5 
1] 

174 
185 

5-05 

Tribe's  Hill,  

5 
ft 

39 
44 

1  15 
•30 

jSeneca  Falls,  
Waterloo,  

5 
3 

190 
193 

Yost's  

6 

50 

45 

Ga°e's     .......... 

3 

196 

3 

53 

55 

Genevq          

4 

200 

Palatine  Bridge,  — 
Fort  Plain 

3 
3 

56 
59 

•65 
•75 

Oak's  Corners,  .... 
Vienna                       » 

5 
3 

205 
208 

9 

61 

85 

Clifton,  

4 

212 

St   John^ville 

1 

64 

90 

4 

216 

East  Canada  Creek, 

3 

67 

2-00 

3 

219 

Little  Falls,  

7 

74 

2-20 

Canandaigua,  

.3 

900 

Herkimer    ........ 

7 

81 

2*40 

10 

?32 

3 

84 

2'60' 

Fisher's  

4 

236 

Utica,  94*  miles,..  . 

11 
4 

95 
99 

275 

Railroad  Mills,.... 

1 
5 

237 
242 

3 

10? 

5 

247 

7 

1()9 

Rochecter,  77  miles 

4 

251 

7-55 

Green's  Corners,  ^.  . 

5 

114 

Cold  Water    

6 

257 

4 

1IS 

Chili  

4 

961 

Onei  Ja             .  .  •    .  . 

4 

]99 

Churchville    ..... 

4 

265 

3 

125 

Wardville  

3 

96* 

3 

]9S 

4 

979 

3 

131 

Byron,  

4 

976 

Chi  ttpnan°po,  

9 

133 

Bata  via,  .......... 

7 

283 

Kirkville  

5 

13S 

Alexander  ........ 

8 

991 

]Vlanlius     

9 

140 

Attica   44  miles   •  •  • 

4 

295 

De  Witt  

^ 

145 

Darien  City    

4 

299 

Syracuse,  53  miles,. 

3 

0 

14S 
150 

4-25 

Darien  Centre,  .... 
\|,Jcn  

2 
6 

301 
307 

fi 

156 

Town  Line 

4 

11 

Hish  Embankment, 

a 

159 

6 

317 

Half-  Way  House,.. 
Elbridse  

2 
3 

161 
164 

Cheektawaga,  
'Buffalo  i  

4 
5 

321 
326 

9-75 

At  a  meeting  of  the  superintendents  of  the  several  rail  roads  forming 
the  line  between  Albany  and  Buffalo,  in  October,  1848,  the  following 
schedule  was  adopted,  which  went  into  operation  on  the  23d  of  that 
month. 


64 


Routes  of  Travel. 


GOING  WEST. 


Leave  Albany,  ......  7 

Schenectady..  8 
Utica,  ......  ..12 

Syracuse,....  3 

Auburn  .......  4  15 

Rochester,...  8  30 

Arrive  at  Buflalo,..  .12  30  A.  M. 


P.M. 


P.M. 
" 


2 
3 

830     " 
2230A.M. 
230     " 
9          " 
1 


P.M. 


GOING  EAST. 


2         P.  M. 

730     " 

1   15  A.  M. 

3 

7          " 

1230p.M. 

1  30     " 


P.  M. 
(I 


7 
8 

12       night, 
250A/M. 
345    " 
9          '« 
1       P.M. 


9          P.  M. 

1  15A.M. 

530    •' 

7  15     " 

1015     " 

2  15p.M. 

3  15    " 


Leave  Buffalo, 7       A.M. 

"      Rochester,.... 11  15     " 

"      Auburn, 3  20  p.  M. 

"      Syracuse, 5  15    " 

"      Utica, 8  15    " 

11      Schenectady,. .12  15  A.  M. 
Arrive  at  Albany,...   1  15    " 
On  the  1st  of  November,  the  fares  on  this  line  were  reduced  from  $12 
to  $9-75.  as  follows: 
Albany  to  Schenectady,...   $0'50||  Auburn  to  Rochester,... ..  $250 

Scheneclady  to  Utica, 2'25   Rochester  to  Buffalo, 2*25 

Utica  to  Syracuse, ToOj 

Syracuse  to  Auburn, '7511         Total, $9.75 

It  is  understood  that  each  train  departs  within  half  an  hour  after  its 
arrival  at  each  of  the  intermediate  places  mentioned  in  the  above  list. 


DISTANCES  FROM  ALBANY  TO  NEW  YORK, 

ON   THE    HUDSON   RIVER. 


Overslaugh, 3 

Castleton, 8 

Schodack  Landing, 10( 

Coeymans 12; 

New  Baltimore, 14 

Kinderhook  Landing 18 

Coxsackie, 21 

Hudson, 29 

Catskill, 34 

Bristol,  or  Maiden, 43 

Saugerties, 4-1 

Upper  Redhook, 45 

Lower  Redhook, 48 

Rhinebeck, 55 

Pelham, 6l| 

Hyde  Park, 65J 

Poughkeepsie, 7li; 

Milton, 75  j 

New  Hamburgh, 78; . 

Newburgh,..: 84»' 


New  Windsor, 86 

Cornwall, 88 

Cold  Spring, 91 

West  Point .  93 

Culd well's  Landing, 101 

V'erplanck's  Point, 104 

Grassy  Point, 106 

Teller's  Point, 1 10 

Sing  Sing 112 

Tarry  town,. 118 

Piermont 121 

Dobbs's  Ferry, 123 

Hastings, 125 

Yonkers, 128 

Spuy ten  Duy vel  Creek, 132 

Fort  Lee,  N.  J., 135 

Man  hat  la  nvi  lie, 137 

Bull's  Ferry,  N.  J., 139 

New  York, 145 


Routes  of  Travel. 


ON  THE 

Greenbnsh,  

EAST  SIDE  OF  THE  HUDSON  RIVER. 

,.  76 

10 

Fishkill,  

89 

Kinderhook  .... 

.    20 

99 

25 

Peekskill,  

....   108 

.   33 

118 

44 

120 

46 

126 

51 

132 

Lower  Redhook         . 

54 

|Yonker<5                

137 

60 

141 

Hyde  Park,  

70 

NPW  York.  . 

154 

ON  THE 

Coeyroan*!       .  . 

WEST  SIDE  OF  THE  HUDSON  RIVER. 
.     12      NTonr  TTnrlow 

...  83 

14 

87 

20 

Walden 

90 

Athene    

28 

94 

Catskill   

34 

104 

IMalden    or  Bristol 

43 

109 

Ulster                      .    .  . 

46 

115 

49 

121 

Kin^ton,  .  .  .  .  t  

58 

131 

66 

150 

NewPallz    

74 

174 

ALBANY  TO  NEW  YORK. 

BY  HOUSATONIC  RAIL  ROAD  AVD  STEAMBOAT. 


Slopping  Places. 

a, 
c 

cu 

1 
H 

Stopping  Places. 

« 

C 

I 

1 

1 

7 
8 
7 
5 
5 
5 
2 

2 

(3 
7 
2 
3 

7 
4 
8 

l\ 

16! 
23 

23 
32 
38 

40 
41 
49 
55 
62 
64 
67 
74 
78 
86 

6 
6 
6 
6 
4 
4 

,s 

3 

12 
11 
11 
8 

8 
3 
4 

92 
98 
104 
110 
114 
118 
123 
133 
136 
148 
159 
170 
178 
186 
189 
193 

Schodack,  

New  Milford  

East  Chatham     

Bottsford's            

West  Stockbrid°pe,  

Black  Rock,  

Sheffield  

Greenwich  Point  

N>w  Rochelle       

Canaan        

Throw's  Neck   

Canaan  Falls  Village    .    ... 

I  Hell  Gate            

West  Cornwall,  

Blackwell's  Island,  

New  York   

Kent,  

66 


Routes  of  Travel. 


DISTANCES  FROM  NEW  YORK  TO  OREGON. 


Miles. 
St.  Louis,  (shortest  way,  and 

not  by  rivers,) 1, 033 

Independence, 266 

Blue,  at  Burnett's  Trace, 520 

Bigg  Platte, 25 

Up         "      25 

Up  the  same 117 

Across  the  North  Fork  of  the 

same 31 

(Jp  North  Fork  to  Cedar  Grove  18 

Up  the  same  to  Chimney,. ...  18 

Scott's  Bluffs, 20 

FortLarima, 33 

Big  Sprine,  at  the  foot  of  the 

Black  Hills, 

Keryen  North  Fork, 

Crossing  of  the  same, 34 

Sweet  Water 55 

Up  same  to  the  snow  on  Rocky 

Mountains, 60 

Main  divide  of  the  same,....  40 
Waters  running  to  the  Pacific 

Ocean 2 

Little  Sandy, 14 

Big         "       14 

Green  river, 25 

Down  the  same, 12 

Black  Fort  of  Green  river,.. .  22 


Miles. 

FortBridge, •  35 

Koag  river, 35 

Down  same  to  the  hills  that 

run  on  same, 57 

Down  same  to  the  Great  San- 
dusky 38 

Partnith,  first  waters  of  the 

Columbia, -,,.-»  25 

Fort  Hall,  on  Snake  river,....  58 

I  Partnith  again, 11 

I  Cock  Creek 87 

jSolomon  Falls, 42 

i Crossing  Snake  river, 27 

'Boiling  Spring, 

I  Down  the  same  to  Fort  Barse,  40 

30  I  Burnt  River, 41 

j Up  the  same 26 

'  Across  to  Powder  to  the  Lame- 
pens, 18 


Grand  Round, 

Utile  river,  over  Blue  Mount,  43 

Dr.  Whiteman's, 29 

Walla- walla, 25 

Dallas, 120 

Fort  Vancouver, 100 

Mouth  of  the  Columbia  river,  120 

Total, 3,440 


The  lime  occupied   in  travelling  the  above  overland,  is  about  five 
months.     The  voyage  by  sea  round  Cape  Horn,  from  six  to  eight  months. 


ALBANY  TO  KEENE. 

BY    STAGE 


Stopping  Places. 

Distance 

1 

Stopping  Places. 

Distance 

CJ 

49 

2'25 

88 

3-75 

6? 

2  75 

Cambridgeport,  

88 

4  00 

66 

3-00 

Saxon  River,  

93 

4-25 

70 

3-50 

Bellow?  Falls,  

97 

4-50 

78 

3  7o 

Walpoie  

4-50 

Athens.  

82 

3-75 

Keene,  .'.  

4-50 

Clarendon,. . . . 
Shrewsbury,.. . 
Mount  Holley,. 
Cavendish,. .. . 


Second  Route. 


4-00 

Chester,  

4  25 

Bellows  Falls,  

4-50 

Walpoie,  

4-75 

Kepnp.  . 

4-75 
5-00 
5-00 
5-00 


Routes  of  Travel. 


67 


ALBANY  TO  BOSTON. 

BY    RAIL    ROAD. 


Stopping  Places. 

a. 
£ 

eS 

§ 

Stopping  Places. 

a. 
B 

51 

3 

o 
H 

Schodack,  

8 

s 

North  Wilbraham  

6 

111 

7 

16 

10 

117 

jj 

*>S 

Warren             

4 

197 

East  Chatham,  

5 

28 

? 

131 

Canaan,  

3 

33 

1 

133 

0 

36 

? 

136 

State  Line,  

•} 

3S 

5 

138 

n 

41 

4 

143 

Shaker  Village,  

3 

46 

9 

147 

Pittsfield,  

^ 

49 

6 

156 

Dalton,  

3 

54 

6 

16?, 

HinsJale,  

^ 

57 

4 

168 

Washington  

3 

6'? 

4 

m 

Becket,  

q 

65 

3 

176 

Chester  Factory,  

7 

71 

4 

179 

Chester  Village  

9 

81 

4 

183 

Russell,....    

s 

84 

4 

187 

Westfield,  

i 

qo 

9 

191 

West  Springfield,  

9 

100 

? 

193 

Springfield,  

fi 

102 

5 

195 

Wilhrnhnm  

3 

108 

'Boston  

0 

200 

ALBANY  TO  SARATOGA. 

BY    BAIL   ROAD. 

Schenectady,  17;  Ballston,  32;  Saratoga,  39.  Fare  through  $1'62. 
Leave  Albany  about  9AM.  and  4  P.  M  Leave  Saratoga  about  6  and 
11  A.  M.  During  the  winter  season  there  is  but  one  train,  daily,  be- 
tween Albany  and  Saratoga. 


ALBANY  TO  BRATTLEBORO',  VT. 

BY  STAGE. 


Stopping  Places. 

Distance 

I 

Stopping  Places. 

Distance 

1 

OR 

1  25 

60 

3  00 

34 

1  50 

IBrattleboro,  

75 

3-50 

Routes  of  Travel. 


ALBANY  TO  BURLINGTON. 

BY  STAGE. 


Stopping  Places. 

£ 

2 

o 

rt 

Stopping  Places. 

c 
rt 

g 

E* 

pf. 

Q 

Q 

ino 

5-00 

5'00 

110 

7'00 

ALBANY  TO  HAVERHILL. 

BY    STAGE. 


Stopping  Places. 

Distance 

o3 

1 

Stopping  Places. 

Distance 

S 

£ 

Pittsfield  

10^ 

5-75 

Chelsea,  

136 

6-00 

Bethel,  

118 

5-50 

IfSfS 

6-75 

Royalton  

J90 

5  25 

Haverhillj  

IfiO 

7-00 

Sherburn,  

100 

Second 
14-75 

Route. 

im 

6-25 

Wood«tock  

ins 

5'50 

h^s 

7-00 

12S 

5-75 

Leaves  Albany  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays,  about  7  A.  M., 
returning  on  alternate  days. 


ALBANY  TO  RUTLAND. 

BY    STAGE. 


Stopping  Places. 

Distance 

<u 
L 

i 
h 

Stopping  Places. 

Distance 

8 

£ 

19 

1-00 

63 

3-00 

^Janibrid^e.  

31 

T25 

71 

3-50 

-Ifi 

]'75 

79 

3-75 

54 

2'  25 

Rutland  

90 

4-25 

Routes  of  Travel. 


69 


ALBANY  TO  CANADA. 

Summer  Routes. 

During  the  season  of  navigation,  there  are  three  routes  to  Canada. 

1st.  By  rail  road  and  the  Champhin  canal.  By  this  route  travellers 
go  by  rail  road,  via.  Troy  to  the  Borough,  18  miles;  thence  by  packet 
boat  to  Whitehall.  The  packet  usually  leaves  the  Borough  about  3  o'- 
clock, P.  M.,  and  arrives  at  Whitehall  the  following  morning,  in  time 
for  travellers  to  take  the  steam  boats  running  to  the  various  ports  on 
Lake  Champlain. 

2d.  By  rail  road  and  stage,  via.  Saratoga  Sprinss.  By  this  route  tra- 
vellers can  go  from  Saratoga,  via.  Sandy  Hill  to  Whitehall,  or  through 
Glen's  Falls  to  Caldwell,  and  hy  steam  boat  36  miles  to  the  foot  of  Lake 
George,  thence  by  stage  three  miles  to  Ticonderoga. 

3d.  By  stage,  via.  Troy  on  the  east  side  of  the  Hudson  river. 

We  are  indebted  for  some  of  the  preceding  tables  to  Miller's  Eastern 
and  Western  Guide  Book,  published  by  the  Merriams  of  Troy;  a  useful 
little  work  for  the  traveler,  presenting  tables  of  routes  on  all  the  great 
thoroughfares,  and  other  necessary  information,  for  twenty-five  cents. 


ALBANY  TO  WHITEHALL. 

BY    STAGE. 


Stopping  Places. 

cC 

_o 

£ 

"5 

1 

Stopping  Places. 

(_ 

0 

£ 

1 

Troy,  

6 

6 

Fort  Miller,  

8 

41 

5 

11 

"     Edward 

7 

48 

7 

18 

Sandy  Hill   . 

9 

50 

Stillwater              . 

]  1 

25 

Glen's  Falls  . 

^ 

53 

Schuylerville,  

4 

33 

Whitehall,  

18 

71 

B 

West  Troy,  

Y    Cl 

6 
2 
3 
8 
4 
2 
2 
5 
3 
2 

-IAMPL 

8 

111 

19 
23 
25 
27 
32 
40 
37 

A1N   CANAL. 

Fort  Miller,  

3 
3 
5 

2 

1 
5 
4 
4 
8 

40 
43 
48 
50 
51 
56 
60 
64 
72 

Moses's  Kill  

Waterford  

Mechanicsville    

Glen'-?  Falls  Fr     

Stillwater  Village   

Dunham's  Basin     ...... 

Bleekcr's  Basin        ..... 

Wilber's        " 

Fori  Ann                    

Whitehall,  

Saratoga  Bridge,  

70 


Routes  of  Travel. 


WHITEHALL  TO  MONTREAL. 

BY   LAKE    CHAMPLAIN. 


Stopping  Places. 

5 

Benson,  Vt.,  

13 

Orwell     "     

7 

9 

BridCTeport    "     ........ 

q 

Chimney  Pt."     

6 

2 

11 

7 

7 

3 
I 

H 

Stopping  Places. 

s 

£ 

'o 
H 

13 

Burlington,  Vt.,  

14 

82 

90 

|Porl  Kent,  

10 

92 

94 

15 

107 

?6 

Chazy,  

16 

123 

35 

q 

132 

41 

4S 

Iseaux  Noix  C.,.  .  .  .      .. 

12 
19 

144 
156 

51 

La  Prairie  R   R     

171 

64 

q 

180 

6S 

ALBANY"  TO  MONTREAL. 

Winter  Route. 


r 

QJ 

_i 

c 

Stopping  Places. 

5 

E 

r* 

Stopping  Places. 

a 

3 

— 

— 

ta 

5 

Q 

7q 

3'75 

no 

6  75 

Sudbury   .      .  .  • 

qi 

4  50; 

Burlin°lonj  

HO 

7-00 

106 

5-001 

°30 

14'00 

117 

5-75I 

The  time  of  arrival  and  departure  on  all  the  thoroughfares  vary  at 
different  seasons  of  the  year,  and  the  fare  on  all  is  subject  to  fluctuation 
on  the  packet  and  stage  lines. 


A  TRIP  TO  NEW  YORK  IN  '97. 

It  is  mentioned  in  the  papers  of  1797,  as  an  instance  of  remarkable 
despatch,  that  Col.  William  Colbreath,  sheriff  of  Herkimer,  left  this 
city  on  Sunday  morning,  May  7th,  on  boarJ  a  vessel  for  New  York,  and 
returned  on  Thursday  afternoon,  llth,  having  in  a  little  more  than  four 
days,  including  a  day  and  a  half  he  was  in  New  York,  performed  a  jour- 
ney of  three  hundred  and  thirty  miles. 


Public  Offices,  Buildings, 


71 


PUBLIC  OFFICES,  BUILDINGS,  &c. 


PUBLIC    BUILDINGS. 

Arsenal,    cor.  Broadway  and  Law 

rence. 

Capitol,  head  of  State  street. 
Geological  Rooms,  corner  Slate  and 

Lodge. 

Normal  School,  119  State  street, 
State  Hall,  op.  Academy  Park. 

CITY    AND    COUNTY. 

Albany  Academy,  fronts  Academy 
Park. 

Alms  House,  Lydius  street  cont. 

City  Hall,  Eagle  street,  fronting 
Washington. 

Jail,  corner  Eagle  and  Howard. 

Medical  College,  formerly  Lancas- 
ter School,  Eagle  street. 

Penitentiary,  Delaware  turnpike. 

Powder  House,  Washington  Square. 

PARKS    AND     PLACES. 

Academy  Park,  op.  Slate  Hall. 

Bull's  Head  Course,  Troy  road. 

Canal  Basin,  fronts  Water,  Law- 
rence, Montgomery  and  De  Witt. 

Capitol  Park  fronts  on  Eagle  and 
State  street. 

Cemeteries,  Slate,  above  Knox. 

Centre  Market,  corner  South  Pearl 
and  Howard. 

Clinton  Park,  North  Pearl  street 

Glass  Works  Square,  corner  Broad- 
way and  Ferry. 

Hay  Scales  and'Yard,  corner  Plain 
and  Philip 

Hudson  Street  Park,  corner  Hudson 
and  Liberty, 

Little  Basin,  above  first  lock. 

Lydius  Street  Park,  cor.  Eagle  and 
Lydius. 

Mineral  Spring  Garden,  58  Ferry. 

National  Garden,  770  Broadway. 

Newton's  Corners,  Shaker  road. 

Rural  Cemetery,  Troy  road. 

Steam  Boat  Landing,  Broadway, 
between  Lydius  and  Hamilton, 

Townsend's  Park,  junction  Wash- 
ington streel  and  turnpike. 

Washington  Market,  foot  of  Colum- 
bia street. 


PUBLICATIONS. 

Albany  Argus,  MerchYs  Exchange. 
Albany  Atlas,  cor.  Broadway   and 

Beaver. 
Albany  Daily  Express,  Green  near 

Slate. 

Albany  Daily  Knickerbocker,  Mu- 
seum Building. 
Albany  Evening  Journal,  corner  of 

James  and  State  streels. 
Albany  Freeholder,  34  Washington. 
A Ibany  Patriot, Commerc'l  Build'gs. 
Albany  Spectator,  80  Slate  street. 
Albany  Switch,  Beaver  street. 
Busy  Bee,  Arbor  Hill. 
Chrisiian   Palladium,     Commercial 

Buildings. 
Cultivator,  10  and  12  Green  street. 
Horticullurist,  10  and  12  Green  st. 
Howard's  Special  Term  Reports,  57 

Hawk  street, 
Mechanics'   Advocate,  Commercial 

Buildings. 
Odd  Fellows'  Literary  Magazine,  11 

Cooper's  Buildings. 

TAVERNS  AND  REFECTORIES. 

Albany  and  Troy  House,  31  Dean. 
Albion  Hotel,  corner  of   Broadway 

and  Herkimer. 

American  Hotel,  100  State  street. 
Beardsley's  Hotel,  28  Washington. 
Boston  Hotel,  15  and  17  Dean. 
Boston  House,   cor.  Broadway  and 

Ferry. 

Broadway  House  505  Broadway. 
Bull's  Head  Tavern,  Lydius  st. 
Carlton  House,  cor.  Stale  and  Pearl. 
Cily  Holel,  23  Broadway. 
City  Hall  Coffee  House,  cor.  Eagle 

and  Maiden  Lane. 
'Clinton  Hotel, cor. Pearl  andBeavcr. 
jConsres-s  Hall,  fronts   Washington 

street  and  Capitol  Park. 
Cornucopia,  cor.  State  and  Green. 
'Delavan  House,    fronts   Broadway, 

Steuben  and  Montgomery. 
Eagle   Street  Hotel,  corner  Eagle 

and  Daniel. 


72 


Eastern  Hotel,  cor.   Broadway  and 

John. 

Franklin  House,  176  State  street. 
Hudson  Street  Temperance  House, 

Lafayette  House,  19  Montgomery. 
Lumbermen's  Exchange  Hotel,  192 

Water. 

Mansion  House,  Broadway. 
Marhle  Pillar,  under  Museum. 
McCardle's,  Beaver  street. 
Northern    Hotel,  corner  of  Broad. 

way  and  Orange. 
Otseao  House,  74  Washington. 
St.  Charles,  Hudson  street. 
Saratoga  House,  719  Broadway. 
Stauwix  Hall,  corner  of  Broadway 

and  Maiden  Lane. 
Washington  Hall,  South  Pearl. 

CHURCHES. 

Baptist  Church,  First,  Green  street. 

between  Hamilton  and  Division. 
Baptist  Church,  Second,  cor.  North 

Pearl  and  Maiden  Lane. 
Baptist  Church,  Third,  State  street, 

opposite  the  Capitol. 
Baptist  Church,  Fourth,  South  Pear) 

head  of  Herkimer. 
Baptist  Church,  African,  Hamilton. 


Public  Offices,  Buildings,  fyc. 


Episcopal  Church,  Grace,   Spring, 

above  Lark. 

Friends'  Meeting  House,  Plain  st. 
Lutheran  Church,  corner.  Pine  and 

Lodge. 
Lutheran   Church,    German,  State 

near  Swan. 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  first, 

Hudson,  above  Grand. 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  second 

North  Pearl,  above  Columbia. 
Methodii-t  Episcopal  Church,  third, 

corner  Ferry  and  Franklin. 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church, fourth, 

corner  Washington  and  Swan. 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  fifth, 

Swan,  between  Lumber  &  Third. 
Methodist   African    Church,  State, 

rear  of  District  School  IS'o.  2. 
Methodist  Epis.  Israel  Church,  Jef- 
ferson, above  Eagle. 
Presbyterian   Church,   first,  corner 

S.  Pearl  and  Beaver. 
Presbyterian  Church,  sec'd  Chapel, 

above  Maiden  Lane. 
Presbyterian  Church,  third,  North 

Pearl,  opposite  Clinton  Square. 
Presbyterian  Church,  fourth,  Broad- 
way, above  Spencer. 
Presbyterian     Church,     Associate, 


above  Pearl.  corner  Chapel  and  Canal. 

Bethel,  Montgomery  street.  jSynasogue,  Fulton  street. 

Cath.j.ic  v  ailiedial,  cor.  of  Lydius  Synagogue,  Rose  street. 

an  '  Kn^'e.  (Unitarian  Church,  Division  street. 

Catholic,  St.  Mary's,  corner  Chapel. Universalist  Church,  Green,  below 

and  Pine.  I     Hamilton. 

Catholic,  St.  John's,  Ferry  street.     | 
Catholic,  St.  Joseph's,  corner  North  MISCELLANEOUS. 


Pearl  and  Lumber. 
Catholic,  German,  corner  Hamilton 

and  Philip. 
Dutch  Reformed  Church,  first,  cor. 

Van  Schaick  and  North  Pearl. 
Dutch   Reformed   Church,    second, 

Beaver,  above  Green. 
Dutch  Reformed  Church,  third,  cor. 

Ferry  and  Green. 
Episcopal  Church,  St.  Peter's,  cor. 

State  and  Lodge. 
Episcopal  Church,  St.  Paul's,  South 

Pearl,  below  Beaver. 
Episcopal  Church,  Trinity,  Broad, 

below  Lydius. 


Albany  Museum,  corner  State  and 

Broadway. 
Apothecaries'  Hall,  cor.  State  and 

North  Pearl. 
Atlas  Buildings,   cor.   Beaver  and 

Broadway. 

B  eecker  Hall,  531  Broadway. 
Blunt's  Buildings,  cor.  South  Pearl 

and  State. 

Commercial  Buildings,  cor.  Broad- 
way and  Hudson. 
Cooper's  Buildings,  cor.  State  and 

Green. 
Douw's  Buildings,  corner  State  and 

Broadway. 


Public  Offices,  Buildings, 


73 


Orphan  Asylum,  head  of  Wash.  st. 
do.  do.  St.  Vincent's,  North 
Pearl  near  Lumber. 


G  allery  of  Fine  Arts,  No.  528  Broad- 

way. 
Gas  Co.'s  Office,  Bleecker  Hall. 


Water  Works  Reservoir,  cor.  Eagle  Gas  Company's  Works,  cor.  Grand 
and  Steuben.  and  Arch. 

General  Stage  Office, under  Museum. 

OFFICES,  ETC.  Justices' Court,  over  Centre  Market. 

Adjutant  General's  Office,  State  Hall  Magnetic     Telegraph    Office,    Ex- 
Albany    Apprentices'    Library,    41;     change  Building. 

Hudson.  !  Mayor's  Office,  City  Hall. 

Albany  and   Boston   R.  _R.    office,  Mayor's  Court,  City  Hall. 


cor.  Maiden  Lane  and  Dean. 

Albany  Burgesses  Corps,  armory  in 
Exchange"  Building, 

Albany  City  Bank,  47  State. 

Albany  Emmet  Guards,  armory 
No.  32  Green  street. 

Albany  Institute,  Academy  Building 

Albany  Insurance  Co.,  56  State. 

Albany  Republican  Artillery,  armo 
ry  in  Atlas  Buildings. 

Albany  Savings  Bank,  38  State. 

Albany  and  Schenectady  R.  R.  of 
fice,  Dean  street. 

Attorney  General's  Office,  State 
Hall. 

Bank  of  Albany,  42  State. 

Bank  Department,  State  Hall. 

Baths,  Norton  street. 

Board  of  Trade,  meet  in  Exchange 
daily. 

Canal  Collector's  Office,  193  Water. 

Canal  Department,  Stale  Hall. 

Chamberlain,  City  Hall. 

City  Marshal,  City  Hall. 

City  Surveyor,  City  Hall. 

Commercial  Bank,  38  State. 

Common  Council,  City  Hall. 

Comptroller's  Office,  State  Hall. 

Clerk  Court  of  Appeals,  State  Hall. 

County  Clerk's  Office,  City  Hall 

County  Treasurer's  Office,  cor.  Steu- 
ben and  Broadway. 

Court  of  Appeals,  Capitol. 

Crier  of  Courts,  327  State. 

Custom  House,  407  Broadway. 

Deputy  Sheriff  (Ferguson),  cor.  Pa- 
troon  and  Hawk. 

Exchange  Bank,  Merchants'  Ex- 
change. 

Firemen's  Insurance  Co.  cor.  Green 
and  State. 


Mechanics'  Benefit  Society,  corner 

Broadway  and  Stale. 
Mechanics'  and  Farmers'  Bank,  cor. 

Broadway  and  Exchange  st. 
Mutual    Insurance    Company,    450 

Broadway. 

National  Fire  Insurance  Co,  61  State 
New  York  State  Bank,  69  State. 
Pension  Office,  Mechanics'  and  Far- 
mers' Bank. 

Police  Office,  over  Centre  Market. 
Post  Office,  Exchange  Building. 
Secretary  of  Slate,  State  Hall. 
Sexton  1st  Baptist  Ch.  65  Green. 

do.     1st  Dutch,  rear  chuich. 

do.     Lutheran,  rear  church. 

do,     1st  Methodist,  146  Lydius. 

do.     2d  Methodist,  rear  church. 

do.     3d  Methodist,  basement. 

do.     Middle  Dutch,  38  Beaver. 

do.     1st.  Presbyterian,  48  Beaver. 

do.     4th  Pres..  118  North  Pearl. 

do.     St.  Mary's,  58  Chapel. 

do.     St.  Joseph's,  188  N.  Pearl. 
Sheriff's  Office,  Jail. 
Stale  Agricultural  Rooms,  cor.  State 

and  Lodge. 

Stale  Library,  Capitol. 
Supreme  Court  Clerk's  Office,  State 

Hall. 
Superintendent    Northern  District, 

City  Hall. 
Superintendent    Southern    Dislrict, 

City  Hall. 

Surveyor  General,  Stale  Hall. 
Surrogate's  Office,  Cily  Hall. 
Under  Sheriff,  73  State. 
Water  Works  Co.'s  Sec.  and  Treas., 

442  Broadway. 
VoungMen's  Association,  Exchange 

Building. 


74 


District  and  other  Schools. 


ENGINE    HOUSES. 

No.  1,  11  Chapel. 
2,43    do. 

3,  Alms  House. 

4,  75  Grand. 

5,  236  Washington. 

6,  cor.  Hawk  and  Fayette. 

7,  41  Hudson. 

8,  (burnt,) 

9,  (torn  down,) 

10,  10  Wilson. 

11,  106  Arch. 

12,  Second  St.,  Arbor  Hill. 


SCHOOLS. 

Albany  Classical  Institute,  Eagle, 
below  State. 

Albany  Female  Academy,  North 
Pearl,  above  Maiden  Lane. 

Albany  Female  Seminary,  67  Divi- 
sion. 

Albany  Medical  College,  cor.  Lan- 

|     caster  and  Eagle, 

sClassical  Institute,  7  North  Pearl. 

'Friends'  School,  10  Plain. 

|C.  D,  Marsh,  basement  Universalist 


,     church. 
Hook  and  Ladder,  No.  1,  34  Plain.  Miss  Allison,  basement  Universalist 

do.        do.       No.2,Patroonst.     church. 

Tivoli  Hose,  32  Plain.  Misses  Beekman,  56  Westerlo. 

Axe  Company,  Steuben  street.          Mrs.  Brinckerhoff,  112  State. 

Misses  Cantine.  18  Van  Tromp. 

DISTRICT   SCHOOLS.  iMiss  Cassidy,  63  Chapel. 

No.  1,  South  Pearl,  south  of  Schuy- Mr.  Center,  basement  3d  Pres.  ch. 

ler.  iMiss  Collier,  Hudson  street. 

2,  State  street,  between  Hawk  Miss  Crane,  125  Hamilton. 


and  Swan. 

3,  Van  Tromp  street. 

4,  Union,  near  Lydius. 

5,  N.  Pearl,  south  of  Lumber. 

6,  Junction,  west  of  Perry  st. 

7,  Canal  street. 

8,  Lydius,  west  of  Grand. 

9,  Cor.  Ferry  and  Dallius. 

10,  Washington    street,  east  of 
Lark. 


Miss  Kidd,  73  Division. 

Miss  Pierce,  Franklin  House. 

Miss  Skerritt,  4  High. 

Miss  Wood  bridge,  46  South  Pearl. 

St.  John's,  cor. ^Dallius  and  Rensse- 

laer. 
Wilbcrforce  School,  in  rear  of  Dis- 

trict  School  House  No.  2,  in  Ches- 

nut  street. 


GRAMMAR  SCHOOL. 

Frederick  Beasly,  John  B.  Romeyn,  and  John  M.  Bradford,  clergy- 
men in  Albany,  made  proposals  to  the  city  in  1806,  for  the  establishment 
of  a  grammar  school,  l<  of  such  a  nature  that  it  might  be  easily  con- 
verted into  an  academy."  The  first  step  required  by  the  proposers  was 
a  fund  of  $10,000. 


LANCASTER  SCPIOOL. 

In  August,  1810,  the  corporation  had  under  consideration  the  project 
of  establishing  a  free  school,  on  the  plan  of  Joseph  Lancaster.  As  yet 
it  is  believed  there  were  no  public  schools  in  the  city.  The  society  of 
mechanics  had  a  number  of  years  previously  erected  a  building  in  Chapel 
street,  called  Mechanics'  Hall,  and  maintained  a  school  out  of  their  own 
funds,  but  it  is  presumed  that  its  benefits  were  chiefly  confined  to  the 
children  of  mechanics.  The  building  is  now  occupied  as  a  piano  forte 
manufactory. 


Albany  Academy. 


75 


ALBANY  ACADEMY. 

As  early  as  1804,  a  meeting  of  citizens  was  held  at  the  City  Tavern, 
on  the  18th  March,  to  take  into  consideration  the  expediency  of  institu- 
ting an  academy.  The  Lieutenant-Govenor,  Mayor,  Chancellor,  Rev. 
Eliphalet  Nott,  Rev.  John  DeWitt,  and  Messrs.  Henry  and  Beers,  were 
appointed  a  committee  to  report  a  plan  of  an  institution.  The  com- 
mittee's plan  was  submitted  at  a  subsequent  meeting,  on  the  5th  May, 
and  approved.  It  was  proposed  to  make  the  academy  a  reorganization 
of  the  city  schools,  by  fusing  them  all  in  one.  But  the  project  was  al- 
lowed to  slumber  until,  in  January,  1813,  the  common  council  made  an 
appropriation  for  the  establishment  of  a  city  academy,  and  a  meeting  of 
citizens  to  confer  upon  the  subject  was  called  at  the  Capitol,  on  the  28th 
of  that  month.  At  that  meeting  Archibald  Mclntyre  was  appointed 
chairman,  and  a  committee  of  fourteen  was  chosen  to  devise  a  plan  of 
the  future  institution.  The  project  of  a  male  academy  now  began  to  be 
agitated  in  good  earnest.  The  board  of  common  council  offered  the  lot 
in  the  public  square  which  the  Academy  now  occupies,  and  also  appro- 
priated the  amount  that  should  be  received  from  the  sale  of  the  lot  and 
materials  of  the  old  jail  which  stood  in  the  rear  of  the  large  building 
now  occupied  by  the  State  Normal  School,  and  which  it  was  antici- 
pated would  produce  $12,000.  In  addition  to  this  it  was  thought  neces- 
sary to  raise  $30,000  by  private  subscription,  to  complete  the  requisite 
sum  for  erecting  a  suitable  building  and  establishing  a  permanent  in- 
come. 

The  institution  was  incorporated  by  the  Regents  of  the  University,  on 
the  4th  of  March  in  the  same  year,  at  the  instance  of  the  corporation  of 
the  city,  and  appropriate  grants  were  made  for  its  endowment.  The 
trustees  named  in  the  charter  were  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer,  John  Lan- 
sing, Archibald  Mclntyre,  Smith  Thompson,  Abraham  VanVechten,  John 


76  Albany  Academy. 

V.  Henry,  Henry  Walton,  Rev.  Messrs.  William  Neill,  John  M.  Brad- 
ford, John  McDonald,  Timothy  Clowes,  John  McJimpsey,  Frederick  G. 
Mayer,  Samuel  Mervin,  and  the  Mayor  and  Recorder  ex  officio. 

The  building  was  commenced  in  1815.  On  Saturday,  the  29th  July, 
at  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  the  corner  stone  was  laid  by  Philip  S.  Van 
Rensselaer.  The  copper  plate  deposited  on  this  occasion  had  the  follow- 
ing inscription  :  "  Erected  for  an  academy,  anno  1815,  by  the  corporation 
of  the  city  of  Albany  ;  Philip  S.  Van  Rensselaer,  mayor ;  John  Van 
Ness  Yates,  recorder ;  building  committee  Philip  S.  Van  Rensselaer, 
John  Brinckerhoff,  Chauncey  Humphrey,  James  Warren,  and  Killian  K. 
Van  Rensselaer.  Seth  Geer  architect,  H.  W.  Snyder,  sculpt.'7 

The  Academy  was  announced  to  open  on  the  second  Monday  (1  Hh)  of 
September,  under  Rev.  Benjamin  Allen,  of  Union  College,  and  Messrs. 
Neill,  Beck  and  Sedgwick  were  the  committee  to  receive  applications  for 
admission.  The  courses  of  instruction  were  temporarily  commenced  in 
the  large  wooden  building  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Stale  and  Lodge 
streets,  belonging  to  Killian  K.  Van  Rensselaer,  which  was  burnt  in  1847. 
The  faculty  under  which  the  Academy  opened,  consisted  of  Rev.  Ben- 
jamin Allen,  principal;  Rev.  Joseph  Shaw,  professor  of  languages;  and 
Moses  Chapin,  (now  Judge  Chapin,  of  Canandaigua)  tutor. 

The  Academy  was  completed  in  1817,  and  the  school  opened  in  it  on 
the  1st  September.  The  courses  of  instruction  have  been  regularly 
pursued  to  the  present  time,  1848.  In  August,  1817,  the  trustees  ap- 
pointed Dr.  Theodric  Romeyn  Beck  principal  of  the  institution,  which 
office  he  resigned  at  the  close  of  the  summer  term,  in  1848,  having  oc- 
cupied with  distinguished  ability  and  universal  satisfaction,  a  station 
which  was  far  from  being  a  sinecure,  during  the  long  period  of  thirty- 
one  years.  His  resignation  was  followed  by  that  of  the  whole  faculty, 
when  the  trustees,  deeming  it  expedient  to  reorganize  the  institution, 
chose  a  new  set  of  professors,  consisting  of  the  following,  with  which 
the  fall  term  commenced: 

Rev.  WM.  H.  CAMPBELL,  D.  u.,  recently  pastor  of  the  Third  Ref.  Prot. 
Dutch  Church  in  Albany,  Principal  and  Professor  of  the  Latin  and 
Greek  languages. 

Dr.  T.  R.  BECK,  Lecturer  of  Physiology  and  Physical  Geography. 

GEORGE  H.  COOK,  A.  M.,  of  the  Rensselaer  Institute,  Prof,  of  Mathe- 
matics and  Natural  History. 

Rev.  JOHN  SESSIONS,  A.  M.,  of  theSandlake  Academy,  Prof,  of  English 
Language  and  Logic. 

JULIAN  MOLINARD,  Prof,  of  the  French  Language. 

JAMES  N.  CROCKER  and  WILLIAM  J.  WRIGHTSON,  who  had  been  pre- 
viously connected  with  the  institution,  tutors. 

The  above  compose  the  present  faculty  of  the  Academy,  and  the 
number  of  students  is  230. 

In  1831,  William  Caldwell,  of  the  city  of  Albany,  presented  $100  to 
the  trustees  of  the  Academy,  to  be  invested  in  stock,  the  income  of 
which  should  be  devoted  to  the  purchase  of  a  gold  medal,  to  be  given  at 
each  annual  examination,  to  the  student  who  shall  have  made  the  great- 
est proficiency  in  mathematics,  and  natural  philosophy;  the  student  to 
be  of  at  least  three  years  standing  in  the  Academy,  and  the  medal  to  be 
given  but  once  to  the  same  individual.  In  1837,  Gen.  Stephen  Van 
Rensselaer  presented  $100,  in  trust,  to  be  appropriated  in  the  same  man- 


Albany  Academy. 


77 


ner,  as  a  reward  for  the  greatest  proficiency  in  the  Latin  and  Greek  Ian- 
guages,  subject  to  the  same  reservations,  except  that  the  student  must 
be  of  at  least  four  years  standing  in  the  Academy.  The  late  Henry  W. 
Delavan  also  made  a  bequest  to  the  Academy,  which  came  into  the  hands 
of  the  trustees  in  1839,  of  $2000,  directed  to  be  deposited  in  the  Savings 
Bank,  the  income  of  which  is  applied  to  the  teaching  of  such  a  number 
of  poor  boys,  in  the  useful  branches  of  English  education,  as  the  income 
of  the  fund  will  allow;  no  boy  enjoying  the  benefit  of  the  fund  more 
than  two  years.  The  names  of  the  students  who  have  obtained  the 
Caldwell  medal,  are  as  follows:  1831,  William  Austin;  1832,  no  public 
examination  in  consequence  of  the  prevalence  of  the  cholera;  1833, 
Henry  Waldron;  1834,  Aurelian  Conkling;  1835,  John  Newland  ;  1836, 
Henry  K.  Viele;  1837,  George  B.  Hoyt;  1838,  Charles  N.  Waldron; 
1839,  Joseph  B.  Brown;  1840,  William  J.  Gibson;  1841,  John  J.  Olcott; 
1842,  Philip  Phelps;  1843,  William  Wrightson  ;  1344,  Andrew  McEIroy  ; 
1845,  John  K.  Croswell  ;  1846,  Francis  B.Hall;  1847,  Frank  Jones; 
1848,  Jacob  0.  Koonz.  The  names  of  those  who  have  received  the  Van 
Rensselaer  Medal,  are  as  follows:  1837,  Isaac  L.  K.  Miller  ;  1838,  Henry 
F.  Greene;  1839,  Charles  K.  McHars;  1840,  Gilbert  L.  Wilson;  1841, 
Philip  Phelps;  1842,  John  C.  Bullons;  1843,  Oliver  Bronson;  1844, 
Samuel  G.  Courtney ;  1845,  William  T.  Wrightson  ;  1846,  John  K.  Cros- 
well;  1847,  Jacob  L.  Pearse;  1848,  Henry  L.  Bullions. 

The  following  table  comprises  a  complete  list  of  the  trustees  since  the 
institution  went  into  operation.  The  present  trustees  may  be  known  by 
the  dates  that  are  wanting  in  the  exit  column. 


StephenVan  Rensselaer  1813  to  1819 


John  Lansing 
Archibald  Mclntyre 
Smith  Thompson 
Abm.  Van  Vechten 
John  V.  Henry 
Henry  Walton 
William  Neill 
John  M.  Bradford 
John  McDonald 
Timothy  Clowes 
John  McJimpsey 
Frederic  G.  Mayer 
Samuel  Merwin 
Thedore  Sedgwick 
John  Duer 
Harmanus  Bleecker 
Charles  D.  Cooper 
John  Lansing 
William  James 
T.  Romeyn  Beck 
John  Chester 
John  W.  Yates 
Arthur  J.  Stansbury 
William  A.  Duer 
Gideon  Hawley 
John  Van  Schaick 


1813  to  1816 
1813  to  1826 
1813  to  1821 
1813  to  1818 
1813  to  1815 
1813  to  1818 
1813  to  1814 


James  Kent 
William  B.  Lacey 
Ebenezer  Baldwin 


1813  to  1813 
1813  to  1817 
1813  to  1813 
1813  to  1813 
1813  to  1823 
1813  to  1815  James  Stevenson 


1819  to  1823 

1819  to  1825 

1820  to  1830 


Ph.  S.  Van  Rensselaer  1821  to  1824 


Philip  S.  Parker 
Henry  R.  Weed 


John  Ludlow 
Charles  R.  Webster 
Isaac  Ferris 
Peter  Gansevoort 
Alfred  Conkling 
Isaac  Fondey 
James  Stevenson 


1813  to  1823  John  T.  Norton 


1813  to  1813 
1813  to  1822 
1813  to  1817 
1815  to  1817 

1815  to  1832 
1815 

1816  to  1829 

18 17  to  1828 
1817  to  1821 

1817  to  1820 

1818  to  1842 
1818  to  1818 


Nicholas  F.  Beck 
William  B.  Sprague 
Oliver  Kane 
Richard  V.  DeWitt 
Archibald  Campbell 


1821  to  1831 

1822  to  1831 

1823  to  1826 
1823  to  1834 
1823  to  1834 

1825  to  1836 
1825 

1826  to  1836 
1826  to  1829 
1828 

1829  to  1834 

1829  to  1830 
1830 

1830  to  1834 
1831 

1831  to  1847 


Ph.  S.  Van  Rensselaer  1833  to  1841 


James  Goold 
William  C.  Miller 
John  N.  Campbell 
Richard  Yates 
Thomas  E.  Verrailye 
Thomas  W.  Olcott 


1834 
1834 
1835 

1835  to  1837 

1836  to  1839 
1836 


78 


Albany  Academy. 


1837  to  1847 


William  H.  Campbell   1842 


James  P.  Boyd 
Orlando  Meads 


1847 
1847 


1819  to  1826 
1826  to  1832 
1834  to  1842 
1842  to  1848 
1848 


Isaac  N.  Wyckoff 
Horatio  Potter  1840 

Teunis  Van  Vechten     1841 

The  mayors  and  recorders  of  the  city  have  also  been,  ex  officio,  trus- 
tees, from  1813  to  the  present  time. 

The  presiding  officers  of  the  board  have  been  as  follows: 

Hon.  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer,  LL.  D.,  senior  trustee,     1813  to  1819 

Rev.  John  M.  Bradford,  D.  D.,  do 

William  James,  Esq.,  do 

Gideon  Hawley,  LL.  D., 

Hon.  James  Stevenson, 

Theodric  Romeyn  Beck,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  senior  trustee, 

Those  who  have  acted  as  clerks  of  the  board  are  as  follows: 
Henry  Waldron,  Esq.,  1813  to  1813 

Rev.  Timothy  Clowes,  LL.  D.,  1813  to  1816 

T.  R.  Beck,  M.  D.,  1816  to  1848 

Rev.  Wm.  H.  Campbell,  D.  D.,  1848 

The  office  of  principal  has  fallen  but  to  three  persons,  as  follows  : 
Rev.  Benjamin  Allen,  LL.  D.,  1815  to  1817 

T.  Romeyn  Beck,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  1817  to  1848 

Rev.  Wm.  H.  Campbell,  D.  D.,  1848 

The  succession  of  the  faculty  is  as  follows : 
Professors  of  Greek  and  Latin  |H.  L.  V.  D.  Holstein 

Languages. 


Rev.  Joseph  Shaw 
Rev.  Peter  Bullions 


18 15  to  1824 
1824  to  1848 


Rev.  Wm. H.Campbell  1848 
Prof.  Mathematics  and  Natural 


Philosophy . 


1819  to  1826 


J.  Molinard 


1835  to  1839 
1839 


Lecturer  on  Chemistry. 
Lewis  C.  Beck  1831  to  1834 


Tutors. 


1826  to  1832 
1832  to  1848 


Michael  O'Shaunessy 
John  Thompson 


Michal  O'Shaunessy 
Joseph  Henry 
Philip  Ten  Eyck 
George  H.  Cook  1848 

Lecturer  Physiology  and  Physical 

Geography. 
T.  Romeyn  Beck  1848 

Prof.  English  Literature. 
Charles'Clapp  1835  to  1837J 

Hugh  Blair  Jolly  1837  to  1841  jRey  ^^  _ 

Prof.  English  Language^and  Logic  |  Henry  Carpenter 


Moses  Chapin  1815  to  1816 

Rev.  Isaac  Ferris  1816  to  1817 

John  B.  Crocker  1817  to  1817 

1817  to  1819 
1819  to  1820 

Dr.  William  O'Donnel  1820  to  1829 
William  Soul  1829  to  1830 

Daniel  D.  T.  Leech       1829  to  1831 
Georsje  W.  Carpenter   1831  to  1835 
Rev.  Sam'l  McArlhur   1831  to  1833 
W.Griffiiths 


Alex.  B.  McDoual 
Philander  D.  Young 
John  S.  Holmes 
Rev.  Samuel  Center 
Rev.  John  Sessions 


1841  to  1342  Alex.  B.  McDoual 

1842  to  1843;Edward  p.  Edwards 

1843  to  1844j  Davi(j  p.  Robertson 

1844  to  1848  Samuel  S.  Smith 


1848 


Prof.  Modern  Languages. 


J.  Molinard 

M.  Leon  Cheronoet 

H.  Picard 


1830  to  1830 


Austin  H.  Wells 
Andrew  Shiland 
Rufus  K.  Crocker 


1830  to  1831)  James  N.  Crocker 


1831  to  1834 

1833  to  1834 

1834  to  1835 

1834  to  1835 

1835  to  1841 
1S35  to  1840 

1836  to  1838 
1838  to  1847 

1840  to  1840 

1841  to  1844 
1844  to  1847 
1847 


1831  to  1835'  William  T.  Wrightson  1847 


Schools.  79 

The  Academy  building  which  was  commenced  in  1815,  and  completed 
In  1817,  is  constructed  of  free  stone,  from  near  Newark,  New  Jersey,  an 
excellent  and  durable  building  material ;  and  notwithstanding  the  length 
of  time  it  has  stood,  is  still  one  of  the  most  attractive  edifices  of  the 
city.  It  is  situated  on  the  north-west  corner  of  the  public  square,  on  a 
line  with  the  Capitol.  The  main  building  is  70  by  80  feet,  and  the  wings 
30  by  45  feet,  three  stories  high,  including  the  basement.  It  commands 
a  view  down  Steuben  street,  having  an  extensive  park  in  front,  sur- 
rounded by  a  substantial  iron  fence,  and  planted  with  ornamental  trees. 
The  cost  of  its  erection  was  about  $100,000. 


SCHOOL  OF  1785. 

A  school  was  opened  in  May  by  Elihu  Goodrich  and  John  Ely.  The 
classical  term  academy  had  not  yet  come  into  use.  The  Latin  and 
Greek  languages  were  taught,  and  the  most  useful  branches  of  mathe- 
matics, as  well  as  the  element aries.  It  went  on  the  high  pressure  prin- 
ciple— through  by  daylight.  Hours  of  study  from  6  to  8,  9  to  12,  2  to  5, 
and  6  to  8.  The  magisters  seem  to  have  been  willing  to  bestow  at  least 
time  and  diligence.  Their  terms  were  for  Greek  and  Latin,  and  mathe- 
matics, 20s. ;  writing  and  cyphering,  16s.;  reading  and  spelling,  12s. 
To  all  which  singing  "  by  the  latest  and  most  approved  method"  was 
added  for  12s. 


SCHOOL  APPROPRIATION. 

An  act  passed  the  legislature,  7th  of  April,  1795,  appropriating  £20,- 
000  annually  for  the  term  of  five  years,  for  the  purpose  of  encouraging 
and  maintaining  schools  in  the  state.  The  proportion  allotted  to  Albany 
county  was  £1,590,  or  $3975;  the  law  to  go  into  operation  on  the  7th. 
April.  It  was  a  stride  towards  the  free  school  system. 


SABBATH  EVENING  SCHOOL. 

On  March  24,  1816,  a  sabbath  evening  school  was  established  at  Mr. 
Young's  school  room,  in  Washington  street,  and  appears  to  have  been 
countenanced  by  the  Moral  Society.  It  was  attended  by  150  children 
and  50  adults. 


SUNDAY  SCHOOL. 

It  was  announced  that  a  Sunday  Free  School  would  be  opened  on  Sun- 
day, March  21,  1813,  at  the  school  room  of  George  Uphold,  in  Van 
Tromp  street,  where  several  useful  branches  of  English  education  would 
be  taught  from  the  hours  of  6  to  8  in  the  morning,  and  12  to  2  in  the 
afternoon,  free  of  all  expense. 


80 


Albany  Female  Academy. 


ALBANY  FEMALE  ACADEMY. 

This  institution  was  founded  in  the  year  1814,  under  the  designation 
of  the  Union  School;  a  name  apparently  suggested  by  the  circumstances 
attending  its  origin.  A  number  of  the  most  influential  citizens,  desirous 
to  obtain  for  their  daughters  the  benefit  of  a  superior  education,  united 
for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  services  of  a  competent  instruotor,  rented 
a  suitable  building  in  Montgomery  street,  and  appointed  as  principal  Mr. 
Horace  Goodrich.  The  original  subscription  list,  which,  amid  the  loss 
of  other  documents  connected  with  the  early  history  of  the  Academy,  has 
been  preserved,  is  as  follows: 

"  We,  the  undersigned,  agree  lo  send  to  Union  School  in  Montgomery 
street,  under  the  tuition  of  Mr.  Horace  Goodrich,  the  number  of  female 
scholars  affixed  to  our  names,  for  the  space  of  one  year,  from  the  first 
day  of  May  next;  and  we  also  agree  to  pay  to  Ebeneeer  Foot  twenty- 
four  dollars  for  each  scholar  in  four  equal  quarterly  payments,  the  first 
payment  to  be  on  the  first  day  of  August  next.  Feb.  24,  1814. 


John  Ely, 1 

Moses  Allen, 2 

James  Scrymser, 1 

Matthew  Gill, 2 

Uriah  Marvin, 2 

Thomas  Gould, 

Solomon  Allen, 

William  Fowler, 

Nicholas  Bleecker, 

Abram  Van  Vechten, 

Benjamin  Knower, 


T.  &  J.  Russell, 4 

Edward  Brown, 1 

G.Stewart, 1 

Harmanus  Ten  Eyck, 1 

James  Kent, 1 

John  V.  Henry,  3 

John  Reid, 1 

Isaac  Hutton, 1 

Asa  H.  Center, 1 

[Three  names  torn  away.] 


Albany  Female  Academy.  81 

It  appears  from  this  paper  that  Mr.  Ebenezer  Foot  was  preemi- 
nently active  in  commencing  the  Academy,  and,  so  far  as  an  individual 
can  claim  an  honor  in  which,  however,  several  probably  to  some  extent, 
participated,  he  may  be  regarded  as  its  founder.  In  a  memoir  of  Mr. 
Foot,  prepared  and  published_at  the  request  of  friends,  by  his  brother 
Samuel  A.  Foot,  of  Geneva,  we  find  the  following  statement,  which 
evidently  conveys  no  more  than  the  truth  on  this  matter.  "  One  act  of 
Mr.  Foot's  life  should  not  be  omitted  or  forgotten  wherever  his  name 
is  mentioned.  The  present  Female  Academy  in  Albany  owes  its  ex- 
istence mainly,  if  not  entirely,  to  him.  It  is  now,  and  has  been  for 
some  years,  one  of  the  most  valuable  and  useful  institutions  in  the  coun- 
try. It  was  commenced  in  February,  1814,  under  the  name  of  the 
Union  School  in  Montgomery  street.  The  original  subscription  paper  is 
now  before  the  writer.  It  bears  date  on  the  24th  day  of  that  month. 
The  subscriptions  are  payable  to  Mr.  Foot,  and  it  is  within  the  know- 
ledge and  recollection  of  the  writer  that  he  started  the  project  and  ob- 
tained most  of  the  subscriptions.  The  principal  motive  of  Mr.  Foot,  no 
doubt,  was  to  establish  a  good  female  school  in  his  neighborhood,  to 
which  he  might  send  his  daughter.  If  this  was  his  sole  motive,  it  was 
a  good  one.  But  whatever  the  motive,  whether  to  qualify  his  own 
daughter,  or  those  of  his  neighbors  and  friends,  for  the  duties  of 
American  ladies,  or,  more  expansive  still,  to  elevate  and  adorn  the 
female  character,  and  store  the  female  mind  with  useful  knowledge,  his 
name  should  be  kindly  remembered  by  every  pupil  who  has  enjoyed  or 
may  enjoy  the  benefits  of  the  institution,  and  by  every  friend  of  female 
education." 

During  the  first  six  years  and  upwards  of  the  existence  of  Union 
School,  no  records  were  kept  of  its  proceedings,  or  if  kept,  they  have 
not  been  preserved  ;  but  no  doubt  it  continued  to  increase,  throughout 
this  period,  in  numbers  and  reputation;  for,  in  1821,  an  act  of  incorpo- 
ration was  obtained  from  the  legislature.  The  board  of  directors  named 
in  the  charter,  consisted  of 


James  Kent,  president, 
Gideon  Hawley, 
Asa  H.  Center, 
John  V.  Henry, 


Peter  Boyd, 
Rev.  John  Chester, 
Joseph  Russell, 
William  Fowler. 


Teunis  Van  Vechten, 

Five  of  these,  it  will  be  seen,  were  among  the  original  subscribers, 
and  thus  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  the  enterprise  which  they  began, 
consolidated  and  rising  into  fame. 

In  the  same  year,  1821,  a  more  spacious  building  was  reared,  still  in 
Montgomery  street,  the  first  stone  of  which  was  laid  on  the  26th  June; 
and  so  rapidly  did  the  school  increase,  that  in  1827  an  additional  build- 
ing was  required,  and  erected  accordingly.  These  edifices  continued 
to  be  occupied  by  the  Academy  till  1834,  when  its  celebrity  and  numbers 
became  so  great  as  to  justify  and  demand  the  erection  of  the  splendid 
and  commodious  edifice  where  the  classes  now  meet.  On  the  12th  of 
May,  in  that  year,  the  new  building  was  opened,  when  an  address 
was  delivered  by  the  president,  Rev.  John  Ludlow.  The  following 
persons  then  constituted  the  board  of  trustees  and  the  faculty: 


Albany  Female  Academy. 


TRUSTEES. 


Rev.  John  Ludlow, 
Gideon  Hawley, 
James  Clark, 
Israel  Smith, 
Richard  M.  Meigs, 
Edwin  Croswell, 
Jacob  Sutherland, 


John  T.  Norton, 
James  Vanderpoel, 
Ph.  S.  Van  Rensselaer, 
Richard  V.  De  Witt, 
Thos.  W.  Olcott, 
Ira  Harris, 


FACULTY. 


Alonzo  Crittenton,  principal. 
Henry  Hart,  professor. 
Henri  Picard,  prof,  of  French. 
Ann  Charlotte  Lynch,  teacher. 
Harriet  B.  Hopkins,          " 
Charlotte  E.  Andrews,     " 


Ann  Hickcox, 
Harriet  E.  Fassett, 
Catharine  Pierce, 
Harriet  N.  Kirk, 
Emina  Whitney, 


teacher. 


At  the  present  time  the  trustees  and  faculty  are  as  follows  : 

TRUSTEED. 

Greene  C.  Bronson,  President. 

Edwin  Croswell, 

Thomas  W.  Olcolt, 

Ira  Harris, 

Rev.  I.  N.  Wyckoff, 

Harmon  Pumpelly, 


John  Q.  Wilson, 
Rev.  W.  B.  Sprague, 
Rev.  Duncan  Kennedy, 
Jas.  McNaughton, 
Marcus  T.  Reynolds, 
Amasa  J.  Parker. 


FACULTY. 


L.  Sprague  Parsons,  Principal. 
Chas.  Murray  Nairne, Professor. 
Julien  Molinard,  Prof.  French. 
Harriet  E.  McDoual,  teacher. 
Mary  Pynchon,  " 


Lucy  Jane   Fassett,    teacher. 

Jeannie  Miller, 

Emeline  Harvey, 

S.  A.  Bayeux, 

R.  Packard,  Prof.  voc.  Music, 


besides  various  professors  of  the  ornamental  branches  of  female  educa- 
tion, who  do  not  form  part  of  the  regular  faculty. 

Since  the  incorporation  of  the  Academy  there  have  been  six  presi- 
dents, as  follows  : 

James  Kent,  Chancellor  of  New  York,  deceased. 

Rev.  John  Chester,  pastor  of  the  Second  Presbyterian  Church,  de- 
ceased. 

Rev.  John  Ludlow,  now  provost  of  the'University  of  Pennsylvania. 

Rev.  Isaac  Ferris,  now  President  Rutger's  Institute,  New  York. 

Rev.  John  N.  Campbell,  pastor  First  Presbyterian  Church. 

Hon.  Greeae  C.  Bronson,  Judge  Supreme  Court. 

The  principals  of  the  Academy  since  the  foundation  have  been  five, 
namely : 


Alonzo  Crittenton, 
L.  Sprague  Parsons. 


Horace  Goodrich, 
Lebbeus  Booth, 
Frederick  Matthews, 
Of  these,  Messrs.  Goodrich   and   Matthews  are  dead.     Mr.  Booth, 
•on-in-law  of  the  founder,   is  resident  at  Ballston;  Mr.  Crittenton  is 


Albany  Female  Academy.          (f)  ^  f  it 


principal  of  the  Female  Academy  at  Brooklyn ;   and  Mr.  Parsons  is 
now  in  office. 

It  will  be  seen  that  some  of  the  most  distinguished  men  in  the  state  and 
country  have  been,  or  are,  connected  with  the  Albany  Female  Academy; 
and  if,  as  is  contemplated,  a  fuller  history  of  the  institution  than  the 
present  sketch,  be  given  to  the  public,  it  will  also  be  seen  how  many 
American  ladies,  occupying  useful,  honorable  and  high  places  in  society, 
have  received  their  education  at  this  celebrated  school. 

This  notice  would  be  incomplete  if  it  said  nothing  of  the  system  and 
course  of  instruction  pursued  in  the  Academy. 

The  school  consists  of  six  departments,  and  one  of  French,  which  may 
all  be  gone  through  in  the  space  of  eight  years.  Less  lime,  except  in 
extraordinary  cases,  would  be  insufficient  to  do  justice  to  the  scheme. 
The  studies  of  the  first  or  highest  department  require  two  years,  and  one 
year  additional  for  ancient  and  modern  languages  is  strongly  recom- 
mended, and  frequently  taken.  The  course  is  in  all  respects  complete  j 
the  system  thoroughgoing,  judicious  and  substantial.  The  writer  had 
no  acquaintance  with  the  Academy  till  within  these  last  two  years;  but 
now  for  upwards  of  twelve  months,  he  has  had  the  best  opportunity 
daily  of  observing  it,  and  comparing  it  with  similar  institutions,  both  in 
this  country  and  in  Europe,  and  it  is  but  due  to  truth  and  justice  to 
declare,  that  the  Albany  Female  Academy  is  superior  to  most,  and 
second  to  none  of  these,  both  in  the  cultivation  of  mind,  and  in  the 
maintenance  of  that  cheerfulness  of  heart,  buoyancy  of  spirit,  and 
unforced  love  of  knowledge,  whtch  many  have  deemed,  in  the  case  of 
females,  incompatible  with  such  faithful  and  severe  intellectual  disci- 
pline as  is  herej  practiced.  No  young  lady,  unless  in  the  rare  instances 
of  incorrigible  incapacity,  can  pass  clearly  and  continuously  through  the 
present  course  of  the  school,  without  an  accurate  knowledge  of  the  ordi- 
nary parts  of  an  English  education,  and  a  highly  respectable  acquaintance 
with  literature  and  science.  In  regard  to  those  who  have  talent  and 
diligence  enough  to  graduate,  much  stronger  terms  may  be  employed. 
It  is  understood  that  until  lately,  the  method — of  which  too  many  colle- 
ges set  an  example,  and  which  perhaps  could  not,  without  difficulty,  be 
departed  from  in  a  female  Academy — was  pursued  of  granting  diplo- 
mas to  all  who  had  passed  over  the  curriculum,  without  any  very  rigid 
examination  as  to  the  extent  of  their  profiting  by  it.  This,  the  usual 
plan,  has,  however,  been  abandoned  in  the  Albany  Female  Academy, 
and  a  special  examination  of  the  strictest  and  most  impartial  kind  has 
been  instituted,  so  that  now  it  is  certain  that  no  person  can  receive  a 
diploma  unless  she  fairly  and  fully  proves  herself  to  be  all  that  the 
diploma  affirms  she  is.  Graduation  implies  not  simply  attendance  dur- 
ing the  usual  time  at  school,  but  also  an  extensive  and  accurate  know- 
ledge of  literature,  philosophy,  mathematics  and  natural  science,  and  a 
diploma  from  this  institution  of  learning  is  one  of  the  highest  intellectual 
honors  that  a  lady  can  obtain.  Nor  do  strictness  of  discipline,  and  care 
in  the  distribution  of  honors  appear  to  affect  the  Academy  injuriously, 
but  the  reverse,  for  it  never  was  more  flourishing  than  at  the  present 
day.  The  number  of  scholars  with  which  the  school  commenced  in  1814, 
was  about  33;  at  present,  and  notwithstanding  the  institution  of  many 
seminaries,  upon  the  same  model,  it  exceeds  300,  drawn  from  all  parts 
of  the  United  States. 


84 


State  Normal  School. 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL. 

This  institution  was  established  in  1844,  by  an  act  of  the  legislature, 
for  the  instruction  and  practice  of  teachers  of  common  schools  in  the 
science  of  education  and  the  art  of  teaching.  An  annual  appropriation 
of  $10,000  was  made  for  its  support,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  literature  fund. 
Each  county  in  the  state  is  entitled  to  send  to  the  school  a  number  of 
pupils,  of  either  sex,  equal  to  twice  the  number  of  members  it  sends  to 
the  assembly,  where  they  have  the  privilege  of  remaining  until  they 
graduate,  defraying  all  their  own  expenses,  except  those  of  tuition  and 
mileage.  Females  are  not  admitted  under  16  years  of  age,  nor  males 
under  13.  On  entering  the  institution  they  are  required  to  sign  a  pledge 
to  devote  themselves  to  the  business  of  teaching  district  schools.  The 
summer  term  commences  on  the  first  Monday  in  May,  and  the  winter 
term  on  the  first  Monday  in  November.  The  number  of  graduates  dur- 
ing the  four  years  since  its  organization,  is  as  follows:  1845,  34;  1S46, 
110;  1847,  110;  184?,  96;  total,  350.  The  number  of  students  during 
the  last  term  was  146  females,  and  147  males;  total,  293.  Attached  to 
the  institution  is  an  experimental  school,  the  object  of  which  is  to  afford 
each  normal  pupil  an  opportunity  of  practicing  the  methods  of  instruc- 
tion and  discipline  inculcated  at  the  school,  as  well  as  to  ascertain  his 
aptness  to  teach,  and  to  discharge  the  various  other  duties  pertaining  to 
the  teacher's  responsible  office.  The  experimental  school  has  70  pupils, 
between  the  ages  of  six  and  sixteen,  35  of  whom  are  free  pupils.  The 
edifice  now  occupied  by  the  school,  No.  119  State  street,  was  built  by 
the  Mohawk  and  Hudson  Rail  Road  Company,  and  used  by  that  corpora- 


Houses  in  Albany  in  1786.  85 

tion  several  years  as  a  depot  for  the  passenger  trains,  until  the  termina- 
tion of  the  road  was  changed  to  Maiden  lane.    The  common  council 
contributes  the  rent  of  the  building  towards  the  encouragement  of  the 
enterprise.    In  return  for  which,  the  free  seats  in  the  experimental  school 
are  given  exclusively  to  fatherless  children  residing  in  the  city  of  Albany. 
At  the  last  session  of  the  legislature,  an  appropriation  of  $15,000  was 
made  for  the  erection  of  a  new  edifice  for  the  purposes  of  a  school,  and 
the  city  appropriated  the  lot  occupied  by  Engine  House  No.  9,  corner  of 
Howard  and  Lodge  streets.    A  spacious  and  convenient  building  is  in 
progress  of  erection,  which  will  be  ready  for  occupation  in  the  summer 
of  1849.    The  executive  committee  having  charge  of  the  institution  con- 
sists of  Christopher  Morgan,  superintendent  of  common  schools,  chair- 
man; Gideon  Hawley,  Samuel  Young,  Harmanus  Bleecker,  and  William 
H.  Campbell,  the  latter  acting  as  secretary.     The  faculty  consists  of: 
Geo.  R.  Perkins,  A.  M.,  Principal  and  Professor  of  Mathematics, 
Win.  F.  Phelps,  Permanent  Teacher  of  Experimental  School, 
Darwin  G.  Eaton,  Teacher  of  Mathematics,  etc., 
•Sumner  C.  Webb,  Teacher  of  Arithmetic,  etc., 
Silas  T.  Bowen,  Teacher  of  Grammar,  Mathematics,  etc., 
Wm.  W.  Clark,  Teacher  of  Natural  Philosophy  and  Chemistry, 
Truman  H.  Bowen,  Teacher  of  Vocal  Music,  etc., 
Elizabeth  C.  Hance,  Teacher  of  Reading  and  Geography, 
Ann  Maria  Ostrom,  Teacher  of  Drawing,  etc. 

The  first  principal  of  the  institution,  was  David  P.  Page,  who  died  in 
January,  184S,  at  the  early  age  of  38.  He  was  succeeded  by  Prof.  Geo. 
R.  Perkins,  whose  reputation  as  a  mathematician  is  so  well  known.  Un- 
der these,  and  a  corps  of  excellent  teachers,  the  school  has  attained  a 
lasting  reputation  in  the  short  space  of  four  years. 


HOUSES  IN  ALBANY  IN  1786. 

In  1786  the  number  of  houses  in  Albany  was  found  by  actual  enume- 
ration to  be  550.  A  statement  of  the  number  of  houses  in  the  principal 
cities  and  towns  at  this  time,  will  serve  to  show  their  relative  propor- 
tions: 


Philadelphia, 4600 

New  York, 3500 

Boston, 2100 

Baltimore, 1900 


Charleston  (S.  C.),. . .  1540 

Albany, 550 

New  Haven, 400 

Hartford, 300 


It  will  be  seen  that  Albany  was  the  sixth  in  point  of  number.  The 
census  of  Boston  was  found  to  be  at  that  time  14,640,  exclusive  of  stran- 
gers, which  gives  seven  persons  to  a  house.  At  this  rate  Albany  would 
have  had  3,850  inhabitants.  To  carry  out  the  calculation,  Philadelphia 
would  have  contained  32,200;  New  York,  24,500;  Baltimore,  13,300; 
Charleston,  10,780.  The  number  of  strangers  might  have  increased  the 
estimate  one  eighth.  The  population  of  these  places,  however,  is  known 
to  have  differed  considerably  from  the  above  estimates. 

8 


86 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 


REFORMED  PROTESTANT  DUTCH  CHURCH  IN  ALBANY. 

The  establishment  of  this  church  in  Holland  is  said  to  have  been  con- 
summated immediately  after  the  decision  of  the  Synod  of  Dort,  in  1619. 
The  colonists  of  New  Netherland  brought  with  them  a  strong  attachment 
to  the  doctrines,  worship  and  government  of  the  church  at  home,  and  how- 
ever  deeply  interested  in  secular  pursuits,  it  is  known  that  in  very  good 
time  they  took  rneasm-es  to  establish  among  them  the  regular  ministrations 
of  the  gospel.  There  are  no  records  preserved  in  the  church,  by  which 
to  ascertain  the  exact  time  when  it  was  organized  in  this  part  of  the 
colony,  though  it  is  claimed  by  some  to  have  been  coeval  with  the  first 
settlement.  Dr.  Livingston,  a  noted  preacher  in  the  early  part  of  the 
present  century,  says,  there  were  documents  in  existence  which  rendered 
it  certain  that  a  considerable  church  was  organized  in  New  York,  as  early 
as  1619,  and  that  records  were  extant,  containing  the  names  of  members 
in  full  communion,  dated  1622.  At  another  time,  speaking  of  the  Albany 
settlement,  he  says,  "  It  is  very  certain  that  they  had  ministers  there  as 
early,  if  not  before,  any  were  at  New  York."  Dr.  O'Callaghan,  on  the 
other  hand,  asserts  that  in  1640  no  church  or  clergyman  existed  yet  in  Rens- 
selaerswyck,  although  the  colony  at  New  Amsterdam  erected  a  church 
in  1633;  but  that  in  1642  the  Rev.  Johannes  Megapolensis,  "  the  pious 
and  well  learned  minister  of  the  congregation  of  Schoorel  and  Berge," 
came  out  under  the  patronage  of  the  patroon,  and  arrived  on  the  llth  of 
August.  It  is  ascertained  by  documents  preserved  in  the  Van  Rensselaer 
archives,  that  the  conditions  upon  which  the  above  named  clergyman  ac- 
cepted the  call  to  Rensselaerswyck,  were,  a  free  passage,  and  board  for 
himself  and  family  ;  an  outfit  of  300  guilders  ($120),  and  an  annual  salary 
of  1100  guilders  ($440),  30  schepels  (22^  bushels)  of  wheat,  and  2  firkins 
of  butter,  for  the  first  three  years;  and  if  the  patroon  was  satisfied  with 
his  services,  he  was  to  receive  an  additional  sum  of  200  guilders  ($80)  per 
annum,  for  another  term  of  three  years.  The  minister's  family  consisted 
of  himself  and  wife,  and  four  children.  A  house  for  the  dominie  had 
been  cortracted  for,  but  was  not  erected  when  he  arrived;  the  carpen- 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church.  87 

ter  of  the  colony  not  being  a  reliable  man,  if  Commissary  Van  Curler's 
account  of  him  is  correct;  but  a  house  constructed  entirely  of  oak 
was  purchased  on  his  arrival,  for  $120.  We  are  led  to  infer  that  the 
church  edifice  was,  likewise,  unprepared  for  the  use  of  the  minister ;  for 
the  commissary  wrote  to  the  patroon  that  he  intended  to  have  one  built 
during  the  summer,  "  in  the  pine  grove,"  34  feet  long  by  19  wide;  a 
building  previously  begun  not  proving  satisfactory  for  the  purpose.  The 
church  was  clustered  in  among  the  other  buildings  around  Fort  Orange, 
which  stood  near  the  river  between  Denniston  and  Lydius  streets,  and 
the  church  yard  was  in  the  rear,  on  what  is  now  Church  street.  The 
furniture  of  this  church  consisted  of  a  pulpit  ornamented  with  a  canopy, 
pews  for  the  magistrates  and  the  deacons,  and  nine  benches  for  the  con- 
gregation;  the  expense  of  all  which  was  $32.  A  new  stoop  was  added 
to  the  building  in  the  year  1651,  and  the  church  continued  to  accommodate 
the  faithful  till  1656,  a  period  of  13  years  from  the  time  of  its  erection. 
Mr.  Megapolensis  retired  from  the  colony  in  1649,  with  the  intention  of 
returning  to  Holland ;  but  he  was  persuaded  to  remain  at  Now  Amster- 
dam, where  he  still  resided  when  that  place  was  surrendered  to  the  Eng- 
lish, as  did  also  his  brother  William,  who  lent  the  weight  of  his  influence 
to  prevent  the  doughty  governor,  Stuyvesant,  from  firing  upon  the  enemy. 
He  died  in  1670. 

In  1652  the  Rev.  Gideon  Schaats  (or  Schaets)  was  sent  over  to  supply 
the  pulpit  at  Albany  for  three  years,  under  a  salary  of  800  guilders  per 
annum  ($320),  which  was  afterwards  increased  to  1000,  and  then  to  1300 
guilders  per  annum.  He  is  said  to  have  been  45  years  of  age  when  he 
arrived  in  the  colony,  and  was  accompanied  by  his  two  sons  and  daughter. 
He  is  supposed  to  have  died  in  1683. 

The  Rev.  Mr  Niewenhuysen  (or  Niewenhuyt)  was  a  colleague  of  Mr. 
Schaats  as  early  as  1675.  In  that  year  the  Rev.  Nicholas  Van  Rensselaer 
(or  Nicholas  Ranslaer)  arrived  here,  and  set  up  a  claim  not  only  to  tho 
pulpit,  but  also  to  the  manor  itself;  but  failed  to  obtain  either.  The  Duke 
of  York  recommended  him  to  Sir  Edmund  Andross  for  a  living  in  one  of 
the  churches  at  New  York  or  Albany.  Suspected  of  being  a  papist,  Mr. 
Niewenhuysen  disputed  his  right  to  administer  the  sacraments,  on  the 
ground  that  he  was  not  approved  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  to  which 
the  Dutch  churches  here  held  themselves  subordinate.  In  this  controversy 
the  governor  took  the  part,  of  Mr.  Van  Rensselaer,  and  summoned  Niew- 
enhuysen before  him  to  answer  for  his  conduct  ;*  but  he  was  so  grossly 
maltreated,  and  so  frequently  harassed  by  fruitless  and  expensive  attend- 
ances before  the  council,  that  the  greater  part  of  the  people  resented  the 
usage  he  met  with  ;  and  the  magistrates  of  Albany,  in  retaliation,  impri- 
soned Mr.  Van  Rensselaer  for  "  several  dubious  words  "  uttered  in  a  ser- 
mon. The  governor  in  turn  ordered  him  to  be  released,  and  summoned 
the  magistrates  to  attend  him  at  New  York,  where  warrants  were  issued 
to  compel  them  to  give  security  in  £5,000  each,  to  make  out  good  cause 
for  confining  the  minister.  Leisler,  who  was  one  of  them,  refused  to 
comply,  and  was  imprisoned.  Sir  Edmund,  fearful  that  a  great  party 
would  rise  up  against  him,  was  at  last  compelled  to  discontinue  his  eccle- 
siastical jurisdiction,  and  refer  the  controversy  to  the  decision  of  the  con- 
sistory of  the  Dutch  church  at  Albany.  It  is  said  that  Mr.  Van  Rensse- 
laer's  popularity  with  the  prince  grew  out  of  his  having  predicted,  while 

•  N«w  York  Records,  vol.  iii,  p.  54  et  seq. 


88  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 

Charles  II.  was  in  exile,  the  day  of  his  restoration;  and  it  is  furthermore 
related  that  the  people  of  Albany  held  his  prophetic  pretensions  in  high 
estimation,  out  of  which  proceeded  many  strange  tales. 

A  stone  church  was  erected  in  1656,  at  the  intersection  of  what  was 
then  or  afterwards  called  Yonker's  and  Handelaer's  streets,  now  known 
as  State  street  and  Broadway.  The  corner  stone  was  laid  by  Rutger 
Jacobsen,  and  the  pulpit  and  bell,  promised  to  be  sent  over  by  the  Dutch 
West  India  Company,  arrived  in  due  time,  and  served  the  congregation  a 
century  and  a  half. 

In  1683,  the  Rev.  Godfredius  Dellius  arrived,  to  assist  Mr.  Schaats  in 
the  ministry,  who  was  now  about  76  years  of  age.  The  Register  of  Bap- 
tisms commences  this  year,  with  the  name  of  Mr.  Dellius  at  the  head  of 
the  page,  and  has  been  tolerably  well  kept  ever  since.  At  the  time  Mr. 
Dellius  arrived  in  the  colony,  the  church  is  said  to  have  been  very 
numerous,  to  which  great  additions  were  made  by  him,  especially  among 
the  Mohawk  Indians.  Unhappily  he  was  led  into  extravagant  speculations 
in  land,  which  involved  him  in  difficulties,  and  led  to  his  dismissal  in  1699, 
when  he  returned  to  Holland.  The  history  of  the  dominies  in  New  Neth- 
erland  exhibits  a  succession  of  active  labors  in  an  unpromising  and  rather 
uninviting  field;  and  a  series  of  private  woes  and  difficulties,  which  drove 
several  of  them  back  to  the  shores  of  Europe.  The  flock  was  widely  ex- 
tended. Besides  the  colony  of  Rensselaerswyck,  it  embraced  the  Mohawk 
Indians,  and  the  settlements  on  the  river.  There  was  a  considerable  in- 
gathering  of  neophytes  from  Kinderhook  and  more  remote  places,  in  all 
directions. 

In  1700,  the  Rev.  •  Nucella  was  the  officiating  minister;  and  in 

1703  the  Rev.  John  Lydius  commenced  his  labors,  which  terminated  in 
1709.  The  pulpit  seems  to  have  been  vacant  two  years.  The  baptismal 
register  has  the  name  of  Rev.  Gualterus  Du  Bois,  who  resided  in  New 
York,  in  1710 ;  and  that  of  Rev.  Petrus  Vas,  in  1711 ;  neither  of  whom  ap- 
pear to  have  been  settled  pastors. 

In  1712  the  Rev.  Petrus  Van  Driessen  was  called,  and  continued  his 
ministerial  labors  until  his  death,  whieh  took  place  about  the  1st  of  Febru- 
ary, 1738.  In  the  meantime  the  church  was  rebuilt,  namely,  in  1715,  upon 
the  site  of  the  old  one,  at  the  confluence  of  State  with  Court  and  Market 
streets,  and  a  patent  or  charter  procured  in  1720.  The  Rev.  Cornelis 
Van  Schie  began  to  officiate  as  his  colleague  in  1733 ;  after  whose  de- 
cease, in  August.  1744,  the  Rev.  Theodoras  Frelinghuysen  occupied  the 
pulpit  till  1760,  when  he  abruptly  left  the  church  and  returned  to  Holland. 
The  story  of  this  ill-fated  divine,  as  told  by  Mrs.  Grant,  excites  our  com- 
passion for  a  worthy,  zealous,  and  high-minded  man.  The  account  of 
his  tragical  end  is  variously  told,  and  may  have  had  a  legendary  origin. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1760,  the  Rev.  Eilardus  Westerlo  arrived 
from  Holland,  and  entered  upon  the  pastoral  charge.  He  became  one  of 
the  most  eminent  ministers  of  the  Dutch  church  in  America,  and  died  in 
1790,  at  the  early  age  of  53,  in  the  thirty-first  year  of  his  ministry,  greatly 
revered  and  lamented  by  his  people. 

During  the  occupation  of  New  York  by  the  British,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Living- 
ston occasionally  assisted  Dr.  Westerlo,  from  1776  to  1779;  but  when4  a 
call  was  given  him  in  1780,  he  declined  its  acceptance.  A  disposition  was 
manifested  by  some  of  the  prominent  members  of  the  church,  twenty  years 
after,  to  give  him  a  call  to  pre&ch  to  them  in  the  Dutch  language ;  but 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church.  89 

the  trustees  reluctantly  consented,  after  several  refusals,  to  grant  a  salary 
for  the  purpose;  and  when  they  finally  acceded  to  it,  the  sum  was  too 
small,  and  the  doctor  had  become  too  infirm  to  leave  his  charge  in  New 
York,  if  he  had  entertained  the  wish  to  do  so. 

In  1787  the  Rev  John  Bassett  was  associated  with  Dr.  Westerlo.  The 
church  had  now  become  comparatively  wealthy  and  numerous.  In  1798, 
during  his  ministry,  the  congregation  having  become  too  large  for  the  di- 
mensions of  their  ancient  church,  a  new  one  was  completed,  in  North  Pearl 
street,  and  services  were  held  weekly  in  both  places.  About  this  time, 
serious  differences  arose  between  Mr.  Bassett  and  his  consistory,  which  led 
to  his  withdrawal  from  the  church  in  1804.  He  removed  to  the  Boght, 
and  afterwards  to  Bushwick,  Long  Island,  where  he  died  in  1820. 

The  Rev.  John  B.  Johnson  became  the  colleague  of  Dr.  Bassett  in  1796, 
and  continued  here  until  1802,  when  he  withdrew,  and  removed  to  Brook- 
lyn. He  died  at  Newtown.  Long  Island,  on  the  29th  August,  1803.  In 
consequence  of  impaired  health  he  had  withdrawn  from  the  cares  of  a 
large  congregation,  and  accepted  a  call  where  less  exertion  was  re- 
quired; but  his  disease  was  too  deeply  rooted,  and  the  change  proved 
ineffectual  to  his  relief.  After  the  death  of  his  wife,  who  left  him  in  April 
with  three  infant  children,  he  rapidly  declined.  He  was  distinguished  by 
abilities  which  marked  him  for  extensive  usefulness,  and  his  mind  was  im- 
proved  by  a  liberal  education  and  indefatigable  study.  He  enjoyed  great 
popularity  with  his  people,  and  during  his  ministry  very  gratifying  acces- 
sions were  made  to  the  church.  The  two  ministers  preached  alternately 
in  the  old  and  new  churches. 

By  the  removal  of  Mr.  Bassett  in  1804,  the  church  was  left  without  a 
pastor.  At  this  juncture,  a  meeting  of  the  great  consistory  was  called 
for  the  purpose  of  deliberating  upon  the  concerns  of  the  church,  and  to 
decide  upon  the  call  of  a  pastor.  This  body  was  composed  of  the  acting 
board,  and  the  surviving  members  of  all  former  boards  of  consistory,  and 
met  on  the  27th  of  May,  1805.  The  following  members  attended: 


John  Veeder, 
John  N.  Bleecker, 
John  B.  Bradt, 
John  H.Wendell, 
John  D.  P.  Douw, 

Pruyn. 

Henry  Truax, 
Douw  Fonda, 
Gerrit  Quackenbush, 
Killian  J.  Winne, 
Sol'n  Van  Rensselaer, 
Harmanus  P.  Schuyler, 
Anthony  Van  Santvoort, 
(, Jacob  Ten  Eyck) 
jLeonard  Gansevoort, 
Gerrit  Groesbeeck, 


Henry  Quackenbush, 
Henry  Staats. 
Isaac  Truax, 
John  Gates, 
Gerrit  A.  Lansing, 
Peter  Lansing, 
Joachim  Staats, 
James  Bleecker, 
Elbert  WiHett, 
John  J.  Bleecker, 
John  H.  Wendell, 
Cor's  Van  Schelluyne, 
Philip  P.  Schuyler, 
Cornelius  Van  Vechten, 
William  Staats, 
Abraham  Schuyler, 
John  P.  Quackenboss, 


K.  K.  Van  Rensselaer, 
Jacob  Bleecker,  Jr., 
Teunis  Ts.Van  Vechten, 
Harmanus  A.  Wendell, 
Henry  Van  Woert, 
Casparus  Pruyn, 
Gerardus  Lansing, 
Jacob  J,  Lansing, 
Gornelius  Groesbeeck, 
Richard  Lush, 
Sanders  Lansing, 
Isaac  Bogert, 
Jacob  Van  Loon, 
Volkert  S.  Veeder, 
Peter  E.  Elmendorf, 
Abraham  Ten  Eyck. 


In  the  absence  of  any  pagtor,  Mr.  Peter  Dox  had  presided  over  the  meet- 
ings of  the  board  for  a  long  time.  They  determined  to  call  the  Rev.  John 
M,  Bradford,  under  a  salary  of  $1500.  He  was  to  be  required  to  preach 


90  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church, 

but  once  on  each  sabbath  during  the  first  year,  and  his  salary  was  to  be 
increased  $250  in  the  event  of  his  marriage.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Linn,  who  had 
been  an  occasional  preacher  here  several  years,  was  also  engaged  to  preach 
once  on  each  sabbath.  Mr.  Bradford  was  ordained  and  installed  pastor  of 
the  church  on  the  llth  of  August,  ]805. 

The  project  of  another  new  church  began  to  be  agitated  early  in  1799, 
to  be  located  upon  the  ancient  church  yard,  where  it  was  subsequently 
built.  In  1805,  the  ground  occupied  by  the  old  church  at  the  foot  of  State 
street,  was  sold  to  the  city  corporation,  for  $5,000,  and  in  the  spring  of 
the  following  year  it  was  taken  down,  and  the  materials  used  in  the  con, 
struction  of  the  church  on  Beaver  street.  A  great  deal  of  interest  still 
attaches  to  this  venerable  edifice,  and  its  demolition  was  viewed  with  pain, 
ful  emotions  by  many  of  the  old  people,  who  had  been  so  long  accustomed 
to  worship  there.  It  had  served  the  purposes  of  the  congregation  nearly 
a  century,  aqd  was  invested  with  an  unusual  religious  affection  and  vene- 
ration j  the  inarch  of  improvement  has  seldom  overturned  a  nobler  struc- 
ture. The  site  had  been  selected  for  the  church  just  a  century  and  a  half 
preyioqs.  The  one  erected  in  1643  had  before  1656  become  inadequate  to 
the  accommodation  of  the  community,  and  it  had  been  determined  in  the 
course  of  the  preceding  year  to  erect  a  new  building.  To  assist  this  good 
work  the  patroan  and  codirectors  subscribed  1000  guilders,  or  $400,  and 
1500  guilders  were  appropriated  from  the  fines  imposed  by  the  court  at 
Fort  Orange.  In  the  early  part  of  the  summer,  Rutger  Jacobsen,  one  of 
the  magistrates,  laid  the  corner  stone  of  the  sacred  edifice,  in  presence  of 
the  authorities,  both  of  the  town  and  oolonie,  an.d  of  the  assembled  inha. 
bitants.  A  temporary  pulpit  was,  at  first,  erected  for  the  use  of  the  mi. 
nister,  but  the  settlers  subscribed  twenty-five  beavers  to  purchase  a  more 
splendid  one  in  Holland.  The  chamber  at  Amsterdam  added  seventy-five 
guilders  to  this  sum,  for  "the  beavers  were  greatly  damaged;"  and  "with 
a  view  to  inspire  the  congregation  with  more  ardent  zeal,"  presented 
them  the  next  year  with  a  bell,  "  to  adorn  their  newly  constructed  little 
church."*  A  fragment  of  this  bell  is  still  preserved,  it  is  said,  in  one  of 
the  churches,  bearing  the  inscription,  "  Anno  1601."  And  when  in  1715, 
the  original  structure  was  beginning  to  decay,  and  the  congregation, 
becoming  too  numerous  for  its  dimensions,  the  foundations  of  a  new  one 
were  laid  around  it,  and  the  walls  carried  up  and  enclosed  before  the  first 
was  taken  down,  so  that  the  customary  services  were  interrupted  only 
three  sabbaths.  This  enlargement  was  made  in  the  third  year  of  the  mi. 
nistry  of  the  Rev.  Petrus  Van  Driessen  ;  and  the  ingenuity  of  the  scheme 
by  which  so  great  a  work  was  accomplished  without  materially  interrupt- 
ing  the  weekly  services,  seems  to  have  been  a  subject  of  great  admiration 
and  universal  remark,  in  all  time  since,  The  edifice  which  had  been  con, 
structed  in  this  extraordinary  manner,  was  in  the  Gothic  style,  and  is  sup» 
posed  to  be  correctly  delineated  in  the  accompanying  engraving.  It 
occupied  almost  the  entire  width  of  State  street,  and  extended  partly 
across  Broadway. 

When  the  church  was  demolished,  very  few  of  the  armorial  bearings  upon 
its  stained  windows  escaped  destruction  ;  still  a  few  relics  were  preserved. 
Among  these,  is  one  of  its  small  windows;  also,  the  weather-fane,  and 
one  of  the  bags  in  which  the  contributions  were  taken.  But  above  aU  the 

»  Hist.  N.  Nelh.,  i»,,  3Q7, 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 


91 


old  pulpit  is  still  in  existence,  and  forms 
a  very  interesting  relic.  It  was  sent 
over  Irom  Holland  in  1656,  and  was 
continued  in  the  service  of  the  church 
150  years.  It  is  constructed  of  oak, 
octagonal  in  form,  about  four  feet  high, 
and  three  feet  in  diameter.  Although 
in  a  dismounted  state,  and  rather  off 
at  the  hinges,  it  is  otherwise  in  a  very 
good  state  of  preservation.  The  ac- 
companying engraving  represents  it 
very  accurately,  as  it  now  stands  in 
the  attic  of  the  North  Dutch  Church. 
The  bracket  is  seen  in  front,  upon 
which  the  dominie  placed  the  hour  glass,  when  he  commenced  his  dis- 
course. This  pulpit  was  occupied  by  a  long  line  of  ministers,  whose  me- 
mory has  been  so  much  neglected,  that  it  has  been  with  great  difficulty 
and  labor  we  have  traced  their  names  even,  and  that  imperfectly.  The 
following  is  the  best  account  we  are  able  to  give  of  the  succession  of  the 
ministry. 

1642  to  1649,     Rev.  Johannes  Megapolensis. 
1652  to  1683,     Rev.  Gideon  Schaats. 

J675  Rev.  . Niewenhuysen. 

J6.83  to  1699,     Rev.  Godfredius  Dellius. 

1699  to  * — =-      Rev. Nucella. 

J703  to  1709,     Rev.  John  Lydius. 

1710  no  pastor,  Rev.  GualterusDu  Bois.  (occasional) 

1711  do.        Rev.  Petrus  Vas.  (       do.       ) 

1712  to  173S,     Rev.  Petrus  Van  Driessen. 
1733  to  1744,     Rev.  Cornelis  Van  Schie. 

•mi      to  1760,     Rev.  Theodorus  Frelinghuysen. 

1760  to  1790,     Rev.  Eilardus  Westerlo. 

1776  to  1779,     Rev.  John  H.  Livingston,  (occasional) 

1787  to  1804,     Rev.  John  Bassett. 

1796  to  1802,     Rev.  John  B.  Johnson. 

1805  Rev.  John  M.  Bradford. 

The  minutes  of  the  board  of  consistory  were  very  imperfectly  kept  pre- 
vious to  the  year  1790.  The  records  of  the  church  which  we  have  seen, 
consist  principally  of  registers  of  baptisms  and  marriages,  kept  often  in  a 
very  obscure  manner,  in  which  the  elections  of  church  officers  are  some- 
times interspersed.  Soon  after  the  above  date,  however,  a  new  spirit 
geems  to  have  animated  the  board,  which  was  composed  of  some  of  the 
most  eminent  men  of  the  city.  They  entered  upon  the  business  of  erecting 
a  large  church,  surpassing  all  others  in  the  city;  and  among  other  im- 
provements and  regulations  which  they  introduced,  they  caused  the  minutes 
of  the  board,  as  far  as  they  had  been  kept,  to  be  fairly  transcribed,  and 
insisted  upon  their  being  properly  and  fully  noted.  Since  then  their  trans- 
actions have  b*en  very  well  preserved. 

We  have  traced  the  history  of  this  church,  one  of  the  oldest  in  the 
United  States,  down  to  the  year  1805,  when  a  new  era  begins.  The  church 
now  consists  of  three  congregations,  an  account  of  which  is  deferred  to  a 
future  time, 


.» 


92  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 

APPENDIX. 

Call  of  the  Rev.  Johannes  Megapolensis. — Whereas,  by  the  state  of  the 
navigation  in  the  East  and  West  Indies,  a  door  is  opened  through  the 
special  providence  of  God,  also  in  New  Netherland,  for  the  preaching 
of  the  gospel  of  Jesus  Christ,  for  the  salvation  of  men,  as  good  fruits 
have  been  already  witnessed  there,  through  God's  mercy  ;  and  whereas 
the  brethren  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  have  been  notified  that  Mr. 
Kiliaen  Van  Rensselaer  hath  within  the  said  limits  in  the  North  River, 
as  patroon  or  lord,  founded  a  colony  named  Renselaerswyck,  and  would 
fain  have  the  same  provided  with  a  good,  honest,  and  pure  preacher  ; 
therefore  they  have  observed  and  fixed  their  eyes,  on  the  reverend,  pi- 
ous  and  well-learned  Dr.  Joannes  Megapolensis,  junior,  a  faithful  ser- 
vant of  the  gospel  of  the  Lord,  in  the  congregation  of  Schorel  and 
Berg,  under  the  Classis  of  Alkmaar,  whom  ye  have  also  called,  after 
they  had  spoken  with  the  said  lord,  Mr.  Kiliaen  Van  Rensselaer,  in  the 
same  manner  as  they,  with  his  honor's  approbation,  do  hereby  call  him 
to  be  sent  to  New  Netherland,  there  to  preach  God's  word  in  the  said 
colony,  to  administer  the  holy  sacraments  of  baptism  and  the  Lord's 
supper;  to  set  an  example  to  the  congregation,  in  a  Christian  like  man- 
ner, by  public  precept ;  to  ordain  elders  and  deacons  according  to  the 
form  of  the  holy  apostle  Paul,  1  Tim.,  iii.,  1 ;  moreover  to  keep  and 
govern,  with  the  advice  and  assistance  of  the  same,  God's  congregation 
in  good  discipline  and  order,  all  according  to  God's  holy  word,  and  in 
conformity  with  the  government,  confession  and  catechism  of  the  Nether- 
land  churches  and  the  synodal  acts  of  Dordrecht,  subscribed  by  him  to 
this  end,  with  his  own  hand,  and  promised  in  the  presence  of  God,  at 
his  ordination,  requesting  hereby  all  and  every  who  shall  see  and  read 
these,  to  respect  our  worthy  brother  as  a  lawfully  called  minister,  and 
him  to  esteem  by  reason  of  his  office,  so  that  he  may  perform  the  duty 
of  the  gospel  to  the  advancement  of  God's  holy  name  and  the  conver- 
sion of  many  poor  blind  men.  May  the  Almighty  God,  who  hath  call- 
ed  him  to  this  ministry,  and  instilled  tl.is  good  zeal  in  his  heart,  to  pro- 
claim  Christ  to  Christians  and  heathens  in  such  distant  lands,  strengthen 
him  more  and  more,  in  this  his  undertaking,  enrich  him  with  all  sorts  of 
spiritual  gifts;  and  bless  overflowiugly  his  faithful  labors;  and  when 
the  Chief  Shepherd,  Christ  Jesus,  shall  appear,  present  him  with  the 
imperishable  crown  of  eternal  glory.  Amen.  Thus  given  in  our  clas- 
sical  assembly  at  Amsterdam,  this  22d  day  of  March,  1642.  Signed  in 
the  name  and  on  behalf  of  the  whole  body.  Wilhelmus  Somerus,  loco 
praesidis  ;  Zloahar  Svvalmius,  scriba  classis ;  Jonas  Abeels,  elder.  Ex- 
amined and  approved  by  the  directors  of  the  West  India  Company, 
Chamber  of  Amsterdam,  6th  June  1642  (sisned)  Charles  Looten,  Elhs 
de  Raet.  Mr.  Megapolensis  embarked  in  the  Houttuyn,  and  arrived  at 
the  colony  in  August  of  1642.— O'Callaghan's  Hist.  N.  Neth.,  i.,  449, 

The  First  Church. — In  commissary  Van  Curler's  letter  to  the  patroon, 
dated  June  16,  1643,  he  says:  "  As  for  the  church,  it  is  not  yet  con- 
tracted for,  nor  even  begun.  I  had  written  last  year  to  your  honor,  that  I 
had  a  building  almost  ready,  namely,  the  covenanted  work,  which 
would  have  been  for  Dom.  Megapolensis  ;  and  this  house  was  not  agree- 
able to  the  taste  of  Dom.  Johannes  5  in  other  respects  it  was  altogether 
suitable  for  him,  so  that  i  have  laid  it  aside,  That  which  I  intend  to 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church.  93 

build  this  summer  in  the  pine  grove  (in  het  greynen  bosch),  will  be  34 
feet  long  by  19  feet  wide.  It  will  be  large  enough  for  the  first  three  or 
four  years,  to  preach  in,  and  can  afterwards  always  serve  for  the  resi- 
dence of  the  sexton,  or  for  a  school."— Ibid.,  i.,459. 

Note  of  Hand. — It  appears  that  in  1647,  the  church  was  rich  enough 
to  loan  money  to  the  patroon,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  following  note  of 
hand  to  the  deaconry:  "I,  the  undersigned,  Anthonie  de  Hooges, 
have,  on  the  part  of  the  noble  patroon  of  the  colonie  of  Rensselaers- 
wyck,  borrowed  from  the  diaconie  of  the  aforesaid  place,  for  the  term 
of  one  year,  to  be  repaid  in  cash,  at  the  option  of  the  lenders,  with  ten 
per  cent  interest  per  annum,  the  sum  of  three  hundred  guilders  in  sea- 
wan,  whereof  one  hundred  and  twenty  is  in  ordinary  seawan.  promis- 
ing thankfully  to  produce  at  the  aforesaid  time,  in  stated  specie  afore- 
said, to  the  diaconie  of  the  aforesaid  place.  In  testimony  whereof, 
have  I  subscribed  this  acte  with  mine  own  hand.  Aclum  R.  Wyck,  9th 
May,  1647."— Ibid,  t..  471. 

Agreement  between  Dom.  Megapolensis  and  the  Patroon. — The  condi- 
tions upon  which  Mr.  Megapolensis  accepted  the  call  "  to  administer 
and  promote  divine  service  in  the  colonie  for  the  term  of  six  successive 
years,  according  to  previous  demission  from  his  classis/'  were  as  fol- 
lowe  :  "  Firstly,  Dr.  Johannes  Megapolensis  39  years  old,  with  his 
wife,  Machtelt  Willemsen,  aged  42  years,  besides  his  children,  HeJle- 
gond,  Derrick,  Jan,  and  Samuel,  aged  14,  12,  10  and  8  years,  shall  furn- 
ish and  provide  themselves  with  clothing,  furniture  and  other  utensils, 
and  these  put  up  in  such  small  and  compact  parcels,  as  can  be  properly 
stowed  away  in  the  ship.  In  the  mean  lime,  as  his  six  years  and  his 
salary  shall  commence  so  soon  as  be  shall  set  foot  in  the  aforesaid  colo- 
nie, the  patroon,  in  addition  to  free  board  for  them  all  in  the  ship,  until 
they  reach  the  colonie,  shall  over  and  above  make  him  a  present,  for 
future  serivce,  at  once,  of  three  hundred  guilders,  without  deduction. 
And  in  case  it  happen,  which  the  Lord  God  in  his  mercy  forbid,  that  he 
and  his  family  come  to  fall  in  the  hands  of  the  Dunkirkers,  the  pa-troon 
promises  to  use  all  diligence  to  procure  his  ransom;  to  forward  him  af- 
terwards on  his  voyage,  according  as  occasion  shall  again  offer,  and  to 
cause  to  be  paid  him  during  his  detention,  for  the  support  of  himself  and 
family,  forty  guilders  per  month;  and  also  so  much  here  monthly,  after 
he  shall  have  received  his  liberty  and  orders,  and  shall  have  conveyed 
him  hither,  until  he  embarks.  On  his  arrival,  by  God's  help,  in  the  co- 
lonie, the  patroon  shall  cause  to  be  shown  to  him  where  he  and  his  shall 
lodge  at  first,  until  a  fit  dwelling  shall  be  erected  for  him.  So  soon  as 
he  shall  reach  the  colonie,  his  hereafter  mentioned  salary  shall  com- 
mence, and  his  board  and  wages  cease,  and  the  palroon  be  discharged 
therefrom.  Which  salary,  in  order  that  he  and  his  family  shall  be  able 
honorably  to  maintain  themselves,  and  not  be  necessitated  to  have  re- 
course to  any  other  means,  whether  tilling  the  land,  commerce,  rearing 
of  cattle,  or  such  like  ;  but  by  the  diligent  performance  of  his  duties,  for 
the  edifying  improvement  of  the  inhabitants  and  Indians,  without  being 
indebted  to  any  person,  which  he  also  acknowledges  to  observe  ;  where- 
fore the  patroon  promises  to  cause  to  be  paid  to  him  for  the  first  three 
years'  salary,  meat,  drink,  and  whatever  else  he  may  claim  in  that  re- 
gard, one  thousand,  or  ten  hundred  guilders  yearly,  one  half  here  in 


94  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 

this  country,  the  remaining  half  in  proper  account  there,  according  as 
he  requires  it,  ia  provisions,  clothing,  and  such  like,  at  the  ordinary  and 
accustomed  prices;  and  a  further  yearly  addition  of  thirty  schepels  of 
wheat — I  say  thirty  schepels — and  two  firkins  of  butter,  or  in  place 
thereof,  sixty  guilders  in  money's  worth.  Should  the  patroon  be  satis- 
fied with  his  service,  he  shall  give  him  yearly,  the  three  following  years, 
an  increase  of  two  hundred  guilders.  In  case  of  decease  within  the 
aforesaid  six  years,  at  which  time  the  salary  shall  cease,  the  patroon 
shall  pay  to  his  widow,  besides  the  supplement  of  the  half  year  in  which 
he  shall  have  entered,  a  yearly  sum  of  one  hundred  guilders,  until  the 
expiration  of  the  aforesaid  six  years.  He  shall,  besides,  befriend  and 
serve  the  patroon,  in  all  things  wherein  he  can  do  so  without  interfering 
with  or  impeding  his  duties.  The  aforesaid  Johannes  Megapolensis 
having  also  promised  to  comport  himself  in  the  said  colonie  as  a  loyal 
subject  and  inhabitant  thereof,  the  above  named  palroon,  on  his  side, 
also  promises,  for  him  and  his  successors,  to  perform  and  execute  what 
is  hereinbefore  set  forth,  and  to  furnish  him  with  due  acte  and  commis- 
sion, sealed  with  the  seal  of  the  patroon  and  the  colonie;  and  in  acknow- 
ledgment of  the  truth,  without  fraud,  guile,  or  deceit,  has  this  writing 
been  signed  by  both  sides.  In  Amsterdam,  this  6lh  of  March,  1642." — 
Ibid,  i.,  448. 

The  Rev.  Gideon  Schaats — the  second  clergyman  in  Albany,  was  born- 
in?1607.  He  was  originally  engaged  as  minister  of  the  colonie  of  Rensse- 
laerswyck,  but  in  1657,  he  was  appointed ''  at  the  request  of  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Fort  Orange  and  Beverwyck,"  minister  of  the  latter  place,  at 
a  salary  of  1200  guilders,  "  to  be  collected  for  the  greatest  part  from  the 
inhabitants."  The  following  is  a  contract  under  which  he  first  came  to 
this  country:  "We,  Johan  Van  Rensselaer,  patroon,  and  codirectors  of 
the  Colonie  Rensselaerswyck  in  New  Netherland,  having  seen  and  ex- 
amined the  actes  granted  by  the  venerable  Classis  of  Amsterdam  to 
Dominie  Gideon  Schaats,  so  have  we  invited  and  accepted  the  said 
Gideon  Schaats  as  preacher  in  our  aforesaid  colonie,  there  to  perform 
divine  service  in  quality  aforesaid.  To  use  all  Christian  zeal  there 
to  bring  up  both  the  heathens  and  their  children  in  the  Christian  re- 
ligion. To  leach  also  the  Catechism  there,  and  instruct  the  people  in 
the  holy  scriptures,  and  to  pay  attention  to  the  office  of  schoolmaster 
for  old  and  young.  And  further  to  do  everything  fitting  and  becoming 
a  public,  honest  and  holy  teacher,  for  the  advancement  of  divine  service 
and  church  exercise  among  the  young  and  old.  And,  in  case  his  rever- 
ence should  take  any  of  the  heathen  children  there  to  board  and  to  edu- 
cate, he  shall  be  indemnified  therefor  as  the  commissioners  there  shall 
think  proper.  And  he  is  accepted  and  engaged  for  the  period  of  three 
years,  commencing  when  his  reverence  shall  have  arrived  thither  in  the 
Colonie  Rensselaerswick,  in  the  ship  the  Flower  of  Gelder,  his  passage 
and  board  being  free  ;  and  he  shall  enjoy  for  his  salary, yearly,  the  sura 
of  eight  hundred  guilders,  which  shall  be  paid  to  his  reverence  there 
through  the  patroon's  and  codirectors'  commissioners;  and  in  case  of 
prolongation,  the  salary  and  allowance  shall  be  increased  in  such  man- 
ner as  the  parties  there  shall  mutually  agree  upon.  And  as  a  donation, 
and  in  confirmation  of  this  reciprocal  engagement,  one  hundred  guilders 
are  now  presented  to  the  dominie.  And  in  addition  the  sum  of  three 
hundred  guilders  to  be  deducted  from  the  first  earned  wages  in  the  colo- 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church.  95 

nie,  which  moneys  he  doth  hereby  acknowledge  to  have  received,  acquit- 
ting  thereof  the  palroon  and  codirectors.  Finally,  should  the  dominie 
require  any  money  to  the  amount  of  one  hundred  guilders,  to  be  paid 
yearly  here,  and  to  be  deducted  there,  the  said  payment,  on  advice  from 
the  commissaries  there,  shall  be  made  here,  to  the  order  of  the  afore- 
said dominie.  Whereupon,  the  call,  acceptance,  and  agreement  are  con- 
cluded, each  promising  on  his  side,  with  God's  help,  to  observe  and  fol- 
low the  same,  which  each  has  promised,  and  in  testimony  thereof  have 
both  signed  this.  In  Amsterdam,  this  eighth  of  May,  XVI  hundred  two 
and  fifty."  Was  signed  Johan  Van  Rensselaer,  Toussaint  Mussart,  for 
the  codirectors,  Gideon  Schaats  called  minister  to  Rensselaerswick. — 
Ibid,  if.,  567. 

Mr.  Schaats's  Children. — The  Rev.  Mr.  Schaats  had  three  children, 
two  sons  and  one  daughter.  Reynier,  the  oldest,  removed  to  Schenec- 
tady,  where  he  was  killed,  with  his  son,  at  the  great  massacre,  Feb.  10, 
1690.  Bartolomeus,  the  second,  passed  over  to  Holland,  1670,  but  re- 
turned and  settled  as  a  silversmith  in  New  York,  where  he  died  about 
1720,  having  a  son,  Reynier,  from  whom  are  descended  all  of  the  name 
now  in  this  country.  AnnekcS.,  the  daughter,  married  Thomas  Davitse 
Kikebell,  of  New  York.  She  was  by  no  means  a  favorite  with  some  of 
the  female  portion  of  her  father's  congregation,  who  carried  their  feel- 
ings so  far,  at  one  time,  as  to  object  to  approach  the  Lord's  supper  in 
her  company.  Her  father  resented  this.  Indeed,  already  female  gossip 
had  been  caught  busy  at  a  tea  party  with  even  the  dominie's  character  j 
a  prosecution  for  slander  ensued,  and  the  parties  had  to  pay  heavy  dama- 
ges. Out  of  this  probably  arose  the  ill-will  towards  the  daughter,  who 
was  sent  by  the  magistrates  to  her  husband  at  New  York.  The  dominie 
in  consequence,  resigned  his  charge  over  the  church,  after  having  preach- 
ed a  sermon  on  2  Peter,  i.,  12-15.  He  was,  however,  reconciled  to  his 
flock,  and  Anneke  returned  to  her  father,  by  whom  she  seems  to  have 
been  much  loved." — Ibid,  ii.,  568. 

Dom.  Dellins  Deposed. — When  the  Earl  of  Bellomont  arrived  as  gov- 
ernor  of  the  province,  in  1688,  Mr.  Dellius  was  despatched  in  company 
with  Capt.  John  Schuyler,  to  Canada,  to  convey  the  account  of  the 
peace  of  Ryswick,  and  to  solicit  a  mutual  interchange  of  prisoners. 
The  dominie  allowed  his  Indian  agency  to  involve  him  in  serious  dif- 
ficulties. The  Assembly  of  1699  took  into  consideration  sundry  extrava- 
gant grants  of  land  which  had  been  made  by  Col.  Fletcher  to  several  of 
his  favorites.  Among  these  were  two  grants  to  Mr.  Dellius,  who  was 
accused  of  having  fraudulently  obtained  the  deeds,  according  to  which 
the  patents  had  been  granted.  One  of  these,  dated  Sept  3,  1696,  under 
the  seal  of  the  province,  was  made  by  Col.  Fletcher  for  a  tract  of  land 
"  lying  upon  the  east  side  of  the  Hudson  river,  between  the  nothermost 
bounds  of  Saraghtoga  and  the  Rock  Rossian,"  containing  about  70  miles 
in  length,  and  12  miles  broad,  subject  to  a  yearly  rent  of  one  raccoon 
gkin!  Another  grant  was  made  to  Dominie  Dellius,  William  Pinchon 
and  Evert  Banker,  dated  July  30,  1697,  for  "a  tract  on  the  Mohawk 
river,  50  miles  in  length,  and  two  miles  on  each  side  of  the  river,  as  it 
runs,"  subject  to  an  annual  rent  of  one  beaver  skin  for  the  first  seven 
years,  and  five  yearly  forever  thereafter.  On  the  12th  May,  1699,  the 
Assembly  resolved  that,  "  It  having  appeared  before  the  house  of  rep- 


96  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 

resentatives  convened  in  general  assembly,  that  Mr.  Godfrey  Dellius. 
has  been  a  principal  instrument  in  deluding  the  Maquaas  Indians,  and 
illegal  and  surreptitious  obtaining  of  said  grants,  that  he  ought  to  be 
and  is  hereby  suspended  from  the  exercises  of  his  ministerial  function 
in  the  city  and  county  of  Albany." 

Church  Records. — The  book  of  baptisms  and  marriages  commenced  by 
Mr.  Dellius  in  16S3,  and  continued  to  the  present  day,  has  been  of  great 
service  to  many,  who  from  various  motives  have  sought  to  trace  their 
ancestry,  and  to  others  who  have  resorted  to  it  for  the  purpose  of  per- 
feeling  papers  to  obtain  pensions;  but  above  all  the  heirs  of  Anneke 
Jantz  are  there  enabled  to  make  out  their  parentage,  and  get  it  estab- 
lished by  the  certificate  of  the  church  master;  which  having  obtained 
they  carefully  deposit  it  in  a  capacious  wallet,  with  as  much  satisfaction, 
apparently,  as  if  they  had  overcome  a  great  obstacle,  and  were  actually 
pocketing  'trinity  church  itself.  The  resort  to  the  books  for  the  above  and 
similar  purposes  has  been  so  great,  that  they  have  become  a  good  deal 
defaced.  In  order  to  the  entire  preservation  of  so  valuable  a  record, 
two  large  folio  volumes  have  been  procured,  into  which  all  the  names 
have  been  copied  in  a  fair  and  legible  hand.  Posterity  is  indebted  for 
this  laborious  performance  to  the  industry  of  Dr.  John  H.  Trotter,  who, 
with  the  zeal  and  perseverance  of  a  Dutch  commentator,  has  given  up 
his  leisure  hours  for  many  months,  to  the  arduous  task  of  decyphering 
and  transcribing  several  hundred  pages  of  Dutch  and  Indian  names, 
many  of  them  almost  unintelligible.  "The  baptisms  during  the  minis- 
try  of  Dom.  Dellius,  embracing  about  sixteen  years,  were  more  than 
1100.  Among  these  Indian  names  frequently  occur.  Under  the  date  of 
July  11,  1690,  are  the  following: 

Suongara  (Little  Plank),  aged  40;  baptismal  name  David. 

Kowajatense,  wife  of  the  above,  aged  30 ;  named  Rebecca. 

Tekaneadaroga  aged  22;  named  Isaac. 

Tejonihokarawe  (Open  the  Door),  aged  30;  named  Hendriek. 

Karanondo  (Uplifter},  aged  50;  named  Lydia. 

Kaadejihendara  aged  12;  named  Seth. 

Siouheja  (Lively),  named  Rachel. 

Skanjodowanne  (Eagle**  Beak),  named  Manasse. 

Sagonorasse  (Fast  Binder),  aged  12;  named  Adam. 

Karehodongwas  (ihePlucker),a%ed  16,  wife  of  Isaac;  namedEunice. 

dug.  6,  1690. — Son  of  Eunice,  aged  9  months;  named  Simon. 

Kwaorate, mother  of  Eunice,  aged  60;  named  Lea. 

Karehojenda,  ased  30,  daughter  of  Lea;  named  Alida. 

Waniho,  as:ed  40;  named  Josine.. 

Daughter  of  Josine,  ased  9;  named  Jakomine. 

Son  of  Josine,  a<?ed  7;  named  Josua. 

The  whole  number  of  baptisms  on  record  is  about  14,000.  The  first 
baptisms  under  the  successor  of  Mr.  Dellius,  who  was  Dom.  Nucella, 
bear  date  Sept.  3.  1699.  In  1701,  baptisms  seem  to  have  been  made  of 
a  considerable  number  of  persons  belonging  to  Kinderhook,  and  in  1707 
and  1708,  at  Esopus.  (Kingston).  On  ^the  23d  and  30th  April,  1710,  61 
baptisms  are  entered  by  Mr.  Gualterus  DuBois,  who  left  his  settlement 
at  New  York  the  previous  year.  la  1711,  the  following  baptisms  were 
made  by  Rev.  Petrus  Vas,  who  wag  a  settled  pastor  at  Kingston:  March 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 


97 

4th,  14;  llth,  7;  Oct.  7th,  16;  12th,  2;  14th,  8;  20th,  3.  Also  in  1712, 
by  the  same,  Feb.  10th,  15;  17th,  5.  On  the  20th  April  1712,  the  first 
entry  is  make  by  Rev.  Petrus  Van  Driessen,  of  29  baptisms. 

Early  Members  of  the  Church. — We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  S.  V.  Talcott 
for  the  following  names  of  the  members  of  the  Reformed  Protestant 
Dutch  Church  of  the  city  of  Albany,  "as  they  were  numbered  at  the 
end  of  the  year  1683,"  in  the  handwriting  of  Mr.  Dellius. 


Juriaen  Teunis,                        Gerrit  Swart, 

Areaantje    Wynandts      (his 

Ariaentje  Teunis, 

Antonia  Swart, 

wife), 

Abraham  Staats, 

Wouter  Van  Den  Uythost, 

Laurens  Van  Alen, 

Tryntje  Staats, 

Leendert  Phlipsen  (Conyn), 

Elbertje  Van  Alen, 

Willem  Teller, 

Agnietje  Leenderts  (his  wife) 

Tryntje  Rutten  (now  Rose. 

Marritje  Teller, 

Anna  Van  der  Heyden, 

boom), 

Jan  Becker, 

Arien  Van  Elpendam, 

Jan  Jans  Bleecker, 

Mari  Becker, 

Gerrit  Van  Esch, 

Grietjen    Bleecker    (da.    of 

Aarnout  Coruelis  Vilen, 

Marietje  Van  Esch, 

Van  Schoendemund), 

Gerrigje  Vilen, 

Herman  Tomes  (Hun?), 

Jan  Byvang, 

Andries  Teller, 

Catelyntje  Tomes  (his  wife). 

Belia  Byvang, 

Sephia  Teller, 

Anna  Ketel, 

Gerrit  Lansing, 

Johannes  Provoost, 

Grietje  Gouws  (she  is  dead), 

Elsje  Lansing, 

Cornelis  Van  Dyck, 

Taakel  Dircks, 

Hendrick  Lansing, 

Lysbet  Van  Dyck, 

Marritje  Taakels  (his  wife), 

Lysbet  Lansing, 

Catryn  Rutgirs, 

Wynand   Gerrits    (Van   der 

Jan  Lansing, 

Anaetje  Lives  (married  Goo- 

Poel), 

Geertje  Lansing, 

sen  GerritseuVan  Scayck, 

Tryntje  Wynands  (his  wife), 

Jan  Nack, 

July,  1657), 

Pieter  Loockerman, 

Jan  Vinhagel, 

Jochum  Staats, 

Marretje  Lookermans, 

Marretje  Vinhagel, 

Lysbet  Bancker, 

David  Schuyler, 

Geertje  Bout, 

Margeriet  Schuyler, 

Catelyntje  Schuyler, 

Willem  Bout, 

Richart  Pritti, 

Peiter  Mees  Vrooman, 

Luycas  Gerrits, 

Lysbet  Pritti, 

Folikje  Vrooman, 

Antje  Lucas, 

Annetje  Staats, 

Jacob  Mees  Vrooman, 

Isaac  Verplanck, 

Jan  Tomes, 

Lysbeth  Vrooman. 

Abigail  Verplanek  (da.   of 

Geertruyt  Tomes, 

Aalbert  Ryckman, 

Bogert), 

Jacob   Schermerhoorn    (im- 

Nelletje Ryckman, 

Johannes  Beeckman, 

migrated  J645?), 

Sybrent  Van  Sehayck, 

Machtelt  Beeckman  (da.  of 

Janetje    Schermerhorn    (da. 

Lysbet  Van   Sehayck   (now 

Jacob  J.  Schermerhorn), 

of  Cornelis  Segers), 

Corlaar), 

Nicolaas  Van  Rotterdam, 

Meindert  Hermans  (Van  Den 

Jacob  Staats, 

Lysbet  Van  Rotterdam, 

Bogert), 

Ryckje  Staats, 

Harmen  Bastiaans(Visscher) 

Helcen  Hermens  (his  wife; 

Willem  Percker, 

Hester  Bastiaans  (da.  of  . 

and    da.    of    Jacob    Jans 

Maria  Percker, 

Tierk), 

Schermerhorn), 
Evert  Wendel  the  Father, 

Robbert  Levinchston, 
Alida  Levinchston    (da.    of 

Robbert  Sanders  (Glen?), 
Eisje  Sanders  (Glen), 

Merritje  Wendels. 

Schuyler), 

Jacob  Sanders  (Glen), 

Johannes  Wendell, 
Lysbet  Wendell  (now  Schuy- 

Phlip Freest, 
Tryntje  Freest  (da.of  Kip) 

Caatje  Sanders  (now  Douw) 
Nicolaas  Rips, 

ler), 

Gerrit  Hardeuberch, 

Marie  Nicolaas  Rips, 

Hendrick  Cuyler, 

Joapje  Hardenberch, 

Jacob  Coenraats, 

Annetje  Cuyler, 
Henderick  Roosenboom. 

Abraham  Van  Tricht, 
Lysbeth  Van    Tricht    (now 

Geertje  Jacobs  (his  wife), 
Johannes  Roosenboom, 

Gysbertje  Roosemboom  (da 

Variderpoel), 

Margeriet  Roosenboom, 

of  Lansing), 

Symen  (Jacobs)  Schermer- 

Jan Cloet, 

Jan  Onderkerck, 

horn, 

Bata  Cloet  (da.  of  —  ~  Sli°h. 

Dirck  Wesselie  Ten  Brouck. 

Wilmje  Schermerhorn  (now 

tenhast), 

Styntje  Ten  Brouck  (da    of 

Winnen), 

Pieter  Davids  Schuyler, 

Cornelis  Maasen  Van  Beu- 

Johannes  de  Wandelaar, 

Alida  Schuyler  (da.  of  Sligh. 

ren?). 

Sara  de  Wandelaar  (da.  of 

tenhast). 

Marten  Krygier, 
Jannetje    Krygier     (da.    of 

Schep-Moes), 
Johannes  Van  Sandt, 

3uysbert  Marselis, 
Barbar   Marselis   (his   wife, 

Hend  ricks), 
Adriaan  Gerrits  (Papendorp); 
Jannetje  Gerrits  (his  wife), 

Margeriet  Van  Sandt, 
Melchert   Wynaudts   (Van- 
derpoel), 

da.  of  Claas  Jacobs  Groes. 
beck), 
Willera  Claes  Groesbeeek. 

9 

93 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 


GeertruytGroosbeeck  (da.  of 

Catryn  Van  der  Poel, 

Schuyler), 

Anna  Van  der  Poel, 

Johannes  Roos, 

Hendrick  Van  Esch, 

Cornelia  Roos, 

Annetje  Van  Esch, 

Jan  Gilbert, 
Cornelia  Gilbert  (da.  of  

Luycas  Pieters  (Coeyman), 
Ariaantje  Lucass  [his  wife], 

Van  den  Bergh), 

Adam  Winnen, 

Evert  Wendel  (the  son), 

Anna   Winnen    (now   Teu- 

Lysbeth Wendel  (da.  of  

nisse), 

Glen), 

Marten  Jans, 

Cornells  Scherluyn, 

Jannetje  Martens  (his  wife, 

Geertruyt  Scherluyn  (da   of 

and  da.  of  Cornelis), 

Harman  B  Visscher), 

Marritje  Quakelbosch, 

Rachel  Rettle, 

Douwe  Jelis  (died  Nov.  27, 

Jacob  Loockerrnan, 

1700), 

Tryntje  Loockerrnan, 
Caatje    Loockerman     (now 

Rebecca  Douws  (his  wife), 
Wouter  Quakelbosch, 

Ten  Brock), 
Jacob  Abrahams, 

Neeltje  Quakelbosch, 
Jan  (Pieters)  Quakelbosch, 

Catelyntje  Jacobs  (his  wife), 
Nicolaes  Van  Elslant, 

Machtelt  Quakelbosch    (da 
of  Jan  Post), 

Aaltje  Frans  (Pruyn), 

Reinier    (Pieters)     Quakel- 

Johannes Appel, 

bosch, 

Anetje  Appel, 

[,ysbit  Quackelbosch, 

Johannes  Tomes  (Mingaal), 

Folekje  Brabauders, 

Mari  Jans   (Mingall,  da.  of 

Margnet  Ketel, 

Jan  Jans  Oothoul), 

Ysbrant  Elders, 

Jacobus  Turck, 

Jan  de  Noorman  (the  elder); 

Caatje   Turck   (da.  of  Van 

Marritje      Noorman      (now 

Benthuisen), 

Carbith), 

Levinus  Van  Schayck, 

Jan  (Andries)  Douw3 

MargarietVan  Schayck, 

Catryn  Douw, 

Henderick  Bries, 

Arien  Appel, 

Marie    Bries    (now    Loker- 

Wouter  de  Rademmaecker, 

mans), 

Grieije  Wouters  (his  wife), 

Reimer  Barents, 

Gernt  Reyers, 

Bastiaan  Harmens  (Visscher) 

Anuetje  Reyers, 

Dirckje  Bastiaans  (his  wife, 

Marrelje  Van  Schayck, 

and  da.  of  Teunis  Teunisse 

Geertje  Brickers, 

de  Metsaaler), 

Marretje  Zacharias, 

Maas  Cornelis  (Van  Buren), 
Jacomyn  Maas  (his  wife), 

Robbert  Sickels, 
Cornelis  Van  der  Hoeven, 

Willem  Guysberts  (Van  den 

Melje  Van  der  Hoeven, 

Bergh), 

Merselis  Jans, 

Catryn  Willems  (his  wife), 

Annetje  Marselis  (his  wife), 

Cornelis  Guysberts  (Van  den 

Pieter  Bogardus, 

Bergh), 
Pieter  Winne, 

Wyntje    Bogardus    (da.    of 
Cornelis  Bosch), 

Tanne  Winne, 

Marten  Gerrits  (Van  Bergen) 

Levinus  Winne, 

Jannetje  Martens   (his  wife. 

Jan  Salomons  (Goewey), 
Caatje   Salomons   (his  wife. 

Nieltje  Myndert,  2d  wife)! 
Teunis  Cornelis  (Van  Vech 

and  da.  of  Lookerman) 

ten), 

Barbar  Salomons  (Goewey) 

Hester-Teunissen  (his  wife), 

Dirck  Bensing, 

Geertje  Van  der  Hoeven, 

Tytje  Bensing, 

Jurian  Coller, 

Lysbet  Herds  (now  Kaer), 
Huyberije  Jeedts, 
Pieter  Schuyler, 
Engeltje  Schuyler, 

Lysbeth  Coller, 
Andries  de  Sweed  (i.  e.,  An. 
dries  Alberts  Bratt), 
Neeltje  Andries  (da.  of  Teu- 

Arent  Schuyler, 

nis  Sway). 

Maria  Van  Renselaar, 

Tennis  Slingerlandt, 

Ciliaan  Van  Renselaar, 

Celia  Slingerlant, 

Anna  Van  Renselaar, 

Jan    Hendricks     (Van    den 

Teunis    (Cornelis)    Van    der 

Bergh), 

poel                                         Maria  Jans, 

Jan  Van  der  Hoeven, 

Jannelje  Ver  Wey, 

Sara  Ketel, 

Sela  Ketel  (now  Rachel  Van, 

der  Heyden), 
Ant  je  Cross, 
Paulyn  Jans, 

Wyntje  Paulyns  (his  wife), 
Ryck  Michiels. 
Jannetje  Paulyns. 
Anna  Pieterse  (Van  Slyck), 
Hendrick  Maes  (Van  Beu- 

ren), 

Lysbeth  Hendricks  (his  wife), 
Gerrit    Gysberts    (Van    den 

Berg), 

Teunije  Gerrits  (his  wife), 
Frerick  de  Drent, 
Jannelje   Vries    (now  Sals- 

berry), 

Hendrick  Marselis, 
Barent  Pieters  (Coeyman), 
Jacob  Salomons  (Goewey), 
Lyntje  Salomons  (his  wife), 
Geertruyt  Rinckhout, 
Mattys  Hooghteeling, 
Maria  Hooghteeling, 
Jan  Jacobs  Van  Oostrant, 
Agniet  Van  Oostrant, 
Phlip  Leenderts  (Conyn), 
Wyntje  Phlips  (his  wife,  and 

da.  of Dirks), 

Gerrit  Lamberts   (Van  Val- 

kenburgh), 
Marie  Jochems, 
Dirck  Teunis  (Van  der  Vech- 

ten), 
Janneije  Dircks  (rather  Van 

der  Vechten), 
Gerrit  Teuuis  (Van  der  Vech. 

Grielje    Gerrits      (Van     der 

Vechten\ 

Magcleleen  Quakelbosch, 
Andries  Jans  (Witbeck), 
Jan  Bronck, 
Commerlje  Bronck   (da.   of 

Lendert  Conyn). 
Melchert  Abrams  (Van  Deu. 

sen), 

Engeltje  Abrams  (his  wife), 
Hendrick    Abels      (Ridden. 

haas). 

Sephia  Abels  (now  Nak), 
Johannes  (Jans)  Oothout, 
Hendrick  (Jans)  Oothout, 
Jacobus  Jans, 
Jannetje  Jacobs  (his  wife), 
May  ken  Jacobus 
Abraham  Van  Breemen, 
Marrelje  Van  Bremen, 
Johannes  Jans  UVitbeck) 
Lysbet  Jans   (Witbeck,   da. 

of  Leendert  Conyn), 
Claes  Van  Pelten, 
Jsje  Van  Petten, 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 


99 


Cornelis  Teunis  (Van  Vech-IAalbert  (Jacobs)  Gerdenier, 

Catelyntje  Ten  Brouck, 

ten), 

Marretje  Aalberts  (his  wife), 

Martina  Bicker   (now  Hoo- 

Annetje  Cornelis  (his  wife), 

Jannetje  Lamberts  (VanVol- 

gen), 

Marten  Cornelis  (VanBeuren 

kenburgh), 

Susanna  Wendel, 

Marretje  Martens  (his  wife), 

Tarn  Kreeve, 

Benony  Van  Corlar, 

Cornelia  Martens  (now  Van 

Jannetje  Kreeve, 

Jan  Ratlife, 

Deusen), 

Aaltje  Adams, 

AntjeVanEsch  (nowRidder) 

Angeltjie   Andries    (wife   of 

Teuwis  Cool, 

Martina  Teunis, 

Andries  Jans  Witbeck  ?), 

Marretje  Teuwis  (his  wife), 

Cornelia  Ten  Broeck, 

Geertje  Gvsberts, 

Ariaantje  Hendriks, 

Susanna  Barents, 

Hendrick  Ver  Wey, 

Teuwis  Abrams, 

Sara  Sanders  (now  Greeven- 

Teunis  de  Metselaar, 

Helena  Teuwis  (his  wife), 

rood). 

Egbertje  Teunis  (his  wife), 

Samson  Sensing, 

Maria  Kateluyne  (now  Bratt) 

Wilmje  Teunis  (now  Bratt), 

Tryntje   Samsons    (his  wife 

Dyrckje  Luyckens, 

Symen  Schouten, 

a  Mathus), 

Antje  Becker, 

Cypjen  Schouten, 

Johannes  Sensing, 

Abraham  Staats,  Jr., 

Andries  Hans, 

Mattys  Hooghteeling 

Elbert  Gerrits, 

Gerretje  Andries   (his  wife. 

Nanning  Harmens  (Visscher) 

Jan  Huyberls, 

and  da.  of  Teunis  TeunisselCornlis  Stephens  (Muller), 

Johannes  Bleycker,  Jr., 

de  Metselaar), 

Jlilletje  Cornelis  (a  Looker- 

Antoni  Bries, 

Jsje  Hans, 

man  his  wife), 

Gerrit  Lansing,  Jr., 

Jacob  Van  Oostrant, 

2aasper  Leenderts  (Conyn), 

Herbert  Jacobs  (Van  Deusen) 

Mees  Hogenboom, 

Colette    Caspars      (Winnen 

Hendrick  Rosenboom,  Jr., 

Catryn  Hogenboom, 

his  wife), 

Jan  A  heel, 

Ariaantje  Hoogenboom, 

Mayken  Martens, 

Maria  Parcker, 

Antoni  Van  Schayck, 

sabella  Dellius, 

Catryn  Villeroy, 

Marietje  Van  Schayck  (da. 

Dorete  Volkens  (Douw?}, 

Sara  Hardenberch, 

of  Van  der  Poel), 

Datryntje  Volkeas  (Douw), 

Annetje  Lives, 

Roeloff  Gerrits, 

Vlaria  Schuyler   (now  Van 

Abraham  Cuyler, 

Geertruyt  Roelofs  (his  wife); 

Dyck), 

Dirck  Barents  Bratt, 

Jan  Grulters, 

Mayken  Jacobs, 

Solomon  Frederick  Booch. 

Hermen  Lievens, 

Anerigje  Jans, 

Elizabeth  Van  Gelder, 

Marrelje   Hermens  (Liever- 

?hlip  Wendell, 

Symon  Van  Esch, 

sen), 

Sastian  Harmans  (Visscher), 

Catharina  Van  Schayck, 

Jan  Van  Esch, 

Rebecca  Everts  (wife  of  

Debora  Van  Dam    (wife  of 

Aaltje  Van  Esch, 

Hanssen), 

Hendrick  Hansse), 

Barent  Bratt, 

Hester  Bricker  (now  Slinger- 

Margriet  Jurries, 

Susanna  Bratt, 

land), 

Zytje  Marselis  (wife  of  Jo. 

Geurt  Hendricks, 

Aaltje  Arents, 

seph  Jansse), 

Marrelje  Geurten  (his  wife), 

Andries  Jans, 

Est  de  Ridder, 

Andries  Carstels, 

Barentje  Jans, 

Cornelis  Martens, 

Harmen  JansKnickelbacker, 

Jonas  Volkens  (Douw), 

Jacob  Vosbergh, 

Lysbet  Harmens  (his   wife, 

Dhillian  Winne, 

Isaac  Vosberch, 

and  da.  of  Bogert), 

Thomas  Winne, 

Abraham    Jans     (Van    AU 

Wessel  Ten  Broeck, 

Barentje    Vollewever     (sur- 

styne?), 

Elsje  Ten  Broeck  (now  Cuy- 

named  Schaats, 

Lambert  Jans  (Van  Alstyne?) 

ler), 
Lambert  Van  Valkenborgh, 

Facob  Teunis  Van  Schoon- 
derwooert, 

Isaac  Jans  (Van  Alstyne?), 
Dorotche  Vosburgh, 

Alida  Vintage!    (now  Viss- 

VTargriet Van  Dam, 

Teuntje  Jans  (Van  Alstyne  ? 

cher), 
Gysje    Vanderheyden    (now 

[Jester  Harmens  (Visscher), 
Willemymtje  Nack, 

now  Winnen,) 
Manetje  Vosburgh, 

Geesje  Kip), 
Cornelia  Van  der  Heyden, 
Jan  Tysens  Hoes  (i.e.,  Goes?) 

Sara     Chyler      (now     Van  Anna  Vosburgh, 
Brugge),                                 Geertruy  Sickles, 
Maria  Sanders  Xnow  Rose-  Est  Bancker, 

Styntje  Hoes, 
Jochum  Lamberts  (Van  Val- 

boom), 
Gerritje  Costers  (now  Rose- 

Elizabeth  Bancker  (an  Abeel 
his  wife), 

kenburgh), 

boom), 

David  Christiaans, 

Eva  Jochum    (his  wife,  da. 

Alida  Everts  (nowOothout), 

Abraham  Isaacks, 

of  Vrowman), 

Paulus  Martens    Van   Ben- 

Anna  Sickels, 

Pieter  Vosburgh, 

thuysen, 

Cornelia  Van  Male, 

Jannetje  Pieters  (Vosburgh), 
Geertruyt  Vosburgh, 

Wouter  Pieters  Quake'.  bosch 
Pieter  Hendricke  De  Hass, 

Johannes  Schuyler, 
Margriet  Schuyler, 

Mara  Jacobs  (now  VanVech- 

Pieter  Tomes  Mingaal, 

Cornelia  Vroman, 

ten), 
Jan  Martens, 

Helena  Byvang, 
Rebecca  Claes  (Groesbeck? 

Lysbeth  Lansing  (now  Bratt), 
Judick  Marselis  (wife  of  Lu- 

Pirchje Jans  (his  wife), 

now  Van  Schaak), 

cas  Lucasy), 

100 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 


Andries  Hans  Huyck, 
Catryn  Andries  (a  Van  Val. 

Tester  Davids, 
iVeyntje  Fransen  (Clauw?), 

Jrietje  Takel, 
Barbar  Jans  (wife  of  Gerrit 

kenburgh  his  wife), 

Fudick  (Jans)  Van  Housen, 

Rikse), 

Cornelia  Tys  (Goes?), 

rlenderick  Van  Renssalaer, 

Elsje  Wendell  (now  Slaats), 

Geertruy  Jans  Witbeck  (now 

Foseph  Jans, 

annetje       Oothout        (Van 

wife  of  Bareut  Gerritsen), 

Jan  Fondaas, 

Schaack). 

Marretje    Hendericks    (now 

Vlarretje  Van  Petten    (now 

September  17th,  1692. 

Schermerhorn), 

Van  Allen), 

3anastasji  (Indian), 

Ariaantje  Gerrits, 

Catelyntje  Van  Petten  (now 

Jerrit  Rosenboom, 

Lyntje  Winne  (now  Witbeek] 

Van  Vechten), 

'ieter  Verbrugge, 

Lysbeth     Roseuboom    (now 

Margriet    Hans    (now  Viss- 

Stephanus  Groesbeeck. 

Van  Deusen), 

cher), 

December  23d,  1692. 

Johanna   Bratt    (now  Kete- 

Henderick  Van  Dyck, 

lenderik  (Indian). 

luyn), 

Abraham  Schuyler, 

April  13th,  1693. 

Henderikje  Van    Schoonho- 

Cornelia  Van  Olinda, 

Antoni  Coster, 

ven  (now  Poppi), 

Arieenije  Van  der  Heyden. 

Johannes  Gerrits  (Van  Vech- 

Ariaantje Van  Schoonhoven, 

On  July  llth,  1690,  the  fol- 

ten), 

Frans  Pieters  Clauw, 

lowing  Indians  : 

larten  Winnen, 

Elsje  Fransen  Clauw, 

Paulus, 

VI  elchert  Vanderpoel, 

Adam  Dingman, 

Laurens, 

Elizabeth  Kreigir, 

Geertje  Martens, 

Maria. 

Tryntje  Wendell  (now  Mil- 

Geertruy  Ten  Broeck  (now 

On  October  22d,  1091,  the 

lington,) 

Schuyler), 

following  Indians  : 

Veeltje  Schermerhorn  (now 

Anna  de  Peyster, 

David, 

Ten  Eyck), 

Annetje  Gerrits, 

Rebecca, 

Elizabeth  Ten  Brock   (now 

Eytje  Pieters, 

Lydia. 

Coster), 

Caatje  Bleycker  (now  Cuy- 

At  the  same  time  the  fol- 

Katrine Nack, 

ler), 

lowing  persons: 

Jeertruy    Van    Benthuysen 

Eva  Vinhagel    (now  Beek- 
rnan), 

Sara  Harmens  (Visscher), 
Marretje  Gerrits, 

(now  Becker), 
Maria  Van  der  Poel  (of  Neo- 

Willem  Jacobs  (Van  Deusen} 

Jannetje  Blyker, 

borum), 

James  Willet, 

Marritje  Vanhagel, 

Dornelis  (Indian), 

Maria  Wendell, 

Anna  Coster, 

Claas  Jans. 

Abraham  Kip, 

On  March  24th,  1692,  the 

October  25th,  1693. 

Henderick  Greefradt, 

following  Indians: 

Fohannes     Harmens     (Viss- 

Johannes Pruyn, 

Isak, 

cher), 

Jan  Jans  Post, 

Rachel, 

VIoeset  (Indian), 

Johannes  Bratt, 

Rebecca, 

Harta        do. 

Huybert  Gerrits, 

Eunice, 

Sara          do. 

Rut  Melcherts, 

At  the  same  time  the  fol- 

Fose         do. 

Cornelis  Gerrits, 

lowing  persons: 

April  6th,  1694. 

Anna  Sanders, 

Meindert  Schuyler, 

Dieter  Hogenboom, 

Maria  Van  Renssalaer  (now 

Jacobus  Van  Dyck, 

Fohannes  Kip, 

Schuyler), 

Johannes  Rvkman, 

Jacobus  Van  Schoonhoven, 

Jacomyntje  Vile, 

Willem  Van  Allen, 

3eertruy  Van  Schoonhoven, 

Mayken   Oothout    (wife   of 

Tammus  Noxen, 

Jecominlye  Van  Schoonho- 

Thomas Harmensen,  Jr.  ?) 

Luthers  Jans  (  Witbeck), 

ven  (now  Van  Deusen), 

Coatje   Melcherts   (Van  der 

Andries  Douw, 

Geertje  Willems, 

Poel  ?  now  Witbeck), 

Pieter  Lucas  Koeyman, 

Anna  Bogardus, 

Jannetje  Cobus, 

Debora   Staats    (now   Rose- 

Lydia  Ten  Brock, 

Rachel  Melcherts  (Van  der 

boom), 

Lysbeth  Slingerlandt, 

Poel?), 

Elsje  Rutgers  (now  Schuy- 

Christine Pruvn, 

Cornelia  Coljer, 

ler), 

Catelyntje     Schuyler     (now 

Catarine  Van  Allen  (now  Van 

Maria  Banker, 

Abeel), 

der  Poel), 

Anna  Gansevoort, 

Susanna  Wendell. 

Nelletje  Quakelbosch, 

Christina  Ten  Broek, 

Claartje  Brott, 

Francyntje  Hendericks. 

Antje  Van  der  Heyden, 

Elsje  Hans, 

Geertruy  Hoogenboom, 

Murietje  Pruyn  (wife  of  El- 

Jannelje   Swart    (now  Van 

Neeltje  Slingerlandt, 

bert  Gerretsen, 

der  Zee), 

Engletje  Lives, 

Rachel  Cuyler  (now  Schuy- 

Alida   Fondaas    (now    Van 

Geertruy  Jans, 

ler), 

Vechten), 

Margriet  Brickers, 

Tryntje  Rykman,  now  Breese 

Hester  Fondas  (wife  of  John 

Susanna  Lansing, 

Marritje    Loakermau     (no\v 

Dircksen), 

Hermen  Rutgers, 

Fonda), 

Lysbeth  Jans, 

Cornelia  Van  Vreedenburch 

Marritje  Bogardus  (now  Van 

Geertje  Quakelbosch    (now 

(now  Van  Yselsteyu), 

Vechte.n), 

Groesbeck). 

Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 


101 


July  6th,  1694. 
Gideon  (Indian), 
Alida          do. 

December  26th,  1694. 
Meellje   Van  Bergen    (now 

Douvv), 

Dirk  Van  der  Heyden, 
David  Schuyler, 
Margriet  (Indian), 
Eva  do. 

Maria  do. 

Elsje  do 

January  20th,  1695,  of  Kin- 

derhook. 
Arieentje   Barents    (wife  of 

Pieter  Martens), 
Robbert  Teuis  (VanDeusen): 
Johannes  Van  Allen. 

March  21st,  1095. 
Thomas  Harmens  (Hun?), 
Hendrick  Hans, 
Tarn  Williams. 
Agneetje  Gansevoort  (his  wif< 
Franz  Winne, 
Elsje  Gansevoort  (Winnen), 
Claas  Sivers, 
Albert  Rykmen, 
Gerrit  Ryks, 
Rachel  Winne  (of  Schenec 

tady), 

Hendrik  Pruyne, 
Tryntje    Cnrnelis    (wife    of 

Pieter  Waldroa), 
Sara  Foreest, 
Claartje  Quakelbosch  (wif< 

of  Dirk  Take!  sen), 
Annelje  Hogenboom, 
Rachel  Slingerlandt, 
Maria  Wendell, 
Dewertje  Van  Petten, 
Anna  Van  Petten   (wife  o 

Claas  Siversend,) 
Daniel  Bratt, 
Pieter  (Indian), 
Joseph     do. 
Tierk       do. 
Agniet     do. 
Lea          do. 
Susanna  do. 

December  25th,  1695. 
Cornelis  Bogardus, 
Brant  (Indian), 
Jacob      do. 

January  22d,  1696. 
Jan  Teuwis  (Van  Deusen), 
Marrietje  (Van  Deusen) 


aurens  Claas  (VanSchaick) 
atelynlje  Teuwi.s, 
innetje  Joehums  (wife  of 
Isaac  Jans). 

April  9lh,  1696. 
[yndert  Rosenboom, 
bram  Lansing, 
atrine  Staat  (now  Schayk). 
aartje  Brats  (wife  of  Rey- 
nier  Mynderts). 
nna  Glen  (now  Wendell), 
laria  Salisburry, 
[ayken   Van    Esch     (now 

Wendell), 
targreetje  Pels, 
aartje  Van  Deusen. 

June  26th,  1696 
ntoni  (Indian), 
torcas      do. 
larent      do. 
latrine     do. 

September  18th,  1696. 
ohamies  (Indian), 
Arem  do. 

April  1st,  1697. 
I  ayken  Van  Esch  (now  On 

derkerck), 
Innetje  Schaats, 
Margriet  Ryks, 
Slizbeth  Lansing  (now  Groes 

beck), 
Susanna      Wendell       (now 

Wyngaard), 
largriet      Schuyler      (no 

Livingston), 
Catrena  Van   Schayk   (no\ 

Quakkenbosch). 

December  27th,  1697. 
Sara  Van  Allen, 

January  13th,  1698. 
Guysbert  Scharp, 
Hendrik  Jans  (Witbeck), 
Sara  Jans  (Witbeck), 
Marritje  Jans  (Witbeck), 

April  21st,  1698. 
Hagar  (Indian), 
Jacomine  do. 
Luycas  Lucas  (VanHookerl 
Solomon  Cornels  (Van  Vec" 

ten), 

Hasuera  Marselis, 
Maas  Ryks, 
Harman  Rykman, 
Robbert  Levingston,  Jr., 
Margriet  Levingston, 
Margriet  Van  Trigt, 


argriet  Blyker, 

argriet  Harmens, 

atelina      Wendell       (now 

Schuyler), 

eeltje  Gerrits, 

rkje  Winne, 

ara  Marselis, 

:arrhje  Roelofs  (Kidni), 

elena  Pruyn, 

ammertje  Lokerman  (Oot- 

hout). 

inuary  8th,  1699,  from  Kiu- 
derhook. 

st  Van  Allen, 

lephenas  Van  Allen, 

[anuel  Van  Schaack, 

ysbeth  Arnoutse  Van  Eli. 
April  6lh,  1699. 

leyer  Gerrits. 

acobus  Schuyler, 

idries  Nack, 
Hendrick  Douw, 

an  Jans  Van.  Aarnen, 

Vouter  Quakelbosch  (mar- 
ried  Cornelia,  da.  of  Law- 
rence Bogert), 

ilatthyse  Nak, 

ilaria  Verplank, 

Geertje  Gerrits  (Van  den 
Bergh), 

.ysbeth  Gansevoort, 

largriet  Rykman, 

jysbeth  Viele  (from  Neobo. 
rum), 

lelena  Fonda, 

Antje  Quakelbosch, 

osina  Maas  (Van  Buren?), 

-Jillitje  Gansevoort, 

Vlaria  Quakelbosch, 

>»Ieeltje  Marinus, 

Elachel  Douw, 

Cornelia  Quakelbosch, 

Anna  Pruyn, 

Canastasji  (Indian). 

September  8th,  1699. 

Jonathan  Braadhorst. 
January  5th,  1700. 

Susanna  Wendells. 

May  8th,  1700. 

Claes  Fonda, 

Daniel  Winnen, 

Isack  Ouderkerck, 

Lysbet  Wendell, 

Mary  Ingolsbie, 

Rachel  Bogardus, 

Susanna  Trujex. 


Patent  of  Church  Pasture. — Thomas  Dongan,  Captain  Generll  and 
Governour  in  Chief  in  &.  over  ye  Province  of  New  Yorke  &  Territoryes 
Depending  thereon  in  America  under  his  most  sacred  Majesty  James 
ye  Second  by  ye  Grace  of  God  King  of  England  Scotland  France  and 
Ireland  Defender  of  ye  faith  &c  To  all  to  whom  this  presents  shall 
come  sendeth  greeting  Whereas  by  virtue  of  a  certaine  Deed  of  Bar- 
gaine  &  Sale  from  ye  Mayor  Aldermen  &  Commonalty  of  y«  citty  of  Al» 


102  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 

bany  bearing  Date  ye  first  day  of  November  in  ye  third  year  of  his  said 
Majestyus  Reigne  &.  in  ye  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  six  hundred 
f-ighty  &  Seaven  GodfriJus  Dellius  of  ye  said  Citty  Clerk  stands  seized 
in  his  owne  Right  and  to  his  own  use  of  an  Estate  of  Inheritance  in  fee 
simple  of  &  in  a  certain  Piece  or  Parcell  of  Land  commonly  called  or 
known  by  ye  JVame  of  ye  Pasture  Scituate  Lyeing  and  being  to  the  South- 
ard  of  ye  said  Citty  nere  ye  place  where  ye  old  Fort  stood  and  extended 
along  Hudsons  River  till  it  comes  over  against  ye  most  Northerly  Point 
of  ye  Island  Commonly  Called  Martin  Garritsons  Island  haveing  to 
ye  East  Hudsons  River  to  ye  South  ye  Manor  of  Rensselaerswyck  to 
ye  West  ye  highway  Leading  to  ye  towne  ye  Pasture  late  in  ye  tenure 
and  occupacon  of  Martin  Garrittse  &  ye  Pasture  late  in  ye  tenure  and 
occupacon  of  Caspr  Jacobs  to  ye  North  ye  several  pastures  late  in  ye 
tenure  &  occupacion  of  Robert  Sanders  Myndart  Harmanse  &  Evert 
Wendall  &  ye  several  Gardens  late  in  ye  tenure  &  occupacon  of  Dirick 
VVesselJs  Killian  Van  Renslaer  &  Abraham  States  together  with  all  and 
singular  ye  Profits  Commodityes  &  Apputences  whatsoever  to  the  said 
Pasture  Piece  or  Parcell  Land  &  Premissess  or  any  part  or  parcell 
thereof  belonging  or  in  any  wise  Appurtaineing  or  to  or  with  ye  same  now 
or  at  any  time  heretofore  belonging  or  used  Occupied  or  Enjoyed  as  Part 
or  Parcell  or  Member  thereof  &  whereas  ye  said  Goodfridus  Dellius  has 
made  his  request  unto  me  yt  I  would  on  ye  behalfeof  his  Majesty  grant 
&  confirm  unto  him  ye  said  Goodfridus  Dellius  his  Heirs  and  Assigns 
ye  before  mencoried  Pasture  Piece  or  Parcell  of  Land  &  Premisses  with 
ye  Appurtences  Know  yee  y*  by  virtue  of  my  Commission  &  Authority 
from  his  most  sacred  Majesty  8c  Power  in  me  being  and  Residing  in  Con- 
sideracon  of  ye  Acquit  Kent  or  Chiefe  Rent  herein  after  Reserved  and 
other  Good  &  Lawful  Consideratonsme  thereunto  moving  I  have  Given 
Granted  &  confirmed  and  by  these  presents  Do  hereby  Give  Grant  & 
Confirm  unto  ye  said  Godfridus  Dellius  his  Heirs  &  Assigns  forever 
all  yt  ye  before  Recited  Pasture  Piece  or  Parcell  of  Land  &  Premissess 
with  all  and  every  ye  Hereditaments  and  Appurtenances  to  have  and 
hold  all  yt  ye  said  Pasture  Piece  or  Parcell  of  Land  &  Premissess  with 
all  and  singular  ye  Herditaments  &  Appurtenances  to  ye  said  Godfridus 
Dellius  his  heirs  and  Assigns  forever  to  ye  only  Proper  use  and  behoofe 
of  him  ye  said  Godfridus  Dellius  his  Heirs  and  Assigns  forever  to  bee 
holden  of  his  most  sacred  Majesty  his  Heirs  and  Successors  in  free  and 
Comon  Soccage  According  to  yQ  tenure  of  East  Greenwich  in  y°  county 
of  Kent  in  his  Majestys  Realme  of  England  Yielding  Rendering  and 
Paying  therefore  Yearly  and  every  Yeare  to  his  said  Majesty  his  Heirs 
and  Successors  forever  as  a  Quitt  Rent  one  shilling  Good  and  Lawful! 
Mony  of  this  Province  att  Albany  to  be  paid  to  such  officer  or  officers 
as  from  time  to  time  shall  be  empowered  to  Receive  the  same  in  Leew 
&  Stead  of  all  Services  Dues  and  Demands  whatsoever  in  testimony 
whereof  I  have  Signed  these  Presents  with  my  hand  Writing  Caused 
ye  same  to  be  recorded  in  ye  Secretary's  Office  &  ye  Scale  of  this  his 
Majestey's  Province  to  be  hereunto  affixed  this  thirtieth  Day  of  July  in 
ye  fourth  yeare  of  his  Maties  Reigne  and  in  ye  Yeare  our  Lord  1688. 

THOMAS  DONGAN. 

May  itt  please  yor  Excy  the  Attorney  Gener*1  has  Perused  this  Grant 
&  finds  nothing  therein  contained  Prejudiciall  to  his  Majestyes  Interest 

Exxd  July  ye  30  :  1688  W.  NICOLLS, 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church.  103 

City  Records. — Among  the  records  in  the  City  Hall,  are  three  volumes 
in  Dutch,  written  generally  in  a  good  character,  embracing  about  thirty 
years  of  the  close  of  the  seventeenth  century,  in  which  are  frequent 
allusions  to  church  matters,  coming  under  the  notice  of  the  council. 
Some  of  the  city  authorities  procured  the  translation  of  these  records  a 
few  years  ago,  but  the  work  was  very  imperfectly  done,  in  an  abridged 
or  mutilated  form.  Being  unable  to  read  the  originals,  we  have  copied 
a  few  items  from  the  translated  volume. 

1676.  A  request  of  the  consistory  of  Kingston,  that  Dominie  Schaats 
might  come  over  to  administer  the  Lord's  supper  and  baptism,  which 
was  denied  because  Dominie  Schaats  was  a  settled  minister,  but  if  they 

wanted  Dominie  Rensselaer  would  agree  thereto Dominie  Van  Rens- 

selaer  preferred  a  complaint  against  Jacob  Lesler  and  Jacob  Milborne, 
for  slandering  his  orthodoxy  and  ridiculing  his  preaching  and  the  talents 
graciously  bestowed  on  him  by  the  Lord  &c.  &c.,  requests  consequently 
that  it  may  please  the  court  to  give  a  verdict  about  this  matter  as  will 
be  most  convenient  with  the  truth  and  justice,  and  also  with  the  welfare 
of  Christ  in  the  city Mandate  of  his  excellency  the  governor  gene- 
ral to  the  court  to  do  their  utmost  endeavors  to  prevent,  to  smooth 
and  to  remove  the  divers  disputes  arisen  between  the  pastors  and  some 
of  the  members  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church Reconciliation  be- 
tween Dominie  Van  Rensselaer,  Jacob  Lesler  and  Jacob  Milborne, 
also  between  Dominie  Schaats  and  some  members  of  the  consistory, 
whereby  all  the  former  disputes  and  ecclesiastical  discords  are  thrown 
in  the  fire  of  love. 

Feb.,  1677.  Proclamation  was  made  prohibiting  all  misdemeanors 
which  have  often  occurred  here  on  Shrove  Tuesday,  viz,:  riding  at  a 

goose,  cat,  hare  and  ale,  &c.,  on  a  penalty  of/25  seawan Order 

of  the  court  to  prevent  and  punish  severely  the  shameful  violation  of 
the  sabbath  especially  committed  by  the  inhabitants  of  Kinderhook,  and 
the  appointment  of  Jochem  Lambertse  deputy  sheriff  strictly  to  attend 
to  it. 

1678.  Captain  Philip  Schuyler  complains  about  it  being  refused  to 
Dominie  N.  Van  Rensselaer  by  the  consistory  to  take  his  seat  in  the 
usual  pastor's  pew  with  the  elders Resolved  and  ordered  that  Cap- 
tain Philip  have  a  suitable  seat  in  the  church,  behind  that  of  the  magis- 
trates. 

Feb.,  1679.  A.  Muir  requests  in  the  name  of  the  court  and  consistory 
of  Schenectady,  that  Dominie  Schaats  may  be  sent  four  Sundays  in  one 
year  to  administer  the  Lord's  supper  to  said  place  and  community, 
which  request  is  granted  in  so  far  that  Dominie  Schaats  is  allowed  to 
go  four  times  in  one  year  to  administer  the  holy  sacraments,  but  not  on 
a  Sunday,  whereas  it  would  be  unjust  to  let  the  community  be  here 

without  preaching Appeared  before  the  court  Dominie  Schaats,  the 

e^-'er  and  two  deacons,  who  voluntarily  offer  to  take  to  their  charge  the 
rebuilding  of  the  dominie's  house,  to  be  in  future  a  suitable  dwelling  for 

the  pn^tor,  requesting  a  deed  of  conveyance No  person  may  sell 

any  footer  victuals  during  the  time  of  service  on  the  Lord's  day,  but 

after  the  sermon Proclamation  by  which  is  expressly  cautioned 

against  the  violating  of  the  Lord's  day  as  by  deplorable  experience  was 
found  that  a  great  deal  of  the  inhabitants  were  committing Sum- 
moned before  the  court  on  request  of  Dominie  G.  Schaats  and  the  con- 
sistory of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  Ida  Barents,  to  be  inquired 


104  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 

about  the  slanderous  manner  in  which  some  of  the  members  of  the  Lu- 
theran church,  and  especially  a  certain  Engeltye,  the  wife  of  Solomon 
Volktie,  should  have  expressed  herself  in  the  presence  of  said  Ida 
Barents,  on  account  of  the  church  and  consistory.  Appeared  before  the 
court  Engeltje,  to  whom  the  accusation  was  read,  whereupon  she  prayed 
and  received  pardon,  on  condition  of  better  behavior  in  future. 

1631.  Petition  of  the  consistory  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  com- 
munity, according  to  the  repealed  and  earnest  solicitation  of  Dominie 
Schaats,  that  it  would  please  the  court  to  do  their  utmost  endeavors  to 
obtain  them  a  good  orthodox  pastor  for  their  church,  which  is  favorably 
answered  by  the  court,  and  resolved  in  consequence  to  summon  several 
of  the  principal  citizens,  in  order  to  know  their  opinion  of  the  matter. . . . 
May.  Whereas,  Captain  Anthony  Brockholst  has  been  pleased  to  give 
his  approbation  for  the  obtainance  of  a  new  pastor  for  the  Reformed 
Dutch  Church.  It  is  resolved  by  the  court  to  collect  a  sum  of  money  of 

the  community  to  defray  the  expenses  of  his  passage  hither Letter 

of  Captain  Brockholst  about  the  sending  of  Aneke,  the  daughter  of 
Dominie  Schaats  with  her  children  to  New  York  to  her  husband  Thps. 
D.  Kikebel,  and  order  of  the  court  to  said  Aneke  to  depart  thither  with 

the  first  opportunity June.     Appointment  of  two  elders  and  two 

deacons  to  collect  the  contributions  of  the  members  of  the  community 

for  the  new  appointed  pastor Resolved  that  there  shall  be  written 

to  the  classis  of  Amsterdam  for  the  sending  of  a  good  orthodox  pastor 
for  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  of  Albany,  who  will  enjoy  a  yearly 
salary  of  /800  in  beaver,  and  the  contribution  in  behalf  of  his  passage 
thither,  amounts  to  the  sum  of /648  beaver,  which  is  deposited  with 
Messrs.  J.  H.  Van  Baal,  Richard  Van  Rensselaer  and  Abel  De  Wolff, 

to  be  used  for  said  purpose Dec.     The  sheriff,  ex  officio,  claims  of 

Jan  Van  Loon  /SOU  seawan,  for  a  fine  having  greatly  upbraided  and 
injured  Martin  Cornells,  who  had  changed  the  Roman  Catholic  religion 
for  the  Protestant,  and  calumniated  the  Protestant  church  itself  by  say- 
ins:  among  other  things  to  Marten,  that  he  had  turned  from  God  to  the 
devil,  on  which  several  witnesses  were  examined. 

May,  1632.     Resolution  about  making  a  new  gallery  in  the  north  side 
of  the  church,  by  means  of  contribution  on  the  community.     Contract 

with  an  architect  to  build  another  gallery  in  the  church List  of 

twenty  four  persons  who  are  entitled  because  of  their  contributions  to 
seats  on  the  new  made  gallery  in  the  church,  as  follows:  Peter  Schuyler 
Philipse,  Arent  Schuyler,  Philip  Schuyler,  Jr.,  Johannes  Schuyler,  Mar- 
tin Geiritsen,  Johannes  Wendell,  Johannes  Cuyler,  Joachim  Staats, 
Levinus  Van  Schayck,  Sybrant  Van  Schayck,  Jacob  Lokermans,  Robert 
Livingston,  Albert  Rykman,  Martin  Cornelise,  Claes  Van  Petton,  Dirk 
Wessells,  Cornells  Teunise,  Johannes  Janse,  Myndert  Harmense,  Jan 
Stoffolse  Abeel,  Anthony  Van  Schayck,  Jacob  Janse  Flodder,  Arnout 

Cornelise  Viele,  Evert  Banker Consented  that  Robert  Livingston 

may  occupy  for  himself  and  his  posterity,  a  seat  on  the  new  gallery,  as 

a  reward  for  his  trouble  in  getting  contributions Resolution  of  the 

court  to  write  to  the  commissaries  of  Schenectady,  to  get  information 
whether  it  was  true  that  the  sabbath  could  be  so  dreadfully  violated 
there  by  some  Frenchmen,  and  that  such  should  rather  be  nourished 
than  hindered  by  the  officer,  L.  Cobes. 

Aug  ,  1633.     Citation  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  to  inquire  how 
much  of  them  would  please  to  contribute  for  the  salary  of  the  Holland 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church.  105 

arrived  pastor,  Dominie  Godefrideus  Dellius.  List  of  the  subscribers 
amounts  to  /1200  beaver,  or  350  pistareens.  Determination  about 
the  just  beginning  of  the  ministerial  year  of  Dominie  Dellius,  and  some 
dispositions  in  the  notarial  contract  made  at  Amsterdam,  the  20th  July, 
1682,  especially  on  account  of  the  increase  of  his  yearly  salary,  in  case 
of  the  death  of  Dominie  Schaats.  Information  given  by  Dominie  Del- 
lius of  his  being  willing  to  perform  the  notarial  contract  of  his  duties 

but  will  be  pleased  in  being  paid  with  Dutch  money Disposition  on 

account  of  the  yearly  salary  of  Dominie  Dellius,  being  finally  fixed  at 
the  sum  of  f9QO  Dutch  money,  and  also  a  determination  ot  Dominie 

Dellius  to  preach  to  the  community  of  Schenectady  once  a  month 

Resolution  of  the  court  to  write  a  letter  of  thanksgiving  to  the  classis 
of  Amsterdam,  on  account  of  their  paternal  care  in  sending  of  the  reve- 
rend, godly  and  deep  learned  Dominie  Godefredius  Dellius,  and  also  to 
write  a  letter  of  thanks  to  Richard  Van  Rensselaer  and  Abel  de  Wolff, 
for  their  exertions Nov.  Nomination  of  four  members  of  the  Re- 
formed Dutch  Church  delivered  to  the  court,  to  elect  two  of  ihem  to  be 
church  wardens. 

Jlct  of  Incorporation. — George  by  the  Grace  of  God  King  of  Great 
Britain,  France  and  Ireland,  defender  of  the  faith,  Sec.,  to  all  to  whom 
these  presents  shall  come  or  may  concern,  sendelh  greeting :  Whereas  our 
loving  subjects  the  Rev.  Petrus  Van  Driessen,  Johannes  Cuyler,  Johan- 
nes Rooseboom,  Henrych  Van  Rensselaer,  William  Jacobse  Van  Deu- 
sen,  Rutgert  Bleecker,  Volkert  Van  Veghten,  Myndert  Rooseboom  and 
Dirck  Tienbroock,  the  present  ministers,  elders  and  deacons  of  the  Re- 
formed Protestant  Dutch  Church  in  the  city  of  Albany,  in  our  province 
of  New  York,  by  their  humble  petition  presented  to  our  trusty  and  well 
beloved  Colonel  Peter  Schuyler,  president  of  our  council  for  our  pro- 
vince of  New  York,  in  council  have  set  forth  that  the  inhabitants  of 
Albany,  descended  of  Dutch  ancestors,  have  from  the  first  settlement  of 
this  province  by  Christians,  hitherto  held,  used  and  enjoyed  the  free 
and  undisturbed  exercise  of  their  religion  and  worship  in  the  Dutch 
language,  after  the  manner  of  the  established  Reformed  Protestant  re- 
ligion in  Holland,  according  to  the  common  rules,  institutions  and  church 
government  of  the  national  synod  of  Dort,  in  Holland,  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord  Christ  one  thousand  six  hundred  and  eighteen,  and  one  thousand 
six  hundred  and  nineteen.  And  that  the  said  minister,  elders  and  dea- 
cons, and  their  ancestors  and  predecessors,  at  their  own  charge  and 
expense,  erected,  built  and  hitherto  maintained  a  church  within  the  city 
of  Albany  aforesaid,  and  have  dedicated  the  same  to  the  service  and 
worship  of  Almighty  God,  situate,  lying  and  being  in  the  high  street 
commonly  called  Yonkers  street,  nigh  the  bridge  in  the  city  of  Albany, 
containing  in  length  on  the  south  side  thereof  seven  rod,  three  foot  four 
inches;  on  ihe  north  sideseven  rod,  three  footone  inch,  Ryland  measure, 
and  in  breadth  on  the  east  and  west  ends,  sixty-one  foot  and  five  inches, 
wood  measure.  And  are  now  notonly  quietly  and  peaceably  seized  and 
possessed  of  their  said  church,  but  are  likewise  seized  of  sundry  other 
demesnes  to  and  for  their  sole  and  only  proper  use  and  behoof  of  their 
said  church  and  congregation,  that  is  to  say.  one  certain  messuage  or 
tenement  and  lot  of  ground  in  the  aforesaid  city  of  Albany  commonly 
called  the  Dutch  minister's  house,  situate,  lying  and  being  in  the 


i06  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 

Brewer's  street,  on  the  east  side  thereof,  in  the  third  ward  of  the  said 
city,  being  in  front  from  the  southward  to  the  northward  five  rod  ten 
inches,  and  behind  toward  Hudson's  river,  six  rod  fifteen  inches,  Ryland 
measure,  and  in  length  from  the  said  street  to  the  city  stockadoes,  bound- 
ed on  the  south  side  by  Jan  Solomons,  and  on  the  north  side  by  that 
of  the  late  Hans  Hendrycks  and  the  widow  of  David  Schuyler.  Also 
one  other  certain  messuage  or  tenement  and  lot  of  ground,  situate,  lying 
and  being  in  the  city  aforesaid  commonly  called  poor  house  or  alms 
house,  in  the  first  ward  of  the  said  city,  bounded  on  the  south  by  the 
high  street  that  leads  to  the  burying  place  to  the  north  of  Rutten  kill, 
and  to  the  east  of  Harman  Rutgers,  and  to  the  west  by  the  lot  of  Garryt 
Bancker,  containing  in  breadth  towards  the  street  that  leads  to  the  Lu' 
theran  church  by  the  said  Rutten  kill,  six  rod  one  foot  and  the  like  breadth 
in  the  rear,  and  in  length  on  the  east  side,  eight  rod  and  two  inches,  all 
Ryland  measure.  Also  that  certain  parcel  of  land  commonly  called  and 
known  by  the  name  of  the  pasture,  situate,  lying,  and  being  to  the  south- 
ward of  the  city  of  Albany,  near  the  place  where  the  old  fort  stood,  ex- 
tending along  Hudson's  river,  till  it  comes  over  against  the  most  north- 
erly point  of  the  island  commonly  called  Marten  Gerrytsen's  island, 
having  to  the  east  Hudson's  river,  to  the  south  the  manor  of  Rensselaers- 
wyck,  to  the  west  the  highway  that  leads  to  the  city  aforesaid,  the  pas- 
tures now  or  late  in  the  tenure  and  occupation  of  Martin  Gerrytsen,  and 
the  pasture  now  or  late  in  the  tenure  or  occupation  of  Casper  Jacobs,  to 
the  north  the  several  pastures  late  in  the  tenure  and  occupation  of  Robert 
Saunders,  Myndert  Harmans  and  Evert  Wendell,  and  the  several  gardens 
late  in  the  occupation  of  Dirck  Wessells,  Killian  Van  Rensselaer  and  Abra- 
ham Staats,  together  with  the  old  highway  from  Beaver  kill  to  the  end  of 
Schermerhorn's  pasture,  adjoining  to  the  same  on  the  west  side  thereof. 
Also  that  certain  parcel  of  pasture  land  situate,  lying,  and  being  to  the 
southward  of  the  said  city,  and  to  the  westward  of  the  before  mentioned 
pasture,  near  and  about  the  limits  of  the  said  city  on  the  manor  of 
Rensselaerswyck,  containing  in  breadth  along  the  wagon  way,  six  and 
twenty  rod,  and  in  lensth  towards  the  woods,  eight  and  twenty  rod,  and 
in  breadth  towards  the  woods  twenty  five  rod.  And  also  all  that 
certain  garden  lot  of  ground  situate,  lying,  and  being  in  the  great  pas- 
ture, containing  in  the  breadth  six  rod  and  five  foot,  and  in  length  eight 
rod  and  two  foot,  and  stretching  backwards  with  another  small  lot  of  three 
rod  and  two  foot  in  length,  and  in  breadth  one  rod  and  two  foot  Ryland 
measure;  praying  that  they  may  by  charter  or  patent  under  the  great 
seal  of  the  province  of  New  York,  be  incorporated  and  made  one  body 
politic  in  fact  and  name,  and  thai  they  and  their  successors  forever  here- 
after, may  not  only  be  enabled  to  use,  exercise  and  enjoy  their  aforesaid 
privileges,  and  the  free  use  and  exercise  of  their  said  religion  and  wor- 
ship in  manner  aforesaid,  by  the  name  and  style  of  the  ministers,  elders 
and  deacons  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church,  in  the  city  of 
Albany,  with  such  other  liberties  and  privileges  as  have  been  formerly 
granted  to  other  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  churches  within  the  pro- 
vince of  New  York,  with  variations,  additions  and  commissions,  as  long 
usage  and  experience  has  taught  them  to  be  most  agreeable  to  their  well 
being  and  circumstances,  but  also  the  grant  and  confirmation  of  all  those 
their  said  inheritances  and  demesns,  to  hold  to  them,  the  said  minister, 
elders  and  deacons  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  in  the  city 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church.  107 

of  Albany,  and  to  their  successors  and  assigns  for  ever.  We  being 
willing  to  encourage  and  promote  the  said  pious  intentions  and  the  free 
use  and  exercise  of  their  said  reformed  protestant  religion,  to  the 
same  congregation  and  their  successors  for  ever,  in  the  said  city  of 
Albany,  know  ye,  that  of  our  especial  grace,  certain  knowledge,  and 
meer  motion,  we  have  given,  granted,  ratified,  and  confirmed,  and  do  by 
these  presents  for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors  for  ever,  give,  grant, 
ratify  and  confirm  unto  all  the  inhabitants  of  Albany,  so  as  aforesaid 
descended  of  Dutch  ancestors,  and  professing  I  he  said  reformed  protest- 
ant  religion,  and  to  their  successors  for  ever,  the  free  use  and  exercise 
of  their  worship,  doctrine,  discipline  and  church  government,  according 
to  the  canons,  rules,  institutions  and  directions  of  the  Reformed  Pro- 
testant Dutch  Church  in  Holland,  instituted  and  approved  by  the  National 
Synod  of  Dort,  and  that  no  person  nor  persons  whatsoever  in  communion 
of  the  said  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  in  Albany  aforesaid,  or 
at  any  time  or  times  hereafter,  shall  be  molested,  disquieted,  or  disturbed 
in  the  free  use  and  exercise  of  their  said  religion  and  worship,  they 
behaving  themselves  peaceably, and  not  abusing  this  liberty  to  licentious- 
ness, profaneness,  and  the  civil  injury  or  outward  disturbance  of  the 
National  Church  of  England,  as  by  law  established,  or  other  reformed 
protestant  churches  in  the  aforesaid  city  of  Albany.  And  to  the  end 
the  same  liberties  and  privileges  be  hereafter  for  ever  supported,  main- 
tained, and  continued  to  them  and  their  successors  for  ever,  we  of  our 
especial  grace,  certain  knowledge  and  meer  motion,  do  likewise  will  and 
grant  for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors  for  ever,  unto  the  same  Pelrus  Van 
Driessen,  the  present  minister  of  the  same  congregation  at  Albany, 
Johannes  Roseboom,  Henryck  Van  Renssalaer,  and  William  Jacobse 
Van  Deusen,  the  present  elders  of  the  same  church,  and  unto  Rutgeit 
Bleecker,  Volkert  Van  Veghten,  Myndert  Roseboom,  and  Dirk  Tien- 
broock,  the  present  deacons  of  the  same  church,  and  the  inhabitants  of 
Albany  communicants  of  the  said  church,  that  they  be  as  they  are 
hereby  created  and  made  one  body  corporate  and  politick  in  fact  and 
name,  by  the  name  of  the  minister,  elders  and  deacons  of  the  Reformed 
Protestant  Dutch  Church  in  the  city  of  Albany,  and  that  they  and  their 
successors  for  ever,  shall  and  may  by  that  name  have  perpetual  suc- 
cession, and  be  able  and  capable  in  the  law  to  sue  and  be  sued, 
plead  and  be  impleaded,  answer  and  be  answered  unto,  defend  and  be 
defended,  in  all  and  singular  suits,  quarrels,  controversies,  differences, 
strifes,  matters  and  things  whatsoever,  and  in  all  courts  whatsoever, 
either  in  law  or  equity,  of  what  kind  sover,  as  also  by  the  same  name, 
to  have,  hold,  take,  receive,  be  seized  of,  possess  and  enjoy  to  them 
and  their  successors  forever  their  said  church,  parsonage  or  minister's 
dwelling-house,  alms-house,  and  other  their  demesnes  or  inheritances, 
by  fee  simple,  before  mentioned,  and  such  other  demesnes  or  inherit- 
ances to  purchase  and  acquire  to  them  and  their  successors  and  assigns 
for  ever,  and  by  the  same  name,  the  same  lands,  hereditaments  and  ap- 
purtenances, or  any  part  of  them  (excepting  only  the  same  church); 
to  alienate,  bargain,  sell,  grant,  demise,  sell  and  to  farm-let  to  any  other 
person,  or  persons,  body  corporate  and  politic,  whatsoever  at  their  will 
and  pleasure,  in  fee  simple  for  life,  or  Jives,  or  for  term  of  years,  as  to 
them  shall  seein  most  convenient  and  profitable,  as  any  other  person  or 
persons,  body  corporate  or  politic,  may  or  can  do,  not  exceeding  the 


108  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 

yearly  value  of  three  hundred  pounds  over  and  above  what  they  now 
stand  seized  and  possessed,  or  for  the  common  use  and  benefit  of  the 
same  Dutch  Church  and  of  all  the  members  of  the  same  congregation. 
And  we  do  further  will  and  grant  that  the  minister,  elders  and  deacons 
of  ihe  same  church,  for  the  time  being,  for  ever  hereafter,  be  the  con- 
sistory of  the  same  church,  and  shall  and  may  have,  keep  and  use  a 
common  seal  to  serve  for  all  grants,  matters  and  things,  whatsoever  be- 
longing to  the  same  corporation,  with  such  device  or  contrivance  thereon 
as  they  or  their  successors  for  ever  shall  think  fit  to  appoint,  with  full  power 
to  break,  new  make  and  alter  the  same  at  their  will  and  discretion  ;  and 
the  same  consistory  shall  have  and  enjoy  the  like  powers  and  privileges 
as  a  Dutch  consistory  in  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  in  Hol- 
land do,  or  may  or  ought  to  use  and  enjoy.  And  we  do  will  and  grant 
that  the  same  Pefrus  Van  Driessen  be  the  first  minister  of  the  said 
church  at  the  time  of  this  our  grant,  and  the  same  Johannes  Cuyler, 
Johannes  Roseboom,  Henryck  Van  Rensselaer  and  William  Jacobse 
Van  Deusen,  be  the  first  elders  of  the  said  church  at  the  time  of  this 
our  grant ;  and  that  the  same  Rutgert  Bleecker,  Volkert  Van  Veghten, 
Mynderi  Roseboom  and  Dirk  Tienbroock,  be  the  first  deacons  of  the 
said  church  at  the  time  of  this  our  grant,  to  all  intents  and  purposes; 
and  that  the  said  ministers,  together  with  the  said  four  elders  and  four 
deacons,  or  the  minister,  elders  and  deacons  for  the  time  being,  and  the 
major  numbers  of  them  whereof  the  minister  for  the  time  being  always 
to  be  one — be  the  consistory  of  the  said  church,  and  have  and  shall  have 
full  power  and  authority,  at  all  time  and  times  for  ever  hereafter,  to  act 
in  all  their  church  affairs  and  business,  by  majority  of  voices,  in  as  full 
and  ample  manner  as  if  the  minister  and  all  the  said  four  elders  and 
four  deacons  were  personally  present  and  did  actually  and  severally 
give  their  votes.  But  in  case  of  the  death,  absence  or  removal  of  their 
said  minister,  then,  and  in  any  of  these  cases,  the  elders  and  deacons  of 
the  same  church,  for  the  lime  being,  or  the  major  number  of  them,  whereof 
the  first  elder  in  nomination  we  will  always  to  be  one,  and  shall  preside, 
shall  have,  use  and  exercise  all  the  power  and  authorities  of  a  consis- 
tory to  all  intents  and  purposes,  and  shall  manage  and  order  the  church 
afiairs  in  as  full  and  ample  manner  as  if  their  said  minister  were  alive, 
present  and  consenting  thereunto,  any  thing  in  these  presents  to  the 
contrary  thereof  in  any  wise  notwithstanding.  And  we  will  and 
grant  that  the  same  elders  and  deacons  continue  in  their  respective  offi- 
ces until  the  next  anniversary  election.  And  the  said  elders  and  their 
successors,  for  ever  hereafter,  have  and  shall  have  the  full  power  and 
authority  of  receiving  and  paying  the  moneys  given  for  the  maintenance 
of  the  minister  or  ministry  of  the  same  church,  whether  the  same  arise 
by  legacy,  donation  or  voluntary  contributions  or  collection  from  the  in- 
habitants or  members  of  the  same  congregation,  and  are  to  keep  exact 
and  true  accounts  to  the  consistory,  when  thereunto  by  them  required 
And  that  the  said  deacons  and  their  successors  for  ever  hereafter,  have 
and  shall  have  the  sole  power  and  authority  of  receiving  and  paying 
all  the  moneys  collected  and  offered  at  the  administration  of  the  Holy 
Sacrament  of  our  Lord's  Supper,  and  in  church  in  the  times  of  divine 
icrvice  of  preaching,  for  the  maintenance  of  the  poor,  and  are  to  Keep 
and  render  exact  and  true  accounts  thereof  to  the  consistory  aforesaid, 
when  thereunto  bv  them  rpnm'red.  which  election  of  the  same  elders 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church.  109 

and  deacons  of  the  same  church  is  to  be  at  Albany  on  every  second  Sa- 
turday of  December,  annually,  forever,  by  majority  of  voices,  of  the 
consistory,  in  the  manner  following  :  That  is  to  say,  on  each  second 
Saturday  of  December,  annually  for  ever  at  Albany,  shall  be  chosen 
two  new  elders  and  two  new  deacons,  who,  together  with  the  two  elders 
and  two  deacons  last  in  nomination  in  this  our  charter,  shall  serve  for 
the  year  ensuing  in  their  respective  offices,  and  for  ever  thereafter,  the 
two  new  ones  shall  be  chosen  and  added  to  the  younger  two  elders  and 
deacons  of  the  preceding  year,  so  always  as  to  preserve  the  number 
of  four  elders  and  four  deacons  of  the  said  church.  And  moreover  we  do 
will  and  grant  unto  the  said  minister,  elders  and  deacons  of  the  Reformed 
Protestant  Dutch  Church,  in  the  city  of  Albany,  and  to  their  successors 
for  ever,  that  on  the  second  Saturday  of  December  next,  and  on  every 
second  Saturday  of  December  annually  forever  herealter  at  Albany, 
shall  be  elected  and  chosen  four  discreet  persons  by  the  majority  of 
voices  of  the  consistory  aforesaid,  to  be  kirkmasters  of  the  said  church, 
whose  office  and  charge  is  and  shall  be  to  bui-d  and  repair  the  same 
church  and  cemetery,  parsonage,  alms-house,  and  all  other  the  he- 
reditaments and  appurtenances  to  the  said  church  belonging,  and  to 
have  the  ordering  and  direction  of  the  pews  and  seats  in  the  said  church, 
and  the  breaking  of  the  ground  in  the  cemetery  for  burying  of  the  dead, 
and  shall  have  and  receive  all  the  rents  and  revenues  of  the  said 
church,  coming  therefrom  or  from  any  other  of  the  said  church's  inheri- 
tances ;  also,  the  payments  of  all  sum  and  sums  of  money  laid  out  and 
expended,  or  to  be  laid  out  and  expended,  in  such  necessary  build- 
ings and  reparations  of  all  which  the  said  kirkmasters  are  likewise 
to  keep  and  surrender  exact  and  true  accounts  to  the  said  consis- 
tory aforesaid,  two  of  which  four  kirkmaslers  last  nominated,  at  the 
next  election  shall  continue  in  the  same  office  for  two  years  and  two 
new  ones  yearly  for  ever  hereafter,  to  be  elected  and  chosen  to 
serve  with  the  two  predecessors  in  like  manner  as  with  the  elders 
and  deacons  aforesaid  and  not  otherwise.  And  it  is  our  will  and 
desire  that  the  two  elders,  two  deacons  and  Iwo  kirkmasters,  who  shall 
be  superseded  by  a  new  annual  election  of  two  others  to  succeed  in  their 
respective  places,  shall  account  and  deliver  up  their  several  respective 
charges  and  moneys  to  their  successors  respectively,  if  any  thereof  be 
in  their  hands  and  possession,  respectively  in  public  manner.  And  we 
do  likewise  will  and  grant  that  the  said  kirkmasters  shall  be  under  the 
direction  of  the  said  consistory  for  the  time  beins.  And  in  case  there 
shall  not  be  enough  in  the  hands  either  of  the  elders,  deacons  or  kirk- 
masters, for  the  performing  and  finishing  of  any  of  their  respective 
charges  and  trust  of  their  particular  respective  funds  before  mentioned, 
which  they  be  hereby  respectively  impowered  to  receive  and  manage, 
that  then  it  shall  and  may  le  lawful  to  and  for  the  consistory  aforesaid, 
to  order  and  direct  the  lending  of  what  sum  shall  be  necessary  out  of 
any  of  the  aforesaid  funds  towards  deficiency  of  any  other  of  the  said 
funds,  so  that  there  be  no  failure  of  any  of  the  same  three  several  charges 
or  trusts  upon  any  unforseen  contingency  or  emergency.  And  we  do 
likewise  will  and  grant  lhat  in  all  elections  of  officers  or  other  acts  or 
orders  of  the  consistory  the  minister  or  president  of  the  consistory  shall 
have  but  one  vote.  And  if  it  shall  happen  there  be  an  equal  division  of 
the  voices  or  votes,  so  that  the  matter,  or  thing  in  dispute  cannot  receive 

10 


110  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 

the  determination  of  a  majority  of  voices,  that  then  it  shall  and  may 
be  lawful  to  determine  the  same  by  lot.  leaving  it  to  the  sole  wisdom  of 
God  to  determine  the  same  as  he  shall  think  fit.  And  we  do  likewise 
will  and  grant  that  it  shall  be  in  fhe  power  of  the  minister  of  the  said 
church,  for  the  time  being,  by  himself  or  in  case  of  his  death,  absence  or 
removal,  in  the  president  or  firsi  elder  who  shall  preside  for  the  time  being, 
or  in  the  power  of  the  major  number  of  the  whole  consistory  for  the 
lime  being,  to  call  a  meeting  of  the  consistory  for  the  good  and  service 
of  the  said  church,  and  the  affairs  of  the  said  corporation,  whensoever 
they  shall  see  meet  within  the  said  ciiy  of  Albany  ;  and  in  case  it  shall 
please  God  that  any  of  the  said  elders,  deacons  or  kirkmasters,  for  the 
lime  being,  shall  happen  to  die,  remove,  or  otherwise  be  disabled  from 
serving  and  officiating  in  their  respective  offices,  within  the  year  for 
which  they  are  so  chosen  or  appointed  to  serve  ;  we  do  will  and  grant 
that  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  to  the  consistory,  for  the  time  being,  to 
assemble  and  meet  together  at  Albany,  at  any  other  time  of  the  year 
than  the  lime  of  anniversary  election,  and  so  often  as  there  shall  be  oc- 
casion to  elect  and  choose  other  elders,  deacons  and  kirkmasters  in  their 
respective  rooms  and  stead,  to  officiate  for  the  remaining  part  of  the 
year  until  the  next  anniversary  election  ;  which  person  or  persons  so 
chosen  as  aforesaid  into  any  of  the  aforesaid  offices  of  elders,  deacons 
or  kirkmaster,  shall  have  like  power  and  authority  to  act  in  their  re- 
spective  offices  as  if  they  had  been  elected  and  c»  atirmed  at  the  afore- 
said time  of  the  anniversary  election  aforesaid,  or  as  if  the  same  per- 
sons so  dying,  being  absent  or  otherwise  disabled,  were  alive,  present 
and  capable  to  do  the  same ;  and  we  do  will  and  grant  unto  the  said 
minister,  elders  and  deacons  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church 
in  the  city  of  Albany,  and  to  their  successors  for  ever,  the  advowson 
and  patronage  of  the  said  church;  (that  is  to  say  )  lhat  after  the  decease 
of  the  aforesaid  Petrus  Van  Driessen,  or  next  and  all  other  avoidances 
thereof,  lhat  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  to  and  for  the  elders  and  dea- 
cons of  the  aforesaid  church  or  Ihe  consistory  of  the  aforesaid  church 
and  Iheir  successors  for  ever,  to  presenl  and  call  another  minister  to 
succeed  in  th?  ture  of  souls  in  the  aforesaid  church  and  congregation  of 
the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  in  the  city  of  Albany,  provided 
always  such  minister,  so  called  or  presented  by  them  to  the  said  living, 
be  always  a  person  amenable  to  the  laws  of  Great  Britain  and  this  Pro- 
vince, and  pay  due  obedience  and  allegiance  unto  us  and  our  royal  heirs 
and  successors,  the  kings  and  queens  of  Great  Britain.  And  thai  il 
shall  and  may  be  lawful  to  and  for  the  presenl  minister  or  incumbent 
of  Ihe  said  church  and  his  successors,  or  any  of  them  lo  have,  lake,  receive 
and  keep  for  his  end  and  Iheir  own  use  and  support,  thai  maintenance 
that  now  is  or  shall  be  agreed  upon  between  him  or  them  and  Ihe  said 
consislory  from  time  to  time,  and  at  all  times  hereafter.  And  il  shall 
and  may  be  lawful  lo  and  for  the  said  elders  of  the  same  church,  and 
Iheir  successors  for  ever,  lo  collect  and  receive  the  voluntary  subscrip- 
lions  of  Ihe  inhabilanls  of  Albany,  belonging  lo  Ihe  said  congregation, 
for  and  towards  the  paymenl  of  Iheir  said  minisler,  or  Iheir  minister  for 
the  lime  being,  and  to  pay  and  cause  to  be  paid  unto  the  said  minister 
and  his  successor,  the  minister  of  the  said  church,  for  the  time  being, 
his  yearly  stipend  or  salary,  according  to  agreement,  by  quarterly  even 
payments  thereof,  or  otherwise,  as  it  shall  be  agreed  upon  by  and  be- 
tween Ihem,  Ihe  said  minisler  of  ihe  said  church  and  Ihe  aforesaid  con- 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church.  Ill 

sistory.  And  we  do  will  and  grant  that  the  said  deacons  of  the  said 
church,  and  their  successors  for  ever,  shall  and  may  lawfully  and  peace- 
ably,  from  time  to  time,  and  at  all  times  hereafter,  at  the  meeting  of 
the  said  congregation  for  the  public  service  and  worship  of  Almighty 
God,  to  collect  and  receive  the  free  and  voluntary  alms  and  oblations  of 
the  members  of  the  said  congregation,  and  the  free  and  voluntary  offer- 
ings made  by  the  communicants  at  their  receiving  of  the  holy  sacrament 
of  the  Lord's  Supper  for  the  uses  aforesaid,  and  to  dispose  thereof  for 
the  pious  and  charitable  uses  aforesaid.  And  we  do  will  and  grant  that 
the  kirkmasters  aforesaid,  and  their  successors  for  ever,  shall  and  may 
from  time  to  time,  and  at  all  times  hereafter,  and  so  often  as  it  shall  be 
necessary,  shall  and  may  demise,  grant,  and  to  farm  let,  of  the  demesnes 
of  the  said  church,  demisable  and  grantable  to  nnd  for  the  profit  and 
advantage  of  the  said  church,  and  receive  and  collect  the  rents  and  reve- 
nues arising  therefrom,  or  otherwise,  and  apply  the  same  for  and 
towards  the  buildings  and  reparations  of  the  said  church  and  parsonnge, 
and  other  the  hereditaments  belonging  to  the  said  minister,  elders  and 
deacons  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  in  the  city  of  Albany, 
and  such  other  uses  as  are  proper  and  necessary,  provided  always  that 
the  said  elders,  deacons  and  kirkmasters  in  their  separate  offi:es,  be 
always  accountable  to  and  under  the  direction  of  the  consistory  of  the 
said  church  for  the  time  being,  and  not  otherwise.  And  we  do  further 
will  and  grant  that  it  shall  and  may  be  in  the  power  of  the  consistory 
of  the  said  church,  and  their  successors  for  ever,  if  they  shall  agree 
thereupon,  ?.nd  find  themselves  able  and  capable  of  mantaining  him  at 
any  time  or  times  hereafter,  to  nominate  and  call  one  or  more  able  and 
sufficient  minister,  lawfully  ordained  according  to  the  constitution  afore- 
said, in  all  things  to  assist  and  officiate  in  the  ministry  which  doth 
belong  to  the  sacred  office  and  function  of  a  minister  of  the  gospel  in 
the  said  church,  provided  always  that  there  be  no  preheminency  or  su- 
periority in  that  office,  and  not  otherwise.  And  we  do  likewise  will  and 
grant  to  the  said  minister,  elders,  and  deacons  of  the  Reformed  Pro- 
testant Dutch  Church  in  the  city  of  Albany,  and  their  successors  for 
ever,  that  it  shall  and  may  be  lawfull  to  and  for  the  consistory  of  the 
said  church,  to  nominate  and  appoint  a  clerk  or  precentor,  schoolmaster, 
sexton,  bellringer,  and  such  and  so  many  other  officers  and  servants  of 
the  same  church,  as  they  shall  think  convenient  and  necessary,  and  to 
call  them  by  the  same  or  what  other  names  they  shall  think  fit.  And 
vye  do  will  and  grant  that  it  shall  and  may  be  lawfull  to  and  for  the  con- 
sistory of  the  said  church,  and  their  successors  from  time  to  lime,  and 
at  all  times  hereafter,  to  make  rules,  orders,  and  ordinances  for  the 
better  discipline  and  goveinment  of  the  said  church,  provided  always 
that  such  rules,  orders,  and  ordinances  shall  not  be  binding,  nor  effect 
any  other  of  our  reformed  protestant  subjects  within  the  same  city,  than 
the  voluntary  members  of  their  said  congregation,  and  be  no  ways  re- 
pugnant to  our  laws  of  Great  Britain  and  of  this  colony,  but  agreeable 
to  the  articles  of  faith  and  worship  agreed  upon  rnd  instituted  by  the 
National  Synod  at  Dort,  aforesaid.  And  further  of  our  especial  grace, 
certain  knowledge  and  meer  motion,  we  have  given,  granted,  ratified, 
and  confirmed  unto  the  aforesaid  minister,  elders,  and  deacons  of  the 
Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church,  in  the  city  of  Albany,  and  to  their 


112  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 

successors  and  assigns  for  ever,  all  that  their  said  church  and  ground 
whereon  it  standeth,  their  said  parsonage  or  minister's  dwelling  house, 
with  its  herditaments  and  appurtenances  thereunto  belonging  or  any 
ways  appertaining,  and  all  the  alms  house  or  poor  house  aforesaid,  all 
that  the  pasture  or  pastures,  and  all  other  the  premises  aforesaid,  to- 
gether with  all  and  singular  edifices,  buildings,  gardens,  orchards,  back- 
sides, wells,  ways,  hollows,  cellars,  passages,  privileges,  liberties,  profits, 
advantages,  hereditaments,  and  appurtenances  whatsoever,  to  all  and 
every  of  them  belonging,  or  in  any  ways  appertaining.  And  all  that 
our  estate,  right,  title,  interest,  properly  and  demand  of,  into  or  out  of 
the  same  or  any  part  of  any  of  them,  and  the  revertions,  remainders, 
and  the  yearly  rents  and  profits  of  the  same,  saving  only  the  right  and 
title  of  any  other  person  or  persons,  body  corporate  and  politick  what- 
soever, to  any  of  the  premises  hereby  granted,  or  meant,  mentioned, 
and  intended  to  be  hereby  granted,  or  to  any  of  them,  to  have  and  to 
hold,  all  that  their  said  church  and  ground  parsonage  or  minister's  dwell- 
ing house,  alms  house  or  poor  house,  pasture  or  pastures,  and  all  and 
singular  other  the  premises  with  their  and  every  of  their  heridiatnients 
and  appurtenances  unto  the  aforesaid  minister,  elders  and  deacons  of  the 
Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church,  in  the  city  of  Albany,  their  succes- 
sors and  assigns  for  ever,  to  the  sole  and  only  proper  use,  benefit  and 
behoof  of  the  aforesaid  minister,  elders  and  deacons  of  the  Reformed 
Protestant  Dutch  Church,  in  the  city  of  Albany,  and  their  successors 
and  assigns  for  ever,  (save  only  as  before  is  saved  and  expressed)  to  be 
holden  of  us,  our  heirs  and  successors  for  ever,  free  and  common  soccage 
as  of  our  manor  of  East  Greenwich,  in  the  county  of  Kent,  within  our 
realm  of  Great  Britain,  yielding,  rendering  and  paying  therefore, 
yearly  and  every  year,  for  ever  unto  us,  our  heirs  and  successors  for 
ever,  at  our  custom  house  in  New  York,  unto  our  and  their  receiver 
general  for  the  time  being,  on  the  feast  day  of  the  Annunciation  of  the 
Blessed  Virgin  Mary,  commonly  called  Lady  Day,  the  annual  rent  of 
one  pepper  corn,  if  the  same  be  lawfully  demanded,  in  lieu  and  stead  of 
all  other  rents,  services,  dues  and  duties  and  demands  whatsoever,  for 
the  same  church  parsonage, alms  house,  pastures,  and  all  other  the  above 
granted  premises,  with  the  heriditaments  and  appurtenances.  And  we 
do  hereby  will  and  grant  unto  the  aforesaid  minister,  elders,  and  dea- 
cons of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church,  in  the  city  of  Albany, 
and  to  their  successors  for  ever,  that  these  our  letters  shall  be  made 
patent,  and  that  they  and  the  record  of  them  remaining  in  our  secretary's 
office  of  our  province  of  New  York,  shall  be  good  and  effectual  in  the 
law  to  all  intents  and  purposes  whatsoever,  according  to  the  true  intent 
and  meaning  of  them,  and  shall  be  construed,  reputed,  esteemed  and 
adjudged  in  all  cases  most  favorable  for  the  benefit  and  behoof  of  the 
aforesaid  minister,  elders  and  deacons  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch 
Church  in  the  city  of  Albany  and  of  their  successors  forever,  notwith- 
standing the  not  true  and  well  reciting  of  the  premises,  or  of  the  limits 
and  bounds  of  any  of  them,  or  any  part  of  them,  any  law  or  other 
restraint,  incertainty  or  imperfection  whatsoever  to  the  contrary  thereof 
in  any  way  notwithstanding.  In  testimony  whereof  we  have  caused 
the  great  seal  of  our  province  of  New  York  to  be  affixed  to  these  pre- 
sents, and  the  same  to  be  entered  of  record  in  one  of  the  books  of  pa- 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church.  113 

tents  in  our  said  secretary's  office  remaining.  Witness  our  said  trusty 
and  well  beloved  Colonel  Peter  Schuyler,  president  of  our  council  at 
Fort  George,  the  10th  day  of  August,  in  the  7th  year  of  our  reign,  anno 
domini  1720. 

John  Henry  Lydius. — The  council  of  the  province  in  1747,  brought 
serious  charges  against  John  Henry  Lydius,  son  of  the  dominie,  alleging 
that  he  was  a  person  of  desperate  fortunes;  that  he  had  resided  several 
years  in  Canada,  married  a  woman  there  of  the  Romish  church,  after 
having  abjured  the  protestant  religion,  and  that  his  intrigues,  together 
with  other  popish  emissaries,  had  tended  to  alienate  the  friendship  of 
the  Indians  and  perplex  the  administration. 

Rev.  Mr.  Frelinghuysen. — A  regiment  came  to  town  about  this  time, 
the  superior  officers  of  which  were  younger,  more  gay,  and  less  amen- 
able to  good  counsel  than  those  who  used  to  command  the  troops,  which 
had  formerly  been  placed  on  this  station.  They  paid  their  visits  at  the 
Flats,*  and  were  received;  but  not  as  usual,  cordially;  neither  their 
manners  nor  morals  being  calculated  for  that  meridian.  Part  of  the 
Royal  Americans,  or  independent  companies,  had  at  this  time  possession 
of  the  fort;  some  of  these  had  families:  and  they  were  in  general  per- 
sons of  decent  morals,  and  a  moderate  and  judicious  way  of  thinking, 
who,  though  they  did  not  court  the  society  of  the  natives,  expressed  no 
contempt  for  their  manners  or  opinions.  The  regiment  I  speak  of,  on 
the  contrary  turned  those  plain  burghers  into  the  highest  ridicule,  yet 
used  every  artifice  to  get  acquainted  with  them.  They  wished  in  short 
to  act  the  part  of  very  fine  gentlemen;  and  the  gay  and  superficial  in 
those  days  were  but  too  apt  to  take  for  their  model  the  fine  gentleman 
of  the  detestable  old  comedies.  These  dangerously  accomplished  heroes 
made  their  appearance  at  a  time  when  the  English  language  began  to 
be  more  generally  understood  ;  and  when  the  pretensions  of  the  mer- 
chants, commissaries,  &c.,  to  the  stations  they  occupied  were  no  longer 
dubious.  Those  polished  strangers  now  began  to  make  a  part  of  gene- 
ral society.  At  this  crisis  it  was  that  it  was  found  necessary  to  have 
recourse  to  billets.  The  superior  officers  had  generally  been  either  re- 
ceived at  the  Flats,  or  accommodated  in  a  large  house  which  the  colonel 
had  in  town.  The  manner  in  which  the  hospitality  of  that  family  was 
exercised,  the  selection  which  they  made  of  such  as  were  fitted  to  asso- 
ciate with  the  young  persons  who  dwelt  under  their  protection,  always 
gave  a  kind  of  tone  to  society,  and  held  out  a  light  to  others. 

MadameSchuyler's  sister  was  married  to  the  respectable  and  intelligent 
magistrate, f  who  administered  justice  not  only  to  the  town,  but  to  the 
whole  neighborhood.  In  their  house,  slso,  such  of  the  military  were 

'  The  residence  of  the  Schuylers. 

t  Cornelius  Cuvlcr,  mayor  of  Albany,  who  had  been  a  most  successful  Indian  trader 
in  his  youth,  and  had  acquired  large  possessions,  and  carried  on  an  extensive  commer- 
cial intprcourae  with  the  traders  of  that  dav,  brineing  from  Kurope  quantities  of  those 
goods  that  best  suited  them,  and  pending  back  their  peltry  in  exchange ;  he  was  not  only 
wealthy,  but  hospitable,  intelligent,  and  liberal  minded,  as  appeared  by  his  attachment 
to  the  army;  which  was,  in  those  days,  the  distinguishing  feature  of  those  who  in  know- 
ledge and  candor  were  beyond  others.  [It  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  tho  list  of  mayors 
of  Albany,  pnge  "23,  that  the  authoress  has  committed  a  mistake  in  the  name  of  this  per- 
son, Mrs.  Grant  returned  to  England  in  1768,  when  but  13  years  of  age,  and  there  was 
no  mayor  of  the  name  during  her  residence  in  America.] 


114  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 

received  and  entertained,  as  had  the  sanction  of  her  sister's  approbation. 
This  judicious  and  equitable  person,  who  in  the  course  of  trading  in 
early  life  upon  the  lakes,  had  undergone  many  of  the  hardships,  and 
even  dangers,  which  awaited  the  military  in  that  perilous  path  of  duty, 
knew  well  what  they  had  to  encounter  in  the  defence  of  a  surly  and 
self-righted  race,  who  were  little  inclined  to  show  them  common  indul- 
gence; far  less  gratitude.  He  judged  equitably  between  both  parties; 
and  while  with  the  most  patriotic  steadiness  he  resisted  every  attempt 
of  the  military  to  seize  any  thing  with  a  high  hand,  he  set  the  example 
himself,  and  used  every  art  of  persuasion  to  induce  his  countrymen  to 
every  concession  that  could  conduce  to  the  ease  and  comfort  of  their 
protectors.  So  far  at  length  he  succeeded,  that  when  the  regiment  to 
which  I  allude  arrived  in  town,  and  showed  in  general  an  amiable  and 
obliginsr  disposition,  they  were  quartered  in  different  houses;  the  supe- 
rior officers  being  lodged  willingly  by  the  most  respectable  of  the  in- 
habitants, such  as  not  having  large  families,  had  room  to  accommodate 
them.  The  ColonpJ  and  Madame  happened,  at  the  time  of  these  ar- 
rangements, to  be  at  New  York. 

In  the  meanwhile  society  began  to  assume  a  new  aspect;  of  the  satel- 
lites, which  on  various  pretexts,  official  and  commercial,  had  followed 
the  army;  several  had  families,  and  those  began  to  mingle  more  fre- 
quently with  the  inhabitants,  who  were  as  yet  loo  simple  to  delect  the 
surreptitious  tone  of  lax  morals  and  second-handed  manners,  which  pre- 
vailed among  many  of  those  who  had  but  very  lately  climbed  up  to  the 
stations  they  held,  and  in  whose  houses  the  European  modes  and  diver- 
sions were  to  be  met  with;  these  were  not  in  the  best  style,  yet  even  in 
that  style  they  began  to  be  relished  by  some  young  persons,  with  whom 
the  power  of  novelty  prevailed  over  that  of  habit;  and  in  a  few  rare  in- 
stances, the  influence  of  the  young  drew  the  old  into  a  faint  consent  to 
these  attempted  innovations;  but  with  many  the  resistance  was  not  to 
be  overcome. 

In  this  state  of  matters,  one  guardian  genius  watched  over  the  com- 
munity with  unremitting  vigi'ance.  From  the  original  settlement  of 
the  place  there  had  been  a  succession  of  good  quiet  clergymen,  who 
came  from  Holland  to  take  the  command  of  this  expatriated  colony. 
These  good  men  found  an  easy  charge,  among  a  people  with  whom  the 
external  duties  of  religion  were  settled  habits,  which  no  one  thought  of 
dispensing  with;  and  where  the  primitive  state  of  manners,  and  the  con- 
stant occupation  of  the  mind  in  planting  and  defending  a  territory  where 
every  thing  was,  as  it,  were,  to  be  new  created,  was  a  preservation  to 
the  morals.  Reliaion  being  never  branded  with  tho  reproach  of  imputed 
hypocrisy,  or  darkened  by  the  frown  of  austere  bigotry,  was  venerated 
even  by  those  who  were  content  to  glide  thoughtless  down  the  stream 
of  time,  without  seriously  considering  whither  it  was  conveying  them, 
till  sorrow  or  sickness  reminded  them  of  the  great  purpose  for  which 
they  were  indulged  with  the  privilege  of  existence. 

The  dominies,  as  these  people  called  their  ministers,  contented  them- 
selves with  preaching  in  a  sober  and  moderate  strain  to  the  people;  and 
living  quietly  in  the  retirement  of  their  families,  were  little  heard  of 
but  in  the  pulpit;  and  they  seemed  to  consider  a  studious  privacy  as 
one  of  their  chief  duties.  Dominie  Frelinghuysen,  however,  was  not 
contented  with  this  quietude,  which  he  seemed  to  consider  as  tending  to 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church.  115 

languish  into  indifference.  Ardent  in  his  disposition,  eloquent  in  his 
preaching,  animated  and  zealous  in  his  conversation,  and  frank  and 
popular  in  his  manners,  he  thought  it  his  duty  to  awaken  in  every  breast 
that  slumbering  spirit  of  devotion,  which  he  considered  as  lulled  by  se- 
curity, or  drooping  in  the  meridian  of  prosperity,  like  tender  plants  in 
the  blaze  of  sunshine.  These  he  endeavoured  to  refresh  by  daily  ex- 
hortation, as  well  as  by  the  exercise  of  his  public  duties.  Though  rigid 
in  some  of  his  notions,  his  life  was  spotless,  and  his  concern  for  his 
people  warm  and  affectionate;  his  endeavors  to  amend  and  inspire 
them  with  happier  desires  and  alms,  were  considered  as  the  labor  of 
love,  and  rewarded  by  the  warmest  affection,  and  the  most  profound 
veneration  ;  and  what  to  him  was  of  much  more  value,  by  a  growing  soli- 
citude for  the  attainment  of  that  higher  order  of  excellence  which  it  was 
his  delight  to  point  out  to  them.  But  while  he  thus  incessantly  "al- 
lured to  brighter  worlds,  and  led  the  way,"  he  might  perhaps  insensibly 
have  acquired  a  taste  of  dominion,  which  might  make  him  unwilling  to 
part  with  any  portion  of  that  most  desirable  species  of  power,  which 
subjects  to  us,  not  human  actions  only,  but  the  will  which  directs  them. 

The  progress  which  this  regiment  made  in  the  good  graces  of  his 
flock,  and  the  gradual  assimilation  to  English  manners  of  a  very  inferior 
standard,  alarmed  and  grieved  the  good  man  not  a  little;  and  the  intel- 
ligence he  received  from  some  of  the  elders  of  his  church,  who  had  the 
honor  of  lodging  the  more  dissipated  subalterns,  clid  not  administer 
much  comfort  to  him.  By  this  time  the  Anglomania  was  beginning  to 
spread.  A  sect  arose  among  the  young  people,  who  seemed  resolved  to 
assume  a  lighter  style  of  dress  and  manners,  and  to  borrow  their  taste 
in  those  respects  from  their  new  friends.  This  bade  fair  soon  to  undo 
all  the  good  pastor's  labors.  The  evil  was  daily  growing ;  and  what, 
alas, could  DomineFrelinghuysen  do  but  preach.1  This  he  did  earnestly, 
and  even  angrily,  but  in  vain.  Many  were  exasperated  but  none  re- 
claimed. The  good  dominie,  however,  had  those  who  shared  his  sor- 
rows and  resentments;  the  elder  and  wiser  heads  of  families,  indeed  a 
great  majority  of  the  primitive  inhabitants,  were  stedfast  against  inno- 
vation. The  colonel  of  the  rigiment,  who  was  a  man  of  fashion  and 
family, and  possessed  talents  for  both  good  and  evil  purposes,  was  young 
and  gay  :  and  being  lodged  in  the  house  of  a  very  wealthy  citizen,  who 
had  before,  in  some  degree,  affected  the  newer  modes  of  living,  so  cap- 
tivated him  with  his  good  breeding  and  affability,  that  he  was  ready  to 
humour  any  scheme  of  diversion  which  the  colonel  and  his  associates 
proposed.  Under  the  auspicies  of  this  gallant  commander,  balls  began 
to  be  concprted,  and  a  degree  of  flutter  and  frivolity  to  take  place,  which 
was  as  far  from  elegance  as  it  was  from  the  honest,  artless  cheerfulness 
of  the  meetings  usual  among  them.  The  good  dominie  more  and  more 
alarmed,  not  content  with  preaching,  now  began  to  prophesy:  but  like 
Cassandra,  or  to  speak  as  justly,  though  less  poetically,  like  his  whole 
fraternity,  was  doomed  always  "to  deliver  true  predictions  to  those  who 
never  heeded  them. 

Now  the  very  ultimatum  of  degeneracy,  in  the  opinion  of  these  simple 
good  people,  was  approachiog;  for  now  the  officers,  encouraged  by  the 
success  of  all  their  former  projects  for  amusement,  resolved  to  new 
fashion  and  enlighten  those  amiable  novices  whom  their  former  schemes 
bad  attracted  within  the  sphere  of  their  influence;  and  fpr  this  purpose, 


116  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 

a  private  theatre  was  fitted  up,  and  preparations  made  for  acting  a  play; 
except  the  Schuylers  and  their  adopted  family,  there  was  not  perhaps 
one  of  the  natives  who  understood  what  was  meant  by  a  play.  And  by 
this  time,  the  town,  once  so  closely  united  by  intermarriages  and  num- 
berless other  ties,  which  could  not  exist  in  any  other  state  of  society, 
were  divided  into  two  factions;  one  consisting  almost  entirely  of  such  of 
the  younger  class,  as  having  a  smattering  of  New  York  education,  and 
a  little  more  of  dress  and  vivacity,  or  perhaps  levity,  than  the  rest,  were 
eager  to  mingle  in  the  society,  and  adopt  the  manner  of  those  strangers. 
It  is  but  just,  however,  to  add,  that  only  a  few  of  the  more  estimable 
were  included  in  this  number;  these,  however,  they  might  have  been 
captivated  wilh  novelty  and  plausibility,  were  too  much  attached  to 
their  older  relations  to  give  them  pain,  by  an  intimacy  with  people  to 
whom  an  impious  neglect  of  duties  the  most  sacred  was  generally  im- 
puled,  and  whose  manner  of  treating  their  inferiors,  at  that  distance 
from  the  control  of  higher  powers,  was  often  such  as  to  justify  the  im- 
putation of  cruelty,  which  the  severity  of  military  punishments  had 
given  rise  to.  The  play,  however,  was  acted  in  a  barn,  and  pretty  well 
attended,  notwithstanding  the  good  dominie's  earnest  charges  to  the  con- 
trary. It  was  the  Beaux  Stratagem;  no  favorable  specimen  of  the  deli- 
cacy or  morality  of  the  British  theatre;  and  as  for  the  wit  it  contains, 
very  little  of  that  was  level  to  the  comprehension  of  the  novices  who 
were  there  first  initiated  into  a  knowledge  of  the  magic  of  the  scene, 
yet  they  "  laughed  consumedly,"  as  Scrub  says,  and  actually  did  so, 
"  because  they  were  talking  of  him."  They  laughed  at  Scrub's  gestures 
and  appearance,  and  they  laughed  very  heartily  at  seeing  the  gay  young 
ensigns,  whom  they  had  been  used  to  dance  with,  flirting  fans,  display- 
ing great  hoops,  and  with  painted  cheeks  and  colored  eye-brows,  sailing 
about  in  female  habiliments.  This  was  a  jest  palpable  and  level  to 
every  understanding;  and  it  was  not  only  an  excellent  good  one,  but 
lasted  a  long  while;  for  every  time  they  looked  at  them  when  restored 
to  their  own  habits,  they  laughed  anew  at  the  recollection  of  their  late 
masquerade. 

The  fame  of  these  exhibitions  went  abroad,  and  opinions  were  formed 
of  them  no  way  favorable  to  the  actors  or  to  the  audience.  In  this  re- 
gion of  reality,  where  rigid  truth  was  always  undisguised,  they  had  not 
learned  to  distinguish  between  fiction  and  falsehood.  It  was  said  that 
the  officers  familiar  with  every  vice  and  every  disguise,  had  not  only 
spent  a  whole  night  in  telling  lies  in  a  counterfeited  place,  the  reality  of 
which  had  never  existed,  but  that  they  were  themselves  a  lie,  and  had 
degraded  manhood,  and  broke  through  an  express  prohibition  in  scrip- 
ture, by  assuming  female  habits;  that  they  had  not  only  told  lies,  but 
cursed  and  swore  the  whole  nisht,and  assumed  the  character  of  knaves, 
fools,  and  robbers,  which  every  good  and  wise  man  held  in  detestation, 
and  no  one  would  put  on  unless  they  felt  themselves  easy  in  them. 
Painting  their  faces,  of  all  other  things,  seemed  most  to  violate  the  Al- 
banian ideas  of  decorum,  and  was  looked  upon  as  the  most  flasrant 
abomination.  Great  and  loud  was  the  outcry  produced  by  it.  Little 
skilled  in  sophistry,  and  strangers  to  all  the  arts  u  that  make  the  worse 
appear  the  better  reason,"  the  young  auditors  could  only  say  "that  in- 
deed it  was  very  amusing;  made  them  laugh  heartily,  and  did  harm  to 
nobody, ?)  §Q  harmless,  indeed,  and  agreeable  did  this  entertainment 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church.  117 

ippear  to  the  new  converts  of  fashion,  that  the  Recruiting  Officer  was 
jiven  out  for  another  night,  to  the  great  annoyance  of  Mr.  Frelinghuy- 
sen,  who  invoked  heaven  and  earth  to  witness  and  avenge  this  contempt, 
not  only  of  his  authority,  but,  as  he  expressed  it,  of  the  source  from 
whence  it  was  derived.  Such  had  been  the  sanctity  of  this  good  man's 
life,  and  the  laborious  diligence  and  awful  earnestness  with  which  he 
inculcate  1  the  doctrines  he  taught,  that  they  had  produced  a  corres- 
pondent effect,  for  the  most  part,  on  the  lives  of  his  hearers,  and  led 
them  to  regard  him  as  the  next  thing  to  an  evangelist;  accustomed  to 
success  in  all  his  undertakings,  and  to  "  honor,  love,  obedience,  troops 
of  friends,"  and  all  that  gratitude  and  veneration  can  offer  to  its  most 
distinguished  object,  this  rebellion  against  his  authority  and  contempt 
of  his  opinion,  (once  the  standard  by  which  every  one's  judgment  was 
regulated),  wounded  him  very  deeply.  The  abhorrence  with  which  he 
inspired  the  parents  of  the  transgressors,  among  whom  were  many 
young  men  of  spirit  and  intelligence,  was  the  occasion  of  some  family 
disagreements,  a  thing  formerly  scarcely  known.  Those  young  people, 
accustomed  to  regard  their  parents  with  implicit  reverence,  were  un- 
willing to  impute  to  them  unqualified  harshness,  and  therefore  removed 
the  blame  of  a  conduct  so  unusual  to  their  spiritual  guide;  "  and  while 
he  thought,  good  easy  man,  full  surely  his  greatness  was  a  ripening, 
nipt  his  root."  Early  one  Monday  morning,  after  the  dominie  had,  on 
the  preceding  day,  been  peculiarly  eloquent  on  the  subject  of  theatrical 
amusements,  and  pernicious  innovations,  some  unknown  person  left 
within  his  door  a  club,  a  pair  of  old  shoes,  a  crust  of  black  bread,  and 
a  dollar.  The  worthy  pastor  was  puzzled  to  think  what  this  could 
mean;  but  had  it  too  soon  explained  to  him.  It  was  an  emblematic 
message,  to  signify  the  desire  entertained  of  his  departure.  The  stick 
was  to  push  him  away,  the  shoes  to  wear  on  the  road,  and  the  bread 
and  money  a  provision  for  his  journey.  Too  conscious,  and  too  fond  of 
popularity,  the  pastor  languished  under  a  sense  of  imaginary  degrada- 
tion, grew  jealous,  and  thought  every  one  alienated  from  him,  because 
a  few  giddy  young  people  were  stimulated  by  momentary  resentments 
to  express  disapprobation  in  this  vague  and  dubious  manner.  Thus, 
insensibly,  do  vanity  and  self-opinion  mingle  with  our  highest  duties. 
Hai  the  dominie,  satisfied  with  the  testimony  of  a  good  conscience,  gone 
on  in  the  exercise  of  his  duty,  and  been  above  allowing  little  personal 
resentments  to  mingle  with  his  zeal  for  what  he  thought  right,  he  might 
have  felt  himself  far  above  an  insult  of  this  kind;  but  he  found  to  his 
cost,  that  "a  habitation  giddy  and  unsure  hath  he  that  buildeth  on  the 
fickle  heart"  of  the  unsteady,  wavering  multitude. 

Madame  now  returned  to  town  with  the  Colonel;  and  finding  this 
general  disorder  and  division  of  sentiments  with  regard  to  the  pastor,  as 
well  as  to  the  adoption  of  new  modes,  endeavored,  with  her  usual  good 
sense,  to  moderate  and  heal.  She  was  always  of  opinion  that  the  in- 
crease of  wealth  should  be  accompanied  with  a  proportionate  progress 
in  refinement  and  intelligence;  but  she  had  a  particular  dislike  to  peo- 
ple's forsaking  a  respectable  plainness  of  dre^s  and  manners  for  mere 
imperfect  imitation  and  inelegant  finery.  Liberal  and  judicious  in  her 
views,  she  did  not  altogether  approve  the  austerity  of  the  dominie's 
opinions,  nor  the  vehemence  of  his  language;  and  as  a  Christian,  she 
still  less  approved  his  dejection  and  concern  at  the  neglect  or  rudeness 


118  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 

of  a  few  thoughtless  young  persons.  In  vain  the  Colonel  and  Madame 
soothed  and  cheered  him  with  counsel  and  kindness;  night  and  day  he- 
mused  on  the  imagined  insult;  nor  could  the  joint  efforts  of  the  most 
respectable  inhabitants  prevent  his  heart  from  being  corroded  with  the 
sense  of  imagined  unkindness.  At  length  he  took  the  resolution  of 
leaving  those  people  so  dear  to  him,  to  visit  his  friends  in  Holland,  pro- 
mising to  return  in  a  short  time,  whenever  his  health  was  restored,  and 
his  spirits  more  composed  A  Dutch  ship  happened  about  this  time  to 
touch  at  New  York,  on  board  of  which  the  dominie  embarked  ;  but  as 
the  vessel  belonging  to  Holland  was  not  expected  to  return,  and  he  did 
not,  as  he  had  promised,  either  write  or  return  in  an  English  ship,  his 
congregation  remained  for  a  great  while  unsupplied,  while  his  silence 
gave  room  for  the  most  anxious  and  painful  conjectures;  these  were  not 
soon  removed,  for  the  intercourse  with  Holland  was  not  frequent  or 
direct.  At  length,  however,  the  sad  reality  was  but  too  well  ascertained. 
This  victim  of  lost  popularity  had  appeared  silent  and  melancholy  to 
his  shipmates,  and  walked  constantly  on  deck.  At  length  he  suddenly 
disappeared,  leaving  it  doubtful  whether  he  had  fallen  overboard  by 
accident,  or  was  prompted  by  despair  to  plunge  into  eternity.  If  this 
latter  was  the  case,  it  must  have  been  the  consequence  of  a  temporary 
fit  of  insanity;  for  no  man  had  led  a  more  spotless  life,  and  no  man  was 
more  beloved  by  all  that  were  intimately  known  to  him.  He  was,  in- 
deed, before  the  fatal  affront,  which  made  such  an  undue  impression  on 
him,  considered  as  a  blessing  to  the  place ;  and  his  memory  was  so  be- 
loved, and  his  fate  so  regretted,  that  this,  in  addition  to  some  other  re- 
currences falling  out  about  the  same  time,  entirely  turned  the  tide  of 
opinion,  and  rendered  the  thinking  as  well  as  the  violent  party,  more 
averse  to  innovations  than  ever.  Had  the  Albanians  been  Catholics, 
they  would  probably  have  canonized  Mr.  Frelinghuysen,  whom  they 
considered  as  a  martyr  to  levity  and  innovation.  He  prophesied  a  great 
deal;  such  prophecy  as  ardent  and  comprehensive  minds  have  delivered, 
without  any  other  inspiration  but  that  of  the  sound,  strong  intellect, 
which  augurs  the  future  from  a  3omparison  with  the  past,  and  a  rational 
deduction  of  probable  consequences.  The  affection  that  was  entertained 
for  his  memory,  induced  people  to  listen  to  the  most  romantic  stories  of 
his  being  landed  on  an  island  and  become  a  hermit;  taken  up  into  a 
ship  when  floating  on  the  sea,  into  which  he  had  accidentally  fallen,  and 
carried  to  some  remote  country,  from  which  he  was  expected  to  return, 
fraught  with  experience  and  faith.  I  remember  some  of  my  earliest  re- 
veries to  have  been  occupied  by  the  mysterious  disappearance  of  this 
hard-fated  prstor — Mrs.  Grant's  American  Lady,  p.  170,  d  seq. 

A  rumor,  not  well  authenticated,  was  common  among  the  people,  that 
he  embarked,  on  his  return,  in  the  same  vessel  with  the  person  appoint- 
ed  to  supersede  him.  and  when  made  acquainted  with  the  fact,  very  soon 
disappeared,  and  was  supposed  to  have  thrown  himself  into  the  sea. 

Rev.  Eilardus  Westerlo.—This  divine  was  born  in  the  province  of 
Groeninsen,  Holland,  in  1738,  and  received  a  thorough  university  edu- 
cation. It  was  still  a  custom  with  the  American  churches  to  send  to 
Holland  for  ministers  to  supply  their  pulpits  ;  and  in  answer  to  the  re- 
quisition of  the  church  at  Albany  for  a  pastor,  Mr.  Westerlo,  who  was 
then  at  the  University  of  Groeningen,  was  induced  to  accept  the  call, 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church.  119 

He  arrived  here  in  1760,  and  entered  upon  the  pastoral  charge  in  Octo- 
ber of  that  year,  having  been  previously  installed  in  Holland.  He 
proved  to  be  a  man  of  great  powers  of  mind,  extensive  erudition,  and 
became  one  of  the  most  eminent  ministers  of  the  Dutch  church  in  Ame- 
rica. He  possessed  caution  and  prudence,  and  great  dignity  o/  manners, 
yet  was  affable  and  courteous  to  all.  His  pastoral  duties  were  discharged 
with  exemplary  fidelity  over  a  field  unusually  extensive.  He  took  a 
conspicuous  part  in  severing  the  church  from  its  dependence  upon  the 
mother  country,  and  its  r  organization  upon  the  present  plan.  During 
the  war  of  the  American  revolution,  he  took  strong  grounds  in  the  cause 
of  the  people,  and  at  a  most  critical  time,  when  Burgoyne  was  advanc- 
ing on  the  city  from  the  north,  he  animated  and  inspired  the  people  by 
having  his  church  open  every  day  for  the  purpose  of  prayer  and  address. 
He  died  on  the  26th  of  December,  1790,  at  a  time  of  Hie  when  age  tad 
scarcely  begun  1o  impair  his  frame,  and  was  buried  in  the  family  vault 
of  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer,  his  funeral  obsequies  being  attended  by  a 
large  concourse  from  the  city  and  neighborhood.  Amid  the  arduous 
cares  of  his  ministry,  he  found  time  to  prepare  a  Hebrew  and  a  Greek 
Lexicon,  in  2  vols.,  folio,  which  remain  in  manuscript,  in  the  posses- 
sion of  his  son,  Rensselaer  Westerlo,  Esq. 

Dominie  Bansett. — In  1793  Benjamin  Lincoln,  Timothy  Pickering  ano 
Beverly  Randolph  passed  through  Albany  on  their  mission  of  peace  td 
the  Indians  at  Niagara.  They  were  accompanied  by  delegates  from  the 
society  of  Friends,  among  whom  was  William  Savery,  an  eminent  mi- 
nister, under  whose  faithful  preaching  while  in  England,  Elizabeth  Fry 
was  transformed  from  a  gay  girl  into  a  steadfast  Christian,  and  a  phi- 
lanthropist of  world-wide  renown.  The  commissoners  were  received 
with  great  civility  here;  Dominie  Bassett  waited  upon  them,  and  intro- 
ducing himself  promised  to  offer  up  prayers  for  the  success  of  their 
pious  design,  and  added  that  a  thousand  or  more  people  would  unite 
with  him  in  his  supplications.  He  seemed  to  the  good  Quakers  to  be  a 
good-natured,  tender-spirited  man. 

dncient  Customs. — The  pyramidal  roof  and  belfry  of  the  old  church 
are  familiar  to  the  present  generation,  from  the  print  of  it;  but  where 
is  the  remembrancer  of  its  customs?  The  men  sat  wilh  hats  and  muffs 
during  divine  service,  and  in  the  midst  of  the  dominie's  sermon,  uprose 
the  deacons  and  presented  to  each  hearer  a  small  black  bag,  containing 
a  little  bell,  borne  on  the  end  of  a  staff,  somewhat  resembling  a  shrimp 
net.  In  this  way  the  contributions  were  collected.  The  tinkle  of  the 
bell  roused  the  sleepy  and  diverted  for  the  moment  the  busy  thoughts  of 
the  traders  from  muskrat  and  beaver  skins.  The  bags,  wilh  their  load 
of  coppers  and  half  joes  being  duly  replaced,  the  dominie  resumed  the 
broken  thread  of  his  discourse.  The  Indians  are  said  to  have  dreaded 
the  coming  of  a  Sunday  before  they  had  closed  the  sale  of  their  peltry, 
for  to  their  apprehension  it  seemed  that  the  man  in  black  spoke  sharply 
to  the  people  about  the  bargains  they  had  been  driving,  and  that  the 
drift  of  the  sermon  might  be  guessed  at  by  the  lower  prices  offered  for 
their  skins  on  Monday.  The  practice  of  taking  collections  for  the  poor 
during  the  sermon  was  discontinued  in  1795. 

Antiquities  of  the  Old  Stone  Church. — In  demolishing  the  old  church, 
care  was  taken  to  preserve  only  a  small  portion  of  the  armorial  bearings 


120  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church. 

on  the  stained  glass  windows.  The  late  Killian  Van  Rensselaer,  writing 
to  Charles  R.  Webster,  from  Washington,  in  March,  1806.  says:  "  I  had 
no  idea  the  old  church  would  have  been  so  soon  demolished.  I  would 
have  given  a  great  deal  to  have  been  in  Albany  when  the  windows  were 
attacked,  for  I  would  certainly  have  given  $100  for  the  old  family  coat 
of  arms.  I  had  directions  from  Mr.  Oliver  Wendell  in  Boston,  to  obtain 
the  glass  containing  his  family  arms  at  any  price,  and  in  case  of  his 
death  to  deposit  it  in  the  Cambridge  Museum.  Pray  make  some  inqui- 
ries about  the  remnant  saved,  and  if  possible  save  it  for  me.  as  well  as 
the  Van  Rensselaer  arms.  You  will  find  the  name  at  the  foot  of  the 
glass  on  which  the  heraldry  appears."  One  of  the  old  church  windows 
is  preserved,  a  small  one,  in  a  shattered  condition;  also  the  pulpit  and 
the  weathercock,  and  a  bag  and  pole,  with  which  it  was  customary  to 
take  the  contributions,  which  was  done  in  this  wise.  The  minister 
paused  in  the  midst  of  his  sermon,  when  the  deacons  arose,  and  taking 
up  these  implements,  brought  them  to  a  perpendicular  position  against 
their  shoulders.  An  address  was  then  pronounced  from  the  pulpit  upon 
the  collection  about  to  be  taken  in  aid  of  the  poor  members  of  the  church, 
and  the  ceremony  was  then  accompanied  by  the  singing  of  the  choir. 
This  was  designed  to  give  solemnity  to  the  rite.  The  form  of  the  re- 
ceptacle concealed  the  amount  of  the  gift,  so  that  the  munificent  were 
not  incited  by  ostentation,  nor  the  needy  to  deposit  their  scanty  pittance 
with  diffidence.  The  collection  so  taken,  however,  was  not  unfrequently 
plentifully  mixed  with  a  variety  of  coin  unrecognized  by  the  statute, 
consisting  of  any  substance  that  fell  into  the  bag  with  a  chinking  sound. 
The  deacons,  to  rid  themselves  of  this  class  of  contributors,  procured  a 
number  of  shining,  open  plates,  for  the  purpose  ;  but  their  chagrin  may 
be  imagined,  when,  on  presenting  themselves  thus  equipped  before  the 
audience,  they  found  some  of  the  honest  burghers  expressing  their  in- 
dignation at  the  innovation,  by  turning  their  backs  upon  them.  A  little 
war,  wordy  but  bloodless,  ensued  ;  the  plates,  however,  carried  the  day, 
and  still  maintain  their  place;  and  the  gleanings  eleemosynary  are  sel- 
dom mingled  with  base  coin. ....  The  stone 
step  which  was  placed  at  the  entrance  to 
the  porch  on  the  south  side,  still  retains 
its  original  position,  in  the  street,  and  points 
out  the  precise  spot  of  the  vestibule  to  the 
ancient  sanctuary,  and  is  the  indentical 
stone  which  was  impressed  by  the  foot- 
steps  of  several  generations,  in  passing  to 
their  devotions.  It  may  be  discerned  when 
the  streets  are  in  a  tolerable  state  of  clean- 
liness, on  the  left  of  the  cross-walk  that  leads  from  Douw's  Building 

to  the  Exchange When  the  church  in  State  street  was  about  to  be 

removed,  the  trustees  of  the  church  at  the  Boght,  where  Mr.  Bassett 
then  officiated,  applied  for  the  old  pulpit;  but  it  having  been  resolved 
to  preserve  that  relic  in  the  church,  they  next  applied  for  the  pew  doors 

and  hinsest,  which  were  granted  to  them In  July.  1802,  Mr.  William 

Groesbeeck,  who  had  been  clerk  of  the  church  for  a  great  number  of 
years,  died,  and  the  desk  he  had  occupied  was  hung  in  mourning.  He 
was  succeeded  by  his  sons,  Cornelius  and  David,  who  were  the  last  of 
the  voorzingers. 


Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church.  121 

Burial  Customs  and  Ceremonies. — The  burial  ground  for  a  great  num- 
ber of  years  was  the  present  site  of  ihe  Middle  Dutch  Church,  where 
the  bodies  are  said  to  have  been  found  lying  in  some  places  three  or 
four  tiers  deep.  The  dead  were  removed  from  under  the  church  in 
State  street  to  this  ground,  after  it  had  been  selected  for  a  place  of 
burial.  When  the  church  was  built,  the  grave  stones  were  laid  down 
upon  the  graves,  and  covered  over  to  the  depth  of  three  feet,  and  we 
are  told  that  it  was  customary,  when  the  ground  was  wholly  occupied, 
to  add  a  layer  of  earth  upon  the  surface,  and  commence  burying  over 
the  top  of  the  last  tier  of  coffins.  There  is  now  in  the  possession  of 
Mr.  Harmanus  Bleecker,  a  book  of  burials  in  this  church  yard,  embrac- 
ing about  35  years.  When  the  basement  of  the  house  occupied  by  Mr. 
E.  H.  Pease  was  excavated,  the  boxes  were  discovered  in  which  the 
bodies  of  the  revolutionary  soldiers,  killed  or  deceased  during  that  war, 
were  buried.  These  relics  have  been  frequently  disturbed  by  the  im- 
provements  constantly  going  on.  After  the  lot  was  abandoned  as  a 
place  of  burial,  the  new  church  yard  was  located  south  of  the  Capitol 
Park  in  the  vicinity  of  State  street.  The  graves  were  many  feet  above 
the  surface  of  the  lots,  as  they  now  are,  vast  excavations  having  been 

made  in  that  part  of  the  city The  Indian  commissioners  previously 

spoken  of,  are  said  to  have  witnessed  a  burial,  and  been  surprised  at  the 
ways  of  the  people.  No  women  attended  the  body  to  the  grave,  as  they 
had  been  accustomed  to  see ;  but  after  the  corpse  was  borne  out,  they 
remained  to  eat  cakes,  and  drink  spiced  wine.  They  retired  quietly 
before  the  men  returned,  who  resumed  the  feast  and  regaled  themselves. 
Spiced  wine,  and  cakes,  and  pipes  were  provided,  and  wine  was  sent 
to  the  friends  of  the  family.  The  best  room  in  the  house  was  specially 
appropriated  as  "  the  dead  room,"  and  was  rarely  opened  but  to  be 
aired  and  cleaned. 

Sale  of  the  Padure. — In  1791  the  consistory  directed  'the  ground 
commonly  distinguished  as  the  church  pasture,"  to  be  laid  out  into  lots. 
They  lay  on  the  "  west  side  of  Court  street,  leading  from  the  ferry  to  the 
town."  At  this  time  a  gate  swung  across  the  way  a  little  above  Ly- 
dius  street,  and  a  common  road  from  thence  to  the  ferry  lay  along  the 
bank  of  the  river  through  the  pasture.  Although  the  names  of  some  of 
the  streets  in  that  region  have  been  changed  within  a  few  years,  several 
of  them  still  bear  the  names  of  the  ministers.  The  area  which  ihey  in- 
tersect was  once  the  propeily  of  the  church,  and  when  sold  produced 
less  than  a  hundred  dollars  a  lot.  These  have  since  been  filled  in  to  a 
considerable  extent  and  rendered  valuable.  There  were  comparatively 
but  few  lots  built  upon  south  of  Lydius  street,  between  Pearl  and  Broad- 
way, so  late  as  twenty  years  ago,  though  now  teeming  with  a  dense 
population. 

The  parsonage,  or  as  it  is  termed  in  the  charter,  the  minister's  house, 
which  belonged  to  the  congregation,  and  was  occupied  by  Mr.  Westerlo 
during  the  last  six  years  of  his  life,  was  the  building  more  recently 
known  as  the  Bleecker  House,  and  was  taken  down  three  or  four 
years  since,  to  make  room  for  Bleecker  Hall.  The  first  preaching  in 
English  was  by  Mr.  Livingston,  about  1776;  in  1782  Mr.  Westerlo  began 
to  preach  in  English,  and  Mr.  Bassett,  his  colleague,  was  the  first  set- 
tled English  pastor. 

11 


122  Evangelical  Lutheran  Ebenezer  Church. 

EVANGELICAL  LUTHERAN  EBENEZER  CHURCH. 

The  edifice  occupied  by  this  congre- 
galion  as  a  place  of  worship,  is  plea- 
santly located  on  the  corner  of  Pine  and 
Lodge  streets.  It  is  constructed  of 
stone,  and  is  said  lo  be  a  very  creditable 
specimen  of  architecture,  though  of  ra- 
ther moderate  size.  The  corner  stone 
was  laid  on  Thursday,  Sept.  16,  1816, 
by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Mayer,  the  pastor,  as- 
sisted by  Philip  Hooker,  Ihe  archilect. 
Its  dimensions  are  40  by  60  feet,  and  the 
expense  of  its  erection  was  about  $25,- 
000.  In  1848  it  was  repaired,  and  its 
interior  thoroughly  renovated,  at  an  ex- 
pense of  upwards  of  $4.000. 

We  have  not  been  able  to  ascerlain 
the  precise  dale  of  Ihe  firsl  eslablish- 
menl  of  a  Lulheran  church  in  Albany. 
The  early  immigrants,  coming  from 
Holland,  were  principally  Calvinists, 
with  strong  predilections  for  the  princi- 
ples propounded  by  the  Synod  of  Dort, 
and  embodied  under  the  name  of  the 
JReformed  ProtestanlDulch  Church;  yet, 
although  the  predominating  sect,  they 
seem  to  have  found  many  difficulties  in 
the  way  of  supporting  their  church,  which  was  oflen  without  a  pastor. 
Before  1630,  however,  the  Lutherans  had  a  church  here,  in  spite  of  the 
opposition  they  met  with;  for  they  seem  to  have  been  Ihe  first  sect  which 
the  dominant  party  thought  necessary  to  restrain  in  their  mode  of  wor- 
ship.* Application  had  been  made  al  an  early  date,  to  the  directors  in 
Holland,  to  allow  professors  of  this  creed  liberty  to  elecl  a  pastor,  and 
perform  the  free  exercise  of  their  religion  in  New  Netherland.  But 
these  privileges  were  refused,  and  orders  were  sent  over  "  to  employ  all 
moderate  exertions  lo  lure  Ihem  lo  our  churches,  and  to  matriculate 
them  in  the  public  reformed  religion."!  Moderation  is  of  Jitlle  avail, 
where  conscience  interposes  scruples.  Fathers  were  compelled,  con- 
trary lo  Iheir  principles,  to  assist  at  the  baptism  of  their  children  in  the 
Dutch  church,  and  as  well  as  the  sponsors,  lo  declare  their  belief  in  the 
doctrines  promulgated  by  the  Synod  of  Dort.  Many  who  objected  to 
this  were  imprisoned.  In  a  letler  dated  March  10,  1656.$  De  Decker 
alludes  to  a  certain  placard  drawn  up  and  published  by  the  authorities 
at  Beverwyck,  "  against  the  congregation  of  some  Lulherans,  wrhich 
has  also  been  executed  against  ihe  contraveners  and  disobedient."  The 
Lulherans  also  senl  over  complainls,  which  led  to  the  censure  of  Stuy- 
vesant,  and  the  aggrieved  were  permitted  to  worship  in  their  own  houset. 
This,  however,  was  not  enough:  they  demanded  freedom  from  interrup- 

*  O'Callaghan'a  History  of  New  IS'etberland,  p.  219-20,  vol.  2. 

J  Albany  Records,  IV.,  130.  J  Fort  Orange  Record*. 


Evangelical  Lutheran  Ebcnezer  Church.  123 

tion  in  their  worship.  The  director  general  avowed  his  determination  to 
enforce  the  law  against  schismatical  worship.  The  Lutherans  appealed 
to  him.  Oct.  24th,  1656,  as  follows:  "  We,  the  united  brethren  of  the 
Augsburg  Confession  here  in  New  Netherland,  show  with  all  due  reve- 
rence how  that  we  have  been  obedient  unto  your  honor's  prohibitions 
and  published  placards,  unwilling  to  collect  together  in  any  place  to 
worship  our  God  with  reading  and  singing,  although  we  solicited  our 
friends  in  our  fatherland  to  obtain  this  privilege;  who  as  our  solicitors 
exerted  themselves  in  our  behalf  by  the  noble  directors  of  the  West 
India  Company,  our  patrons;  when  after  their  letters  to  us,  containing 
their  entreaties,  they  obtained  that  they  resolved  unanimously  and  con- 
cluded that  the  doctrine  of  the  unaltered  Augsburg  Confession  might  be 
tolerated  in  the  West  Indies  and  New  Netherland,  being  under  their  di- 
rection, as  is  the  practice  in  our  fatherland  under  its  excellent  govern- 
men! ;  wherefore  we  address  ourselves  lo  your  honor,  willing  to  acknow- 
ledge your  honor,  as  dutiful  and  obedient  servants,  with  prayer  that  you 
will  not  any  longer  interrupt  our  religions  exercises,  which  we.  under 
God's  blessing,  are  wishing  to  make,  with  reading  and  singing,  till  as 
we  hope  and  expect,  under  God's  aid.  next  spring,  a  qualified  person 
shall  arrive  from  our  fatherland  to  instruct  us,  and  take  care  of  our 
souls."  Accordingly,  in  July  of  the  following  year,  the  Rev.  Johannes 
Ernestus  Goetvvater,  a  Lutheran  minister,  arrived  with  a  commission 
from  the  consistory  at  Amsterdam,  authorizing  him  to  act  as  pastor  to 
the  Lutheran  congregation  at  the  Manhattans.  The  Dutch  ministers, 
Megapolensis  and  Drisius.  took  active  measures  to  procure  his  instant 
expulsion,  demanding  that  he  should  be  sent  back  to  Holland  in  the 
same  ship  in  which  he  arrived.  Sickness  alone  prevented  the  immedi- 
ate execution  of  the  harsh  and  unchristian  mandate,  and  he  was  put  on 
the  limits  of  the  city  for  the  time  being,  and  finally  forced  to  embark  for 
Holland.*  The  department  at  Amsterdam,  although  desirous  of  sooth- 
ing the  feelings  of  the  Lutherans,  could  do  little  to  relieve  their  griev- 
ances, and  in  the  hope  of  winning  them  over,  ordered  some  alterations 
to  be  made  in  the  formula  of  baptism,  as  then  practiced  in  the  American 
orthodox  church,  to  make  it  less  objectionable. 

The  British  dynasty  brought  with  it  full  permission  to  the  Lu- 
therins  to  follow  their  mode  of  worship.  On  the  13th  of  October.  1669, 
Gov.  Lovelace  publicly  announced  that  he  had  "  lately  received  letters 
from  the  duke,  wherein  it  is  particularly  signified  unto  me,  that  his  royal 
highness  doth  approve  of  the  toleration  given  to  the  Lutheran  church  in 
these  parts.  I  do  therefore  expect  that  you  live  friendly  and  peaceably 
with  those  of  that  profession,  giving  them  no  disturbance  in  the  exercise 
of  their  religion,  as  they  shall  receive  no  countenance  in,  but  on  the 
contrary  strictly  answer  any  disturbance  they  shall  presume  to  give  unto 
any  of  you  in  your  divine  worship."  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  about 
this  time  that  the  Lutherans  erected  a  church  and  parsonage  in  Albany, 
where  the  Centre  Market  now  stands.  Capt.  Abram  Slaets  (or  Staas  f) 
obtained  a  patent  of  that  lot  on  the  25th  of  October,  1653,  which  he  sold 
to  the  officers  of  the  Lutheran  congregation  on  the  28th  of  March,  1680. 
The  original  deed,  having  the  above  date,  which  we  have  examined 

*  O'Callaghan's  History  of  New  Netherland,  ii.,  315,  346. 

t  He  arrived  16J2,  in  the  same  ship  wiih  Dora.  Megapolensis,  and  is  beliered  to  be  this 
mnceator  of  those  who  take  the  name  of  SlaaU. 


124          Evangelical  Lutheran  Ebenezer  Church. 

with  a  great  deal  of  interest,  is  in  good  ancient  Dutch,  and  was  made  By 
Robert  Livingston,  "  Secretary  van  Albany,  Colonie  Rensselaerswyck 
cnde  Schaenheehtady."  It  recites  that  Major  Abram  Staas,  in  the  pre- 
sence of  Andries  Teller  and  Cornelis  Van  Dyck,  commissaries,  conveyed 
the  premises  to  Albert  Bratt,  Myndert  Frederikse  (Jl) ,  Anthony  Lispenard 
and  Carsten  Frederikse,  elders  and  deacons  of  the  Lutheran  congrega- 
tion. The  lot  was  described  as  being  bounded  on  the  east  by  the  public 
highway,  12  rods  11  feet;  on  the  south  by  the  first  kill  and  the  common 
road,  21  rods  1  foot;  on  the  west  by  the  little  kill,  (cleyn  killitie,)  6  rods 
4  feet;  and  on  the  north  by  the  old  road,  belonging  to  Mr.  Pretty,  Jacob 
Sanders,  Johannes  Wendell,  Myndert  Harmense,  and  Hendrick  Cuyler, 
23  rods  5  feet.  Ryland*  measure.  It  also  states  that  the  Jot  was  already 
occupied  by  a  Lutheran  church,  and  a  house  in  which  the  dominie  lived. 
The  consideration  money  is  not  stated,  but  it  is  distinctly  set  forth  that 
the  first  and  last  penny  were  paid,  which  certainly  puts  a  very  creditable 
finish  to  the  aspect  of  the  transaction. 

It  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  ancient  map  of  the  city,  on  another 
page,  bearing  date  1695,  that  the  same  spot  is  marked  by  a  Lutheran 
church  and  burying  ground,  fronting  on  South  Pearl  street,  and  extend- 
ing from  Howard  to  Beaver  street;  or  rather  to  the  palisades,  which 
formed  the  southern  boundary  of  the  city  at  that  point. 

We  have  not  been  able  to  learn  anything  further  of  the  history  of  this 
church,  during  the  lapse  of  nearly  a  century;  in  the  meantime  a  Ger- 
man Reformed  congregation  seems  to  have  erected  a  house  of  worship 
on  Arbor  Hill  (C).  Although  the  Lutherans  still  had  possession  of 
their  lot  in  Pearl  street,  yet  it  is  recollected  by  some  of  the  elder  citizens, 
that  about  the  close  of  the  revolution  they  had  no  church,  but  held  their 
meetings  for  worship  in  a  private  house  on  the  corner  of  Howard  and 
Pearl  street,  a  front  room  in  which  was  fitted  up  with  seats  sufficient  to 
accommodate  the  few  members  belonging  to  the  congregation  at  that 
time  We  believe  there  are  no  records  extant  to  account  for  these 
things,  or  giving  any  information  as  to  the  origin  or  organization  of  the 
church.  It  is  found,  however,  to  have  been  regularly  incorporated  Au- 
gust 26,  1784,  and  on  the  7th  of  September  following,  Rev.  Henry  Moel- 
ler  was  called.  The  trustees  were  J.  P.  Hildebrand,  Charles  Newman 
and  Christian  Ehring.  The  condition  of  the  church  at  this  time  may 
be  gathered  from  a  letter  written  by  Mr.  Moeller  in  1818,  in  which  he 
»ays:  ''I  wish,  brethren,  you  would  call  to  remembrance  the  condition 
of  your  congregation  in  1784  and  1785,  when  you  had  no  church,  and  I 
was  your  pastor.  I  traveled  in  company  with  an  elder,  the  now  de- 
ceased Mr.  Ehring,  to  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Scheneciady,  and  adja. 
cent  country,  and  collected,  together  with  the  generous  donations  of  the 
citizens  of  Albany,  and  with  what  the  cheerfulness  of  the  poor  congre* 
gation  could  afford,  the  sum  of  £640,  which  was  esteemed  a  large  eoli 
lection  of  money  at  that  time.  The  honest  Mr.  John  Geyer,  now  de- 
ceased, was  treasurer,  and  the  building  was  paid  for  soon  after  it  was 
finished.  The  congregation  had  engaged  to  pay  me  £100  salary,  leaving 
to  me  one  third  of  the  lime  free  to  attend  the  Low  Dutch  congregation 
at  Loonenburgh,  But  finding  that  the  congregation  proved  unable  to 
pay  me  more  than  £50,  besides  furnishing  me  with  fire-wood,  I  remitted 

'This  is  the  orthogranhy  in  most  of  the  ancient  records.  A  Rynland  or  Leyden  foot 
is  equal  to  12  3-3  inches  English  measure,  aqd  a  Dutch  or  Amsterdam  loot,  about  ou« 
inch  less  than  the  Rynland.. 


Evangelical  Lutheran  Ebenezer  Church.  125 

the  rest,  and  employed  myself  in  vacant  congregations,  some  of  them 
laid  in  perfect  wilderness,  til!  I  found  my  arduous  task  would  waste  my 
Strength  before  the  ordinary  time  of  age,  I  took  a  call  to  Pennsylvania. 
After  twelve  years  you  did  me  the  honor  to  present  me  a  second  call. 
I  found  th?  charge  easier  than  before,  but  my  travels  to  Hel  'erberg  and 
Beaverdam,  which  congregations  were  necessary  to  make  up  a  neces- 
sary living,  proved  injurious  to  my  health,  to  which  was  added  the 
heavy  expense  of  keeping  a  horse  and  chaise,  and  the  increase  of  prices 
for  fire-wood  and  other  necessaries.  I  left  you  the  second  time,  and  am 
now  comfortably  settled  for  the  short  rest  of  my  life." 

The  records  of  the  church  to  which  we  have  had  access,  extend  no 
farther  back  than  the  2Sth  of  May,  1786,  when  the  communion  was  ad- 
ministered. The  congregation  then  appears  to  have  had  no  settled  pas- 
tor. In  the  following  year  the  trustees  publicly  expressed  their  acknow- 
ledgements for  the  receipt  of  donations,  to  the  amount  of  £552  12s.  2d.-t 
more  than  £214  of  which,  they  say,  was  obtained  in  Albany  and  its 
vicinity.  The  total  cost  of  their  building  was  £640  ($1600).  About 
ten  years  later  a  complaint  was  made  of  hindrances,  and  that  their 
church  was  still  unfinished. 

From  the  time  Mr.  Moeller  left,  in  1785,  to  1794,  the  church  was 
supplied  with  the  word  and  ordinances  by  neighboring  ministers.  Among 
these  were  the  Rev.  Messrs.  Schwertfeger^  Groelz,  and  Johann  Fre- 
derick Ernst,  pastor  of  Loonenbursh  (Athens)  and  Claverack.  In 
June,  1794,  Rev.  Anthon  Theodore  Braun  became  their  pastor,  and  re- 
mained till  1800.  In  1S01  the  Rev.  Heinrich  Moeller  again  took  charge 
of  the  congregation,  and  remained  till  1806.  In  1807  the  Rev.  Frede- 
rich  George  Mayer  was  settled  as  pastor,  and  remained  until  he  was 
removed  by  death  in  December,  1843.  In  July  of  that  year,  the  Rev. 
Henry  Newman  Pohlman,  the  present  efficient  pastor,  accepted  a  call 
from  the  congregation,  and  was  installed  on  the  24th  of  September. 
Under  his  ministry  the  church  is  gradually  increasing  in  numbers,  and 
there  are  at  present  about  one  hundred  members  in  communion.  The 
services  of  the  church  were  in  German  until  1808,  when  at  a  meeting  of 
the  trustees,  elders  and  deacons,  held  May  16th  at  the  house  of  Martin 
Hebeysen,  it  was  resolved  that  the  sermons,  after  Whitsunday,  should  be 
delivered  in  English,  except  one  sermon  in  the  forenoon  of  the  last 
Sunday  in  each  month. 

At  the  close  of  the  last  century,  an  effort  was  made  to  procure  the 
location  of  a  Lutheran  seminary  in  Albany.  The  Rev.  John  Christo- 
pher Hartwick  died  in  1796,  possessed  of  a  large  estate,  which  he  left 
by  will  for  the  endowment  of  an  institution  for  training  up  young  minis- 
ters of  the  gospel,  and  misionaries  to  be  sent  among  the  Indians,  accord- 
ing to  the  Augustan  Confession  and  the  tenets  of  the  Evangelical  Lu- 
theran church.  The  executors  named  in  his  will  were  Jeremiah  Van 
Rensselaer  of  Albany,  and  Frederick  A.  Muhlenberg  of  Philadelphia, 
formerly  a  Lutheran  minister  of  New  York,  but  at  this  time  speaker  of 
the  house  of  representatives  in  congress.  His  scheme  contemplated  the 
erection  of  a  town  on  his  tract  in  Otsego  county,  to  be  called  New 
Jerusalem,  where  the  theological  school  should  be  established,  in  which 
"  no  heathenish  author  should  be  read,  until  when,  by  divine  providence, 
the  revenues  should  increase,  classical  learning  might  be  added."  The 
administrators,  on  looking  into  the  affairs  of  the  testator,  found  that  a 
large  part  of  the  landed  estate,  about  13,000  acres,  including  the  intended 


126  Evangelical  Lutheran  Ebenezer  Church. 

site  of  the  New  Jerusalem,  was  claimed  by  Judge  Cooper,  who  profess- 
ed to  have  purchased  it  of  Mr.  Harlwick  at  $2  per  acre,  payable  at  a 
distant  time.  Mr.  Hartwick  had  desired  to  be  buried  in  the  Lutheran 
church  of  Albany,  and  his  wishes  were  complied  with.  A  marble  tablet 
bearing  his  inscription  (B)  is  placed  in  the  floor  of  the  church,  in  front  of 
the  pulpit.  It  being  uncertain  that  much  of  anything  remained  to  found 
the  contemplated  school,  the  trustees  of  the  church  at  Albany  desired  to 
have  the  institution  connected  with  their  church,  promising  to  raise  $3,- 
000  towards  the  erection  of  a  suitable  building.  In  fact,  they  claimed 
the  estate,  and  deprecated  the  idea  of  erecting  a  college  in  the  wilder- 
ness, as  a  "  monument  like  the  pillar  of  Absalom."  They  say  that  the 
Oneida  Indians  were  provided  with  a  Presbyterian  minister  forty  years 
before,  that  "  other  nations  have  the  same,  and  now  the  Indians  have 
sold  all  their  land,  which  will  be  inhabited  by  Christians,  so  that  the 
whim  of  a  college  and  a  New  Jerusalem,  may  fall  away,  and  it  may  be 
better  to  support  with  it  the  congregation  of  Albany,  which,  from  the  time 
of  Gov.  Van  Tromp,  has  always  been  oppressed.  We,  Lutherans  of 
Albany,  are  the  next  heirs  of  Mr.  Hartwick.  .  .  .  His  own  writings  will 
show  with  what  affection  we  took  care  of  him."  At  another  time, 
writing  to  the  curators  of  the  estate,  the  trustees,  who  at  this  time  were 
J.  Conrad  Ruby,  Martin  Hebeysen  and  Daniel  Pohlman,  still  complain 
of  the  neglect  shown  to  their  interests  by  those  having  charge  of  the 
legacy — "mournfully  observing  that  our  poor  Ebenezer  is  entirely  for- 
gotten,  notwithstanding  we  appointed  in  our  stead  two  worthy  friends 
and  gentlemen,  the  most  Rev.  l)r.  Kunze  and  Mr.  Jeremiah  Van  Rens- 
selaer. our  advocates  for  our  distressed  Ebenezer.  Yet  in  their  twelve 
resolves,  nothing  appeared  for  such  a  poor  flock  of  Lutheran  Christians 
to  support  their  pious  business.  We  collect  about  £18  per  annum  from 
the  members  of  our  church,  and  no  more.  Our  church  is  not  finished 
and  more  like  to  decay.  But  we  are  forgotten,  though  we  know  that 
Hartwick  loved  us,  for  he  would  be  with  us,  even  when  dead.  It  is  now 
in  your  power  to  support  that  poor  church  out  of  an  estate  freely  grant- 
ed by  the  owner."  The  solicitations  of  the  trustees  seem  to  have  been 
crowned  with  partial  success;  for  on  the  17th  of  October,  1801,  articles 
of  agreement,  drawn  by  Peter  E.  Elmendorf,  were  entered  into  between 
them  and  the  trustees  of  the  estate,  by  which  all  the  estate  was  to  be 
deposited  with  the  trustees  of  the  church,  within  two  years,  for  the  pur- 
poses of  the  seminary,  subject  to  the  order  of  the  curators,  John  C. 
Kunze  and  Jeremiah  Van  Rensselaer.  The  foundation  of  an  edifice 
was  laid  in  Park  street;  but  the  arrangement  seems  to  have  given  so 
much  dissatisfaction  among  the  Lutheran  churches,  as  to  lead  to  its 
abandonment.  Accordingly  at  a  meeting  of  the  trustees  on  the  14th 
April,  1808,  they  resolved  that  since  it  was  found  impossible  to  execute 
the  trust  committed  to  them,  they  would  redeliver  the  property  into  the 
hands  of  the  surviving  executor,  Jeremiah  Van  Rensselaer;  and  two 
years  after  the  materials  used  for  the  foundation  were  ordered  to  be 
sold.  The  seminary  was  finally  located  at  Hartwick,  in  Otsego  county, 
and  is  now  in  successful  operation,  under  a  special  charter,  obtained  of 
the  legislature  in  1816. — (See  Session  Laws,  e.  166.) 

In  1816,  the  city  corporation  purchased  the  lot  on  South  Pearl  street, 
•which  had  been  in  possession  of  the  congregation  almost  a  century  and 
a  half,  and  paid  for  it  $32,000.  The  boundaries  were  a  little  differently 
described  at  this  day,  as  follows:  "  on  the  east  by  South  Pearl,  late 


Evangelical  Lutheran  Ebenezer  Church.  127 

Washington  street;  on  the  south  by  the  Rulten  kill;  on  the  west  by  a 
small  run  of  water  called  Fort  Killitie;  and  on  the  north  by  Howard, 
late  Lutheran  street."  There  was  at  the  lime  a  small  market  on  How- 
ard street,  above  the  church,  called  Fly  market.  The  common  council 
presented  to  the  congregation  the  lot  which  they  now  occupy  on  Pine 
street,  on  condition  of  the  removal  of  their  dead  from  the  old  burying 
ground  on  Pearl  street.  The  expense  of  excavating  the  lot  was  $5,000. 
They  have  since  built  a  consistory  and  parsonage  on  the  premises,  the 
former  having  been  consecrated  on  the  10th  of  July,  1836;  the  state  hay- 
ing previously,  1832,  purchased  the  westerly  and  unoccupied  part  of  their 
lot,  for  $45,000,  upon  which  the  State  Hall  was  erected.  With  this 
money  the  trustees  excavated  and  built  upon  the  property  fronting  on 
State,  Park  and  Lancaster  streets,  which  was  occupied  by  them  as  a 
cemetery  unlil  the  common  council  granted  them  their  present  cemetery 
lot  by  deed  dated  Nov.  1,  1803.  These  old  cemetry  grounds  have  been 
excavated  to  a  great  depth  to  make  proper  grades  for  streets  and  build- 
ing lots — the  cemetries  of  all  the  churches  having  been  removed  from 
thence  to  their  present  location  west  of  Knox  street,  on  the  south  side 
of  State,  at  about  the  same  time. 

(A)  Att  a  Court  of  Mayor  and  Aldermen  held  for  ye  Citty  of  Albany, 
y«  17th  day  of  August,  16S6.     Present  Peter  Schuyler,  Jan  Jans  Bleeker, 
Johannes  Wandel,  Dirck  Wessells,  Adrian  Gerritse,  Levinus  Van  Schaik. 
Hercules,  ye  negro  of  Myndert  Frederikse  being  brought  before  ye 
Court  by  warrant  of  ye  Mayr  to  answer  ye  fellonious  taking  out  of  his 
master's  house  a  small  chest  wherein  some  bags  of  wampum  was  con- 
tained, belonging  to  ye  Poor  of  ye  Lutheran  Church,  and  being  examined 
doth  confess  y3  fact  yl  upon  Thursday  night  last  he  came  to  his  master's 
house,  and   finding  ye  window  of  ye  chamber  open,  went  in  and  stole 
awayye  small  chest  wherein  ye  money  of  y«  poor  of  ye  Lutheran  Church 
was  kept,  and  broke  ye  chest  open  without  ye  gate,  at  ye  water  side 
with  an  axe     Ordered,  y*  ye  sd  Negroe  be  committed  and  secured  in 
ye  Common  Goale  till  ye  next  Court  of  Sessions,  when  he  is  to  be  brought 
to  his  tryall. — Jllbany  Records,  in.,  4. 

(B)  The  following  is  the  inscription  on  the  tomb  stone  alluded  to: 

Hier  ruhet 

Johann  C.  Hartwick 

Prediger  der  Evangelisch 

Lutherischen  Kirche 

Gebohren  in  Sax-Gotha 

den  6  Januer  3714 

Gestorben 
den  16  Julius  1796 

Seines  alters 
82  Jahre  6  Monat 
Das  kurzoesteckte  ziel  der  tage, 
1st  siebenzig.  ist  aghlzig  jahr, 
Ein  unnbegrif  von  mueh  und  plage, 
Auch  wennsnoch  so  kostlich  war. 
Gefliigelt  eilt  mit  uns  die  zeit, 
In  eine  lange  ewigkeit. 


128  Evangelical  Lutheran  Ebenezer  Church. 

(C)  The  followers  of  Zwinglius.  who  differed  from  the  Lutherans 
in  some  matters  relating  to  the  sacrament,*  took  the  name  of  German 
Reformed.  In  the  Albany  Gazette,  printed  by  the  Robertsons  in  1772, 
was  published  an  advertisement  of  a  lottery  to  be  drawn  in  March  of 
that  year,  for  the  benefit  of  the  German  Reformed  Church,  which  is 
the  first  we  hear  of  them  in  this  place.  Lotteries  were  not  an  unusual 
means  of  raising  money  even  for  churches  at  that  day.  The  spot 
pointed  out  as  the  location  of  this  edifice,  is  between  Orange  and  Patroon 
streets,  west  of  Ten  Broeck  street,  where  its  foundation  had  an  altitude 
considerably  above  the  present  grade  of  the  latter  street,  overlooking  a 
deep  ravine  on  the  south.  The~object  to  be  attained  by  the  selection  of 
so  retired  a  location,  is  somewhat  difficult  to  conceive,  unless  it  was  to 
set  it  <;  upon  a  hill  that  it  should  not  be  hid,"  for  it  was  far  out  of  town 
at  that  day.  An  idea  of  its  remoteness  may  be  had  from  the  circum- 
stance of  some  one  having  opened  a  tavern  so  far  from  any  landmark, 
that  he  described  it  as  "situated  on  the  pleasant  road  to  the  German 
church.''  A  cross-road  ran  diagonally  up  the  hill  from  what  is  now 
Orange  street  to  Patroon  street,  both  of  which  were  then  common 
roads,  and  the  church  stood  a  little  west  of  the  cross-road,  with  a  bury- 
ing ground  in  front.  It  was  a  wooden  edifice,  about  fifty  feet  square, 
with  a  tower  at  the  north  entrance,  furnished  with  a  bell.  It  was  pro- 
vided with  an  organ,  the  first  one  known  to  have  been  used  in  a  church 
in  Albany.  The  only  notice  we  can  find  respecting  it  in  the  public 
archives,  is  an  act  passed  March  27,  1794,  "  for  the  relief  of  Paul  Koch- 
strasser  and  others,"  as  follows:  "Whereas  it  hath  been  represented 
that  Paul  Hochstrasser,  John  Abbet  and  John  Tillrnan,  having  expended 
large  sums  of  money  in  erecting  a  building  for  the  Reformed  German 
congregation  in  the  city  of  Albany  with  sundry  appurtenances,  which 
sums  were  never  reimbursed  by  the  said  congregation  through  the  means 
of  their  inability.  And  whereas  also  it  has  been  further  represented, 
that  the  said  congregation  is  dispersed,  and  the  building  become  useless : 
Be  it  enacted  by  the  people  of  the  state  of  New  York  represented  in 
Senate  and  Assembly,  That  Abraham  Hun,  Teunis  Ts.  Van  Vechten 
and  John  C.  Cuyler,  be,  and  hereby  are  appointed  trustees,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  selling  the  aforesaid  building,  with  the  appurtenances,  exclusive 
of  the  right  of  soil ;  and  out  of  the  moneys  therefrom  arising,  to  settle 
with  all  snch  persons  who  may  have  any  demands  against  the  same ; 
and  should  the  moneys  therefrom  arising  not  be  competent  to  satisfy  the 
said  claims,  they  shall  be  and  hereby  are  authorized  to  pay  each  claim- 
ant a  just  proportion  of  the  moneys  arising  from  the  said  premises,  ac- 
cording to  his,  her,  or  their  respective  demands."  The  church  appears 
to  have  been  sold  accordingly,  and  afterwards  occupied  by  the  Seceders. 
It  was  subsequently  taken  down,  and  the  frame  work  is  still  standing 
near  Lydius  street,  about  two  miles  out.  On  the  14th  of  April,  1803, 
Paul  Hochstrasser  and  John  Ram  applied  to  the  consistory  of  the  Re- 
formed Protestant  Dutch  Church  for  permission  to  bury  their  deceased 
relatives  in  the  ground  belonging  to  that  church,  alleging  that  the 
grave  yard  of  the  German  Reformed  Church  had  become  almost  a  public 
common;  that  the  former  wished  to  take  up  the  remains  of  his  mother, 
and  the  latter  those  of  his  children,  and  deposit  them  elsewhere.  When 

*  Serious  disturbances  have  recently  arisen  in  Prussia,  in  consequence  of  an  edict  of 
the  king,  directing  the  union  of  these  two  churches  in  one. 


German  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church.  129 

the  pier  was  built,  the  lot  upon  which  this  church  stood  was  excavated, 
and  the  earth  used  to  fill  in  that  work.  The  bones  of  the  dead  buried 
there  were  placed  in  boxes,  and  left  by  the  road  side  in  a  ravine,  till 
some  one  having  occasion  to  use  the  boxes,  the  bones  were  turned  out 
upon  the  ground,  and  afterwards  plowed  under.  It  is  believed  that  there 
is  one  member  of  this  church  still  living,  who  now  attends  the  Lutheran 
church. 


GERMAN  EVANGELICAL  LUTHERAN  CHURCH. 

The  building  occupied  by  this  congregation  is  situated  in  State  street, 
above  Swan,  It  was  orisinally  built  for  the  use  of  a  Methodist  congre- 
gation, and  purchased  of  them  in  1842,  for  eighteen  hundred  dollars. 

It  will  have  been  seen  in  our  account  of  the  Lutheran  Ebenezer 
Church,  that  the  use  of  the  German  language  in  the  services  of  the 
sanctuary,  virtually  ceased  in  1808.  But  the  large  number  of  immi- 
grants from  Germany  rendered  it  necessary  for  the  pastor  of  that  church 
to  resume  its  use  in  1834.  Accordingly  from  that  time  a  service  in  that 
language  was  held  in  the  evening  of  the  Lord's  day,  and  occasionally 
during  the  week.  After  the  erection  of  the  Lecture  Room  of  the  Ebe- 
nezer Church,  on  the  corner  of  Lodge  and  Steuben  streets,  in  1836,  the 
Germans  were  regularly  supplied  with  the  word  and  ordinances  in  their 
mother  tongue,  by  the  Rev.  William  Moellman,  from  Hanover,  in  Ger- 
many. And  when  he  accepted  a  call  fron  Cincinnati,  and  removed  to 
that  city,  the  services  were  continued  with  more  or  less  regularity  by 
the  Rev.  F.  G.  Mayer,  the  pastor  of  Ebenezer. 

In  1841,  in  consequence  of  the  rapid  increase  of  the  German  popula- 
tion, and  the  inconvenience  of  holding  service  in  two  languages,  it  was 
deemed  expedient  to  organize  a  separate  congregation,  which  was  done 
on  the  8th  of  August  in  that  year.  Early  in  1842,  by  the  effective  aid 
of  the  mother  church,  and  the  kind  liberality  of  the  citizens  of  Albany, 
they  succeeded  in  purchasing  the  church  above  mentioned,  which  was 
set  apart  for  the  worship  of  God  in  the  German  language,  with  appro- 
priate solemnities,  on  the  10th  of  May.  The  first  pastor  of  this  church 
was  the  Rev.  George  Saul,  who  remained  with  them  a  year  and  seven 
months,  and  then  removed  to  Canajoharie.  He  was  succeeded  by  the 
Rev.  Edward  Meyer,  in  October,  1842,  who,  after  a  ministry  of  four  and 
a  half  years,  resigned  his  charge,  and  removed  on  the  first  of  May,  1847, 
to  Lockport,  Niagara  county.  While  he  was  their  pastor,  the  congre. 
gation,  at  the  cost  of  $500,  purchased  a  lot  for  n.  burial  ground  on  the 
north  side  of  the  Schenectaday  turnpike  in  Washington  street,  which 
was  consecrated  with  appropriate  solemnities,  on  the  26th  of  November. 
1846. 

On  the  26th  of  September,  1847,  the  Rev.  Frederick  William  Schmidt, 
the  present  efficient  pastor,  was  installed,  aod  entered  upon  the  discharge 
of  his  ministerial  duties.  Under  his  ministry  the  church  is  increasing 
in  members  and  usefulness.  The  debts  of  the  congregation  are  nearly 
discharged,  a  balance  of  three  hundred  dollars  only  remaining;  and  the 
hope  is  fondly  entertained  that  a  German  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church, 
gp  necessary  for  the  spiritual  well  being  of  this  important  part  of  our 
population  in  this  city,  is  firmly  established  on  a  sure  and  solid  basis, 


130  First  Presbyterian  Church. 

FIRST  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH. 

The  Presbyterkin  Church  in  Albany,  was  formed  at  the  conclusion 
of  the  French  war,  in  the  year  1763.  In  October  of  that  year  the  cor- 
poration of  the  city  executed  a  deed  in  trust  for  the  congregation,  to 
John  Macomb,  Daniel  Edgar,  Samuel  Holladay,  Robert  Henry,  Abra- 
ham Lyle  and  John  Munro,  for  the  ground  on  which  the  first  building 
for  public  worship  was  erected  by  the  church.  This  lot  was  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Beaver  street,  on  the  east  by  William  street,  on  the  south 
by  Hudson  street,  and  on  the  west  by  Grand  street,  including,  it  is  sup. 
posed,  all  the  ground  now  comprised  within  these  boundaries.  The 
house  erected  on  this  spot  was  of  wood,  of  considerable  size,  with  a  tall 
steeple,  and  fronted  to  the  east.  It  was  occupied  by  the  church  till  A. 
D.  1796.  From  the  date  of  the  formation  of  the  church,  A.  D.  1763,  till 
the  commencement  of  the  war  of  the  revolution,  the  church  had  two 
pastors,  viz.:  Rev.  William  Hanna,  who  remained  with  them  two  years, 
and  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  Andrew  Bay,  who  continued  in  the  pas- 
toral charge  for  five  years.  The  only  elders  known  to  have  been  or- 
dained in  the  church  during  this  time,  were  Robert  R.  Henry  and  Mat- 
thew Watson.  There  are  to  be  found,  however,  during  this  period,  no 
sessional  records,  nor  any  records  of  communicants,  baptisms,  marriages 
or  deaths.  On  the  12th  of  July,  1785.  a  unanimous  call  was  given  to 
the  Rev.  John  McDonald,  who  was  ordained  and  installed  pastor  of  the 
church  on  the  8th  of  November  of  the  same  year,  and  continued  in  that 
office  till  A.  D.  1795.  On  the  first  of  January,  1786,  the  church,  which 
had  been  scattered,  and  without  stated  services  during  the  war,  was  re- 
organized, and  four  elders  and  two  deacons  were  ordained.  The  first 
communion  after  the  new  organization  was  held  on  the  third  sabbath 
of  April,  1787,  when  116  members  were  admitted.  In  the  spring  of  1794, 
proposals  were  issued  for  building  a  brick  church,  the  materials  for 
which  were  already  procured,  as  well  as  the  lot,  extending  on  Washing- 
ton (Pearl)  street,  from  Beaver  street  to  Store  lane  (Norton  street.)  The 
building  was  completed  in  1796  in  an  elegant  style  for  the  day,  being 
altogether  the  best  church  edifice  in  the  city,  and  was  opened  on  the  20th 
of  November  of  that  year.  Its  dimensions  were  64  by  76  feet.  In  1831 
an  addition  of  16  feet  was  made  to  it  on  the  north  end,  and  the  interior 
remodeled,  so  as  to  place  it  in  advance  of  the  other  churches  again  for 
internal  elegance.  On  the  3d  of  October,  1798,  Eliphalet  Nott  was  in- 
stalled pastor  of  the  church,  where  he  continued  to  preach  until  he  was 
removed  to  the  presidency  of  Union  College,  which  office  he  has  ever 
since  filled.  During  the  past  season  a  new  edifice  has  been  erected  for 
the  use  of  the  congregation,  on  the  corner  of  Hudson  and  Philip  streets. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  ministers,  elders,  and  deacons  of  the  church, 
since  its  first  organization. 

MINISTERS. 

1763  Rev.  William  Hanna  continued  1795  Rev.  David  S.  Bogart  a  licen- 
till  1765.  j  tiate  from  the  Dutch  classis,  New 

Rev.  Andrew  Bay  continued  York,  supplied  the  pulpit  for 

five  years.  I  about  two  years. 

1785  Rev.  J.  McDonald  continued  1798  Rev.  Eliphalet  Nott  continued 
till  1795.  I  till  September,  1804, 


First  Presbyterian  Church. 


131 


1804  Rev.  John  B.  Romeyn  con- 
tinued till  October,  1808. 

1809  Rev.  William  Neill  continued 
till  August,  1816. 


1817  Rev.  Arthur  Jos.  Stansbury 
continued  till  June,  1821. 

1822  Rev.  Henry  R.  Weed  con- 
tinned  till  November,  1829. 

1830  Rev.  John  N.  Campbell. 


TRUSTEES. 


With  the  places  of  their  nativity  as  far  as  ascertained. 

1785  Robt.  Henry;  Matthew  Wat- 
son ;  Theodorus  Van  Wyck  Gra- 
ham ;  Danl  Mclntire,  Scotland; 
James  Boyd,  Scotland  ;  John  Ro- 
bison,  Scotland;  John  W.  Wen- 
dell, Boston  ;  Robt.  McClelland  ; 
Hunloke  Woodruff,  Elizabeth- 
town,  N.  Y. 

1787  James  Bloodgood  ;  Jas  Cald- 
well,  Ireland;  Abraham  Eights, 
New  York. 

1789  Richard  Sill;  Alex.   Chesnut. 

1790  Charles  R.  Webster,  Hartford 

1791  Enoch  Leonard. 

1792  John  V.  Henry,  Albany. 

1796  Elisha  Kane,  Dutchess  county ; 
Wm.  McClelland. 

1797  Francis  Bloodgood;  Geo  Pear- 
son. 

1799  James  Barkley;  John  Grant, 
Scotland. 

1801  Peter  Sharp;  John  Cuyler. 

1802  Gilbert  Stewart. 

1803  Wm.   P.    Beers,   N.  E.;  Wm 
Caldwell,  Albany ;  James  Kane, 
Dutchess  co. 

1804  Andrew  Brown. 

1805  Isaac  Hutton. 

1806  Tho.  Mather,  Lyme ;  George 
Webster,  Hartford. 

1807  Robert    R.    Henry,    Albany ; 


Eleazer  F.  Backus,  New  Haven  ; 
John  Boardman,  Weather sfieldj 
Hugh  Boyd,  Lansingburgh. 

1809  John  Woodworth,  Schodack. 

1810  Charles  Z.  Platt. 

1811  Wm.  Boyd,  Scotland. 
1813  Peter  Boyd,  Albany. 

1816  Isaiah  Townsend,  Orange  co  ; 
John  Marvin,  Lyme. 

1820  Wm.  James,  Ireland ;  Elisha 
Dorr,  Lyme. 

1821  Isaac  Hamilton  jWm.McHarg, 
Albany. 

1823  Willard  Walker,  S.  Brookneld. 

1824  Wm.  Fowler;  James  King. 

1832  Rufus  H.  King,  Ridgefield,  Ct. 

1833  Robert  Gilchrist. 

1835  Jatnes  McNaughton,  Scotland. 

1836  Levi  Philips,  Mass. 

1838  Andrew  E.  Brown,  Albany. 

1840  John  Gibson,  Albany. 

1841  Alden    March,    Mass.;    Benj. 
Tibbitts. 

1845  Isaiah     Townsend,     Albany ; 
Wm.  White.  Albany;  Wm.  Mitch- 
ell, Albany.' 

1846  Danl  Fry,  Albany. 

1847  Robert  Boyd,    Albany;   John 
D.  Hewson,  Albany. 

1848  Anthony  M.  Strong,  Albany; 
Wm.  C.  Durant. 


There  are  now  four  Presbyterian  churches  in  the  city.  It  is  proposed 
to  give  an  account  of  the  others  in  future,  if  the  necessary  facts  can  be 
procured. 


DEACONS. 


1786  James  Boyd,  John  Folsom. 

1794  Peter  McHench,  James  Chest- 
ney. 

1805  James  Hodge,  Andrew  Hoff- 
man. 

1812  Chester  Bulkley. 


1820  Stephen  J.  Rider,  Green  Hall. 
1823  Abraham  Covert. 
1832  Walter  R.  Morris. 

1836  Amos  Fassett. 

1837  Elihu    Russell,    William    G. 
Brown. 


132 


United  Presbyterian  Church. 


1819  John  Woodworth,  Theodorus 
Van    Wyck    Graham,    Timothy 
Fassett. 

1820  Peter  McHench.  Peter  Boyd. 
1823  Green  Hall,  Stephen  J.  Rider, 

Jo&iah  Sherman. 
183J  Israel  Williams. 
1837  Amos  Fassett,  Elias  Warner. 
1842  Elihu    Russell,    Daniel   Fry, 

Frederick  S.  Pease.  Thomas  Me- 

Mullen. 


1786  Matthew  Watson,  Robert  R. 
Henry,  Daniel  Mclntyre,  Peter 
Sim,  John  Boyd. 

1787  Joseph  New-land,  John  Fol- 
som. 

1790  Donald  McLeod,  Abraham 
Eights,  Hunloke  Woodruff. 

1794  James  Boyd,  Isaac  Hutton. 

1805  Elias  Willard,  Gilbert  Stew- 
art, John  Boardman. 

1812  Ananias  Platt,  Nehemiah  B. 
Bassett. 

Reminiscences. — At  the  ordination  of  Mr.  McDonald  in  1785,  the  society  gave  a  public 
dinner  to  the  three  ministers  who  ordained  him,  probably  to  give  eclat  to  (he  event.  The 
trustees  appropriated  the  seat  on  the  right  hand  of  the  main  door  to  the  nse  of  the  cor- 
poration, and  the  opposite  one  to  the  governor;  the  pew  on  the  right  hand  of  the  pulpit  to 
the  minister,  and  that  on  the  left  hand  to  the  elders  and  deacons.  The  clerk  was  allowed 
3s.  for  publishing  marriages,  and  6rf.  for  every  person  christened.  Three  pounds  ($7.- 
50,)  was  the  price  fixed  for  burying  an  adult  under  the  church,  and  3<>*.  for  a  person  un- 
der 14  years  of  age.  It  was  ordained  that  "children  must  behave  well?"  ami  courtesy 
was  enjoined  towards  strangers.  It  was  the  sexton's  duty  to  warn  persons  to  attend 
funerals,  and  to  walk  before  the  corpse,  for  which  he  was  allowed  a  fee  of  12s.  On  the 
4lh  of  January,  1790,  it  was  resolved  "that  1,000  coppers  be  stamped  church  penny,  and 
placed  in  the  hands  of  ibe  treasurer,  for  the  purpose  of  exchanging  with  the  congregation 
at  tho  rate  of  twelve  for  one  shilling,  in  order  to  add  respect  to  the  weekly  collections." 
The  Presbyterian  burying  ground  was  on  Hudson  street,  above  Pearl,  and  that  as  well 
as  the  church,  is  spoken  of  at  being  on  the  hill,  while  the  region  below  is  called  the  plains. 
On  the  17th  of  May,  i792,  Stephen  Lush  hud  Leonard  Gansevoort,  Jun..  conveyed  to 
the  trustees  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  "  the  lot  on  the  plains,"  in  consideration  of 
£110  ($275).  The  title  seems  to  have  been  considered  doubtful.  The  corporation  lease 
and  release  is  drawn  in  consideration  of  5a.  The  lot  is  thus  described  in  the  first  men- 
tioned lease:  "  a'urttintr  to  the  north  to  the  creek  or  kill  called  the  Fuyck's  kill;  to  the 
south  on  the  common  highway,  to  the  west  the  hills-,  and  lothe  east  Anthony  De  Hoage's." 
The  lot  was  used  for  a  stave  yard,  through  which  the  kill  passed,  and  still  passes,  about 
midway  under  the  church,  being  arched  over  as  a  drain.  The  entrance  into  Washington 
street,  as  it  was  then  called,  from  State  street,  was  through  a  gate,  which  was  taken  away 
some  years  later,  when  the  street  was  opened  to  its  present  width.  On  the  15th  of  July, 
1793,  the  trustees  decided  that  the  salary  of  the  precentor  Mr.  Me  Parian,  w  is  inade- 
quate, and  V)tcd  him  j£8  (S-0)  per  annum.  On  the  day  the  church  was  opened  for 
public  service,  the  Kev.  Dr.  Smith,  president  of  Union  College,  preached  two  sermons. 
A  call  had  been  given  to  the  Rev.  David  S.  Uogert,  of  the  city  of  New  York,  to  become 
the  pastor  of  the  church,  with  a  salary  of  81,000  per  annum.  At  a  subsequent  day,  in 
order  to  prevent  the  passing  of  vehicles  during  service,  the  trustees  procured  the  passage 
of  a  law  which  allowed  two  chains  to  be  stretched  across  the  street,  at  each  end  of  the 
church,  which  effectually  barricaded  it  to  all  but  foot  passengers.  The  chains  wer»  re- 
moved about  twenty  years  ago. 


UNITED  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH. 

Mr.  McDonald,  who  was  deposed  in  1795,  by  the  Presbytery  of  Al- 
bany, removed  to  Canada.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Presbytery  of  Montreal, 
Sept.  15,  1800,  he  was  restored  to  the  exercise  of  the  ministry,  and  in 
the  following  year  laid  the  foundation  of  an  edifice  on  the  corner  of 
Chapel  and  Canal  (then  Fox)  streets,  and  organized  a  church,  under 
the  name  of  the  United  Presbyterian  Church.  It  is  now  known  by 
another  title .  The  materials  for  its  history  were  not  fully  obtained  in 
season  for  this  publication. 


Bethel  for  Watermen. 


133 


fol 


BETHEL  FOR  WATERMEN. 

The  above  institution  commenced  its  operations  in  May,  1843,  in  the 
following  manner.  A  few  pious  persons,  who  were  convinced  that  boat- 
men had  been  too  long  neglected,  resolved  to  try  the  experiment  of  es- 
tablishing meetings  in  the  city  for  their  benefit.  They  procured  a  suit- 
able room  in  Stan  wix  Hall,  fitted  it  up  for  service,  and  invited  Rev.  John 
Miles,  a  Wesleyan  Methodist  minister,  to  labor  for  and  with  them.  Mr. 
Miles  accepted  the  invitation,  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office 
by  preaching  his  first  bethel  sermon  on  State  Street  Bridge,  Sabbath 
morning,  May  14, 1843,  from  Proverbs,  xi.;  30.  "  He  that  winneth  souls 
is  wise."  A.  board  of  managers  was  early  formed,  consisting  of  twelve, 
from  different  sections  of  the  Christian  church.  At  their  first  meeting, 
held  to  adopt  measures  to  sustain  the  cause,  the  following  preamble  and 
resolution  were  offered,  and  unanimously  adopted  :  "  From  a  conviction 
that  it  is  our  imperative  duty  to  do  good  unto  all  men,  even  1o  the  neg- 
lected boatmen,  sailors  and  strangers,  (as  many  such  persons  are  con- 
stantly arriving  in  our  city,)  we  the  undersigned  think  it  necessary  that 
something  should  be  done  in  their  behalf;  and  we  agree  to  form  ourselves 
into  a  board  of  managers  for  the  Albany  Bethel;  to  enact  laws  by  which 
it  shall  be  governed,  and  to  do  all  we  can  to  have  it  permanently  sus- 
tained.1' The  room  in  Stanwix  Hall  was  kept  but  one  year,  as  at  the 

12 


V 
134  Jewish  Synagogues. 

close  of  the  same,  Clark  Durant,  Esq.,  who  had  shown  himself  a  very 
warm  friend  of  the  undertaking,  by  contributing  liberally  towards  its 
support,  came  forward  and  purchased  the  neat  and  commodious  house 
Jately  occupied  by  the  Third  Presbyterian  Church,  for  which  he  paid 
$5000,  and  has  tendered  its  use  gratuitously,  so  long  as  it  can  be  sus- 
tained as  a  free  bethel.  The  building,  of  which  the  above  is  a  repre- 
sentation, is  situated  in  Montgomery  street,  between  Orange  and  Colum- 
bia streets;  its  dimensions  are  50  by  60  feet.  Mr.  Miles  is  still  the  chap- 
lain, faithful  and  devoted  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties.  The  meetings 
are  all  public,  and  the  seats  all  free.  The  Bethel  is  entirely  free  from 
any  sectarian  influence,  having  no  organized  church,  but  standing  en- 
tirely on  neutral  grou-nd.  It  is  supported  by  the  voluntary  subscriptions 
of  those  who  take  an  interest  in  the  spiritual  and  temporal  welfare  of 
watermen  and  the  stranger  within  our  gates.  There  is  also  a  sabbath 
school  connected  with  it,  which  was  commenced  in  June,  1844. 


JEWISH  SYNAGOGUES. 

There  are  two  Hebrew  congregations  in  this  city.  The  Bethel  Con- 
gregation consisted  originally  of  sixteen  members,  all  of  them  Germans, 
who  came  over  in  1837,  from  Europe,  and  after  having  been  for  a  short 
time  in  New  York,  they  settled  in  this  city  in  the  fall  of  1837.  Before 
that  time  there  were  very  few  Israelites  residing  in  Albany.  There  are 
now  more  than  100  members  in  the  congregation.  Their  place  of  wor- 
ship is  called  synagogue,  where  they  perform  their  service  in  the  Hebrew 
language.  Their  meeting  days  are  every  sabbath  or  Saturday,  and  be- 
sides on  thirteen  holidays  and  twenty-seven  half-holidays.  Their  first 
place  of  worship  was  in  Bassett  street,  but  on  the  2d  of  September,  1842, 
they  dedicated  a  new  synagogue  at  No.  76  Herkimer  street,  formerly  a 
church  belonging  to  the  Hibernian  Benevolent  Society  ;  which  cost,  after 
having  been  altered  and  repaired,  about  $3500.  There  is  one  minister 
or  rabbi  to  the  congregation,  who  is  elected  annually,  for  the  term  of 
one  year.  Mr.  Henry  Seehling  was  the  second  minister,  and  held  the 
place  about  five  years,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  the  present  incum- 
bent, Rabbi  Vise  Traub,  about  four  years  since. 

In  the  spring  of  the  year  1841,  three  members  and  eight  seat  holders 
quitted  the  Bethel  Congregation  and  commenced  a  new  society  under 
the  title  of  Beth  Jacob,~  which  counts  at  present  about  forty  members. 
Their  service  is  the  same  as  the  Bethel  Congregation.  They  met  at 
No.  8  Rose  street,  until  some  time  during  1848  they  erected  a  synagogue 
in  Fulton  street,  at  an  expense  of  $4,500.  The  officiating  minister  is 
Rabbi  Jacob  Newborgh. 

Each  congregation  has  a  separate  burial  ground.  There  is  also  a 
Mutual  Benefit  Society  of  Israelites  in  this  city,  to  which  nearly  all  the 
members  of  the  Bethel  Congregation  belong.  The  object  of  this  society 
is  to  support  the  poor  sick,  as  well  as  their  own  members,  and  to  give 
relief  to  the  families  of  the  poor  and  the  sick,  and  to  see  that  in  case  of 
death  the  corpse  is  properly  buried. 

The  Congregation,  as  well  as  the  Mutual  Benefit  Society,  are  sup- 
pc  rted  by  monthly  contributions  and  free  offerings. 


Society  of  Friends — Universalist  Church.  136 

SOCIETY  OF  FRIENDS. 

The  Society  of  Friends  in  the  city  of  Albany  first  met  for  religious 
worship  in  different  places,  where  they  could  obtain  suitable  rooms, 
from  1827  to  1833,  a  considerable  part  of  the  time  in  the  Lancastrian 
School  House,  in  Eagle  street,  by  permission  of  the  common  council. 
In  1835  they  became  an  organized  society,  and  built  a  meeting  house  on 
the  south  side  of  Plain  street,  below  Grand.  The  dimensions  of  the 
building  are  36  by  42  feet,  and  22  feet  walls  above  the  basement,  and 
seated  so  as  to  accommodate  about  four  hundred  persons.  It  has  a  large 
and  commodious  basement,  which  is  occupied  as  a  school  room.  The 
school  is  under  the  charge  of  a  member  of  the  society,  and  numbers 
about  50  pupils.  This  edifice  was  erected  by  the  Society  here,  with  the 
assistance  of  the  Yearly  Meeting  of  New  York,  at  an  expense  of  $5000. 

he  congregation  numbers  about  150  persons. 


UNIVERSALIST  CHURCH. 

There  was  preaching  occasionally  by  Universalist  clergymen  in  this 
city,  for  a  few  years  previous  to  1829.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  the  first 
Universalist  meeting  house  in  Albany  was  erected  on  Herkimer  street, 
being  a  temporary  wooden  building  50  by  27  feet.  Subsequently  it  was 
elevated  for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  basement  and  10^  feet  added  to 
its  depth;  it  then  had  cost  about  $1500.  On  the  1st  of  March,  1830,  a 
meeting  was  held  to  take  into  consideration  the  formation  of  a  Univer- 
salist Society,  when  it  was  resolved  to  form  one.  On  the  23d  of  March, 
1830,  the  first  Universalist  Society  in  the  city  of  Albany  was  organized, 
when  about  thirty  persons  signed  the  constitution,  which  contains  a 
confession  of  Christian  faith;  the  society  therefore  comprises  the  church. 
The  Rev.  Wm.  S.  Balch  commenced  his  labors  in  the  latter  part  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1830,  who,  in  consequence  of  poor  health,  removed  at  the  ex- 
piration of  three  months.  The  Rev.  Isaac  D.  Williamson  commenced 
his  labors  on  the  17th  of  June,  1830,  and  resigned  the  1st  of  May,  1837. 
The  brick  meeting  house  in  Green  street,  now  occupied  by  the  society, 
was  commenced  the  25th  of  July,  1833,  and  completed  in  August,  1834. 
It  is  a  substantial,  neat,  and  convenient  edifice,  80  by  48  feet,  construct- 
ed in  accordance  with  the  Grecian  Doric  order,  and  with  the  lot,  cost 
about  $14,000.  The  Rev.  Stephen  R.  Smith  commenced  his  labors  the 
18th  of  September,  1837,  and  left  the  society  on  the  1st  of  May,  1842; 
was  succeeded  by  Rev.  S.  B.  Britton,  who  left  the  society  in  April, 
1843,  after  which  the  Rev.  L.  B.  Mason  supplied  the  desk  until  the  fall 
of  1845,  when  he  left  in  consequence  of  ill  health.  The  society  was 
then  without  stated  preaching  until  the  spring  of  1846,  when  Rev.  S.  B. 
Brilton  returned  and  remained  for  one  year,  after  which  Rev.  R.  P. 
Ambler  preached  for  about  eight  months;  since  which  there  has  been 
no  settled  pastor  until  November  1st,  1848,  when  Rev.  W.  H.  Waggoner 
was  engaged  as  pastor,  and  installed  on  the  20th  of  December.  There 
is  a  Sunday  school  attached  to  the  society,  consisting  of  more  than  one 
hundred  scholars.  The  library  consists  of  200  volumes,  of  very  care- 
a  lly  selected  books.  The  congregation  numbers  about  four  hundred, 
nd  has  sixty  communicants, 


136 


Plan  of  Albany,  1695. 

w 


E 

PLAN  OF  ALBANY,  1695. 

1.  The  Fort.  I    7.  Blockhouses. 

2.  Dutch  Calvinist  Church.    Dr.  Dellius      8.  Stadt  House. 

pastor.  j    9.  A  great  Gun  to  clear  a  gull&y. 

3.  German  Lutheran  Church.  10.  Stockade. 

4.  Its  buryin?  place.  11.  City  Gates,  six  in  aJJ. 

5.  Dutch  Calvinist  burying  place. 


Ancient  Albany.  13? 


ANCIENT  ALBANY. 

The  denizens  of  this  ancient  city  know  by  tradition  that  it  was  for- 
merly protected  against  the  incursions  of  the  French  and  Indians,  by  pa- 
lisades, a  kind  of  fortification,  consisting  of  upright  posts  planted  firmly 
ia  the  ground,  and  peculiar  in  the  manner  of  its  use  to  the  settlements 
of  this  country.  Occasionally  in  making  excavations,  the  relics  of  these 
ancient  wooden  walls  are  met  with,  but  from  the  difficulty  we  have  had 
in  gathering  authentic  oral  information  about  the  limits  which  they  de- 
scribed, we  are  inclined  to  believe  that  few  if  any  ut  this  day  can  give  a 
satisfactory  account  of  them.  The  accompanying  diagram  shows  the  line 
of  these  old  defences.  It  is  not  known  whether  it  was  drawn  after  any 
accurate  survey,  but  could  hardly  have  been  otherwise,  from  its  corres- 
pondence with  the  same  portion  of  the  city  at  the  present  day.  We  can 
see  how  the  curvatures  and  diagonal  lines  presented  by  our  streets  had 
their  rise  in  the  course  of  the  protecting  enclosure,  which  latter  was  run 
to  correspond  with  the  declivities  on  either  side  of  the  high  ground  upon 
which  this  part  of  the  city  stands,  and  terminating  in  a  regular  fort  at 
Lodge  street.  It  was  drawn  in  1695,  by  the  Rev.  John  Miller,  a  chap- 
lain in  the  British  army,  and  is  unquestionably  a  true  picture  of  the 
form  and  boundaries  of  the  city  a  century  and  a  half  ago — reaching 
from  Hudson  to  Steuben  street  on  Broadway,  and  from  the  river  west  to 
Lodge  street.  A  more  extended  line  of  palisades  was  afterwards  con- 
structed, bounded  by  Hamilton  street  on  the  south,  and  crossing  Broad- 
way on  the  north  at  the  house  occupied  by  the  late  venerable  Abraham 
Van  Vechten,  a  little  north  of  Orange  and  Van  Tromp  streets.  The 
north  gate  was  placed  there,  and  was  a  local  name  as  late  as  the  be- 
ginning of  the  present  century,  dividing  the  city  of  Albany  from  the 
Colonie,  which  was  a  separate  town,  until  the  year  1815,  when  a  por- 
tion of  it  was  annexed,  and  called  the  fifth  ward.  It  was  a  century 
after  this  draft  of  the  city  was  made  before  it  began  to  increase  very 
rapidly  in  population,  since  which  it  has  expanded  around  this  nucleus, 
"  as  from  a  stroke  of  the  enchanter's  wand." 

The  following  is  the  description  given  of  Albany  in  1695,  by  the  author 
alluded  to  : 

"  As  the  city  of  New  York  is  the  chief  place  of  strength  belonging  to 
this  province  for  its  defence  against  those  enemies  who  come  by  sea,  so 
Albany  is  of  principal  consideration  against  those  who  come  by  land, 
the  French  and  Indians  of  Canada.  It  is  distant  from  New  York  150 
miles,  and  lies  up  Hudson's  river  on  the  west  side,  on  the  descent  of  a 
hill  from  the  west  to  the  eastward.  It  is  in  circumference  about  six 
furlongs,  and  hath  therein  about  200  houses,  a  fourth  part  of  what  there 
is  reckoned  to  be  in  New  York.  The  form  of  it  is  septangular,  and  the 
longest  line  that  which  buts  upon  the  river,  running  from  the  north  to 
the  south.  On  the  west  ansle  is  the  fort,  quadrangular,  strongly 
stockaded  and  ditched  round,  having  in  it  twenty  one  pieces  of  ordnance 
mounted.  On  the  north-west  side  are  two  "blockhouses,  and  on  the 
south  west  as  many  :  on  the  south-east  angle  stands  one  blockhouse; 
in  the  middle  of  the  line  from  thence  northward  is  a  horned  work,  and 
on  the  north-east  angle  a  mount.  The  whole  city  is  well  stockaded 
round,  and  in  the  several  fortifications  named  are  about  thirty  guns." 


13S 


City 


CITY  OF  ALBANY. 

Albany  enjoys  an  eligible  sitnatioo  on  the  west  hank  of  the 
river,  near  the  head  of 'tide  water.  Its  mtitnde  is  42=  39*  3*  north ;  its 
lomntndeT??  3T  west  of  Greenwich,  and  ^  IS  east  of  Washington. 
The  city  of  New  York  is  distent  meridional  IT  1354  miles;  by  the  road 
on  the  west  side  of  the  river  145  miles  ;  by  the  river  a  little  less.  The 
distance  of  Boston  is  164  miles;  of  Montreal,  230;  of  Washington,  37O- 
The  city  appears  to  great  advantage  from  the  river,  having  n 


rapidly  from  the  bank,  and 

Its  habitations  oeeapy  the  alluvial  valley  of  the 
rter  of  a  mile  in  width,  and  ascend  three  hills  of 
14*  feel  elevation,  separated  by  deep  valleys,  throng*  which  eon. 


c:   waier 


kin,  and  the  Beaver  kflL 


formerly  ran,  known  as  the  Foxen  kin,  the 
kflL     The  view  from  either  of  the  heights 


is  pietaresane;  to  the  north  may  be  seen  the  city  of  Troy  and  ad 
villages,  and  in  the  distance  the  hills  of  Vermont.  Totheeastthe 
Ural  extent  of  conntry  lying  beyond  the  Hudson  river;  and  to  the 


nntry  lying  beyond 
and  the  Catskiil 


with  the  river  lowm?  at 
the  arrival  of  white  men,  it  was  known  to  the 
•  wMBlmj  nftfctMwhwwtvtnfce  lamecf. 

the 
wheW  the'aty  of  Sehenectndy 

as  being  over  the  plains  from  Albany The  first  Ea- 

ei  which  is  known  to  have  penetrated  this  resion,  was  the 


in  Sept,  1609.     A 

to  have  moored  at  tome  point  on  whi 
Several  Dntch  navigators  followed  daring  the  next  three  or  fov 
and  erected  trading  honses  at  Albany  and  New  York,  for  tha 
"  roikrting  fare  of  the  Indmns.  Our  city,  therefore,  is,  next 
wn,  Ya.,  the  ofcirrt  colony  in  the  Union.  One  of  the  early 
thistramc,wasQendrickCarTStance(or 


City  of  Albany.  139 

whom  a  fort  was  erected  in  1614,  on  the  island  below  the  city.,  known 
as  Marten  Gerritsen's  or  Castle  Island,  Boyd's  island,  etc.  This  island, 
which  contains  about  70  acres,  will  soon  be  difficult  to  identify,  having 
been  several  years  ago  connected  with  the  main  land  at  the  north  end 
by  an  embankment,  and  the  narrow  inlet  behind  it,  is  rapidly  filling  up. 
That  fort  appears  on  the  Figurative  Map  made  in  1616,  found  by  Mr. 
Broadhead  in  Holland.  It  was  a  stockade,  50  feet  square,  encircled  by 
a  ditch  18  feet  wide,  and  was  defended  by  2  pieces  of  cannon,  and  1 1  stone 
guns,  and  garrisoned  by  12  men  under  Jacob  Jacobs  Elkens.  The  trading 
house  within  the  fort  was  36  by  26  feet.  When  it  was  carried  away  by 
the  spring  freshet  in  1617,  a  spot  was  chosen  near  the  outlet  of  the  Nor- 
man's kill  and  a  fort  erected  there.  That  place  was  abandoned  in  1623, 
and  a  new  fort  built  in  what  is  now  Broadway,  at  the  new  steam  boat 
landing,  near  the  site  of  the  Fort  Orange  Hotel.  The  fort  mounted 
eight  large  cannon,  called  by  the  Dutch  stone  gestucken,  by  which  it  is 
understood  that  they  were  loaded  with  stones  instead  of  iron  balls.  It 
was  named  Fort  Orange,  in  honor  of  the  Prince  of  Orange,  who  then 
presided  over  the  Netherlands.  This  fort  was  intended  to  afford  con- 
venient accommodations  for  traffic  with  the  Indians,  and  to  serve  as  a 
protection  against  sudden  attacks  from  them.  It  was  only  occupied 
during  the  autumn  and  winter  by  the  traders,  who  as  yet  made  no  at- 
tempts at  colonization In  1630,  the  commissary  of  the  Dutch  West 

India  Company,  purchased  of  the  Indians  two  tracts  on  the  west  side  of 
the  river,  for  Ktliaen  Van  Rensselaer,  a  wealthy  pearl  merchant  of  Am- 
sterdam. The  territory  thus  acquired  included  the  fort,  and  the  same 
year  a  number  of  colonists  sailed  from  the  Texel  with  their  families, 
provided  with  farming  implements,  stock,  and  all  other  necessaries,  and 
arrived  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  on  the  24th  of  May,  after  a  passage  of 
sixty-four  days.  On  their  arrival  at  Fort  Orange,  they  were  provided 
with  humble  accommodations  in  the  vicinity.  The  names  of  the  settlers 
that  arrived  this  year,  are  given  by  Dr.  O'Callaghan,  in  his  History  of 
New  Netherland,  vol.  1,  p.  433,  as  follows:  Wolfert  Gerritsen,  super- 
intendent of  farms.  Rutger  Hendricksen  van  Soest,  superintendent  of 
the  brewery.  Seger  Hendricksen  van  Soest,  shepherd  and  plowman. 
Brandt  Peelen  van  Nieukerke,  schepen;  he  died  in  1644;  his  descendants 
take  the  name  of  Brandt.  Simon  Dircksen  Pos.  Jan  Tyssen,  trumpeter, 
Andries  Carstenssen,  millwright.  Laurens  Laurcnssen  and  Barent  TO- 
massen,  sawyers.  Arendt  van  Curler,  commissary.  Jacob  Jansen  Stol; 
succeeded  Hendrick  Albertsen  as  ferrymaster.  Martin  Gerrittsen  van 
Bergen  ;  he  had  a  lease  of  Castle  Island,  in  1668,  which  afterwards  took 
his  name.  Claes  Arissen.  Roeloff  Jansen  van  Maesterlandt,  wife  and 
family;  came  out  as  farmer  to  the  patroon  at  $72  a  year.  Claes  Claessen, 
his  servant.  Jacques  Spierinck,  Jacob  Govertsen,  Raynert  Harmensen, 
and  Bastiaen  Jansen  Krol.  Albert  Andriessen  Bradt,  de  Noorman.  It 
was  from  him  that  the  Norman's  kill  takes  its  name,  the  water  privilege 
of  which  he  leased;  as  well  as  a  large  farm  situated  on  that  stream, 
which  fell  into  the  hands  of  Teunis  Slingerland,  who  married  his 

daughter,  Engeltje Seven  years  later  (1637)  Mr.  Van   Rensselaer 

purchased  the  tract  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  "  for  certain 
quantities  of  duffels,  axes,  knives  and  wampum,"  and  thus  became  the 
proprietor  of  a  tract  of  country  24  miles  along  the  river,  and  48  in  extent, 
east  and  west.  Over  this  extensive  tract  he  possessed  all  the  authority 


140  City  of  Albany. 

of  a  sovereign,  and  made  a  large  outlay  for  its  settlement,  giving  it  the 
name  ol'Rensselaerswyck.  The  administration  of  justice  and  the  man- 
agement of  its  finaacial  affairs  he  committed  to  the  care  of  a  commissary 
general.  Fortunate  in  the  selection  of  these,  his  colony  prospered 
much  more  than  that  at  New  Amsterdam,  and  it  was  to  the  good  offices 
of  Van  Curler,  or  Corlear,  the  first  commissary,  that  the  colonists  at 
New  Amsterdam  were  in'debled  more  than  once,  for  their  preservation 

from  the  hands  of  the  Indians In  1642  Mr.  Van  Rensselaer  sent 

over  the  Rev.  Johannes  Megapolensis  as  minister  of  Rensselaerswjck, 
at  his  private  expense.  It  is  not  certain  that  he  visited  the  colony  him- 
self. He  died  in  1646,  and  the  estate  descended  to  bis  son  Johannes, 
then  a  minor;  between  whose  agent  and  Gov.  Stuyvesant  serious  diffi- 
culties occurred,  which  it  was  necessary  to  refer  to  the  states  general  of 
Holland  for  arbitration In  1664  the  province  came  into  the  pos- 
session of  the  English,  when  the  name  of  Beverwyck,  by  which  it  had 
been  known,  was  changed  to  Albany,  that  being  one  of  the  titles  of  the 
Duke  of  York.  It  had  also  been  equally  well  known  as  Williamstadt, 
Fort  Orange,  and  the  Fuyck,  which  latter  signifies  the  bend  in  the  river. 
Fort  Orange  was  built  in  1623,  an  I  Williamstadt  in  1647  at  the  head  of 
State  street.  The  right  of  soil  was  confirmed  to  the  patroon  by  a  new 

patent,  but  the  government  was  retained  in  the  hands  of  the  colony In 

1686,  Gov.  Dongan  granted  a  charter  to  the  citieeas  of  Albany.  At  first 
a  trading  station,  then  a  hamlet,  next  a  village,  it  was  now  dignified  with 
the  title  of  city.  It  has  finally  become  the  capital  of  the  state — the 
EMPIRE  STATE!  The  charter  gave  the  city  an  area  of  one  mile  in  width 
on  the  river,  and  extendins  in  a  north-west  direction,  at  the  same 
width,  thirteen  and  a  half  miles,  to  the  north  line  ofthe  manor  of  Rens- 
selaerswyck;  containing  7,160  acres.  Peter  Schuyler,  the  friend  of  the 
Indians,  was  namesl  the  first  mayor,  and  the  first  common  council  con- 
sisted of  the  following  persons:  Peter  Schuyler,  mayor;  Isaac  Swinton, 
recorder;  Robert  Livingston,  town  clerk;  Dirk  Wessels,  Jan  Jans 
Bleecker,  David  Schuyler,  Johannes  Wendell,  Lavinus  Van  Schaick, 
Adrian  Gerritsen  aldermen;  Joachim  Staats,  John  Lansingh,  Isaac  Ver- 
planck,  Lawrence  Van  Ale,  Albert  Ryckman,  Melgert  Wynantse,  assist- 
ant aldermen;  Jan  Bleecker,  chamberlain;  Richard  Pretty,  sheriff; 
James  Parker,  marshall The  Schuyler  family,  for  several  genera- 
tions, exerted  a  powerful  influence  over  the  Indians.  In  all  the  treaties 
with  them  the  city  of  Albany  bore  a  conspicuous  part;  and  so  entirely 
had  they  won  the  confidence  of  the  savages,  that  from  the  date  of  its 
settlement,  it  was  never  invaded  by  a  hostile  tribe;  although,  in  1689, 
when  the  citizens  refused  to  submit  to  the  administration  of  Leisler  and 
Milborne,  they  yielded  allegiance  through  fear  of  an  Indian  invasion. 
....During  the  revolution,  the  Albany  committee  nobly  sustained  their 
countrymen  in  the  struggle.  Burgoyne  had  boasted,  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  campaign,  that  his  army  should  revel  upon  the  spoils  of 
Albany;  but  he  only  visited  the  city  as  a  captive.  Sir  Henry  Clinton 
twice  attempted  to  invade  it,  but  met  with  sufficient  obstacles  to  prevent 

his  success In  1795  the  town  of  Colonie  was  annexed,  forming 

the  fifth  ward.  It  became  the  capital  of  the  slate  in  1807.  Since  the 
introduction  of  steam  boats  and  the  completion  of  the  canals,  the  growth 
of  the  city  has  been  rapid,  and  the  lines  of  rail  roads,  which  connect  it 
with  Boston  and  Buffalo,  are  giving  it  a  still  greater  impulse.  From  its 


City  of  Albany.  141 

central  position,  Albany  forms  a  kind  of  natural  entrepot  between  New 
York  and  a  vast  interior  country,  comprising  the  Canadas,  part  of  Ohio, 
Michigan,  Illinois,  and  even  Wisconsin  and  Iowa,  on  the  one  side,  and 
parts  of  the  New  England  states  on  the  other.  Flour  and  other  agri- 
cultural products  form  the  principal  articles  of  export.  The  city  has 
about  120  streets,  and  is  divided  into  ten  wards.  Its  population,  by  the 
last  census,  was  41,139.  Each  ward  elects  two  aldermen  who,  together 

with    the   mayor   and  recorder,    form  the  Common  Council The 

architecture  of  the  city  has  undergone  a  very  great  change  in  the 
last  30  years.  Many  of  the  public  and  private  buildings  of  Albany  are 
now  of  an  elegant  and  costly  character.  The  Capitol,  occupied  for  legis- 
lative purposes,  the  state  courts  and  the  state  library;  the  State  Hall, 
erected  for  the  accommodation  of  the  public  officers;  the  City  Hall,  oc- 
cupied for  city  and  county  business,  and  the  Albany  Academy,  all  face 
the  public  square  at  the  head  of  State  street,  and  the  foot  of  Washington 
street.  A  few  rods  south  of  these  is  the  County  Jail,  and  the  Medical 
College,  in  Eagle  street.  The  Female  Academy  is  a  handsome  edifice, 
situated  in  North  Pearl  street.  The  Albany  Exchange  is  situated  at  the 
foot  of  State  street.  The  Orphan  Asylum  is  located  one  mile  west  of 
the  City  Hall ;  and  the  Penitentiary  near  Lydius  street  on  the  Delaware 
turnpike.  These  will  be  more  fully  described  in  another  place,  as  well 
as  the  churches,  and  other  important  buildings The  trade,  com- 
merce and  manufactures  of  Albany  are  important,  and  rapidly  increas- 
ing. Its  iron  foundries  are  among  the  largest  in  the  country.  More 
stoves  are  manufactured  here,  than  in  any  other  city  or  town  in  the 
Union.  It  has  extensive  manufactories  of  pianofortes,  leather, 
coaches,  sleighs,  hats,  caps  and  bonnets,  the  three  latter  to  the  amount 
of  nearly  a  million  of  dollars  a  year.  In  addition  to  the  above,  the 
Albany  Nail  Works,  near  Troy,  the  most  extensive  establishment  of  the 
kind  in  America,  are  principally  owned  in  Albany,  as  also  an  extensive 
satinet  factory,  and  flouring  mills  on  the  Patroon's  creek.  The  Erie 
and  Champlain  canals,  which  form  a  junction  eight  miles  above,  enter 
the  Hudson  at  the  north  end  of  the  city,  where  a  capacious  basin  has 
been  formed,  of  more  than  a  mile  in  length,  by  means  of  a  pier  inclosing 
a  part  of  what  was  anciently  termed  the  Fuyck,  or  bend  in  the  river,  of 
32  acres  area,  affording  a  winter  harbor  for  boats,  as  well  as  safe  pro- 
tection to  vessels  navigating  the  river  or  canals,  and  commodious  wharf- 
age. The  Mohawk  and  Hudson  rail  road,  among  the  first  roads  built  in 
the  country,  and  connected  with  the  Utica  and  Schenectady,  and  Saratoga 
andSchenectady  rail  roads,  terminates  at  Albany.  The  Albany  and  West 
Stockbridge  rail  road  connects  with  the  Western  rail  road  at  the  stale  line, 
between  Massachusetts  and  New  York,  forming  a  continuous  line  of  rail 
roads  from  Albany  to  Boston.  The  termination  of  these  rail  roads  and 
canals  at  Albany,  renders  it  the  centre  of  trade  and  transhipment,  and  has 
opened  to  the  enterprise  of  her  merchants  and  artisans  an  extent  of 
country  unsurpassed  in  its  wealth  and  resources.  In  1832  a  company 
was  incorporated  with  a  capital  of  three  millions,  1o  connect  Albany 
with  New  York  by  a  rail  road  on  the  margin  of  the  river,  but  it  was 
not  until  1847  that  efficient  measures  were  taken  to  carry  out  that  great 
project,  when  a  new  charter  was  granted  by  the  legislature,  the  stock 
subscribed,  and  a  portion  of  the  road  is  already  constructed,  and  will  be 
jn  operation  over  a  considerable  length  of  it  in  1849. 


142 


County  of  Albany. 


COUNTY  OF  ALBANY. 

Albany  county  was  organized  under  Gov.  Dongan,  in  1683,  when  it 
comprised  the  whole  of  the  state  north  and  west  of  Dutchess  and  Ulster 
counties,  and  part  of  Vermont.  In  1757,  the  number  of  taxable  inhabitants 
was  3,800;  in  1767,  5,014;  and  in  1786,  after  several  counties  had  been 
set  off,  72,360.  In  1772  a  very  large  tract  was  severed  and  took  the  name 
of  Montgomery  county,  out  of  which  a  good  many  counties  have  since 
been  formed.  In  the  same  year  Washington  county  was  also  set  off  on  the 
east  side  of  the  Hudson.  On  the  4th  of  April,  1786,  an  act  passed  the 
legislature,  erecting  the  southeast  part  of  the  county  of  Albany  into  a  new 
county,  by  the  name  of  Columbia.  In  1788,  Clinton  county  was  formed 
from  the  northern  extremity  whose  census  in  1790  was  1222  !  and  that  of 
Columbia  county  27,552,  of  which  1630  were  slaves.  The  following  is  a 
table  of  the  towns  which  comprised  the  county  of  Albany  in  1790,  and  the 
census  of  each ;  the  orthography  is  also  preserved. 


Towns. 

Males. 

Females. 

Slaves. 

Total. 

1,467 

1,467 

572 

3  506 

Water.  Vliet,  

3,456 

3.481 

730 

7,667 

Rensselaerwyck,  

3,972 

3,504 

572 

8,048 

Stephentown  

3  652 

3  362 

28 

7  042 

979 

936 

154 

2,069 

Duansburgh,  

787 

704 

4 

1,495 

1  979 

,871 

467 

4  317 

1,542 

,455 

36 

3,033 

1,818 

.668 

121 

3,607 

1  626 

488 

302 

3  416 

1,625 

,394 

62 

3,081 

Cattskill,  

836 

844 

308 

1,988 

Ballston  ,  

3  640 

3,117 

66 

6,823 

786 

694 

137 

1,617 

2,515 

2,404 

48 

4  967 

Stillwater  

1,559 

1,428 

65 

3  052 

1  266 

1  179 

57 

2  502 

1,260 

1.134 

31 

2  425 

873 

869 

6 

1  748 

Rensselaer-Ville,.  

1  450 

1  316 

\l 

2  777 

37,0>'8 

34,315 

3.777 

75,180 

It  was  ascertained  that  the  county  of  Ontario  at  the  same  time  exceeded 
three  thousand!  In  1791,  the  legislature  divided  Albany  into  three  ooun. 
ties,  Albany,  Rensselaer  and  Saratoga.  By  this  arrangement,  the  popula. 
tion  of  Albany  was  28,192,  Rensselaer  29,634,  and  Saratoga  17,463. 
The  rapidly  increasing  population  of  the  state  required  the  division  of  the 
other  large  counties  which  had  been  formed  by  the  dismemberment  of 
Albany ;  the  counties  of  Tioga,  Otsego  and  Herkimer  were  cut  off  from 
Montgomery,  in  portions  that  afterwards  admitted  of  subdivisions.  In  1794 


'  "1 


County  of  Albany.  145 

the  legislature  had  in  contemplation  a  design  to  take  another  corner  from 
Albany  county ;  but  at  the  adjournment  of  that  body,  it  remained  in  the 
senate,  which  passed  a  resolution  at  its  close,  that  the  further  considera- 
tion of  the  bill  entitled  "An  act  to  erect  certain  lands  into  a  separate 
county  by  the  name  of  Delaware/'  be  postponed  until  the  next  session. 
The  boundaries  of  the  proposed  county  described  in  the  bill  are  curious : 
"  All  that  part  of  the  counties  of  Albany,  Ulster  and  Otsego,  beginning  at 
the  Susquehanna  river,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Unadilla,  and  running  from 
thence  along  the  division  line,  between  the  counties  of  Otsego  and  Tioga 
southerly,  to  the  mouth  of  a  brook  called  Aughquago,  which  runs  into 
Delaware  river  near  a  place  called  the  Cook  house ;  and  thence  down  the 
said  river  to  a  place  ten  miles  below  Shohakin,  measured  along  the  said 
river  as  it  runs,  and  thence  northeasterly  to  the  mouth  of  a  creek  called  the 
East  kill,  which  runs  into  the  Schoharie  kill;  and  up  the  middle  of  the 
Stony  kill  to  the  head  thereof,  to  a  hemlock  tree  marked  with  the  letters 
W.  I.  I.  W.,  and  thence  northwest  to  the  Adiquataygie  or  Charlotte 
river;  and  thence  down  the  middle  thereof  to  the  Susquehanna  river; 
and  thence  down  the  middle  of  the  same  to  the  place  of  beginning,  shall 
be  and  hereby  is  erected  into  a  separate  county  by  the  name  of  Delaware." 
This  county  was  not  formed  until  1797,  when  it  was  taken  wholly  from 
Otsego  and  Tioga.  The  county  of  Albany  then  comprised  the  following 
towns:  Albany,  Schenectady,  Catskill,  Coxsackie,  Schoharie,  Berne, 
Coeymans,  Bethlehem,  Rensselaerville,  Watervliet,  Duanesburgh,  Free- 
hold. The  number  of  electors  in  the  city  was  765;  in  the  county,  6087. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  taxable  inhabitants  of  the  towns  in  the 
county  of  Albany,  in  July,  1795 » 


Albany, 806 

Watervliet, 573 

Coxsackie, 600 

Catskill 354 

Freehold,, 524 

Coeymans, 354 


Bethlehem, 350 

Rensselaerville, 495 

Schohary 507 

Duanesburgh, 400 

Berne, 386 

Schenectady, 747 


In  1809,  the  corporation  of  the  city  of  Schenectady  applied  to  the  legis- 
lature for  another  division  of  Albany  county,  taking  the  city  of  Schenec- 
tady, the  towns  of  Duanesburgh,  and  Princetown,  and  so  much  of  the  town 
of  Watervliet  as  lay  beyond  the  manor  line.  On  a  division  of  the  house 
there  were  8  in  favor  of  the  new  county.  This  was  the  final  subdivision, 
leaving  the  county  as  it  now  stands,  when  it  consisted  of  Albany,  Coey- 
mans, Watervliet,  Rensselaerville,  Berne,  Colonie,  Bethlehem,  and  Guil- 
derland.  Some  of  these  have  been  subdivided,  and  otherwise  altered,  but 
the  territory  is  believed  to  be  the  same.  Its  boundaries  will  be  seen  on  the 
accompanying  map.  It  consists  of  the  following  towns,  with  the  date  of 
their  incorporation : 


1686  Albany 
1688  Watervliet 

1790  Rensselaerville 

1791  Coeymans 
1793  Bethlehem 


1795  Berne 

1803  Guilderland 

1815  Westerlo 

1822  Knox 

1832  New  Scotland. 


j/yd  uetmenem  isdz  IN ew  Scotland. 

The  greatest  length  of  the  county  is  28  miles ;  breadth  21 ;  containing 

13 


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•frriUfl  water  paver 
fall  »  the  Coboe»7  hariog 


E 


visitors  from  all 

»  is  140 

ofspiadles,wiiAallthe 
statistics  of 


o/  <4/&<my.  147 

abo  Bearhr  extbgtttthed.    The  principal  water- 
a  perpeadknilir  JMeiat  of  Dearly  70  feet,  pot- 


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TW  total  fcl/oftbe  Mo- 
to  propel  at  lea*  one 


The  statistics  of  the  county,  a*  presented  by  the  last 


1 


City  of  Albany, 
Bethlehem,  ... 

Bern. 


• 

New  Scotland, 


WesterJo, 

Watery  Uet,  .. 


2,3*7 
27,647 
29,293 
22,179 
19,5*1 
2  ^ 
20,2*1 

i  m 

23,303 


1? 


M,734 


34.630 
26>70 


!i  M  •  ,<  a 

,750( 


41,20* 
39,420 


,501 
,079 

,«w 

,821 

,  MB 


29,670,  5,672 


,565 
,790 
,473 
,494 

,082 
,601 

,768 
.  1C 
5,537 


41,139 
3,315 
3,667 
2,978 
2,995 
2,161 
I,  « 
I,  M 

gs 

11,209; 


7^77 
705 

M 

681 
682 
500 
754 

Mi 

2  m 


l  ** 

775 
|,M3 

767 
694 
612 

K^3 

1'S 

i-,  no 


Cityof 


CoeymaM, . 
GaiJderlaad, 


K»ox,.... 
New  Scotland,. 


Wester  lo 
WalerrJtel, 


laerv 


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§ 

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Mttltt  12    1     9 


i 


148        Assembly  Districts — A  Remarkable  Winter. 


1  Medical  College 
3  Academies 

40  lunatics 
26,840  neat  cattle 

2  Female  Seminaries 

13.939  milch  cows 

1  Normal  School 

10,780  horses 

160  Inns 

66,536  sheep 

172  Wholesale  stores 

32,870  hogs 

642  retail            do 

28,921  acres  oats 

478  groceries 

624,038  bush,  do  harvested 

2  oil  mills 

15,705  acres  rye 

15  iron  works 

163,894  bush,  harvested 

1  distillery 

10.250  acres  corn 

2  asheries 

208-254  bush,    do    harvested 

7  breweries 

5,341  acres  wheat 

46  manufactories 

44,149  bush,    do    harvested 

1  paper  mill 

421  acres  flax 

1  clover  mill 

34,984  Ibs.  raised 

3  oil  cloth  factories 

5,762  acres  potatoes 

9  rope  factories 

404.594  bush,  raised 

4558  farmers 

173  acres  turnips 

858  merchants 

12,219  bush,  raised 

203  manufactories 

10,973  acres  buckwheat 

4729  mechanics 

183.274  bush,  raised 

187  attorneys 

491  acres  beans 

88  clergymen 

•«  A  Ct          U          •      ' 

4,487  bush,  raised 

142  physicians 
9  Indians 

3,522  acres  peas 
51,252  bush,  raised 

26  blind 
15  deaf  and  dumb 

7,603  acres  barley 
120,978  bush,  raised 

ASSEMBLY  DISTRICTS. 

The  city  and  county  of  Albany  is  divided  into  four  districts,  as  follows: 

1st  List. — First  and  second  wards  of  Albany,  towns  of  Bethlehem, 
Coeymans,  Westerlo  and  Rensselaerville. 

2d  Dist. — Tenth  ward  of  Albany,  towns  of  Guilderland,  New  Scot- 
land,  Knox  and  Berne. 

Zd  Dist.— Third,  fourth,  fifth,  sixth  and  eighth  wards  of  Albany. 

4th  Disf .-— Seventh  and  ninth  wards  of  Albany,  and  town  of  Water- 
Tliet. 


A  REMARKABLE  WINTER. 

A  meteorological  table  was  kept  for  the  month  of  January,  1802,  and 
published  in  the  Gazette,  by  which  it  appears  that  the  lowest  range  of 
the  thermometer  was  10  deg.,  and  the  highest  55^  deg.  above  zero.  The 
winter  was  so  remarkably  mild  as  to  have  more  the  appearance  of 
April;  the  river  was  navigable  17  days,  so  that  vessels  passed  from 
Albany  to  New  York,  and  at  no  time  was  the  ice  strong  enough  for  any 
team  to  pass  on  it,  and  not  more  than  !£  inches  of  snow  fell  within  two 
miles  of  the  city  during  the  months  of  December  and  January, 


Albany  County  Penitentiary. 


149 


ALBANY  COUNTY  PENITENTIARY. 

This  establishment  is  located  near  the  junction  of  Lydius  street  with 
the  Delaware  turnpike,  about  half  a  mile  distant  in  a  westerly  direction 
from  the  Capitol.  The  lands  belonging  lo  it  include  four  entire  squares, 
as  laid  down  upon  the  city  map,  and  contain  between  ten  and  twelve 
acres.  The  buildings  occupy  a  beautiful  and  commanding  elevation, 
facing  eastward,  and  present  an  imposing  appearance.  As  will  be  seen 
by  the  engraving,  they  comprise  a  centre  building,  three  stories  high 
besides  the  basement,  50  feet  front  and  75  in  depth;  and  two  wings, 
each  100  feet  long  and  50  feet  wide,  exclusive  of  the  octagonal  towers 
"which  flank  them.  The  interior  of  the  south  wing  forms  a  spacious 
hall,  98  feet  long,  46  feet  wide,  and  32  feet  high,  in  the  centre  of  which 
is  a  massive  block  of  96  cells,  four  tiers  in  height,  with  stair  cases  and 
surrounding  galleries.  These  cells  are  each,  in  the  inside,  7  feet  by  4, 
and  7  feet  high,  supplied  with  iron  bed  steads  and  other  necessary  fur- 
niture. Each  cell  has  a  separate  and  distinct  ventilator.  The  doors  are 
made  of  round  iron  bars,  which  when  closed  admit  nearly  as  much  air 
and  light  as  when  open.  The  hall  is  also  well  ventilated,  spacious,  light 
and  airy.  Besides  these,  there  are  10  larger  cells  in  the  octagon  towers; 
making  in  all  106  cells.  This  wing  is  appropriated  exclusively  to  male 
convicts.  In  the  north  wing,  occupied  by  the  females,  is  a  block  of  40 
cells,  similar  to  those  just  described,  with  8  larger  ones  in  the  towers, 
corresponding  with  those  in  the  southern  octagons,  making  a  total  of  48 
cells.  The  remainder  of  this  wing  is  divided  into  work  rooms  for  the 
women,  and  for  various  other  uses.  The  whole  prison  contains  154 
cells,  or  dormitories,  of  which  about  144  are  used  for  ordinary  purposes. 
The  number,  however,  can  be  increased  from  time  to  time  as  occasion 
may  require.  The  front  portion  of  the  central  building  is  appropriated 
to  the  residence  of  the  superintendent,  his  family  and  the  subordinate 
officers.  On  the  first  story,  in  rear,  are  the  guard  chamber,  matron'* 
room,  &c.,  &c.  In  the  rear  of  the  second  story  is  the  male  hospital,  a 
fine  apartment  28  by  32  feet  $  also  a  female  hospital,  and  a  dispensatory 


150  Albcmy  County  Penitentiary. 

connected  with  both.  The  third  story  is  handsomely  fitted  up  as  a 
chapel,  36  by  48  feet,  furnished  with  pulpit,  seats,  &c.,  in  which  divine 
service  is  regularly  held  on  each  sabbath  day.  A  sabbath  school  has 
likewise  been  instituted.  The  rear  part  of  the  basement  is  devoted  to 
the  culinary  operations  of  the  prison,  most  of  which  are  performed  by 
steam  j  adjoining  this  is  the  laundry  and  bake  house.  The  whole  estab- 
lishment is  warmed  by  hot  air  furnaces,  and  furnished  with  a  copious 
supply  of  good  water;  and  hot  and  cold  water  are  distributed  wherever 
necessary. 

A  brick  wall.  14  feet  high,  extending  105  feet  beyond  the  wings,  paral- 
lel with  the  front,  and  running  thence  200  feet  to  the  rear,  on  each  side, 
has  been  erected.  This  wall,  surmounted  by  towers,  or  guard-houses, 
at  the  angles,  and  a  sentry  walk  at  top,  surrounds  the  whole  prison 
yard,  in  the  centre  of  which  is  a  range  of  work-shops  for  male  convicts, 
150  feet  long  by  28  wide,  with  cellars  of  the  same  size  beneath,  for  the 
prison  stores. 

The  dimensions  of  the  prison,  including  the  walls  and  yard,  are  460  feet 
front  and  rear,  and  250  feet  deep,  covering  an  area  of  nearly  Ihree  acres. 
All  the  buildings  are  constructed  of  brick  and  stone,  and  are  fire-proof. 
The  bricks  were  mostly  made  on  the  ground,  and  all  the  work,  usually 
denominated  laborer's  work,  in  and  about  the  premises,  from  the  com- 
mencement of  the  establishment,  has  been  performed  by  the  prisoners. 
The  ground  was  purchased  at  the  very  low  price  of  $3000.  The  cost  of 
the  buildings,  exclusive  of  convict  labor,  was  $35,000.  Including  in- 
terest on  that  part  of  the  money  borrowed  for  the  purpose,  and  all  other 
contingencies,  the  total  cost  is  somewhat  upwards  of  $40,000,  which  by 
law  is  directed  to  be  raised  in  eight  equal  annual  instalments.  Three 
of  these  instalments  have  been  already  added  to  the  county  taxes  and 
paid,  without  enhancing  the  previous  rate  of  taxation,  for  the  reason, 
that  the  former  average  annual  amount  of  criminal  expenses  were,  by 
this  change  of  system,  sufficiently  lessened  to  defray  them  ;  and  it  is 
believed  that  this  effect  will  continue  until  the  whole  is  paid.  The  un- 
dertaking therefore  adds  nothing  to  the  public  burden  ;  on  the  contrary 
it  must  result  in  pecuniary  gain,  for  the  county  acquires  this  valuable 
property,  (which  will  always  be  worth  its  cost),  entirely  from  the  savings 
made  on  the  former  system. 

The  Penitentiary  is  principally  designed  for  the  confinement,  employ- 
ment and  reformation  of  vagrants  and  petty  criminals,  for  whom  no 
adequate  provision  had  previously  existed.  Before  its  erection,  it  had 
been  customary  to  punish  these  delinquents  by  simple  incarceration  in 
the  county  jail,  where,  in  utter  idleness,  corrupted  and  corrupting  each 
other  by  indiscriminate  intercourse,  they  remained  until  the  expiration 
of  their  sentences,  and  in  most  cases,  when  discharged  it  was  only  to 
return  thither  in  a  few  days,  or  weeks  at  most,  to  go  through  the 
same  routine.  This  course  of  treatment,  so  far  from  having  any  ter- 
rors, or  constituting  any  punishment,  had  an  opposite  effect.  The  jail 
became  a  fruitful  source  of  demoralization  and  vice,  while  the  cost  of 
its  maintenance,  coupled  with  the  attendant  expenses  of  trials,  courts 
and  juries,  was  annually  increasing  at  an  alarming  rate.  In  1843  the 
supervisors  took  the  subject  into  serious  consideration.  They  deter- 
mined that  some  measures  should  be  adopted  whereby  this  class  of 
persons  might  if  possible  be  reclaimed,  and  at  the  same  time  be  cqm. 


Albany  County  Penitentiary.  151 

pelled  to  earn,  if  not  all,  atleast  a  part  of  their  subsistence.  The  neces- 
sary legislative  authority  was  obtained  in  1344.  Messrs.  Samuel  Pruyn 
and  Barent  P.  Staats  of  the  city  of  Albany,  and  Lewis  M.  Dayton  of 
the  town  of  Rensselaerville,  were  appointed  commissioners  to  devise  a 
system  of  punishment,  and  a  plan  for  the  construction,  management  and 
discipline  of  a  penitentiary.  In  due  time  the  commissioners  made  their 
report,  which  being  approved,  the  ground  was  purchased,  and  the 
buildings  commenced  in  the  summer  of  1845.  The  south  wing  was 
first  erected,  and  became  ready  for  the  reception  of  male  prisoners  in 
April,  1846.  During  the  remainder  of  that  year,  and  the  beginning  of 
the  next,  the  central  edifice  and  north  wing  were  built,  and  in  June, 
1847,  females  were  first  admitted.  The  whole  number  of  convicts  which 
have  entered  the  Penitentiary  up  to  the  first  of  November,  1848,  is  831, 
of  which  number  143  then  remained,  namely,  101  males,  and  42  females. 

The  county  authorities  were  extremely  fortunate  in  their  arrange- 
ments. In  1846  Amos  Pilsbury,  for  many  years  previously  the  warden 
of  the  Connecticut  state  prison,  accepted  the  office  of  superintendent  or 
principal  keeper  of  the  Penitentiary,  for  which  he  was  eminently  fitted 
by  his  long  experience  and  great  success  in  the  management  of  prisons 
and  prisoners.  The  discipline  established  is  that  known  by  the  name 
of  the  silent  system.  It  contemplates  united  labor,  perfect  order,  silence 
and  obedience.  The  physical  and  mental  necessities  of  the  convicts  are 
carefully  and  fully  supplied,  and  they  are  constantly,  by  night  as  well 
as  by  day,  under  the  personal  surveillance  of  the  officers.  The  limits 
of  this  article  will  not  admit  of  a  lengthened  detail  of  the  precise  mode 
pursued;  it  is  sufficient  to  say  that  it  has  been  attended  with  beneficial 
effects  ;  several  cases  of  complete  and  radical  reformation  have  occurred, 
in  which  the  subjects  have  returned  to  a  moral  and  virtuous  course  of 
life.  Under  the  experienced  government  of  Mr  .  Pilsbury,  it  is  said 
that  in  the  Albany  Penitentiary  the  silent,  or  as  it  is  sometimes  called 
the  Auburn  system,  is  more  perfectly  and  efficiently  administered  than 
in  any  other  prison.  Besides  the  superintendent,  there  are  also  a  deputy- 
keeper,  4  assistants,  2  guards,  or  watchmen,  a  matron,  and  assistant. 
The  institution  is  also  provided  with  a  chaplain  and  physician.  The 
whole  is  under  the  joint  control  of  the  supervisors  of  the  county  and 
the  mayor  and  recorder  of  the  city  ;  who,  through  a  board  of  three  in- 
spectors by  them  appointed,  direct  its  concerns. 

One  feature  in  the  management  of  the  Penitentiary  should  be  favor- 
ably noticed,  as  creditable  to  the  good  sense  of  the  county  government. 
The  institution  being  purely  benevolent  and  philanthropic  in  its  objects, 
the  supervisors  early  and  wisely  determined  that  no  political  or  partizan 
considerations  should  enter  into  or  influence  its  affairs.  On  this  prin- 
ciple they  have  acted,  and  to  it  in  a  great  measure  may  the  success  of 
the  enterprise  be  attributed.  Without  enquiring  into  the  particular 
creed  of  individuals  on  political  subjects,  it  is  quite  sufficient  that  the 
persons  to  whom  its  direction  is  confided,  are  honest,  capable,  and  dis- 
charge their  duties  with  fidelity. 

The  commissioners  deserve  commendation  for  the  ability  with  which 
they  have  discharged  an  important  trust.  Especially  to  Samuel  Pruyn, 
now  and  for  many  years  one  of  our  city  supervisors,  belongs  the  credit  of 
originating  and  accomplishing  this  great  philanthropic  design.  His  in- 
defatigable zeal  and  perseverance,  aided  by  the  good  counsel  of  his  col- 


152  Commission  of  John  Abeel. 

leagues,  Dr.  B-  P.  Staats  and  Lewis  M.  Dayton,  has  overcome  every  diffi- 
culty and  discouragement.  The  Albany  Penitentiary  is  destined  to  be  the 
pioneer  of  a  new  system  of  criminal  punishment.  Already  has  the 
county  of  Erie  imitated  it,  and  in  Ihe  county  of  Onondaga  preparations 
are  making  for  a  similar  establishment.  If  it  be  a  desideratum  that  the 
county  prisons  in  the  slate  of  New  York  shall  become  self-supporting 
institutions,  and  at  the  same  time  reformatory  in  morals,  there  is  no 
hazard  in  predicting  that  the  example  will  be  extensively  followed. 
The  county  of  Albany  has  aided  materially  in  hastening  a  great  and  im- 
portant result  in  political  economy.  The  larger  counties  will  sooner  or 
later  adopt  the  plan,  while  the  smaller  onts  may  unite  together  and 
erect  district  penitentiaries. 


COMMISSION  OF  JOHN  ABEEL  1694. 

I  am  indebted  to  A.  Heyer  Brown  for  the  following  copy  of  an  ancient 
commission  in  his  possession.  John  Abeel  was  the  first  mayor  of  Albany 
who  was  commissioned  in  this  way,  Peter  Schuyler,  who  preceded  him, 
having  been  named  in  the  charter.  In  digging  for  the  purpose  of  laying 
the  foundation  of  the  iron  railing  which  was  placed  in  front  of  the  Mid- 
dle Dutch  Church  a  few  years  ago,  the  workmen  exhumed  the  bones  of 
many  persons  who  had  been  interred  there,  among  them  doubtless  those 
of  Mr.  Abeel,  as  his  tombstone  was  thrown  out  with  the  others,  and 
was  afterwards  placed  in  the  pavement  of  the  side  walk.  This  docu- 
ment is  written  in  a  very  bold  old  English  character,  and  has  the  original 
seal  attached,  which  is  a  cake  of  wax  about  three  inches  in  diame- 
ter, and  three-fourths  of  an  inch  in  thickness,  stamped  with  the  British 
arms.  In  copying  it  the  original  orthography  has  been  preserved. 

WILLIAM  &,  MARY  by  the  Grace  of  God  of  England  Scotland  France 
&  Ireland  King  &  Queen  defenders  of  the  Faith  &c  To  our  loving 
subject  John  Abeel  Esqr  Greeting  Reposing  special  trust  and  confidence 
in  your  Loyalty  prudence  and  circumspection  We  do  hereby  nominate 
constitute  and  appoint  you  to  be  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Albany  for  one 
year  next  ensuing  ye  fourteenth  of  October  instant  wth  full  power  and 
authority  to  execute  and  perform  all  things  whatsoever  belonging  to  said 
office  in  as  full  and  ample  manner  as  any  former  Mayor  of  the  said  city 
hath  done  or  might  have  lawfully  done  executed  and  performed  To 
Hold  Exercisse  and  enjoy  the  said  office  of  Mayor  of  the  said  city  with 
all  things  thereunto  belonging  and  to  have  and  receive  all  fees  Salarys 
profitls  perquisites  benefits  advantages  priviledges  immunities  pre- 
hemmencys  and  tappurtenances  Whatsoever  to  the  said  office  belong- 
ing or  in  any  way  appurtaining  during  the  term  aforesaid  In  Testimony 
whereof  we  have  caused  the  seal  of  our  province  of  New  York  in 
America  to  be  hereunto  affixed  Witness  Benjamin  Fletcher  our  Capt 
General  and  Governor  in  Chiefe  of  our  Province  of  New  York  Province 
of  Pensilvania  County  of  New  Castle  and  the  Territorys  and  Tracts  of 
Land  depending  thereon  in  America  and  Vice  Admiral  of  the  same  Our 
Lieut  and  Commander  in  chief  of  the  Militia  &  of  all  the  forces  by  Sea 
&  Land  within  our  Colony  of  Connecticut  and  of  all  thefortsand  places 
of  Strength  within  the  same  on  this  fourth  day  of  October  in  the  sixth 
year  of  our  Reign  Anno  Dom  1694  DAVID  JAMISON  P  Secry 


Travel  in  Ntw  York,  1796.  153 


LIGHTS  AND  SHADOWS  OF  TRAVELING  IN  NEW  YORK 
FIFTY  YEARS  AGO. 

[In  1795,  Mr.  Isaac  Weld  Junior,  viewing  the  frightful  progress  of  an- 
archy in  Europe,  was  desirous  of  "  ascertaining  whether  in  case  of  future 
emergency,  any  part  of  the  United  States  might  be  looked  forward  to 
as  an  eligible  place  of  abode.1'  He  accordingly  made  the  tour  of  the 
United  Slates  and  Canada,  and  like  a  great  many  others  of  his  genus, 
found  very  little  to  his  taste,  and  nothing  to  give  him  the  "  slightest 
wish  to  revisit  it."  He  could  not  learn  that  the  trees  in  the  wilderness 
were  any  where  more  than  seven  or  eight  feet  in  diameter!  nor  was 
there  much  of  any  thing  on  a  sufficiently  grand  scale  to  meet  his  antici- 
pations, except  the  musquitoes  which  he  found  at  Whitehall.  He  ar- 
rived  at  New  York  in  the  summer  of  1796,  and  gives  the  following  ac- 
count of  his  approach  to,  vexations  at,  and  departure  from,  Albany.] 

Being  anxious  to  proceed  on  our  journey  before  the  season  was  too 
far  advanced,  and  also  particularly  desirous  of  quitting  New  York  on 
account  of  the  fevers,  which,  it  was  rumored,  were  increasing  very  fast, 
we  took  our  passage  for  Albany,  in  one  of  the  sloops  trading  constantly 
on  the  North  river,  between  New  York  and  that  place,  and  embarked 
on  the  2d  day  of  July,  about  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  Scarcely  a 
breath  of  air  was  stirring  at  the  time;  but  the  tide  carried  us  up  at  the 
rate  of  about  two  miles  and  a  half  an  hour.  The  sky  remained  all  day 
as  serene  as  possible,  and  as  the  water  was  perfectly  smooth,  it  reflected 
in  a  most  beautiful  manner  the  images  of  the  various  objects  on  the 
shore,  and  of  the  numerous  vessels  dispersed  along  the  river  at  different 
distances,  and  which  seemed  to  glide  along,  as  it  were,  by  the  power  of 
magic,  for  the  sails  all  hung  down  loose  and  motionless.  The  sun,  set- 
ting in  all  his  glory,  ad  led  fresh  beauties  to  this  calm  and  peaceable 
scene,  and  permitted  us  for  the  last  time  to  behold  the  distant  spires  of 
New  York,  illumined  by  his  parting  rays.  To  describe  all  the  grand 
and  beautiful  prospects  presented  to  the  view  on  passing  this  noble 
river,  would  be  an  endless  task;  all  the  various  effects  that  can  be  sup- 
posed to  arise  from  a  happy  combination  of  wood  and  water,  of  hill  and 
dale,  are  here  seen  in  the  greatest  perfection.  After  sunset,  a  brisk 
wind  sprang  up,  which  carried  us  on  at  the  rate  of  six  or  seven  miles 
an  hour,  for  a  considerable  part  of  the  night;  but  for  some  hours  we 
had  to  lie  at  anchor  at  a  place  where  the  navigation  of  the  river  was 
too  difficult  to  proceed  in  the  dark.  Our  sloop  was  no  more  than  seventy 
tons  burthen  by  register;  but  the  accommodations  she  afforded  were 
most  excellent,  and  far  superior  to  what  might  be  expected  on  board  so 
small  a  vessel ;  the  cabin  was  equally  large  with  that  in  a  common  mer. 
chant  vessel  of  three  hundred  tons,  built  for  crossing  the  ocean.  This 
was  owing  to  the  great  breadth  of  her  beam,  which  was  no  less  than 
twenty-two  feet  and  a  half,  although  her  length  was  only  fifty-five  feet. 
All  the  sloops  engaged  in  this  trade,  are  built  nearly  on  the  same  con- 
struction; short,  broad,  and  verp  shallow,  few  of  them  draw  more  than 
five  or  six  feet  of  water,  so  that  they  are  only  calculated  for  sailing 
upon  smooth  water.  The  highlands,  as  they  are  called,  extend  along 
the  river  on  each  side  for  several  miles.  The  breadth  of  the  river  is 
here  considerably  contracted,  and  such  sudden  gusts  of  wind,  commenc- 


154         Travel  in  New  York,  1796. 

ing  from  between  the  mountains,  sometimes  blow  through  the  narrow 
passes,  that  vessels  sometimes  have  their  topmasts  carried  away.  The 
captain  of  the  sloop  we  were  in,  said  that  his  mainsail  was  once  blown 
into  tatters  in  an  instant,  and  a  part  of  it  carried  on  shore.  When  the 
sky  is  lowering,  they  usually  take  in  sail  going  along  this  part  of  the 
river. 

About  four  o'clock  in  the  morning  of  the  4th  of  July,  we  reached 
Albany,  the  place  of  our  destination,  one  hundred  and  sixty  miles  distant 
from  New  York.  Albany  is  a  city,  and  contains  about  eleven  hundred 
houses;  the  number  however  is  increasing  fast,  particularly  since  the 
removal  of  the  state  government  from  New  York.  In  the  old  part  of 
the  town  the  streets  are  very  narrow,  and  the  houses  are  frightful;  they 
are  all  built  in  the  old  Dutch  taste,  with  the  gable  end  towards  the 
street,  and  ornamented  on  the  top  with  large  iron  weathercocks;  but  in 
that  part  which  has  been  lately  erected,  the  streets  are  commodious, 
and  many  of  the  houses  are  handsome.  Great  pains  have  been  taken 
to  have  the  streets  well  paved  and  lighted.  Here  are  four  places  for 
public  worship,  and  an  hospital.  Albany  is  in  summer  time  a  very  dis- 
agreeable place;  it  stands  in  a  low  situation,  just  on  the  margin  of  the 
river,  which  runs  very  slow  here,  and  towards  the  evening  often  exhales 
clouds  of  vapors;  immediately  behind  the  town,  likewise,  is  a  large 
sandbank,  that  prevents  a  free  circulation  of  air,  while  at  the  same  time 
it  powerfully  reflects  the  rays  of  the  sun,  which  shines  in  full  force  upon 
it  the  whole  day.  Notwithstanding  all  this,  however,  the  climate  is 
deemed  very  salubrious.  The  inhabitants  of  this  place,  a  few  years 
ago,  were  almost  entirely  of  Dutch  extraction;  but  now  strangers  are 
Hocking  to  it  from  all  quarters,  as  there  are  few  places  in  America  more 
advantageously  situated  for  commerce.  The  flourishing  state  of  its 
trade  has  already  been  mentioned;  it  bids  fair  to  rival  that  of  New 
York  in  process  of  time.  The  fourth  of  July,  the  day  of  our  arrival  at 
Albany,  was  the  anniversary  of  the  declaration  of  American  indepen- 
dence, and  on  our  arrival  we  were  told  that  great  preparations  were 
making  for  its  celebration.  A  drum  and  trumpet,  towards  the  middle 
of  the  day,  gave  notice  of  the  commencement  of  the  rejoicings,  and  on 
walking  to  a  hill  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  town,  we  saw  sixty 
men  drawn  up,  partly  militia,  partly  volunteers,  partly  infantry,  partly 
cavalry;  the  latter  were  clothed  in  scarlet,  and  mounted  on  horses  of 
various  descriptions.  About  three  hundred  spectators  attended.  A  few 
rounds  were  fired  from  a  three  pounder,  and  some  volleys  of  small 
arms.  The  firing  was  finished  before  one  hour  was  expired,  and  then 
the  troops  returned  to  town,  a  party  of  militia  officers  in  uniform  march- 
ing in  the  rear,  under  the  shade  of  umbrellas,  as  the  day  was  excessively 
hot.  Having  reached  town,  the  whole  body  immediately  dispersed. 
The  volunteers  and  militia  officers  afterwards  dined  together;  and  so 
ended  the  rejoicings  of  the  day ;  no  public  ball,  no  general  entertainment 
was  there  of  any  description.  A  day  still  fresh  in  the  memory  of  every 
American,  nnd  which  appears  so  glorious  in  the  annals  of  their  country, 
would,  it  might  be  expected,  have  called  forth  more  brilliant  and  more 
general  rejaicings ;  but  the  downright  phlegmatic  people  in  this  neigh- 
borhood, intent  upon  making  money,  and  enjoying  the  solid  advantages 
of  the  revolution,  are  but  little  disposed  to  waste  their  time  in 
they  consider  idle  demonstrations  of  joy. 


Travel  in  New  York,  1796.  155 

We  retrained  in  Albany  for  a  few  days,  and  then  set  off  for  Skenes- 
borough,  in  Lake  Champlain,  in  a  carriage  hired  for  the  purpose.  The 
hiring  of  this  vehicle  was  a  matter  attended  with  some  trouble,  and  de- 
tained us  longer  in  the  town  than  we  wished  to  stay.  There  were  only 
two  carriages  to  be  had  in  the  whole  place,  and  the  owners  having  an 
understanding  with  each  other,  and  thinking  that  we  should  be  forced 
to  give  whatever  price  they  asked,  positively  refused  to  let  us  have  either 
of  them  for  less  than  seventy  dollars,  equal  to  fifteen  guineas.  We  on 
our  part  as  positively  refused  to  comply  with  a  demand  which  we  knew 
to  be  exorbitant,  and  resolved  to  wait  patiently  in  Albany  for  some  other 
conveyance,  rather  than  submit  to  such  an  imposition.  The  fellows 
held  out  for  two  days,  but  at  the  end  of  that  time,  one  of  them  came  to 
tell  us  we  might  have  his  carriage  for  half  the  price,  and  accordingly 
we  took  it.  Early  the  next  morning  we  set  off,  and  in  about  two  hours 
arrived  at  the  small  village  of  Cohoz,  close  to  which  is  the  remarkable 

fall  in  the  Mohawk  river,  about  ten  miles  from  Albany From  hence 

we  proceeded  along  the  banks  of  the  Hudson  river,  through  the  town  of 
Stillwater,  which  receives  its  name  from  the  uncommon  stillness  of  the 
river  opposite  to  it,  and  late  in  the  evening  reached  Saratoga,  thirty-five 
miles  from  Albany.  This  place  contains  about  forty  houses,  and  a 
Dutch  Reformed  church,  but  they  are  so  scattered  about;  that  it  has  not 
the  smallest  appearance  of  a  town.  In  this  neighborhood,  upon  the 
borders  of  a  marsh,  are  several  very  remarkable  mineral  springs  ;  one 
of  them,  in  the  crater  of  a  rock,  of  a  pyramidical  form,  about  five  feet 
in  height,  is  particularly  curious.  This  rock  seems  to  have  been  formed 
by  the  petrifactions  of  the  water:  all  the  other  springs  are  likewise  sur- 
rounded with  petrifactions  of  the  same  kind.  The  water  in  the  princi- 
pal  spring,  except  at  the  beginning  of  the  summer,  when  it  regularly 
overflows,  remains  about  eight  inches  below  the  rim  of  the  crater,  and 
bubbles  up  as  if  boiling.  The  crater  is  nine  inches  in  diameter.  The 
various  properties  of  the  water  have  not  been  yet  ascertained  with  any 
great  accuracy ;  but  it  is  said  to  be  impregnated  with  a  fossil  acid  and 
some  saline  substance;  there  is  also  a  great  portion  of  fixed  air  in  it. 
An  opportunity  is  here  afforded  for  making  some  curious  experiments. 
If  animals  be  put  down  into  the  crater,  they  will  be  immediately  suffo- 
cated; but  if  not  kept  there  too  long,  they  recover  again  upon  being 
brought  into  the  open  air.  If  a  lighted  candle  be  put  down,  the  flame 
will  be  extinguished  in  an  instant,  and  not  even  the  slightest  spark  left 
in  the  wick.  If  the  water  immediately  taken  from  the  spring  be  put  into 
a  bottle,  closely  corked,  and  then  shaken,  either  the  cork  will  be  forced 
out  with  an  explosion,  or  the  bottle  will  be  broken,-  but  if  left  in  an  open 
vessel,  it  becomes  vapid  in  less  than  half  an  hour.  The  water  is  very 
pungent  to  the  taste,  and  acts  as  a  cathartic  on  some  people,  as  an 
emetic  on  others. 

Of  the  works  thrown  up  at  Saratoga  by  the  British  and  American 
armies  during  the  war,  there  are  now  scarcely  any  remains.  The 
country  round  about  is  well  cultivated,  and  the  trenches  have  been 
mostly  levelled  by  the  plow.  We  here  crossed  the  Hudson  river,  and 
proceeded  along  its  eastern  shore  as  far  as  Fort  Edward,  where  it  is 
lost  to  the  view,  for  the  road  still  runs  on  towards  the  north,  whilst  the 
river  takes  a  sudden  bend  to  the  west.  Fort  Edward  was  dismantled 
prior  to  the  late  American  war ;  but  the  opposite  armies,  during  that 


156  Travel  in  New  York,  1796. 

unhappy  contest,  were  both  in  the  neighborhood.  The  town  of  the 
same  name,  is  at  the  distance  of  one  or  two  hundred  yards  from  it,  and 
contains  about  twenty  houses.  Thus  far  we  had  got  on  tolerably  wellj 
but  from  hence  To  Fort  Anne,  which  was  also  dismantled  prior  to  the 
late  war,  the  road  is  most  wretched,  particularly  over  a  long  causeway 
between  the  two  forts,  formed  originally  for  the  transporting  of  cannon, 
the  soil  here  being  extremely  moist  and  heavy.  The  causeway  consists 
of  large  trees  laid  side  by  side  transversely,  some  of  which  having  de- 
cayed, great  intervals  are  left,  wherein  the  wheels  of  the  carriage  were 
sometimes  locked  so  fast,  that  the  horses  alone  could  not  possibly  ex- 
tricate them.  To  have  remained  in  the  carriage  over  this  part  of  the 
road,  would  really  have  been  a  severe  punishment;  for  although  boasted 
of  as  being  the  very  best  in  Albany,  it  had  no  sort  of  springs,  and  was 
in  fact  little  better  than  a  common  waggon;  we  therefore  alighted,  took 
our  guns,  and  amused  ourselves  with  shooting  as  we  walked  along 
through  the  woods.  The  woods  here  had  a  much  more  majestic  ap- 
pearance than  any  that  we  had  before  met  with  on  our  way  from  Phila* 
delphia;  this,  however,  was  owing  more  to  the  great  height  than  to  the 
thickness  of  the  trees,  for  I  could  not  see  one  that  appeared  more  than 
thirty  inches  in  diameter;  indeed,  in  general,  the  girt  of  the  trees  in  the 
woods  of  America  is  very  small  in  proportion  to  the  height,  and  trifling 
in  comparison  of  that  of  the  forest  trees  in  Great  Britain.  The  thickest 
trees  I  ever  saw  in  the  country  was  that  of  a  sycamore,  which  grew 
upon  the  bank  of  the  Skenandoah  river,  just  at  its  junction  with  the 
Patowmac,  in  a  bed  of  rich  earth,  close  to  the  water;  yet  this  tree  was 
no  more  than  about  four  feet  four  inches  in  diameter.  On  the  low 
lands  in  Kentucky,  and  on  some  of  the  bottoms  in  the  western  territory, 
it  is  said  that  trees  are  commonly  to  be  met  with  seven  and  eight  feet 
in  diameter. 

Beyond  Fort  Anne,  which  is  situated  at  the  distance  of  eight  miles 
from  Fort  Edward,  the  roads  being  better,  we  once  more  mounted  into 
our  vehicle ;  but  the  miserable  horses,  quite  jaded,  now  made  a  dead 
stop;  in  vain  the  driver  bawled,  and  stamped,  and  swore;  his  whip  had 
been  previously  worn  out  some  hours,  owing  to  the  frequent  use  he 
had  made  of  it,  and  the  animals  no  longer  feeling  its  heavy  lash,  seemed 
as  determined  as  the  mules  of  the  abbess  of  Andouilles  to  go  no  farther* 
In  this  situation  we  could  not  help  bantering  the  fellow  upon  the  excel- 
lence of  his  cattle,  which  he  had  boasted  so  much  of  at  setting  out,  and 
he  was  ready  to  cry  with  vexation  at  what  we  said ;  but  having  acci- 
dentally mentioned  the  sum  we  had  paid  for  the  carriage,  his  passion 
could  no  longer  be  restrained,  and  it  broke  forth  in  all  its  fury.  It  ap- 
peared that  he  was  the  owner  of  two  of  the  horses,  and  for  the  use  of 
them,  and  for  driving  the  carriage,  he  was  to  have  had  one-half  of  the 
hire;  but  the  man  whom  we  had  agreed  with,  and  paid  at  Albany,  had 
given  him  only  ten  dollars  as  his  moiety,  assuring  him,  at  the  same 
time,  that  it  was  exactly  the  half  of  what  we  had  given,  although  in 
reality  it  fell  short  of  the  sum  by  seven  dollars  and  a  half.  Thus  cheat- 
ed by  his  companion,  and  left  in  the  lurch  by  his  horses,  he  vowed  ven- 
geance against  him  on  his  return ;  but  as  protestations  of  this  nature 
would  not  bring  us  any  sooner  to  our  journey's  end.  and  as  it  was  ne- 
cessary that  something  should  be  immediately  done,  if  we  did  not  wish 
to  remain  all  night  in  the  woods,  we  suggested  the  idea,  in  the  mean* 


Travel  in  New  York,  1796.  157 

time,  of  his  conducting  the  foremost  horses  as  postillion,  whilst  one  of 
our  seivants  should  drive  the  pair  next  to  the  wheel.  This  plan  was 
not  started  with  any  degree  of  seriousness,  for  we  could  not  have  sup- 
posed that  a  tall  meagre  fellow,  upwards  of  six  feet  high,  and  clad  in  a 
pair  of  thin  nankeen  breeches,  would  very  readily  bestride  the  raw 
boned  back  of  a  horse,  covered  wilh  the  profuse  exudations  which  the 
intense  heat  of  the  weather,  and  the  labor  the  animal  had  gone  through, 
necessarily  excited.  As  much  tired,  however,  wilh  our  pleasantries  as 
we  were  of  his  vehicle,  and  thinking  of  nothing,  I  believe,  but  how  he 
could  best  get  rid  of  us,  he  eagerly  embraced  the  proposal,  and  accord- 
ingly, having  furnished  himself  with  a  switch  from  the  adjoining  thicket, 
he5  mounted  his  harnessed  Rosinante.  In  this  style  we  proceeded;  but 
more  than  once  did  our  gigantic  postillion  turn  round  to  bemoan  the 
sorry  choice  he  had  made;  as  often  did  we  urge  the  necessity  of  getting 
out  of  the  woods;  he  could  make  no  answer;  so  jogging  slowly  along, 
we  at  last  reached  the  little  town  of  Skenesborough,  much  to  the  amuse- 
ment of  every  one  who  beheld  our  equipage,  and  much  to  our  own  satis- 
faction ;  for,  owing  to  the  various  accidents  we  had  met  with,  such  as 
traces  breaking,  bridles  slipping  off  the  heads  of  the  horses,  and  the 
noble  horses  themselves  sometimes  slipping  down,  &c.,  &c  ,  we  had  been 
no  less  than  five  hours  travelling  the  last  twelve  miles. 

Skenesborough  stands  just  above  the  junction  of  Wood  creek  with 
South  river,  as  it  is  called  in  the  best  maps,  but  which,  by  the  people  in 
the  neighborhood,  is  considered  as  a  part  of  Lake  Champlain.  At  pre- 
sent there  are  only  about  twelve  houses  in  the  place;  but  if  the  naviga- 
tion of  Wood  creek  is  ever  opened,  so  as  to  connect  Lake  Champlain 
with  the  North  river,  a  schi-me  which  has  already  been  seriously  thought 
of,  it  will,  doubtless,  soon  become  a  trading  town  of  considerable  im- 
portance, as  all  the  various  productions  of  the  shores  of  the  lake  will 
then  be  collected  there  for  the  New  York  and  Albany  markets.  Not- 
withstanding  all  the  disadvantages  of  a  land  carriage  of  forty  miles  to 
the  North  river,  a  small  portion  of  flour  and  potash,  the  staple  commo- 
dities of  the  state  of  New  York,  is  already  sent  to  Skenesborough  from 
different  parts  of  the  lake,  to  be  forwarded  to  Albany.  A  considerable 
trade  also  is  carried  on  through  this  place,  and  over  Lake  Champlain, 
between  New  York  and  Canada.  Furs  and  horses  principally  are  sent 
from  Canada,  and  in  return  they  get  East  India  goods  and  various  manu- 
factures. 

Skenesborough  is  most  dreadfully  infested  with  musquitoes;  so  many 
of  them  attacked  us  the  first  night  of  our  sleeping  there,  that  when 
we  arose  in  the  morning  our  faces  and  hands  were  covered  all  over 
with  large  pustules,  precisely  like  those  of  a  person  in  the  small- 
pox. This  happened  too,  notwithstanding  that  the  people  of  the  house, 
before  we  went  to  bed,  had  taken  all  the  pains  possible  to  clear  the 
room  of  them,  by  fumigating  it  with  the  smoke  of  green  wood,  and  after- 
wards securing  the  windows  with  gauze  blinds;  and  even  on  the  second 
night,  although  we  destroyed  many  dozens  of  them  on  the  walls,  after  a 
similar  fumigation  had  been  made,  yet  we  suffered  nearly  as  much. 
These  insects  were  of  a  much  larger  size  than  any  I  ever  saw  elsewhere, 
and  their  bite  was  uncommonly  venomous.  Gen.  Washington  told  me, 
that  he  never  was  so  much  annoyed  by  musquitoes  in  any  part  of  Ame- 
rica, as  in  Skenesborough,  for  they  used  to  bile  through  the  thickest  boot  ' 

14 


158  Eutten  Kill— Brick. 

Musquitoes  appear  to  be  particularly  fond  of  the  fresh  blood  of  Eu- 
ropeans, who  always  suffer  much  more  the  first  year  of  their  arrival  in 
America  than  they  do  afterwards.  The  people  of  the  country  seem 
quite  to  disregard  their  attacks.  Wherever  they  fix  their  sting,  a  little 
tumor  or  pustule  usually  arises,  supposed  to  be  occasioned  by  the  fer- 
mentation when  mixed  with  the  blood,  of  a  small  quantity  of  liquor, 
which  the  insect  always  injects  into  the  wound  it  makes  with  its  spicula, 
as  may  be  seen  through  a  microscope,  and  which  it  probably  does  to 
render  the  blood  more  fluid.  The  disagreeable  itching  this  excites,  is 
most  effectually  allayed  by  the  application  of  volatile  alkali ;  or  if  the 
part  newly  stung  be  scratched,  and  immediately  bathed  in  cold  water, 
that  also  affords  considerable  relief;  but  after  the  venom  has  been  lodged 
for  any  time,  scratching  only  increases  the  itching,  and  it  may  be  at- 
tended with  great  danger.  Repeated  instances  have  occurred  of  people 
having  been  laid  up  for  months,  and  narrowly  escaping  the  loss  of  a 
limb,  from  imprudently  rubbing  a  part  which  had  been  bitten  for  a  long 
time.  Great  ease  is  also  derived  from  opening  the  pustules  on  the 
second  day  with  a  lancet,  and  Jetting  out  the  blood  and  watery  matter. 


RUTTEN  KILL. 

The  grading  of  the  great  Hudson  street  ravine,  anciently  known  as 
the  Rutten  kill,  was  nearly  completed  in  1847,  from  Hawk  to  Lark 
streets,  and  from  near  Lydius  to  State.  During  a  period  of  about  three 
years,  from  50  to  250  persons,  and  60  teams,  were  employed  upon  the 
work  of  grading  and  filling  this  extensive  area.  The  ravine,  origin- 
ally 300  feet  broad  and  50  feet  deep,  throughout  its  entire  length,  re- 
ceived the  lofty  banks  upon  its  borders,  and  was  raised  to  a  convenient 
grade,  thereby  furnishing  a  large  tract  for  habitation,  that  had  long 
been  waste,  or  only  occupied  for  brick  kilns,  and  dirty  reservoirs,  where 
truant  boys  fished  and  bathed.  Not  less  than  600,000  yards  of  excava- 
tion were  made  in  blue  clay,  and  an  equal  amount  of  filling  was  done 
by  one  contractor. 


MANUFACTURE  OF  BRICKS. 

The  number  of  bricks  manufactured  in  Albany  during  the  last  fifteen 
years,  has  averaged  sixteen  millions  per  annum,  until  the  year  1847,  when 
the  quantity  produced  was  only  hall  that  number  in  consequence  of  the 
reduced  price,  $2.50  per  thousand. 


Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany.  159 

CHRONICLE  OF  EVENTS  IN  ALBANY,  1847  AND  1848. 
SEPTEMBER,  1847. 

13.  The  Albany  Morning  Express,  a  penny  daily  paper  commenced 
by  Stone  &.  Henly,  with  a  reported  sale  of  1600  copies  of  the  first  num- 
ber.    James  Stanley  Smith,  editor.     This  constituted  the  fifth  daily  paper 

in  the  city  at  this  time Capt.  Abram  Van  OLinda  of  the  Albany 

Republican  Artillery,  killed  at  the  battle  of  Chapultepec,  in  Mexico. 

The  fall  examination  of  the  State  Normal  School  commenced. 

At  the  close  of  the  exercises  64  graduates  received  their  diplomas 

The  superintendent  of  the  Alms  House  reported  to  the  Common  Council, 
that  the  establishment  had  in  charge  404  persons,  the  majority  of  them 
sick. 

14.  John  H.  Webb,  of  the  late  firm  of  Webb  &  Dummer,  in  this  city, 
died  at  Hartford,  Ct. 

15.  News  received  of  the  battles  of  Contreras  and  Cherubusco,  which 
•were  fought  in  Mexico  on  the  18th  and  19th  of  August,  in  which  Lieut. 
Jacob  Griffin  of  Albany  was  among  the  wounded. 

16.  First  frost  of  the  season A  fire  occurred  at  No.  164  North 

Pearl  street,  which  destroyed  the  large  carpenter's  shop  of  John  Jervis, 
a  two  story  dwelling  house,  with  several  adjoining  sheds.     The  firemen 
had  a  quarrel  on  the  occasion. 

17.  Andrew  Hamburgh  died,  aged  24. 

18.  Hannah  Leavitt  died,  aged  51;  wife  of  N.  K.  Leavitt. 

19.  Rev.  John  McCloskey  installed,  by  Bishop  Hughes,  the  first  bishop 
of  the  new  diocese  of  Albany Mary  Law  died,  aged  55. 

20.  Upwards  of  a  hundred  vessels  in  port. 

22.  Flour  $5.75 William  T.  Lee,  formerly  of  this  city,  died  at 

Philadelphia,  aged  27. 

23.  Margaret  Nugent  died,  aged  33;  wife  of  Henry  P.  Nugent. 

24.  The  Democratic  County  Convention  met;  two  sets  of  delegates 
appeared  from  one  of  the  wards;  failing  to  effect  a  compromise,  a  sepa- 
ration took  place,  tbe  Barnburners  choosing  Peter  Cagger  to  the  slate 
convention  proposed  to  be  held  at  Syracuse,  and  the  Old  Hunkers  choos- 
ing Henry  Rector.     Both  parties  nominated   Conrad  A.  Ten  Eyck  for 

Assembly. Charles  C.   Vail   died,    aged   21 John   Stanwix 

died,  aged  39 Lydia  Plait  died,  aged  82;  widow  of  the  late  An- 

nanias  Platt. 

25.  The  following  steam  boats  were  advertised  to  leave  for  New  York 
this  day:   Hendrik  Hudson,  Captain  Cruttenden:  Isaac  Newton,  Capt. 
Peck;  Soulh  America,  Capl.  Hultse;  Columbia,  Capt.  Tupper;  Rip  Van 
Winkle,  Capt.  Riggs;  Alida,  Capt.  G.  D.  Tupper;   New  Jersey,  Capt. 

Hitchcock;  all  night  boats  except  the  Alida Martha  Tappin  died, 

aged  78 Wm.  J.  McDermott  died,  aged  25;  a  printer,  of  New 

York,  formerly  of  this  city. 

27.  Over  20,000  bushels  of  corn  arrived  by  canal  this  day The 

firsl  term  of  Ihe  Court  of  Appeals  held  in  this  city,  closed  its  session, 
having  exhausted  the  calendar  of  40  cases. 

29 /The  Whig  Counly  Convention  met,  and  nominated  Robert  H. 
Pruyn  for  Agserably, 


160  Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany. 

30.  The  amount  of  flour  transported  over  the  Boston  and  Albany 
Rail  Road  since  the  1st  of  January,  352,317  barrels  more  than  the 
quantity  transported  in  the  same  space  of  time  last  year.  Receipts  for 
September,  47;527  barrels. 

OCTOBER,  1847. 

1.  Catharine  Van  Benthuysen  died,  aged  33. 

4.  Mary  M.  Dexter  died,  wife  of  George  Dexter. 

5.  The  district  schools  of  the  city  held  a  celebration.    The  scholars, 
numbering  near  2,000.  marched  in  procession  with  banners  to  the  park 
in  South  Pearl  street,  below  Lydius.  known  as  Kane's  Walk,  where  ad- 
dresses were  delivered  and  several  pieces  of  music  suiig.     The  nine 
district  schools  of  the  city  are  attended  by  about  5,000  pupils,  usually. 

James  Clark  died,  aged  74;   a  merchant  of  good  standing  and 

wealth,  for  many  years  extensively  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  line,  on 

the  corner  of  Broadway  and  State  street Mary  A.  Davidson  died, 

aged  75. 

6.  Great  meeting  at  the  Capitol  of  the  friends  of  a  general  manufac- 
turing law Fire  in  the  sheds  behind  the  two  story  brick  row.  182 

and  192  North  Pearl  street;  loss  about  $300. 

8.  Great  meeting  of  that  portion  of  the  democratic  party  known  as 
the  Barnburners.     There  was  much  rain  from  above,  and  indignation 
from  below.     John  Van  Buren  recited  the  wrongs  and  perils  of  himself 
and  coadjutors  at  the  recent  convention  at  Syracuse,  where  they  were 
voted  out  as  irregular  delegates.    His  speech  was  received  with  great 
applause  on  all  sides. 

9.  During  the  week  ending  this  day,  16,000  barrels  of  flour  were 
transported  over  the  rail  road  to  Boston. 

10.  Abigail  Osgood  died,  aged  28. 

13.  A  convention  of  JLntlrenters  met  in  the  city,  and  adopted  can- 
didates  from   the  tickets  of  the  other  parties,  of  such  men  as  were 
known  to  entertain  favorable  views  of  their  cause. 

14.  A  meeting  of  the  friends  of  the  Wilmot  Proviso,  for  the  disposi- 
tion of  the  slavery  question,  convened  at  the  City  Hall.     Mr.  Lewis  of 
Ohio  was  the  principal  speaker  on  the  occasion- 

15.  Mary  Osborn  died,  aged  69;  wife  of  Jeremiah  Osborn Chas. 

Van  Ostrand  died  in  New  York,  of  an  enlargement  of  the  heart,  aged 
37;  formerly  a  compositor  in  the  office  of  the  Albany  Argus. 

16.  Ann  Eliza  Henderson  died  at  Jersey  city;  widow  of  David  Hen- 
derson, and  eldest  daughter  of  Archibald  Mclntyre  of  this  city. 

17.  An  attempt  made  to  fire  the  buildings  in  the  rear  of  McAufey's 
bakery  in  Grand  street;  it  was  discovered   in  season  to  prevent  much 

damage Mary  Molt,  formerly  of  Albany,  died  at  Battle  creek, 

Michigan. 

18.  The  members  of  the  Common  Council,  and  other  citizens,  took 
passage  in  the  Hendrik  Hudson,  to  witness  the  ceremony  of  laying  the 
corner  stone  of  the  Washington  Monument,  which  took  place  on  the  19lh. 

Moses  Cook  died  at  Syracuse,  aged  35;  late  of  this  city 

Mariin  S.  Mills  died,  aged  26. 

19.  The  store   of  Matthew  Jordan   entered  by  burglars,  corner   of 
Broadway  and  Steuben  street. ..... .Several  bakers  prosecuted  for  sell. 


Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany.  161 

ing  light  bread ;  the  trial  adjourned,  the  bakers  contending  that  the 
Common  Council  have  no  right  to  regulate  the  price  of  bread,  or  its 

weight A  stated  session  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court  opened 

at  the  City  Hall,  with  a  large  amount  of  criminal  business  on  the  calendar. 

Judge  Conkling  presiding A  select  committee  of  the  House  of 

Assembly  reported  a  bill  to  tax  bachelors  and  widowers;  but  the  house 

disagreeing,  it  was  referred  to  the  committee  of  the  whole An 

omnibus  commenced  running  from  the  Exchange  to  Newton's  Corners 

on  the  Shaker  road Elizabeth  Evertsen, "widow  of  Evert  Evert- 

sen,  aged  88,  run  over  by  a  horse  and  cart  as  she  was  crossing  State 
street,  and  so  badly  injured  as  to  cause  her  death. 

20.  The  Young  Men's  Association  numbered  1,300  members 

Nicholas  Brower  died,  aged  53. 

21.  Capt.  Frost,  a  stranger,  walking  late  at  nicht  in  Quay  street,  was 
knocked  down  by  two  ruffians,  and  robbed,  and  thrown  into  the  Basin; 

but  was  rescued,  and  his  life  saved Richard  Schuyler  and  Robert 

Allen,  concerned  in  an  assault  and  battery  upon  Thomas  Sampson,  cap- 
tain of  a  canal  boat,  with  intent  to  kill,  were  captured  and  committed. 

23.  The  trustees  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  having  purchased 
a  lot  for  a  new  building  on  the  corner  of  Hudson  and  Philip  streets, 
contracted  with  J.  R.  Hays  and  Henry  Rector  for  its  erection,  at  $50,- 

000.     The  foundations  were  begun Flour,  $6.50;   wheat,  $1.40; 

corn,  71  cents;  rye,  86  cents;   barley,  SO  cents.     In  consequence  of  the 
scarcity  of  vessels,  and  the  inability  of  the  rail  road  company  to  trans- 
port flour  rapidly  enough  to  meet  the  eastern  demand,  freights  had  ad- 
vanced materially. 

24.  A  collection  taken  in  St.  Joseph's  Church  for  the  purpose  of  rais- 
ing funds  to  build  a  Cathedral  in  Albany;  $4,500  were  received 

Peter  Bulson  died,  aged  78. 

25.  A  special  committee  of  the  Common  Council  reported  in  favor  of 
removing  the  dead  in  the  Arbor  Hill  Burying  Ground  (which  are  fre- 
quently exposed  by  persons  digging  there  for  sand),  to  a  suitable  vault 
in  the  Albany  Rural  Cemetery,  on  the  Troy  road.     No  action  was  taken 

upon  the  subject ,  .The  store  of  R.  Reno,  in  South  Pearl  street,  was 

entered  by  burglars,  and  $5  in  cents  carried  away. 

26.  A  meeting  of  the  elder  branch  of  the  democratic  party  was  held 
at  the  Capitol  in  the  evening,  the  younger  branch  holding  a  convention 
at  the  same  time  in  Herkimer.    These  events  were  invested  with  ex- 
traordinary interest. 

28.  Aurelia  McGowan  died,  ased  40;  wife  of  Minos  McGowan 

Dorothy  E.  Brown  died,  wife  of  Stephen  A.  Brown. 

29.  Great  meeting  of  the  Barnburners  at  the  Capitol;  Mr.  Wilmot, 
author  of  the  famous  proviso,  was  present,  and  delivered  a  long  speech. 
John  Van  Buren  followed, and  received  great  applause  for  the  eloquence, 
wit  and  sarcasm  of  his  harrangue Genesee  wheat  $1.45. 

30.  Margaret  Dermody  died,  aged  52;  wife  of  Patrick  Dermody. 

31.  Robert  Lottridge  died,   aged  77 Thomas  L.Wilson  died, 

aged  26 The  number  of  deaths  at  the  Alms  House  for  the  last 

three  months,  202;  the  great  majority  of  cases  being  ship  fever,  a  new 
epidemic.    Permits  granted  since  May  1st,  1200. 


162  Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany. 

NOVEMBER,  1847. 

1.  Whig  rally  at  the  Capitol;  said  to  have  been  "  not  very  large,  but 

enthusiastic." Splendid  aurora  borealisin  the  evening ^There 

were  105  sloops  and  schooners  lying  at  the  Pier,  and  the  Basin  was 
choked  with  all  sorts  of  craft,  making  preparation  for  the  close  of  navi- 
gation  Frances  H.  Deforest  died,  aged  17;  wife  of  James  P.  De- 
forest. 

2.  The  election  resulted,  as  usual,  in  the  triumph  of  the  whigs. 

3.  Lucretia  Johnson  died,  aged  68. 

4.  The  weather  extremely  fine  for  the  season  ;  in  the  language  of  the 
editor  of  the  Troy  Budget, "  The  golden  sunshine  sleeps  on  the  russet 

earth  as  quiet  as  an  infant's  slumber!" Crawford  Livingston  died 

of  consumption  at  the  Mansion  House  in  Columbia  county.     He  opened 
the  first  express  office  in  this  city,  known  as  Pomeroy's  Express. 

5.  The  steam  tug  Commerce  left  the  Pier  for  New  York,  with  a  con- 
voy of  8  tow  boats,  and  12  lake  boats,  all  heavily  laden;  and  the  North 
America  left  with  21  lakers  in  the  same  condition.     This  was  character- 
ized as  a  big  haul.    An  impetus  was  given  toil  by  a  dreadful  scowl  in  the 

heavens Fire  in  Tivoli  Hollow;  a  large  establishment  in  which 

several  kinds  of  manufacturing  operations  were  carried  on,  was  burnt 
down ;  loss  upwards  of  $20,000 Wm.  L.  Cranston  died,  aged  26. 

7.  Townsley's  store,  73  Quay  street,  entered  by  burglars,  who  failed 
to  get  remunerated  for  their  labor. 

9.  This  day  was  fixed  upon  by  the  Millerites  for  ending  the  functions 
of  the  Earth;  but  as  on  several  other  days  previously  appointed  for  the 
same  catastrophe,  the  planet  continued  its  accustomed  duties,  and  left 
the  deluded  sect  in  great  perplexity Sarah  Thomas  died,  aged  58. 

10.  There  had  been  transported  over  the  rail  road  to   Boston,  up  to 
this  time,  ten  months,  455,221  barrels  of  flour. 

11.  The  number  of  prisoners  in  the  Penitentiary  was  100 Flour 

$6-12;  wheat  $1-38;  barley  87c. 

13.  Catharine   Ostrander  died  at  Tully,  aged   97;  widow  of  John 
Ostrander  a  revolutionary  officer  and  former  sheriff  of  Albany. 

17.  Warm  day  for  the  season Charlotte  McCauley  died,  aged  42. 

18.  Flour  $5'87;  two-rowed  barley  87;  rye  92;  corn  75e John 

Long  died,  aged  26. 

20.  An  affray  between  two  engine  companies,  Nos.  5  and  6;  one  of 
No.  5's  men  had  his  jaw  broken  by  a  blow  with  a  pipe An  un- 
suspecting person  was  lured  up  Hudson  street  to  the  new  level,  and  there 
robbed  of  his  watch  and  $150 Martin  White  died,  aged  64. 

21.  Elizabeth  Baillie  died,  aged  74. 

22.  The  weather  at  this  time  much  resembled  summer Thomas 

Waters  died  of  apoplexy,  aged  65 Charles  Van  Loon,  pastor  of  a 

baptist  church  in  Poughkeepsie,  died  of  apoplexy,  aged  28.     He  was  a 
native  of  Albany,  and  a  young  man  of  extraordinary  talents. 

23.  Opening  lecture  before  the  Young  Men's  Association  by  Benjamin 
F.  Butler,  and  a  poem  by  Epes  Sargent. 

25.  Thanksgiving  day;  dark  and  gloomy A  foot  race  at  the 

Bull's  Head;  principal  competitors  Steeprock  and  Smoke,  two  Indians; 
Smoke  won  the  race  by  50  yards,  making  10  miles  in  Ih.  lls. ;  the  track 

heavy  after  a  rain;  500  spectators  supposed  to  have  been  present 

Brilliant  northern  licrht  in  the  evening, 


Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany.  163 

27.  A  forged  draft  presented  and  paid  at  the  Exchange  Bank,  pur- 
porting to  have  been  drawn  by  Tweddle  &  Darlington  for  $1805'25 

Thomas  Rock  died,  aged  31. 

28.  The  thermometer  fell  to  7°  in  the  morning;  the  cold  was  felt 

severely  on  account  of  the  suddenness  of  the  change James  Alfred 

Green  died,  aged  25 Alfred  Goodwin  died  at  Hartford,  Ct. ;  he 

was  of  the  firm  of  Goodwin  &  McKinney,  hatters,  of  Albany. 

29.  Flour  $6*12;  no  wheat  in  market;  barley  75c.  :  oats  48c.;  among 
the  produce  which  arrived  in  the  Albany  Basin  since  the  morning  of  the 
27th,  were  47,000  barrels  flour,  52,000  bushels  wheat,  20.000  bushels 
barley,  20,000  bushels  oats,  390,000  pounds  cheese,  and  160,000  pounds 
butter.     The  receipts  of  flour  exceeded  20,000  barrels  a  day  about  this 
time A  slight  fall  of  snow. 

30.  The  mercury  in  the  thermometer  went  down  to  zero The 

number  of  arrests  for  criminal  offences  cognizable  at  the  police  office 
during  the  year  ending  this  day,  was  2,859;  being  about  200  less  than 
the  previous  year. 

DECEMBER,  1847. 

1.  The  corner  stone  for  a  synagogue  to  accomodate  the  Jewish  con- 
gregation of  Beth  Jacob  was  laid  with  appropriate  ceremonies,  at  the 

corner  of  Lydius  and  Fulton  streets,  by  Rabbi  Wise The  amount 

of  tolls  at  the  canal  collector's  office  in  this  city  since  the  opening  of 
navigation  was  $358,067'72;  do  1846,  $263,551-03;  showing  an  increase 

of  94,517-69,   or   35   per   cent Michael   Dwyer  robbed   Olivette 

irlic^al,  a  catholic  priest,  of  $875,  on  the  Troy  Road ;  and  was  appre- 
hended *  few  days  after Laughlen  McPherson  died,  aged  89.     He 

had  resided  in \he  city  about  twenty  years,  and  was  janitor  of  the  Geo- 
logical Rooms  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

4.  A  rain  storm  had  continued  48  hours,  and  showed  no  symptoms  of 
a  termination John  W.  H.  Canoll  died,  aged  47. 

5.  Susan  Anderson   died,  aued  67.     She  was  one  of  the  18  persons 
who  first  united  to  form  a  baptist  society  in  this  city  in  the  year  1811. 

6.  The  corner  stone  of  the  edifice  for  the  use  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  was  laid  without  special  ceremony,  on  the  corner  of  Hudson  and 

Philip  streets T.  W.  Truax,  one  of  the  night  police,  in  attempting 

to  stop  a  pair  of  affrighted  horses,  received  a  blow  which   resulted  in 
death. 

7.  The  first  popular  election  of  chief  engineer  of  the  fire  department 
took  place,  when  James  McQuade  received  240  votes,  and  John  Niblock 
208;  majority  for  the  former  32.     So  great  was  the  contest  that  absent- 
ees were  brought  from  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  and  only  44  voters 

were   missing At   a   meeting   of  the  Christian  Mutual   Benefit 

Society,  Lemuel  Jenkins  was  chosen  president  for  the  ensuing  year. 

9.  A  festival  held  at  the  City  Hall  for  the  benefit  of  the  Union  Mission 
Sunday  School. 

10.  Rev.  Dr.  Scoresby  of  England,  lectured  before  the  Young  Men's 
Association,  in  the  Third  Presbyterian  church,  on  the  Telescopes  of 
Lord  Rosse. 

12.  The  river,  swollen  by  the  heavy  rains  of  almost  two  weeks' 
continuance,  overflowed  its  limits  and  submerged  the  Quay  and  lower 
part  of  the  city. 


164  Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany. 

13.  A  man  by  the  name  of  Burns  was  drowned  in  the  river  at  the 

foot  of  Hamilton  street,  by  the  capsizing  of  a  boat James  Manning 

died,  aged  23;  one  of  the  reporters  for  the  Albany  Alias. 

15.  Canal  closed. (?)     The  receipts  of  some  of  the  principal  articles 
of  breadstuffs  at  Albany  and  Watervliet  were  as  follows:  Flour  3.951,. 
722   barrels;  wheat   3,897.576    bushels;  corn   6,021,144  bushels.     The 
value  of  the  property  received  at  the  above  places  by  canal,  was  esti- 
mated at  $72,365,986 Mary  Ridgeway  died,  aged  56. 

16.  Mr.  Parsons,  proprietor  of  the  Carlton  House,  was  knocked  down 
and  robbed  of  $13S  in  the  office  of  that  hotel,  at  4  o'clock  in  the  morn- 

ing Phoebe  Lewis  died,  aged  75;  wife  of  Col.  Henry  Lewis 

Store  of  Mr.  Shoemaker  in  Broadway,  robbed  by  two  boys,  who  were 
apprehended. 

17.  Charles  D.  Townsend  died,  aged  69.     He  had  been  a  practitioner 
of  medicine  in  the  city  nearly  half  a  century,  and  acquired  considerable 

eminence   in   his    profession Oliver   Johnson   died   at   Maderia, 

whither  he  had  gone  for  the  recovery  of  his  health. 

18.  First  sleighing  of  any  note William  Roberts  died,  aged  25. 

James  Radliff  died,  aged  62 Elizabeth  Veazie  died,  wife 

of  Moses  K.  Veazie. 

19.  Catharine  Irving  died,  aged  17. 

23.  The  Middle  Dutch  Church,  which  had  been  closed  several  months 
for  repairs,  was  opened,  having  undergone  many  improvements  and 

decorations .The  first  communication  by  magnetic  telegraph  with 

St.  Louis,  Missouri » .William  Hale  died,  aged  57. 

24.  The  Columbia  steam  boat  arrived  from  New  York,  and  was  the 
last  boat  up  this  season. 

25.  Christmas — the  day  fine,  and  the  sleighing  of  the  best  kind 

Fire  in  the  bakery  of  Stephen  Paddock  ;  damage  about  $300. 

26.  Heman  J.  Whelpley  died,  aged  41>,  a  legal  practitioner  of  ex- 
tensive business,  and  an  active  member  of  the  whig  party Mar- 
garet Delehanly  died,  aged  53;  widow  of  the  late  Daniel  Delehanty. 

The  morning  train  west  (it  being  Sunday)   had  but  about  half 

a  dozen  passengers;  and  the  four  trains  during  the  day,  (two  each  way) 
carried   but  sixty-seven  altogether.     This  state  of  things  was  a  most 
powerful   argument,    undoubtedly,  for  the   suspension  of  the  Sunday 
trains,  which  was  soon  after  effected. 

30.  William  I.  Winne  died,  aged  45. 

3J.  The  Housatonic  train  was  detained  by  a  dense  fog,  and  did  not 

arrive  at  the  depot  in  East  Albany  till  10  o'clock  at  night The 

trustees  of  the  fire  department  disbursed  $429  to  indigent  and  disabled 
firemen  during  the  year. 

JANUARY,  1848. 

1.  New  Year — the  weather  scarcely  cold  enough  to  require  fire 

A  steam  boat  left  New  York,  expecting  to  reach  Albany,  but  was  de- 
barred by  the  ice Lieut.  Griffin  arrived  from  the   seat  of  war  in 

Mexico,  where  he  had  been  twice  wounded David  P.  Page,  first 

Principal  of  the  State  Normal  School,  died,  aged  38 James  Con- 
nolly, while  walking  on  the  Quay,  was  assaulted  by  a  blow,  which  caused 
his  death. 

2.  A  fire  at  2  o'clock  in  the  morning  destroyed  the  frame  building  at 


Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany.  165 

the  head  of  Van  Woert  street The  crockery  store  of  Van  Heusen 

&  Charles  in  State  street,  robbed. 
4.  The  legislature  commenced  its  session  under  the  new  constitution, 

which  limited  its  duration  to  100  days The  governor's  message, 

consisting  of  12,000  words,  was  telegraphed  to  New  York  in  8  hours. 
It  was  transmitted  to  Schenectady  by  rail  road,  in  29  minutes,  and  from 
thence  to  Utica  in  2  hours  1  minute. 

7.  River  closed. 

8.  Peter  Carmichael  died,  aged  38 James  Boyd  died,  aged  38. 

11.  Thermometer  ranged  from  15°  to  18°  below  zero. 

21.  William  B.  Winne  died,  aged  90.     He  was  48  years  penny-post- 
man  The  store  of  T.  S.  Still  well  broken  open  and  robbed. 

22.  A  pair  of  horses  belonging  to  a  farmer  in  Nassau,  while  crossing 
the  river  at  the  Greenbush  Ferry,   broke  through  the  ice  and  were 
drowned. 

24.  Robert  Taylor  died,  aged  45. 

26.  The  city  was  refreshed  with  a  shower  of  rain. 

29.  Jane  K.  Wyckoff,  wife  of  Rev.  I.  N.  Wyckoff,  died Willard 

Walker  died,  aged  79;  Jong  an  intelligent  and  enterprising  merchant. 

30.  Isaiah  Breakey,  physician,  died,  aged  50 James  A.  Coulter 

died,  aged  28 Hugh  Riddle,  a  convict  in  the  Penitentiary,  commit- 
ted suicide. 

31.  The  sabbath  schools  in  the  city  numbered  33,  with  554  teachers, 

and  2,497  scholars Number  of  criminal  arrests  in  the  city  during 

the  month,  214 Alms  House  expenses  for  the  month,  $3,544. 

FEBRUARY,  1848. 

1.  Annual  meeting  of  the  New  York  State  Medical  Society;  Dr.  Alex. 
H.  Stevens,  president;  Dr.  Alex.  H.  Thompson,  vice-president;  Dr.  Peter 
Van  Buren,  secretary;  Dr.  Peter  Van  OLinda,  treasurer. 

2.  The  committee  of  the  whole  in  the  House  of  Assembly,  struck  out 
the  enacting  clause  of  the  bill  to  encourage  the  discovery  of  coal  in  the 

counties  of  Albany  and  Rensselaer A  special  meeting  of  the  Com- 

mon  Council,  on  the  resignation  of  the  ward  physicians,  to  devise  means 

of  supplying  the  poor  with  medical  attendance Meeting  of  the 

Board  of  Trade  to  elect  its  officers;  Wm.  Chapman,  president. 

4.  Jasper  Hallenbake,  M.  D.,  died  at  New  Orleans,  aged  39;  formerly 

of  Albany Snow  storm  commenced  on  Friday  and  continued  till 

Saturday  evening;  the  mildness  of  the  weather  prevented  its  accumula- 
tion. 

6.  The  store  of  W.  &,  A.  Kerr  entered ;  a  bootless  depredation. 

7.  Major-General  Quitman  arrived  in  the  city  from  Mexico,  and  met 
with  an  enthusiastic  reception;  after  which  he  made  the  tour  of  the 
town,  escorted  by  the  military. 

9.  Mayor's  Court,  Recorder  Wright  presiding,  who  announced   that 
there  were  16  persons  in  jail  awaiting  trial.    The  civil  calendar  num- 
bered 12  cases Catharine  Maher  died,  aged  25. 

10.  Elisha  C.  Porter  died,  aged  34. 

11.  A  stranger  from  Poiighkeepsie  robbed  of  a  watch  valued  at  $170, 
at  a  bowling  saloon  in  Washington  street. 

12.  Livingston  Ludlow  Humphrey  died,  aged  23. 


166  Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany. 

14.  Catharine  Van  Zandt  died,  aged  60;  widow  of  John  Van  Zandt. 
Upwards  of  7,000  valentines  passed  through  the  post  office. 

17.  The  sheriff  going  out  to  Bern  to  sell  property  taken  for  rent,  was 
followed  by  forty  men  on  horseback,  blowing  horns  and  insulting  him 
and  his  posse.  No  bids  being  made  on  the  property,  he  brought  away 
a  pair  of  horses  and  a  wagon. 

19.  William  Jenkinson  died,  aged  81 Emma  Webster  died,  aged 

21 ;  wife  of  M.  L.  Webster The  Directors  of  the  New  York  and 

Albany  Rail  Road  decided  on  adopting  the  river  line  of  survey,  ten  to 
two. 

20.  The  number  of  convictions  for  state  prison  offences  in  the  city 
during  the  last  ten  years,  335.    Three  persons  in  that  time  were  con- 
victed of  murder,  of  which  number  one  was  hung.    The  number  of  petit 
larceny  convictions,  800. 

21.  Aurora  borealis,  which  assumed  such  an  unusual  appearance,  as 
to  cause  an  alarm  of  fire. 

22.  The  anniversary  of  Washington's  birthday  celebrated  with  great 

enthusiasm George  W.  Hawley  died,  aged  39 John  Carroll 

died. 

23.  The  store  of  Samuel  W.  King  on  Arbor  Hill,  robbed  of  a  quantity 

of  goods  and  money Elizabeth  Davis  died,  aged  53 Jane 

Anderson  died,  aged  29. 

24.  Announcement  of  the  death  of  John  Quincy  Adams John 

W.  Jackson  died,  aged  66. 

25.  William  Nordin  died,  aged  56. 

26.  Assault  upon  Mortimer  J.  Smith,  editor  of  the  Castigator,  with 
slung  shot,  by  two  men  disguised Amy  Roberts  died,  aged  80. 

27.  Navigation  open  as  far  north  as  Hudson The  store  of  David 

Van  Cott,  in  Lydius  street,  robbed  of  $50  worth  of  cigars. 

29.  Prof.  Asassiz  commenced  his  course  of  lectures  on  Natural  His- 
tory at  the  Albany  Female  Academy Fire  in  Dean  street,  No.  3 ; 

porter  house  burnt Lester  Bucklin  Brown  died,   aged  22 

JaneFrazer  died,  aged  77;  wife  of  John  Frazer During  the  month 

there  were  175  cases  under  medical  treatment  at  the  Alms  House,  of 
which  7  died. 

MARCH,  1848. 

1.  A  fire  about  1  o'clock  in  the  morning,  at  No.  83  Quay  street,  which 
communicated  with  about  20  brick  and  wooden  buildings  on  the  Dock 
and  Broadway,  below  Hamilton  street.     Richard  Gillespie,  a  printer, 
was  killed  by  the  falling  of  a  wall,  and  two  persons  were  burnt  in  the 
house  where  the  fire  originated.     Loss  of  property  estimated  at  $70,000. 

2.  Richard  Van  Zandt  died,  aged  23. 

3.  Benjamin  Van  Benthuysen  died,  aged  70;  Laura  A.  Bowers  died, 
aged  26;  wife  of  Augustus  Bowers. 

4.  Horace  H.  Gladding  died,  aged  20 ;  Miss  Buddington,  a  pupil  of 
the  Normal  School,  died. 

5.  Richard  Rosier  died,  aged  73;  Isabella  Orr  died,  aged  57;  wife  of 
Samuel  Orr. 

6.  Joseph  Curtiss  died,  aged  71;  Melissa  Prime  died,  aged  34}  James 
H.  Brown  died,  aged  42. 


Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany.  167 

7.  The  house  14  Jay  street  robbed  of  the  entire  clothing  of  a  lodger. 

Circulation  of  the  Albany  Evening  Journal,  daily,  weekly  and 

semi-weekly,  stated  to  be  14,400. 

8.  The  store  of  Mr.  Hadley  on  the  Dock  broken  open  and  robbed  of 
a  bad  $20  bill Stephen  Traver  died,  aged  37. 

10.  The  grand  jury  presented  "  the  rum  and  beer  shops  "of  the  city 
and  county  as  a  very  serious  evil,  nearly  all  the  business  brought  before 
the  grand  jury  originating  in  these  places ;  that  in  their  opinion  the 
great  expenses  incurred  by  the  county  for  Alms  House,  Penitentiary 
and  Jail  expenditures  grow  out  of  the  riots,  robberies,  assaults  and  bat- 
teries, and  violations  of  the  sabbath  that  occur  or  are  connected  with 
these  places. 

11.  Thomas  W.  Harman,  attorney,  died  at  Schenectady,  formerly  a 
resident  in  Albany. 

12.  Alice  Adaline  Tallman  died,  aged  44;  wife  of  Jonathan  Tallman. 

Ruth  Ann  Glovenbury  died  suddenly,  suspected  to    have  been 

murdered A  meteor  observed  about  11  o'clock  in  the  evening,  in 

the   northwest,    which   burst  with   an   intonation  resembling    distant 
thunder. 

13.  Among  the  bills  reported  in  the  Assembly  was  one  for  the  remo- 
val of  the  capital  to  New  York;  one  for  the  construction  of  a  bridge  over 
the  Basin;  and  one  against  the  construction  of  a  bridge  over  the  Hudson 
at  Albany Ambrose  Spencer  died  at  Lyons,  aged  83  ;  he  was  ma- 
ny years  chief  justice  of  the  state,  and  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  most 
distinguished  jurists  which  the  country  has  produced.     He  was  interred 

at  Albany Lawrence  L.  Schuyler  died,  aged  49 A  house  in 

Green  street  robbed  of  a  box  of  jewelery  valued  ?.t  $100 Attack 

upon  Mortimer  J.  Smith,  editor  of  the   Castigator,  by  several  persons, 
one  of  whom  struck  him  in  the  face  with  a  slung  shot. 

14.  A  meeting  of  citizens  of  Watervliet,  when  several  thousand  dol- 
lars were  subscribed  towards  building  a  plank  road  from  Albany  to  the 

Mohawk  river,  with  a  view  to  its  continuance  to  Saratoga The 

managers  of  the  Married  Sociable  transmitted  to  the   treasurer  of  the 
Orphan  Asylum  $304'50,  the  avails  of  their  ball  given  on  the  7lh  in  aid 

of  the  funds  of  that  institution A  lad  robbed  the  store  of  Ford  8c 

Grant  of  $30. 

15.  Cold  day;  3°  below  0,  at  5  o'clock  in  the  morning Philip 

Vanderlip  died,   aged  54 Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  Cooper's  Building, 

corner  Green  and  State  street,  dedicated Broadway  Theatre  rob- 
bed of  $91  in  specie. 

17.  St.  Patrick's  day  celebrated  with  unusual  ceremonies  at  the  Cath- 
olic churches,    and  by  the  Hibernian  Provident  Society Thomas 

Lee  died,  ased  59 David  B.  Beatson,  late  of  Albany,  died  in  New 

York.  aged^40. 

18.  The  funeral  of  Judge  Ambrose  Spencer  took  place  from  St.  Pe- 
ters church.     The  procession  was  one  of  the  most  imposing  that  had 

been  witnessed  in  many  years Capt.  John  Cook,  of  the  Artillery, 

left  the  city  for  the  army  in  Mexico,  and  was  escorted  to  the  depot  by 
his  company. 

19.  Chapel  of  the  Penitentiary  formally  dedicated;  sermon  by  Dr. 

Wyckoff  on  the  occasion The  stores  of  Ainsworth  &,  Northrup  and 

Samuel  Carey,  in  State  street,  robbed ;  the  booty  very  small Rich- 


163  Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany. 

ard  Graves  died Mrs.  Elizabeth  Foot  died,  aged  44 Henry 

Y.  Lansing  died,  aged  29. 

20.  A  farmer  from  Knox  robbed  of  his  pocket  book  by  the  ostler  of 

Lockwood's  tavern Capt.  B.  S.  Roberts,  of  the  Mounted  Rifles, 

who  was  the  first  to  plant  the  American  flag  upon  the  national  palace 
of  Mexico,  and  the  first  to  enter  the  halls  of  ihe.Montezumas,  arrived  in 
Albany  and  received  calls  at  the  Mansion  House Sarah  Bay  Liv- 
ingston died  at  New  York;  widow  of  the  late  Edward  Livingston  and 

youngest   daughter  of   the  late    Chancellor  Livingston Rebecca 

Elizabeth  Mix  died,  aged  22 John  Niblock,  walking  in  the  eve- 
ning i*i  Broadway,  was  assailed  and  stabbed  in  both  arms. 

21.  The  steam  boat  Columbia  reached  Van  Wie's  Point,  six  miles 
below  the  city. 

22.  The  ice  slipped  away  quietly,  without  subjecting  us  to  the  usual 
annoyance  of  high  water,  and  the  steam  boat  Admiral  arrived  during  the 

day,  and  left  again  in  the  evening  for  iN'ew  York Charles  Quacken- 

boss  died  of  congestion  of  the  brain,  aged  33. 

23.  Sarah  Tompkins  died,  aged  38. 

24.  The  bill  authorising  the  construction  of  a  bridge  across  the  Basin 
at  the  foot  of  Slate  street,  of  the  full  width  of  the  street,  and  another 
for  opening  a  street  on  the  Pier  to  the  same  width,  passed  the  Assembly. 

26.  The  leather  factory  of  C.  Hepinslall,  in  Washington  street,  rob- 
bed of  a  quantity  of  leather. 

27.  The  steam  boat  Isaac  Newton,  on  her  way  up  the  Hudson,  ran  down 

and  sunk  a  schooner The  first  tow  boat  fleet  of  the  season  arrived 

from  New  York,  consisting  of  17  barges,  conveyed  by  the  old  Commerce, 
and  laden  with  spring  importations  for  Albany  merchants  principally. 
The  chamberlain  reported  that  the  whole  expense  of  medical  ser- 
vice for  the  poor  since  May  1,  1847,  was  $2,832  12 Amount  of  busi- 
ness done  at  the  Justices'  court,  for  the  year  ending  this  day,  as  follows: 
whole  number  of  suits  2,400;  amount  of  fees,  $3  300;  of  which  $1,189-83 
remained  uncollected.     Each  of  the  members  of  the  court  (three  justices 
and  one  clerk)  received  $527  56;  do.  the  previous  year  $738'87. 

23.  The  two  sections  of  the  democratic  party  united  in  the  nomina- 
tion of  Dr.  Thomas  Hun  for  Mayor The  store  of  F.  P.  Malburn  in 

Lydius  street  robbed  of  $20;  that  of  H.  Knowlton  in  Broadway  of  75 
cents;  and  an  unsuccessful  attempt  made  to  enter  that  of  A.  B.  Brown. 
Albany  and  Cohoes  Rail  Road  bill  passed  the  Senate. 

29.  Nicholas  Van  Rensselaer,  a  soldier  of  the  revolution,  died,  aged 
94.     He  was  with  Montgomery  at  the  storming  of  Quebec;  was  at  Ti- 
conderoga,  Fort  Miller,  Fort  Ann,  and  at  Bemis's  Heights,  and  was 
deputed  to  convey  the  intelligence  of  Burgoyne's  surrender  to  the  citi- 
zens of  Albany A  young  man  of  fashionable  appearance  arrested 

for  passing  counterfeit  money. 

30.  A  house  in  Orange  street  robbed  of  a  watch  by  Catharine  Tan- 
ner  The  whiss  nominated  John  Taylor  for  mayor. 

31.  Anna  Maria  Tyler  died,  aged  51;  wife  of  Benjamin  0.  Tyler. 

APRIL,  1848. 

1.  William  Caldwell,  a  retired  merchant,  died,  aged  72.     His  place  of 
business,  in  which  he  succeeded  his  father,  James  Caldwell,  was  at 


Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany.  169 

No.  58   State  street.     Since  his  retirement,  he  resided  principally  at 

Caldwell,  Lake  George,  where  he  had  a  large  estate Margaret 

Jane  Bell  died,  aged  21;  daughter  of  Joseph  Bell. 

3.  Isabella  Adeline  Peckham,  died;  wife  of  Rufus  H.  Peckham,  and 
daughter  of  Rev.  Win.  B.  Lacy. 

4.  John  T.  Richards  died,  aged  23 Richard  Thompson  died, 

aged  45. 

'5.  The  dwelling  house  21  Green  street  robbed  of  a  quantity  of  clothing. 

6..  A  dwelling  robbed  of  $30 A  fire  in  Chapel  street  destroyed 

a  carpenter's  shop  and  the  candle  factory  of  Josiah  Winants Hon. 

Wm.  H.  Seward  delivered  an  eulogy  on  the  late  John  Quincy  Adams,  in 
the  North  Dutch  Church A  splendid  display  of  aurora  borealis. 

7.  Fire  corner  Green  and  Bleecker  streets Charles  Davis  died, 

aged  26 Maria  Vibbard  died,  aged  30;  wife  of  Philip  G.  Vibbard. 

8.  An  attempt  to  rob  William  Gibbs,  on  the  Troy  road,  who  defended 
himself  so  well  as  to  escape  with  his  life  and  money. 

9.  Caroline  Schmidt  died,  wife  of  Rev.  F.  W.  Schmidt,  pastor  of  the 
German  Lutheran  Church. 

10.  The  store  of  James  Taylor,  corner  of  Green  and  South  Lansing 
streets,  robbed  of  $10  in  specie. 

11.  Charter  election,  which  resulted  in  the  success  of  the  whig  can- 
didate for  mayor,  by  129  majority.     The  vote  stood  for  Taylor  31 15;  for 

Hun  2977 The  legislature  appropriated  $15,000  for  the  erection  of 

an  edifice  for  the  State  Normal  School — a  sum  quite  inadequate  to  the 
purpose. 

12.  The  legislature,  having  sat  out  its  term  of  one  hundred  days,  pre- 
scribed by  the  new  constitution,  adjourned  at  2  o'clock  in  the  afternoon, 
having  passed  331  laws. 

13.  Catharine  Douw  died,   widow  of  John  D.   P.  Douw Mary 

Ann  La  Grange  died,  aged  51 Gertrude  Van  Sanforddied,  aged  67. 

14.  The  new  steam  tug  Baltic,  intended  for  the  service  of  the  Albany 
Tow  Boat  Company,  came  up  to  take  her  place  in  the  line A  hali- 
but, captured  off  St.  George's  Bank,  weighing  upwards  of  300  Ibs.,  dis- 
played in  the  Albany  fish  market Meeting  of  Germans,  French 

and  Poles  at  the  National  Hotel,  to  celebrate  the  establishment  of  a  re- 
public in  France,  and  the  rapid  progress  of  republicanism  throughout 
Germany  and  Europe. 

15.  The  law  went  into  effect  prohibiting  dogs  from  running  at  large 

without  muzzles A  fire  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Basin  above  Colo- 

nie  street,  destroyed  much  property  and  rendered  several  families  house- 
less; loss  about  $12,000.     A  riot  among  the  firemen. 

18.  Meeting  of  the  new  board  of  Common  Council  for  organization. 
The  following  appointments  were  made:  L.  D.  Holslein,  clerk  ;  H.  H. 
Hickcox,  dep.  chamberlain;   Hooper  C.  Van  Vorst,  attorney;   George 
W.  Carpenter,  surveyor;  Samuel  McElroy,  assistant  surveyor;  Nelson 
W.  Scovel,  marshal;  John  McBride,   overseer  of  poor;   Henry  B.  Fay 
alms-house  physician. 

19.  Cold  day;  snow  fell  to  a  considerable  depth,  accompanied  by  a 

piercing  wind  from  the  north Mary  Jane  Wright  died,  aged  29  • 

wife  of  Samuel  Wright. 

20.  James  Farrell  died,  aged  78 Garrett  Middleton  died,  aged 

15 


170  Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany. 

21.  Riot,  corner  South  Pearl  and  Rensselaer  streets ;    two  persons 
broke  into  the  store  of  Albert  Allen,  beat  and  robbed  him,  and  were  ar- 
rested therefor. 

22.  Joseph  Graham  died,  aged  35 The  Armenia,  a  new  steam 

boat,  left  New  York  at  7  o'clock  in  the  morning,  made  the  usual  land- 
ings, and  arrived  at  the  dock  at  4  o'clock A  fire,  supposed  to  have 

been  incendiary,  consumed  the  out  houses  in  the  rear  of  111  Washing- 
ton street;  2  horses  burnt. 

23.  Fire  on  the  corner  of  Dallius  and  Herkimer  streets  burnt  off'  the 
roof. 

24.  Great  fires;  commenced  on  the  corner  of  Westerlo  and  Church 
streets,  at  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  and  before  it  was  quelled,  destroyed 
twenty  buildings  on  Church,  Westerlo,  Dallius  and  John  streets,  and 
among  them  the  Free  Missionary  Protestant  Church.     Loss  estimated 
at  $30,000.    This  fire  was  hardly  subdued,  before  another  broke  out 
about  10  o'clock  in  the  evening,  near  the  corner  of  Green  and  Beaver 
streets,  which  destroyed  about  twenty  more  buildings,  valued  at  more 
than  $60,000 Margaret  Yates  died;  wife  of  Benjamin  Yates. 

25.  The  store  of  Burrows  &  Nelligar,  corner  South  Pearl  and  Plain 
streets,  robbed  of  $28 William  Hamburgh  died,  aged  20. 

26.  Chester  Moore  died  of  apoplexy,  aged  55 Sarah  Dodge  died, 

aged  83;  widow  of  Edmond    Dodge Catharine  M.  Van  Buren 

died,  aged  30  ;  wife  of  S.  G.  Van  Buren. 

27.  Elizabeth  Whalen  died,  aged  64;  wife  of  Jeremiah  Whalen. 

28.  Jewish  Synagogue,  Beth   Jacob,  in   Fulton  street,  consecrated. 
Great  meeting  at  the  Capitol  of  the  friends  of  progressive  liber- 
ty, to  congratulate  on  the  recent  movements  in  Europe. 

29.  Jane  McNaughton  died,  wife  of  Peter  McNaughton The 

Carlton  House,  corner  of  South  Pearl  and  State  street,  took  fire,  and 

narrowly  escaped  destruction;  loss  about  $1000 A  twro  story  frame 

house,  corner  of  Centre  and  Colonie  streets,  took  fire  about  9  o'clock 

and  was  partially  destroyed Ten  Eyck's  soap  and  candle  factory 

in  Green  street  took  fire  about  10  o'clock About  1  o'clock  the 

Carlton  House  was  again  on  fire,  but  was  soon  extinguished At 

11  o'clock  in  the  evening,  a  fire  was  discovered  in  John  street,  which 
consumed  a  shed  and  stable  ;  a  horse  was  badly  burnt The  coro- 
ner and  four  men  going  in  a  wagon  to  hold  an  inquest  on  the  body  of  a 
man  drowned,   were  precipitated  down  the  embankment  of   a  canal 
bridge  above  the  Patroon's  mansirn,  and  the  whole  party  so  severely 

injured,  that  another  coroner  was  called  to  officiate A  portion  of 

the   walls  of  the  Westerlo  street  church,  which  was  burnt  at  the  late 
fire,  were  blown  down  by  the  high  wind,  i.nd  buried  two  boys. 

30.  A  carpenter  shop  on  the  Patroon's  creek  burnt The  Dundee 

Warehouse,  corner  S.  Pearl  and  Division  street,  set  on  fire  in  the  base- 

ment Mary  Maher  died,  aged  60;  wife  of  James  Maher 

Sarah  Schuyler  died,  widow  of  liarmanus  P.  Schuyler. 

MAY,  1848. 

J.  The  Common  Council  made  the  annual  appointments  of  watchmen, 
street-inspectors,  &c.,  and  offered  a  standing  reward  of  $100  for  the  dis- 
covery of  any  person  engaged  in  setting  fire  to  any  building  in  the  city. 


Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany.  171 

2.  James  Foster  died,  aged  62 Elizabeth  M.  Osbrey  died,  aged 

28;  wife  of  William  L.  Osbrey. 

3.  Caroline  Smith,  accused  of  stealing  a  child,  having  several  times 
escaped  the  hands  of  justice,  was  finally  tried  and  convicted,  and  sen- 
tenced to  three  years  imprisonment  at  Sing  Sing. 

4.  A  fire  9t  2  o'clock  in  the  morning  destroyed  two  houses  and  a  stable 
in  Denniston  street,  and  burnt  three  horses.     Two  robberies  were  com- 
mitted at  the  same  time Betsey  Bently  died,  aged  80;  widow  of 

Capt.  Randall  Bentley.   James  Gough  died,  aged  37. 

5.  The   house  corner  of  Broadway  and   Lumber  streets  burnt  at  1 
o'clock  in  the  morning The  steam  boats  Alida  and  Hendrik  Hud- 
son left  New  York  at  7  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  arrived  at  Albany, 
the  former  at  2  o'clock  55  minutes,  and  the  latter  15  minutes  after,  hav- 
ing made  but  one  landing  on  the  way  up.     The  time  made  by  the  Alida 
was  as  follows  :  Caldwell  9h.  7m.;  West  Point,  9h.  34m. ;  Newburgh, 
9h.  55iw.  ;  Poushkeepsie  lOh.  40m.  ;  (landed  2lm.);  Hyde  Park  11*.; 
Catskill,  22/i.  31m. ;  Athens,    12A.  42m. ;  Albany,  2h.  55»i.     The  two 
boats  not  more  than  15m.  apart  during  the  whole  eight  hours,  with  an 
ebb  tide. 

6.  Peter  Drum  died,  aged  45. 

8.  Steam  propeller  Albany  arrived  from  Hartford,  intended  for  freight 
and  passengers;  length  140  feet,  burden  240  tons;  built  in  Philadelphia, 
Alfred  Wickes  died,  aged  30. 

9.  Mrs.  Merrifield,  wife  of  Richard  Merrifield,  died.. , . , . , Meeting 
of  the  friends  of  Ireland  at  the  City  Hall;  adopted  a  constitution,  and 
elected  officers,  John  Tracy  in  the  chair;  Robt.  Higgins  and  Matthew 
Jordan,  secretaries;  Wm.  Hawe,  treasurer. 

10.  Hannah  Vosburgh  died,  aged  82 George  W.  Gardner  died, 

aged  35 Nearly  1000  Swiss  emigrants  arrived  by  the  morning 

boats,  on  their  way  to  Wisconsin. 

11.  Store  of  Daniel  Brown,  corner  Broadway  and  Colonie  streets,  rob- 
bed  of  $10  cash  and  other  articles Abram  Pittinger  died,  aged  47. 

12.  High  water;  a  rise  of  5  feet  in  17  hours;  docks  overflowed.. 

William  Newton  of  Albany  died  at  Vera  Cruz,  aged  24. 

13.  The  Albany  and  Cohoes  Rail  Road  Company  elected  its  officers. 

Two  frame  houses  in  Centre  street  destroyed  by  fire Levi 

S.  Hoffman  died,  aged  45  ..... .Ann  Taylor  died,  wife  of  Robert  Taylor. 

14.  Severe  frost,  which  nipt  many  tender  buds., ,,.,  .Edmund  Hall, 
arrested  for  a  robbery  committed  the  night  previous, 

15.  The  Board  of  Trade  commenced  operations  in  the  rotunda  of  the 

Exchange The  camphene  store  of  S.  T.  Thorn,  in  Church  street, 

took  fire,  which  communicated  with  twenty-five  other  buildings  before 
it  was  arrested.     A  Dutch  immigrant  lost  $1450  in  gold,  his  all. 

16.  The  store  of  George  Dexter,  57  State  street,  robbed  of  $25, 

17.  Two  fires  occurred,  attended  with  small  damage. 

18.  William  A.  McKown  died,  aged  39. 

19.  An  attempt  made  to  fire  the  buildings  between  Philip  and  Grand 
streets  without  success. Michael  Henley  died, 

20.  The  office  of  Joy  &  Monteath,  on  the  Dock,  robbed  of  $8  in  change, 
and  over  $300  in   counterfeit  money  which  had  accumulated  during 
several  years  business. 

23.  Hazeltine's  store  in  Washington  street  robbed  of  $60;  also  the 
of  Joseph  Dayjs  in  State  street  robbed  of  several  dollars, 


172  Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany. 

24.  The  store  of  Daniel  Fry  robbed  of  $25, William  B.  Emer- 
son died,  aged  36. 

29.  David  Newland's  house,  456  Broadway,  took  fire;  damage  small. 

30.  A  sportsman's  club  organized,  at  a  meeting  of  citizens  at  the 
Broadway  House;  having  for  its  object  the  observance  of  the  law  for 
the  preservation  of  game. 

31.  John  G.  Russ  drowned  in  the  basin,  in  attempting  to  get  on  board 

a  canal  boat;  his  wife  and  children  were  present  at  the  occurrence 

Business  of  the  Justices'  Court  for  the  month  of  May;  suits  commenced, 
270;  amounts  received  for  costs,  $194.12;  amount  outstanding,  $115. 
A  frost  at  some  places  near  the  city. 

JUNE,  1848. 

1.  Capt.  Edward  Whitney  died,  aged  49 Mary  Schuyler  died, 

aged  63;  widow  of  Samuel  Schuyler Elizabeth  Garretson  died. 

2.  Cowell's  store  on  the  dock  broken  open,  and  robbed  of  $15 

James  C.  Mull,  stabbed  several  days  previously  by  an  insane  man,  died 
of  his  wounds. 

3.  Shoe  store  of  William  Fossard  broken  open  and  robbed  of  boots 
and  shoes. 

4.  Matthew  Gregory  died,  aged  91;  he  was  an  officer  of  tho  revolu- 
tion, and  one  of  the  few  survivors  of  the  ancient  order  of  Cincinnati. 
He  came  to  this  city  soon  after  the  war,  was  successful  in  business, 
and  retired  with  an  ample  fortune. 

5.  The  Albany  County  Court  entertained  an  application  for  the  in- 
corporation of  the  village  of  Cohoes,  under  the  act  of  1847.    The  village 
contains  an  area  of  1|  square  miles,  and  has  a  population  of  4,200  in- 
habitants. 

6.  A  barn  burnt  on  Arbor  Hill ;  a  battle  with  paving  stones  between 
a  crowd  of  boys,  for  the  honor  of  drawing  a  hose  cart. 

7.  The  great  menagarie  of  Sands,  Lent  &  Co.,  entered  the  city,  pre- 
senting a  pageant  of  some  interest.     The  huge  gilded  chariot,  drawn  by 
four  large  elephants,  contrasted  singularly  enough  with  the  Liliputian 
chariot,  drawn  by  eight  Shetland  ponies. 

12.  The  store  of  Mr.  Van  Heusen.  corner  of  Broadway  and  Bleecker 
street,  broken  open,  and  a  quantity  of  butter  carried  off. . .  .  The  Com- 
mon Council  refused  to  grant  $250  towards  defraying  the  expenses  of 
the  Fourth  of  July  Celebration,  whereat  much  wrath  and  indignation 
was  enkindled. 

16.  A  fire  in  the  charcoal  vault  of  the  Delavan  House,  which  was  ex- 
tinguished with  small  damage. 

17.  A  large  building,  supposed  to  he  set  on  fire,  situated  between 

North  Pearl  and  Ten  Broeck  streets,  was  burnt The  Pearl  Street 

House  burnt Andrew  Lloyd  died,  aged  74 Abby  M.  Dela- 
van died,  aged  47 ;  wife  of  Edward  C.  Delavan. 

22.  Datus  E.  Frost's  provision  store,  corner  of  Lydius  and  Swan  streets, 
destroyed  by  fire,  occasioned  by  the  explosion  of  a  camphene  lamp. 
The  firemen  had  a  riot  on  the  corner  of  State  and  Pearl  streets.  The 
walks  and  streets  were  plentifully  sprinkled  with  bricks  and  stones,  on 
the  following  morning,  and  the  doors  and  windows  of  the  houses  in  the 
vicinity,  presented  indellible  marks  of  the  force  with  which  the  missiles 
were  hurled. 


Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany.  173 

25.  An  attempt  was  made  to  break  into  the  grocery  store,  corner  of 
North  Pearl  and  Van  Schaick  streets,  but  a  series  of  difficulties  inter- 
posed to  render  the  enterprise  unsuccessful. 

26.  Anna  Garrison  died,  aged  97. 

27.  A  meeting  in  the  park,  announced  by  the  blaze  of  tar  and  the  roar 
of  cannon,  to  respond  to  the  nomination  of  Taylor  and  Fillmore. 

29.  Anna  Matilda  Visscher  died. 

30.  James  Lightbody  died,  aged  S3. 

JULY,  1848. 

1.  Elizabeth  Campbell  died,  aged  18. 

2.  Corner  stone  of  the  Catholic  Cathedral  laid,  on  the  corner  of  Eagle 

and  Lydius  streets,  by  Bishop  Hughes Charles  Sayles  died,  aged 

70. 

4.  The  national  holiday  celebrated  -with  its  usual  accompaniments, 
but  with  an  unwonted  sullenness.  on  account  of  what  was  deemed  an 
overweening  parsimony  on  the  part  of  the  Common  Council  in  with- 
holding supplies  for  ammunition,  ad  libitum The  remains  of  Capt. 

Abraham  Van  OLinda  arrived  in  the  morning,  from  Mexico,  and  were 
escorted  to  the  City  Hall. 

5.  Twentieth  anniversary  of  the  Albany  Female  Seminary,   under 
Rev.  Mr.  Garfield. 

7.  The  funeral  honors  to  the  remains  of  Capt.  Van  OLinda  were  per- 

formed.     The   eulogy  by  Col.  John  Sharts A  man  killed  by  an 

accident,  while  laying  the  foundation  of  the  Cathedral,  in  Lydius  street. 
John  Summers  died. 

8.  As  an  instance  of  commercial  despatch  quite   extraordinary,  the 
steam  propeller  Mohawk  arrived  from  Hartford   in  the  morning,  was 
unladen,  took  in  about  300  tons  of  freight,  mostly  com,  and  sailed  on 
her  return  the  same  evening. 

9.  Catharine  Staats  died,  aged  65;   wife  of  William  N.  Staats 

Bridget  English  died,  wife  of~Palnck  English. 

11.  Canal  Bank  closed  by  order  of  the  comptioller,  and  a  commission 

issued  to  investigate  its  concerns Splendid  display  of  aurora  bo- 

realis  in  the  evening Seventh  anniversary  of  the  Alumnae  of  the 

Albany  Female  Academy. 

13.  The  workmen  engaged  in  laying  gas  pipes  in  Broadway,  above 
Steuben  street,  came  in  contact  with  the  foundation  of  the  ancient  man- 
sion of  Gen.  Ten  Broeck,  which  half  a  century  ago  stood  across  Broad- 
way at  that  point.     At  the  time  it  was  built  it  was  outside  of  the  city 

walls  or  palisades The  Boston  City  Guards  arrived,  as  the  guests 

of  the  Albany  Burgesses  Corps,  by  whom  they  were  received  and  es- 
corted  Enthusiastic  meeting  of  the  Friends  of  Ireland  at  the  Capi- 
tol, Hon.  Erastus  Corning  presiding.     There  was  universal  sympathy 
for  the  cause  of  Ireland,  in  view  of  the  expected  outbreak  in  that  coun- 
try, for  freedom  from  British  dominion The  store  of  Lehrberg  & 

Lederer,  in  south  Broadway,  robbed  of  $1,500  worth  of  silks. 

14.  This,  it  is  believed,  was  the  first  day  of  the  discontinuance  of  the 
Sunday  train  of  cars  west George  S.  Brown  died,  aged  38. 

15.  Anna  T.  Gough  died,  wife  of  John  T.  Gough. 

16.  Garret  Hogan  died,  aged  65.    He  had  filled  the  offices  of  county 


174  Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany. 

treasurer,  deputy  sheriff,  and  varions  other  places  of  trust,  with  great 
fidelity  and  zeal  for  the  public  interest.  He  resigned  the  office  of  se- 
cretary of  the  Albany  County  Mutual  Insurance  Company,  on  account 
of  ill  health,  some  time  before  his  death,  the  business  of  which  he  had 
conducted  with  faithfulness  nearly  eight  years. 

17.  The  steam  boat  Oswego  arrived  from  New  York  with  a  fleet  of  5 

barges  and  24  Jake  boats  in  tow.  all  heavily  laden Upwards  of 

300  men  engaged   in  the  construction  of  a  new  depot  to  accommodate 
the  increasing  trade  between  this  city  and  Boston.     Its  dimensions  are 
750  feet  by  133  feet;   believed  to  be  the  largest  building  in  the  United 
States. 

19.  Feast  of  St.  Vincent  observed  at  St.  Joseph's  Church,  by  the  cele- 
braiion  of  the  pontifical  high  mass  by  Bishop  McCloskey,  and  the  pane- 
gyric of  St.  Vincent  was  delivered  by  Rev.  Dr.  McCaffrey,  of  Maryland. 

The  Rev.  Benj.  N.  Martin   was  installed  pastor  of  ihe  Fourth 

Presbyterian  Church.     The  Rev.  E.  N.  Kirk  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Fisher  of 

Cincinnati,  former  pastors  of  the  church,  officiated  on  the  occasion 

Meeting  of  the  Barnburners  at  the  Capitol,  to  respond   to  the  nomina- 
tion of  Martin  Van  Buren  for  president;  Dr.  Barent  P.  Staats  in  the 
chair. 

18.  Dr.  Henry  McHarg  died ,  aged  23 William  Long  died,  aged 

62 Henry  R.  Gossman  died  at  Cayuga  Bridge,  aged  28  ;  formerly 

of  Albany Ann  Kilkenny  died,  aged  29;  wife  of  Francis  Kilkenny. 

20.  John  Leonard  died,  aged  18. 

21.  An  abortive  attempt  to  fire  the  Tivoli  Rail  Road  ?rlills,   at  the 

upper  end  of  Broadway About  700  recruits  passed  through  the 

city  in  the  morning,  destined  for  the  newly  acquired  territory  in  Mexico. 

24.  Sarah  Juslina  Fassett  died,  aged  23. 

25.  Company  H,   1st  Regiment  New  York  Volunteers,   Capt.  Farns- 
worth,  arrived  on  board  the  Hendrik  Hudson,  and  were  gallantly  re- 
ceived  by  the  several  military  companies  of  the  city,  consisting  of  the 
Albany  Republican  Artillery,  Albany  Burgesses  Corps,  Emmet  Guards, 
Van  Rensselaer  Guards,  and  Washington  Riflemen.     Capt    Farnsworth 
succeeded  to  the  command  on  the  death  of  Van  OLinda.     Of  the  70  pri- 
vates who  left  the  city,  but  45  returned. 

28.  Anniversary  of  the  district  schools.     The  pupils   assembled  in 
the  Capitol  Park,  to  the  number  of  upwards  of  2000,  and  walked  in 
procession  to  Kane's  Walk,  corner  of  South  Pearl  and  Westerlo  streets, 
where  appropriate  exercises  were  held. 

29.  John  S.  Vandervolgen  died. 

30.  Cornelius  Alexander  died A  robber  assaulted  alady  in  the 

street,  who  was  accompanied  by  another  lady  and  a   gentleman,  and 
wrested  from  her  hand  a  purse  of  money  and  a  ring  valued  at  $20,  with 
which  he  fled  and  eluded  pursuit. 

31.  A  new  organ  of  great  power,  recently  placed  in  the  Middle  Dutch 
Church,  was  opened  for  public  inspection.     It  was  the  largest  in  the  city, 

and  cost  $4,000 A  meeting  at  the  Capitol  of  the  friends  of  Ireland, 

the  mayor  in  the  chair Great  rain  storm  at  night,  which  damaged 

streets  and  houses.     Nearly  2  inches  of  rain  fell,  about  a  week's  supply 

in  a  rainy  season The  steam  boat  Oregon,  on  her  trip  down  the 

river,  came  in  contact  with  a  sloop,  by  which  several  of  her  berths  were 
stove  in,  and  a  young  lady  in  one  of  them  injured. 


Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany.  175 

AUGUST,  1848. 

1.  Judge  Harris  robbed  of  his  pocket  book  containing  $300.  at  the 

rail   road   depot;   the   robber   was   immediately   arrested Jacob 

Featherly  died,  aged  45 Elizabeth  Demming  died,  aged  17. 

2.  Jeremiah  Smith  died,  aged  88. 

3.  Mariah  Hallenbake  died,  aged  21;  wife  of  Christopher  Hallenbake. 

4.  The  store  58  state  street  robbed  of  a  large  quantity  of  silks  and 

other  articles  of  dry  goods The  police  officers  arrested   Lewis 

Van  Cord  at  his  house,  and  found  in  his  possession  a  large  quantity  of 

stolen  goods Margaret  Bryan  died,  aged  24 John  Glass  fell 

from  a  tow  boat  and  was  drowned. 

6.  Charlotte  Hoard  died,  aged  84 ;  widow  of  Jonathan  Hoard,  a  rev- 
olutionary soldier. 

8.  Four  military  companies  arrived  from  New  York  as  the  guests  of 
the  Emmet  Guards.  They  were  accompanied  by  Lothian's  Band;  and 
having  extended  their  visit  to  the  Watervliet  Arsenal,  and  Troy,  returned 
by  the  evening  boat  to  New  York. 

10.  Dr.  Jonathan  Eights  died  at  his  residence,  corner  North  Pearl 
and  Columbia  streets,  aged  75.  He  practiced  his  profession  in  this  city 
nearly  half  a  century,  with  distinguished  skill  and  success,  and  was 

universally  esteemed  and  respected William  Updike  died  of  pa  • 

ralysis,  aged  34 Mary  Jane  Van  Buren  died,  aged  22. 

12.  Thos.  Sullivan,  a  deaf  mute,  run  over  by  the  Troy  rail  road  train 
and  killed. 

13.  James  Aiken  died  of  paralysis,  aged  59. 

14.  A  man  convicted  of  stealing  a  pair  of  hor-es  from  Chauncey  Dex- 
ter, was  sentenced  to  three  years  in  the  state  prison. 

15.  Dr.  Morrell  made  an  ascension  in  a   balloon  from  the   Mineral 
Spring  Garden  in  Ferry  street.     The  ropes  were  cut  about  5  o'clock  in 
the  afternoon,  and  the  balloon   rose  majestically,  and   took  a  notherly 

direction Thomas  Maher,  aged  8  years,  was  drowned  in  the  pond 

at  the  head  of  Canal  street,  formed  by  the  pent  up  waters  which  for- 
merly supplied  the  Foxen  kill.     This  was  the  sixth  life  lost  in  the  pond 
during  two  years. 

17.  The  Gr  ^at  Fire.  It  broke  out  in  a  small  shed  adjoining  the  Al- 
bion Hotel,  (-/rner  of  Broadway  and  Herkimer  streets, said  to  have  been 
occasion':,!  by  a  washerwoman's  bonnet.  The  flames  spread  with  great 
rapiuily  before  a  strong  south  wind,  taking  in  their  course  both  sides  of 
Broadway  and  Church  street,  and  crossing  to  the  Pier,  swept  every 
thing  down  as  far  as  the  cut  at  the  foot  of  Maiden  lane.  The  large 
buildings  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Eagle  Tavern,  presented  a  temporary 
barrier  to  the  flames,  which  having  passed,  they  swept  on  as  far  as  the 
corner  of  Hudson  street.  The  wind  then  suddenly  shifted  to  the  north, 
and  drove  the  fire  in  an  opposite  direction.  At  night  it  commenced 
raining,  which  rendered  the  buildings  less  combustible,  and  assisted  in 
staying  the  conflagration.  Besides  the  great  number  of  buildings  con- 
sumed, vast  quantities  of  every  kind  of  property  perished  with  them. 
The  losses  of  the  insurance  companies  was  full  half  a  million,  and  the 
whole  loss  could  not  have  been  much  short  of  three  millions  of  dollars, 
contained  in  about  600  houses.  The  exact  area  burnt  over,  including 
Basin  and  Pier,  was  37  acres,  about  one-thirtieth  of  the  whole  city.  It 


176  Chronicle  of  Eve7its  in  Albany. 

extended  700  feet  west  from  the  river  on  Herkimer  street,  350  on  Dal- 
lius,  running  northwardly  ;  900  feet  on  Union  street,  continuing  in  the 
same  direction ;  300  feet  east  on  Hudson,  and  1600  on  Quay  street,  run- 
ing  south.  This  was  the  most  densely  populated  part  of  the  city 

Robert  Harvey  died,  aged  48. 

19.  The  store  of  Matthews  Brown,  corner  of  Chapel  and  Canal  street 

robbed  of  $30 The  firemen  had  a  riot  in  South   Pearl  and  State 

streets,  as  they  were  returning  from  a  false  alarm  of  fire,  and  several 
persons  who  took  no  part  in  the  affray  were  severely  injured. 

20.  The  sleeping  apartment  of  Mr.  Joseph  Parker  was  robbed  of  $250 
and  a  gold  watch. 

21.  The  Common  Council  ordained  that  no  wooden  building,  or  build, 
ing  wholly  or  partially  covered  with  wood,  should  thereafter  be  erected 
in  any  part  of  the  city  of  Albany,  east  of  Lark  street;  and  that  every 
eaves  trough,  cornice  and  gutter  should  be  made  of  metal  or  other  in- 
combustible material. 

22.  Isaac  Brown  died  at  Somerville,  N.  J.,  aged  49  ;  formerly  a  hard- 
ware merchant  in  Albany. 

23.  Eliza  Salisbury  died,  age!  28  ;  wife  of  William  Salisbury 

Benjamin  P.  Gregory,  formerly  of  Albany,  died  at  Jersey  city,  aged  43. 

25.  Betsey  McCarty  died,  aged  21. 

26.  Whig  meeting  called  at  the  Capitol  on  the  receipt  of  Gen.  Tay- 
lor's letter,  accepting  the  nomination  of  the  democrats  of  Charleston, 
S.  C.,  to  run  on  their  ticket  with  Gen.  Butler.     Great  indignation  was 
expressed  at  this  unexpected  turn  of  things,  and  the  disposition  pre- 
vailed to  throw  the  General  overboard;  but  it  was  wisely  determined  to 

postpone  the  act  to  Monday  night James  Hanley,  shot  at  the  riot 

of  the  19th,  died  of  the  wound  after  a  week  of  intense  suffering. 

27.  Perry  Tucker  died,  aged  47. 

28.  The  Common  Council  decided  to  improve  the  burnt  district  by 
widening  and  straightening  the  streets,  and  raising  the  grade  of  Broad- 
way between  Hamilton  and  Lydius  streets Adjourned  indignation 

meeting  of  the  whigs  at  the  Capitol,  convened  to  digest  the  Taylor  and 
Butler  nomination  at  Charleston,  S.  C.     It  was  decided  that  the  alarm 
of  Saturday  evening  was  groundless,  and  that  there  was  no  danger  to 
be  apprehended  from  the  circumstance  of  Gen.  Taylor  having  accepted 
a  democratic  nomination. 

30.  Explosion  of  a  steam  boiler  at  the  furnace  of  Ransom  &  Co.,  by 
which  a  portion  of  the  roof  and  wall  was  blown  off,  and  four  of  the 
workmen  severely  injured. 

SEPTEMBER,  1848. 

1.  Col.  Robert  E.  Temple  returned  to  the  city  from  the  Mexican 

campaign John  Hunt,  forger  of  a  check  on  the  Exchange  Bank 

for  $1805,  in  November  last,  was  arrested  and  committed  for  trial 

George  Eugan  died  of  wounds  received  by  the  fall  of  the  draw  at  the 
Boston  Ferry  two  weeks  before. 

2.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Van  Schaack  died,  aged  42  ;  wife  of  John  Van 
Schaack. 

3.  Rev.  Elias  Vanderlip  died,  aged  84.     He  was  the  patriarch  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  this  city.     He  was  born  at  Carl's  Neck, 


Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany.  177 

Staten  Island,  Feb.  10,  1765,  and  left  fatherless  at  an  early  age.  When 
the  British  took  New  York,  he  was  apprenticed  to  the  shoe-making 
business.  In  1787,  he  became  a  convert  in  the  M.E.  Church.  In  1792, 
he  first  began  to  exhort.  In  1796,  he  settled  in  Albany  and  opened  a 
shoe  store,  but  lost  all  his  stock  by  fire ;  he  was  then  invited  to  Nis- 
kayuna  (now  Watervliet)  to  preach.  In  1800,  he  was  ordained  a  deacon, 
and  his  first  appointment  was  to  Pittsfield  circuit  in  1802.  In  1804,  he 
was  ordained  an  elder.  In  1805,  his  name  was  put  down  for  Albany. 
He  preached  from  1805  to  1836,  when  he  was  obliged  by  old  age  to 
desist.  In  April  last  he  was  laid  upon  his  bed  with  a  broken  thigh,  from 
which,  with  the  frosts  of  years  thick  upon  him,  and  fearless  of  death, 
his  immortal  spirit  winged  its  flight  to  a  better  world. 

5.  Althia  A.  Loveland  died;  a  pupil  of  the  Normal  School  from  Frank- 
lin,  Delaware  county Mary  Relay  died,  aged  86  ;  widow  of  Rob- 
ert Relay. 

7.  Hon.  John  C.  Spencer,  of  Albany,  delivered  the  Address  before 
the  State  Agricultural  Society,  at  its  annual  fair,  in  Buffalo. 

9.  Fire  in  the  building  north  of  the  Mansion  House,  which  was  burnt 
out,  leaving  the  walls  standing.  The  jewelary  store  of  Mulford  &  Wen- 
dell, the  clothing  store  of  Robert  Freeman,  the  large  law  library  of 
Samuel  Stevens,  and  the  Daguerreotype  Rooms  of  Gavit,  besides  law  offi- 
ces, work  shops  and  store  rooms,  were  considerably  injured  before  they 
could  be  removed,  or  entirely  consumed.  Loss  about  $12.000,  mostly 

insured The  receipts  of  the  Albany  and  Boston  rail  road,  for  the 

week  ending  this  day,  were  $17,000  for  passengers  alone,  being  the 
largest  sum  received  from  that  source  in  any  one  week  since  the  opening 
of  the  road. 

12.  The  new  steam  ferry  boat,  T.  W.  Olcott.  commenced  running  at 

the  Albany  and  Boston  Rail  Road  Ferry Barney  Flinn  died,  aged 

34;  a  volunteer  in  the  company  under  Col.  Temple. 

13.  Nomination  of  Gen.  John  A.  Dix,  by  the  Barnburner  or  Free  Soil 

convention  at  Utica,  for  the  office  of  governor  of  the  state The 

house  of  A.  McCowan  robbed  of  money  and  jewelery. 

14.  Frost ;  fires  necessary  in  the  morning. . . .  Annual  exhibition  of  the 
Albany  and  Rensselaer  Horticultural  Society,  at  the  Geological  Rooms. 

Meeting  of  the  Clay  whigs  at  the  Capitol,  when  it  was  resolved 

to  abandon  Taylor,  and  adopt  Henry  Clay,    and  attempt  to  carry  his 

•lection Meeting  of  the  rail  road  companies  at  Utica,  when  it  was 

resolved  to  reduce  the  fare  between  Albany  and  Buffalo  to  $9  75,  being 
an  average  of  3  cents  a  mile Elizabeth  Wadsworth  died,  aged  73. 

15.  Fire  in  the  wooden  building,  corner  of  South  Pearl  and  Hamilton 

street;  damage  small Elizabeth  Somers  died,  aged  48  ;  widow  of 

the  late  John  Somers. 

18.  The  Common  Council  resolved  to  extend  the  area  of  the  steam- 
boat landing  south  to  Lydius  street. 

19.  The  members  of  the  city  corporation  proceeded  in  a  body  to  Con- 
gress Hall  to  pay  their  respects  to  Gen.  Worth On  the  opening  of 

the  Mayor's  court  the  grand  jury  came  in  with  thirty  indictments  with- 
out having  finished  their  business.     There  were  170  criminal  cases  on 
the  calendar  before The  last  remittance  from  the  New  York  re- 
lief committee  to  the  sufferers  by  the  fire  in  Albany,  amounting  in  the 
whole  to  $12,035 A  ship  carpenter  by  the  name  of  Paul,  while 


178  Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany. 

engaged  at  work  on  a  boat,  fell  into  the  Basin  and  was  drowned 

Flour  $5-75  to  $5'87£;  wheat  $1'30;  oats  34  cents.;  pork  $13.  There- 
ceipts  by  canal  this  day  were:  flour  6,236  bushels;  ashes  47  do;  whis- 
key, &c.  7,600  gallons;  corn,  3,296  bushels;  barley  2.755;  oats  7,246; 
wheat  4,943;  peas  and  beans  225;  clover  and  grass  seed  1.100  Ibs.;  but- 
ter 49,520;  cheese  20,262;  wool  1,527 Sarah  Winne  died,  agedSOj 

widow  of  Kilian  I.  Winne Elizabeth  Loucks  died,  aged  63;  wife 

of  John  H.  Loucks Esther  S.  Meech  died,  aged  20. 

20.  Henry  Z    Whitney  died,  aged  23. 

21.  The  seventh  semi-annual  examination  of  the  State  Normal  School, 
when  96  pupils  graduated. 

22.  Snow  on  the  neighboring  hills The  heavy  iron  rail  on  the 

Mohawk  and  Hudson  Rail  Road  being  completed,  an  experimental  trip 
was  made  with  three  cars,  resting  upon  india  rubber  springs,  and  drawn 
by  the  Mohawk  locomotive,  built  by  McQueen.     The  trip  was  performed 
in  30  minutes,  and  the  return  trip  in  24  minutes,  being  at  the  rate  of 
42£  miles  an  hour. 

23.  Dr.  Christopher  C.  Yates  died  at  Parishborough,  Nova  Scotia;  he 
was  originally  from  Albany,  and  took  a  very  active  and  decided  part  in 
the  controversy  on  the  great  question  of  the  origin  and  treatment  of 
yellow  fever John  W.  Lightbody  died,  aged  26. 

25.  Robert  Sutton  and  Chauncey  Van  Lew,  two   notorious  rogues, 

escaped  from  jail  and  eluded  pursuit William  R.  Cantine  died, 

a^ed  49 Thomas  Flood  died,  aged  39. 

26.  Meeting  at  the  Capitol  of  the  old  Hunkers,  to  ratify  the  state  no. 
minations.     R.  W.  Peckham,  Esq.,  and  Mike  Walsh  were  the  principal 
orators,  and  the  consumption  of  tar  was  enormous! 

27.  First  heavy  frost  of  the  season,  which  had  been  unusually  cold, 

with  rain  13  days ..Thomas  Gale  died,  aged  28 Peter  H.Hil. 

ton  died Abraham  T.  Evertsen  died,  aged  41 Hannah  Ten 

Eyck  died,  wife  of  William  Ten  Eyck. 

28.  Convention  of  Antirenters,  who  nominated  Gen.  John  A.  Dix  for 
governor  and  George  W.  Patterson  for  lieutenant  governor. 

29.  Ellen  Ann  Graham  died,  aged  18. 

30.  Two  persons  returning  from  market  at  night  were   attacked 
without  provocation,  and  severely  beaten  by  three  ruffians,  who  escaped 

detection The  boarding  house  659  Broadway  robbed  by  a  young 

man  who  got  access  under  pretence  of  taking  board.. , ,. ,  .David  Hemp* 
hill  died,  aged  39. 

OCTOBER,  1848. 

2.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Common  Council,   the  committee  on  the  re- 
organization of  the  Fire  Department  reported  in  favor  of  paying  firemen 
$30  per  annum,  and  appointing  a  chief  engineer,  with  a  salary  of  $700, 

to  devote  his  time  wholly  to  the  duties  appertaining  to  his  office 

Matthew  Clerton  died,  aged  73. 

3.  The  shoe  store  of  Jacob  Lansing  in  Broadway  robbed  of  a  quantity 
of  boots. 

4.  Jane  Van  Schaack  died;  widow  of  the  late  Nicholas  Van  Schaack. 

The  dwelling  house  of  Elijah  Simmons,  in  Pearl  street,  robbed 

of  $40. 

5.  The  county  convention  of  whigs  nominated  John  1i.  Schoplcraft 


Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany.  179 

for  congress,  and  James  Kidd  for  county  treasurer Saran  Ann 

Holliday  died,  aged  33;  wife  of  James  Holliday Elizabeth  Dele- 

hant,  aged  32;  wife  of  Andrew  Delehant. 

6.  Flour,  $5-50  to  $5-87;   buckwheat,  $2' 12;  wheat,  $1'27;  corn,  67; 
barley,  71  to  74. 

7.  Trotting  match  on  the  Troy  road  for  a  purse  of  $200.    Jack  Ros- 
siter  and  Lady  Moscow  were  the  only  competitors;  the  former  won  all 
three  heats;  time  2'3S,  2'39,  2  37.    After  which  Ferguson  and  McGovern 
had  a  two  mile  foot  race  for  a  purse  of  $30.     Ferguson  took  it  in  11.27 

minutes The  grand  jury  came  into  court  with  the  following  in- 

dictmenls:  burglary  in  the  first  degree,  3;  assault  and  battery,  6;  as- 
sault  and  battery  on  an  officer,  1;  grand  larcency,  3;  obtaining  property 
tinder  false-pretences,  1 ;  indecent  exposure,  2;  passing  counterfeit  money, 
2;  robbery,  1;  sealed,  10. 

8.  F.  W.  Ingmire  ordained  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel  at  the  Pearl 

Street  Baptist  Church Afire  destroyed  a  barn  in  South  Lansing 

street William  Maternaghan,  an  auctioneer,  long  in  the  employ 

of  J.  I.  Jones,  found  drowned  in  the  river  below  the  city John  A. 

Wilson  died,  aged  51. 

9.  Attempt  to  rob  Newton's  clothing  store The  steamboat  Os- 

wego  reached  the  dock  with  36  boats  in  tow ;  13  barges  and  23  lakers. 

10.  The  drug  and  medicine  store  of  Burrows  &.  Nelligar  robbed;  the 
only  booty  was  a  few  pennies The  Albany  Burgesses  Corps  elect- 
ed their  officers  for  the  ensuing  year. 

11.  Hunt,  alias  Webb,  convicted  and  sentenced  to  five  years  imprison. 

ment,  for  a  forgery  on  the  Exchange  Bank William  K.  A msden 

died,  aged  28. 

13.  John  Gibson  assaulted  James  Galvin  with  a  knife,  in  Broadway, 

at  7  o'clock  in  the  evening Robert  Lyle,  a  native  of  Scotland,  died. 

Catharine  Carey  died,  aged  23. 

14.  The  steam  propeller  Hartford  made  her  first  landing  here;  in- 
tended  to  run   in  connection  with  the  Albany,  between  this  city  and 
Hartford;  being  the  third  steam  packet  plying  between  the  two  cities. 
Her  capacity  about  fifty  tons  greater  than  the  Albany. 

15.  A  fire  destroyed  the  steam  saw  mill  of  Clement  Warren  in  Water 
Street,  corner  of  Quackenbush,  a  large  quantity  of  lumber  adjoining, 

and  the  fur  shop  of  George  C.  Treadwell.     Loss  about  $10.000 

Another  fire,  in  the  basement  of  the  Baptist  Church  in  South  Pearl 

street,  during  service;  did  but  little  injury Riot  in  the  evening  at 

a  shanty  in  the  burnt  district. 

16.  Elvenah   C.  Anderson  died,  aged  16 Harriet  Booth  died, 

aged  21... Mrs.  Prudence  White  died,  aged  60. 

17.  Robbery  of  the  house  No.  1  Phrenix  Place Mrs.  Ann  Bas- 

sett  died  at  Penn  Yan,  aged  86;  widow  of  the  Rev.  John  Bassett,  for- 
merly pastor  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  CLurch  in  Albany 

Mrs.  Almira  Barnard  died,  aged  55. 

20.  James  Keeler  died  at  Summit,  Wisconsin,  aged  76;  forty  years  a 
resident  in  Albany. 

22.  Arthur  Quinn  died,  aged  36. 

23.  The  rail  road  train  from  Buffalo,  under  the  new  arrangement, 
came  through  in  17  hours;  the  usual  time  was  24  hours;  a  gain  of  nearly 
one  third James  Butler  died,  aged  40. 


180  Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany. 

24.  Sale  of  Dutch  Church  lots  on  Snipe,  Knox,  and  Sand  streets,  at 
$32.50  to  $37.50  each- James  Frazer  died,  aged  52. 

26.  The  hall  corner  of  Green  and  Beaver  streets,  fitted  up  for  the  use 
of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  was  dedicated  with  appro- 
priate ceremonies. 

27.  The  iron  cover  of  the  great  tank  belonging  to  the  gas  company, 
in  the  process  of  erection  in  the  north  part  of  the  city,  fell  about  2  o'- 
clock, while  more  than  30  persons  were  at  work  upon  it,  by  which  one 
was  killed,  and  others  severely  injured.     The  damage  sustained  by  the 
company  was  about  $1,000 Giles  Fredericks  killed  lay  the  acci- 
dent at  the  gas  works Catharine  Foy  died,  aged  50;  wife  of  Philip 

Foy. 

29.  A  fire  took  in  the  basement  of  No.  8  Green  street,  which  destroy- 
ed the  building.     Loss  $20,000 The  stable  and  slaughterhouse 

of  James  A.Putnam,  on  Arbor  Hill,  burnt George  L.  Thomas 

shot  by  Jane  Elizabeth  Britton,  in  John  street Jane  Connick  died, 

aged  72;  widow  of  Andrew  Connick Elizabeth  Scott  died,  aged  59. 

30.  Dense  fog;  the  steam  boats  due  in  the  morning  did  not  arrive  till 
4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.     The  boats  which  left  this  city  the  day  be- 

fore,  were  overtaken  by  the  morning  boats George  Charles  died, 

aged  81 Dr.  Amos  N.  Burton  died,  aged  37. 

31.  William  Duncan  Topp  died,  aged  42. 

NOVEMBER,  1848. 

1.  Mutual  agreement  of  the  jewelers  to  close  their  stores  at  8  o'clock 

in  the  evening Rev.  W.  H.  Waggoner  settled  pastor  of  the  Uui- 

versalist  Church Trotting  match  on  the  Troy  road,  betvreen  Jenny 

Lind  and  Mac,  which  was  won  by  the  latter  in  2'38. 

2.  The  stables  of  Judge  Gansevoort  and  Watts  Sherman  in  Washing- 
ton street  set  on  fire  and  consumed  in  the  evening, 

3.  William  Annesley  died,  aged  81. 

4.  Whig  torch-light  procession  in  the  evening,  during  which  several 

outrages  and  serious  accidents  occurred Barn  burnt  in  the  rear  of 

14  Lumber  street. 

5.  Rev.  B.  T.  Welch  announced  to  his  congregation,  the  First  Baptist 
Church,  in  Pearl  street,  that  he  had  accepted  a  call  to  the  Pierpont 
street  church  in  Brooklyn 

7.  Election  day;  the  whig  ticket  elected  by  a  large  majority;  on  the 
presidential  electors,  the  vote  stood  for  Taylor  3473;  Cass  1833;  Van 
Buren  1376  ;  for  congress,  J.  L.  Schoolcraft  3318;  C.  Bouton  1500;  B. 
R.  Wood  1351;  for  assembly,  R.  H.  Pruyn,  1729;  H.  Rector  558;  Amos 
Dean  631;  Joel  A.  Wing  1858;  Eli  Perry  1011;  J.  R.  Van  Rensselaer 
27;  Stewart  727.  Connected  with  the  usual  balloting,  a  vote  was  taken 
to  get  the  public  sentiment  on  the  scheme  of  supplying  the  city  with 
•water  at  the  public  expense.  The  vote  for  water  was  4405;  no  water  6; 

brandy  and  water  strong,  1 By  a  wonderful  achievment  of  art  and 

science  in  the  telegraph,  the  result  of  the  elections  in  Massachusetts 
and  other  more  remote  states  was  pretty  certainly  known  before  9  o'clock 
in  the  evening  :  and  within  twenty-four  hours  after  the  closing  of  the 
polls,  it  was  ascertained  almost  beyond  question  that  Gen.  Zachary  Tay- 
lor was  elected  president  by  a  large  majority  of  votes. 


Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany.  191 

10.  Cold  morning;  thermometer  indicated  15+0.    Some  of  the  ponds 

in  the  vicinity  frozen  over A  shanty  erected  on  the  burnt  district 

took  fire  and  was  razed  to  the  ground  ;  during  which  a  man  in  attempt- 
ing to  push  off  a  sloop  from  the  dock,  fell  overboard  and  was  drowned. 

Cecilia  Williams  died  in  New  York;  wife  of  Ezra  Williams,  and 

daughter  of  the  late   Sebastian  Visscher,   of  Albany Jeremiah 

Wallace  died,  aged  80. 

11.  The  mayor  acknowledged  a  donation  from  the  Shakers  of  blankets 

to  the  value  of  several  hundred  dollars A  snow  storm  commenced 

in  the  evening Jennet  White  Autey  died,  aged  48;  wife  of  Alex. 

Auley. 

13.  Elizabeth  Kelley  died,  wife  of  Michael  Kelley. 

18.  Fire  in  the  basement  of  the  Jewish  Synagogue  in  Herkimer  st. 

19.  Fire  in  the  bakery  corner  Union  and  Hamilton  streets. 

20.  Snow  storm. 

21.  Monument  erected  in  the  cemetery  over  the  grave  of  Maj.  Lewis 
N.  Morris,  who  fell  at  the  battle  of  Monterey. 

22.  Christopher  Anthony  died,  aged  25. 

23.  Steam  boat  Belle  left  this  port  with  29  boats  in  tow,  and  arrived 
at  New  York  in  42  hours.     The  tonnage  of  this  fleet  was  4500,  and  its 
probable  value  $170,000 Patrick  Morrison  died,  aged  26. 

24.  Fire  in  Broad  street  destroyed  three  houses  and  a  stable 

Uriah  Marvin  died,  aged  79. 

25.  Silas  Houghton,  an  aged  and  respected  citizen  died Mary 

Leslie  died,  aged  53. 

26.  Joseph  S.  Clark  died,  aged  68 Joseph  Blake  died,  aged  39. 

27.  The  common  council  at  a  full  meeting  passed  a  new  fire  law,  en- 
tirely reorganizing  the  fire  department James  Hays  a  news  boy,  in 

attempting  to  jump  from  the  cars  fell  under  the  wheels,  and  was  killed. 

The  steam  boat  Belle  left  the  Dock  with  39  boats  in  tow,  and 

arrived  in  New  York  in  46  hours.     This  was  by  far  the  largest  number 
of  boats  ever  attempted  to  be  towed  by  one  steam  boat  on  the  Hudson 
river. 

28.  The  Firemen  held  an  indignation  meeting  at  the  Capitol,  and  had 
a  procession  with  banners  in  honor  of  the  new  fire  law,  which  was  not 
framed  in  consonance  with  their  views  and  feelings Joseph  Rob- 
inson died,  aged  62 Francis  Finnegan  died,  aged  53. 

DECEMBER,  1848. 

3.  John  Macready  robbed  the  house  of  P.  Maher  in  Ferry  street, 
While  the  family  were  at  tea,  but  was  caught  in  the  street  by  an  officer. 

Case  of  affray  and  stabbing  at  the  grocery  of  O'Connell,  corner 

of  Green  and  Lydius  streets. 

5.  Presidential  electors  of  the  state  of  New  York  met  at  the  Capitol 
at  4  o'clock  afternoon,  and  having  organized,  adjourned  to  the  following 
day,  when  they  cast  their  votes  unanimously  for  Zachary  Taylor  for 

president  of  the  United  States Wesley  Goodwin  arrested  on  the 

complaint  of  his  wife  for  brutal  usage  towards  herself  and  children, 
for  which  he  was  sentenced  to  the  Penitentiary  one  year.. ..  ...Alida 

Visscher  died,  aged  82;  widow  of  the  late  Teunis  G.  Visscher. 

6.  Horace  Pierce  died,  aged  42. 

16 


182  Chronicle  of  Events  in  Albany. 

7.  Great  competition  between  the  Isaac  Newton  and  Rip  Van  Winkle 

tteam  boats ;  prices  of  fare  to  New  York  50  cts.  to  0 Stable  burnt 

on  the  corner  of  Dove  and  Spring  streets. 

8.  Margaret  Mayer  died,  widow  of  the  late  Frederick  G.  Mayer. 

9.  The  canals  closed  by  order  of  the  commissioners,  in  order  to  pro- 
secute ihe  enlargement.    The  weather  was  still  extremely  mild,  after  a 
week  of  rain,  and  no  ice  had  yet  formed  either  in  the  canal  or  river. 

Dr.  John  H.  Douglass,  an  aged  and  wealthy  citizen  of  Troy,  fell 

and  expired  in  the  Capitol,  while  attending  the  comptroller's  tax  sale. 
Beerrnah  B.  Herner  died,  aged  35. 

10.  Elizabeth  Van  Bergen  died Julia  Ann  Shaw  died. 

11.  Edward  Harty  died,  aged  64. 

14.  Henry  M.  Fergusen  died,  aged  61;  Thaddeus  Pomeroy  died  at 
Clinton,  Mich.,  aged  30,  formerly  of  Albany. 

16.  Alhaliah  Serviss  died,  wife  of  William  Serviss. 

17.  Charles  Roarke  died,  aged  41. 

18.  Fire  in  the  area  of  the  Carlton  House Christiana  M.  Van- 

denburgh  died,  aged  47;  wife  of  John  A.  Vandenburgh The  store 

of  James  Osborne  robbed  of  a  few  dollars  in  change. 

20-  James  Goadby  precipitated  himself  from  a  third  story  window 
upon  the  street  pavement,  in  a  fit  of  derangement,  which  caused  his 

death.. ./..  .Sarah  Beuchanan  died,  aged  65 James  Maroney 

drowned  in  the  Canal  Basin Rev.  W.  H.  Wagoner  installed  pastor 

over  the  Universalist  charch. 

21  Snow;  no  steam  boat  left  for  New  York Nancy  Lovett  died. 

John  MacNamara  died,  aged  30. 

22.  First  sleighing Cynthia  Webster  died  at  Albion,  Orleans 

county,  aged  78;  widow  of  the  late  Charles  R.  Webster  of  Albany. 

23.  John  Thomas,  Jr.  died John  Timmons,  a  drayman,  killed  by 

a  locomotive  in  attempting  to  cross  the  rail  road  track  before  the  train. 

The  cold  weather  completely  closed  the  river,  but  the  Columbia 

forced  her  way  up  through  the  ice. 

24.  Jane  D.  Thompson  died,   aged  80 Harriet  Bassett  died, 

aged  16. 

25.  Slight  fire  in  the  Delavan  House David  Thomas  died. 

26.  A  train  arrived  from  New  York  by  the  Housatonic  road,  which 
opened  on  Christmas  for  the  winter  travel,  promising  to  make  daily 

trips  in  eight  hours,  by  daylight Fanny  Perceval  died,  aged  50; 

•wife  of  George  Perceval. 

27.  Rev.  Rutger  Van  Brunt  installed  pastor  over  the  Third  Reformed 
Protestant  Dutch  Church  in  Albany;  the  former  pastor,  Dr.  William  H. 
Campbell,  preached  the  installation  sermon. 

23.  The  river  completely  shut,  no  boat  having  arrived. 

29.  Jane  Ann  Boyd  died,  daughter  of  the  late  Peter  Boyd. 

30.  Ceremony  of  presenting  a  sword  to  Gen.  Wool  took  place  at  the 
Capitol.     The  sword,  the  sift  of  the  state,  valued  at  $1700,  was  present- 
ed by  the  governor,  John  Young,  and  was  in  approbation  of  his  distin- 
guished services  in  the  war  with  Mexico Seventy  freight  cars  left 

the  depot  for  New  York  by  the  Housatonic  road. 

31.  Trinity  church,  corner  of  Herkimer  and  Franklin  streets,  purchas- 
ed by  the  South  Baptist  Society,  was  first  used  by  them  for  public  wor- 
ship. 


Cvlony  of  Rensselaerswyck.  183 

THE  COLONY  OF  RENSSELAERSWYCK. 


1614  TO  1646. 

The  Dutch  having  in  1609  discovered  and  explored  the  North  river, 
which  has  since  taken  the  name  of  their  navigator,  Hudson,  a  number  of 
adventurers  followed  in  his  track,  who  pursued  a  small  trade  with  the 
Indians,  and  made  further  voyages  of  discovery  along  the  coast  and  up 
the  rivers.  The  most  noted  of  these  were  Adrien  Block,  Hendrick 
Corstiaensen  and  Cornelius  Jacobsen  Mey,  in  the  year  1614.  We  com- 
pile from  the  valuable  History  of  New  Netherland,  by  Dr.  E.  B.  O'CAL- 
LAGHAN,  the  following  account  of  the  progress  of  the  colony  of  Rensse- 
laerswyck for  a  period  of  thirty-three  years. 

Intelligence  of  the  discoveries  made  by  Block  and  his  associates  hav- 
ing been  transmitted  to  Holland,  was  received  there  early  in  the  autumn 
of  1614.  The  united  company  by  whom  they  had  been  employed,  lost 
no  time  in  taking  the  steps  necessary  to  secure  to  themselves  the  exclu- 
sive trade  of  the  countries  thus  explored,  which  was  guarantied  to 
them  by  the  ordinance  of  the  27th  of  March.  They  sent  deputies  imme- 
diately to  the  Hague,  who  laid  before  the  States  General  a  report  of 
their  discoveries,  as  required  by  law,  with  a  figurative  map  of  the 
newly  explored  countries,  which  now,  for  the  first  time,  obtained  the 
name  of  NEW  NETHERLAND.  A  special  grant  in  favor  of  the  interested 
parties  was  forthwith  accorded  by  their  High  Mightinesses,  in  the  fol- 
lowing terms  : 

"  The  States  General  of  the  United  Netherlands  to  all  to  whom  these 
presents  shall  come,  greeting.  WHEREAS  Gerrit  Jacob  Witsen,  former 
burgomaster  of  the  city  of  Amsterdam,  Jonas  Witsen  and  Simon  Moris- 
sen,  owners  of  the  ship  called  the  Little  Fox,  (het  vosje,)  Captain  Jam 
de  Witt,  master-,  Hans  Hongers,  Paul  Pelgrom,  and  Lambrecht  van 
Tweenhuysen,  owners  of  the  two  ships  called  the  Tiger  and  the  For- 
tune, Captains  Adriaen  Block  and  Hendrick  Corstiaensen,  masters;  Ar- 
noudt  van  Lybergen,  Wessel  Schenck,  Hans  Claessen,  and  Barens 
Sweetsen,  owners  of  the  ship  the  Nightingale,  (Nochtegael,)  Capt.  Thuys 
Volckertsen,  merchant  in  the  city  of  Amsterdam,  master;  and  Pieter 
Clementsen  Brouwer,  Jan  Clementsen  Kies,  and  Cornells  Volkertsen 
merchants  in  the  city  of  Hoorn,  owners  of  the  ship  the  Fortune,  Capt. 
Cornelis  Jacobsen  Mey,  master,  have  united  into  one  company,  and 
have  shown  to  us  by  their  petition,  that  after  great  expenses  and  dam- 
ages by  loss  of  ships  and  other  perils,  during  the  present  year,  they, 
with  the  above  named  five  ships,  have  discovered  certain  new  lands 
situated  in  America,  between  New  France  and  Virginia  being  the 
sea  coasts  between  40  and  45  degrees  of  latitude,  and  now  called  NEW 
NETHERLAND:  "And  whereas,  they  further  represent  that  We  did,  in 
the  month  of  March,  publish,  for  the  promotion  and  augmentation  of 
commerce,  a  certain  consent  and  grant,  setting  forth  that  whosoever 
should  discover  new  havens,  lands,  places,  or  passages,  should  be  per- 

17 


184  Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck. 

mitted  exclusively  to  visit  and  navigate  the  same  for  four  voyages,  with- 
out permitting  any  other  person  out  of  the  United  Netherlands  to  visit 
or  frequent  such  newly  discovered  places,  until  the  said  discoverers 
shall  have  performed  the  four  voyages,  within  the  space  of  time  pre- 
scribed to  them  for  that  purpose,  under  the  penalties  therein  expressed, 
£c.v  and  request  that  We  should  be  pleased  to  accord  to  them  due  testi- 
mony of  the  aforesaid  grant  in  the  usually  prescribed  form :  Wherefore, 
the  premises  having  been  considered,  and  We,  in  our  Assembly,  having 
communication  of  the  pertinent  report  of  the  petitioners  relative  to  the 
discoveries  and  finding  of  the  said  new  countrres  between  the  above- 
named  limits  and  degrees,  and  also  of  their  adventurers,  have  consented 
and  granted,  and  by  these  presents  do  consent  and  grant,  to  the  said 
petitioners,  now  united  into  one  company,  that  they  shall  be  permitted 
exclusively  to  visit  and  navigate  the  above  described  lands,  situate  in 
America,  between  New  France  and  Virginia,  the  seacoasts  of  which 
lie  between  the  40th  and  45th  degrees  oi  latitude,  and  which  are  now 
named  New  Netherland,  as  is  to  be  seen  on  the  figurative  maps  by 
them  prepared;  and  to  navigate,  or  cause  to  be  navigated,  the  same  for 
four  voyages,  within  the  period  of  three  years,  to  commence  from  the 
first  day  of  January,  1615,  or  sooner,  without  it  being  permitted,  direct- 
ly or  indirectly,  to  any  one  else  to  sail,  to  frequent,  or  navigate,  out 
of  the  United  Netherlands,  those  newly  discovered  lands,  havens,  or 
places,  within  the  space  of  three  years,  as  above,  on  penalty  of  the  con- 
fiscation of  the  vessel  and  cargo,  besides  a  fine  of  fifty  thousand  Nether- 
lands ducats,  for  the  benefit  of  said  discoverers.  Provided,  however,  that 
by  these  presents  we  do  not  intend  to  prejudice  or  diminish  any  of  our 
former  grants  and  concessions;  and  it  is  also  our  intention  that  if  any 
diputes  or  differences  should  arise  from  these  our  concessions,  that  they 
shall  be  decided  by  ourselves.  We  therefore,  expressly  command  all 
governors,  justices,  officers,  magistrates,  and  inhabitants,  of  the  afore- 
said United  Netherlands,  that  they  allow  said  company  peacefully  and 
quietly  to  enjoy  the  whole  benefit  of  this  our  grant,  and  to  interpose  no 
difficulties  or  obstacles  to  the  welfare  of  the  same.  Given  at  the  Hague, 
under  our  seal,  paraph,  and  the  signature  of  our  Secretary,  on  the  llth 
day  of  October,  1614." 

Having  thus  obtained  for  themselves  the  exclusive  right  to  visit  and 
trade  with  the  countries  in  America,  lying  between  the  fortieth  and 
forty-fifth  degrees  of  north  latitude,  of  which  they  strangely  claimed  to 
be  the  first  discoverers,  so  shortly  after  Hudson's  visit,  the  above  named 
merchants,  who  now  assumed  the  name  and  title  of  The  United  New 
Netherland  Company,  proceeded  to  make  the  arrangements  necessary  to 
draw  from  their  new  possessions  the  largest  returns.  On  an  island 
situated  at  the  head  of  the  navigation,  near  the  west  bank  of  the  Manhat- 
tan river,  now  named  De  Riviere  van  den  Vorst  Mauritius,  or  Prince 
Maurice's  river,  and  immediately  below  the  present  city  of  Albany, 
they  caused  a  trading  house  to  be  erected,  thirty-six  feet  long  and 
twenty-six  feet  wide.  Around  this  was  raised  a  strong  stockade,  fifty 
feet  square,  which  was  next  encirled  by  a  moat  eighteen  feet  wide,  the 
whole  being  defended  by  two  pieces  of  cannon  and  eleven  stone  guns, 
mounted  on  swivels,  and  garrisoned  by  ten  or  twelve  men.  This  post 


Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck.  185 

was  placed  under  the  command  of  Jacob  Jacobz  Elkens,  \rho  continued 
here  four  years  in  the  employ  of  this  association,  during  which  time  he 
was  well  liked  by  the  natives,  with  whose  language  he  was  thoroughly 
conversant.  Another  fort  was  erected,  under  the  superintendence  of 
Corstiaensen,  on  an  elevated  spot  on  the  southern  extremity  of  the  island 
Manhattan,  where  an  insignificant  establishment  had  already  existed  in 
1613,  as  already  stated.  Possession  was  thus  taken  of  the  two  most 
important  points  on  the  river,  to  which  the  powerful  Mohawks,  the 
fierce  Manhatters,  and  the  various  other  tribes  in  the  neighborhood, 
brought  their  valuable  furs  to  be  exchanged  for  European  trinkets  and 
duffels  The  post  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  was,  however,  the  traders' 
head-quarters.  Hither  annually  came  the  ships  of  the  New  Netherland 
Company,  arid  hence  was  annually  exported  whatever  had  been  collected 
from  the  Indians,  after  their  hunting  season,  at  the  neighboring  coasts 
and  rivers;  from  the  distant  castles  of  the  Five  Nations  to  the  hunting 
grounds  of  the  Minquas.  Considerable  activity  consequently  prevailed 
among  the  agents  and  other  servants  of  the  company  in  pushing  trade, 
and  exploring  the  adjoining  coasts.  Runners  scoured  the  woods,  in  order 
to  become  acquainted  with  the  habits  of  the  Indians,  their  manner  of 
dealing,  and  to  establish  friendly  relations  with  those  tribes  to  which 
the  Dutch  were  not  already  known. 

The  Restless  having  now  thoroughly  examined  the  coast  as  far  as 
38°,  and  penetrated  up  the  Delaware  as  far  as  the  Schuylkill,  Capt. 
Hendrickson  returned  to  Holland  in  the  summer  of  1616,  from  his  second 
voyage,  for  the  purpose  of  laying  before  the  managers  of  the  company  the 
particulars  of  his  explorations.  On  being  presented  to  the  States  Gene- 
ral, he  made  a  verbal  report  of  his  adventures,  on  the  part  of  his  employ- 
ers, who,  at  the  same  time,  petitioned  their  High  Mightinesses,  setting 
forth  that  they  had,  at  considerable  expense,  discovered  and  explored 
certain  countries,  bays,  and  three  rivers,  lying  in  latitude  from  38°  to 
40°,  with  a  small  yacht  called  the  Restless,  of  about  eight  lasts  burden, 
commanded  by  Capt  Cornelis  Hendricksen,  Jr.,  of  Monnichendam, 
which  yacht  the  petitioners  had  built  in  the  aforesaid  country.  They 
thereupon  demanded,  in  conformity  with  the  provisions  of  the  ordinance 
of  March,  1614.  the  exclusive  privilege  of  trading  thither. 

Skipper  Hendricksen's  report,  it  is  to  be  regretted,  is  both  meagre  and 
.brief.  After  the  detail  of  the  preceding  discoveries,  he  described  the 
country  as  well  wooded  with  oak,  pine,  and  hickory,  which  trees  he  add- 
ed, were  in  some  places  covered  with  vines.  He  stated  that  he  found 
in  those  parts  male  and  female  deer,  turkeys,  and  partridges,  and  that 
the  climate  was  as  temperate  as  that  of  Holland ;  that  he  had  traded 
for  seal  and  sable  skins,  furs,  and  other  peltries,  with  the  Minquas,  from 
whom  he  had  ransomed  three  of  the  company's  servants,  who  had  left 
their  employment  among  the  Mohawks  and  Mohegans,  having  given, 
in  exchange  for  them,  beads,  kettles,  and  other  merchandise. 

Whether  it  was  that  the  States  General  were  dissatisfied  with  the  small 
amount  of  information  furnished  in  this  report,  or  that  other  interests  had 
by  this  time  sprung  up,  which  were  anxious  to  participate  in  the  advan- 
tages of  the  trade  to  America,  or  that  paramount  reasons  of  puplic  policy 
influenced  their  deliberations,  their  high  mightinesses  laid  this  appli- 


186  Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck. 

cation  on  the  table,  and  the  exclusive  grant  to  the  New  Netherland 
Company  expired,  by  its  own  limitation,  on  the  1st  of  January,  1618, 
in  the  spring  of  which  year,  the  breaking  up  of  the  icer  and  the  accom- 
panying freshet  on  the  River  Mauritius,  or  North  river,  did  so  much 
injury  to  the  company's  fort  on  Castle  island,  that  their  servants  were 
obliged  to  abandon  it,  and  to  remove  a  few  miles  south,  to  the  banks  of 
the  Tawalsontha  creek,  now  called  the  Norman's  kill.  Here,  on  a  hill, 
called  by  the  Indians  Tawassgunshee,  they  erected  a  new  fortification, 
and  concluded  with  the  great  confederacy  of  the  Five  Nations  a  formal 
treaty  of  alliance  and  peace. 

This  celebrated  Indian  confederation  was  composed  of  five  tribes,  namely 
the  Mohawks,  Oneidas,  Onondngas,  Cayugas,  and  Senecas,  and  generally 
known  by  the  name  of  the  Iroquois.  They  inhabited  the  country  bound- 
ed on  the  east  by  the  great  River  Manhattes  and  Lake  Irocoisia,  or 
Champlain;  on  the  west  by  Lake  Erie  and  the  River  Niagara-,  on  the 
north  by  Lake  Ontario  and  the  Great  river  of  Canada;  and  on  the 
south  by  the  country  of  the  Lenni  Lenape,  or  Delawares.  When  the 
Dutch  arrived  in  America,  the  tribes  composing  the  Five  Nations  were 
at  war  with  the  Algonquin,  or  Canada  Indians  But  the  latter  having 
formed  an  alliance  with  the  French,  who,  some  years  previous  to  this 
date,  had  commenced  the  settlement  of  New  France,  as  Canada  was 
called,  derived  such  powerful  aid  from  the  fire-arms  of  their  European 
allies,  that  the  Iroquois  were  defeated  in  almost  every  rencontre  with 
their  ancient  enemy.  Smarting  under  the- disgrace  of  tbese  unexpected 
repulses,  the  Iroquois  hailed  the  establishment  among  themr  now  of 
another  European  nation  familiar  with  the  use  of  those  terrible  instru- 
ments, which,  almost  without  human  invention,  scattered  death  wher- 
ever they  were  directed,  and  defied  the  war  club  and  bow  and  arrow  as 
weapons  of  attack  or  defence.  Though  jealous  by  nature,  and  given  to 
suspicion,  the  Indians  exhibited  none  of  these  feelings  towards  the  new- 
comers, whose  numbers  were  too  few  even  to  protect  themselves  or  to  inflict 
injury  on  others.  On  the  contrary,  they  courted  their  friendship,  for 
through  them  they  shrewdly  calculated  on  being  placed  in  a  condition  to 
cope  with  the  foe,  or  to  obtain  that  bloody  triumph  for  which  they 
thirsted.  Such  were  the -circumstances  which  now  led  to  that  treaty  of 
alliance,  which,  as  the  tradition  goes,  was  concluded  on  the  tanks  of 
the  Norman's  kill,  between  the  Five  Nations  and  the  Dutch. 

Nothing  could  surpass  the  importance  the  warlike  inhabitants  of  those 
ancients  forests  attached  to  the  ratification  of  this  solemn  treaty.  Each 
tribe  sent  its  chief  as  its  ambassador  to  represent  it  on  this  occasion. 
The  neighboring  tribes — the  Lenni  Lenape  and  Mohegans — were  invited 
to  attend ;  and  there  in  the  presence  of  the  earth,  their  common  mother 
— of  the  sun,  which  shed  its  genial  heat  on  all  alike — by  the  murmurs 
of  that  romantic  stream,  whose  waters  had  been  made  to  flow  by  their 
common  Maker  from  all  time,  was  the  belt  of  peace  held  fast  by  the 
Dutch  and  their  aboriginal  allies,  in  token  of  their  eternal  union.  There 
was  the  calumet  smoked,  and  the  hatchet  buried,  while  the  Dutch  traders 
declared  that  they  should  forthwith  erect  a  church  over  the  weapon  of 
war,  so  that  it  could  no  more  be  exhumed  without  overturning  the  sa- 
cred edifice,  and  whoever  dared  do  that  should  incur  the  resentment  of 


Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck.      .  187 

the  white  men.  By  this  treaty  the  Dutch  secured  for  themselves  the 
quiet  possession  of  the  Indian  trade,  and  the  Five  Nations  obtained  the 
means  to  assert  that  ascen  'ancy  which  they  ever  after  maintained  over  the 
other  native  tribes,  and  to  inspire  terror  far  and  near  among  the  other 
savages  of  North  America." 

The  West  India  Company  having  finally  in  1623  concluded  its  pre- 
paratory arrangements,  and  completed,  with  the  sanction  of  the  States 
General,  the  articles  of  agreement  between  the  managers  and  the  other 
adventurers,  lost  no  time  in  commencing  operations  and  forming  estab- 
lishments in  New  Netherland,  which  was  erected  into  a  province.  A 
fortified  post,  called  Fort  Orange,  was  commenced  on  the  west  bank  of 
the  river  Mauritius,  as  the  North  jiver  was  called,  a  few  miles  north  of 
the  redoubt  which  had  been  erected  in  1618  on  Tawalsoatha  creek,  and 
thirty-six  (Dutch)  miles  from  the  Island  of  Manhattans. 

In  1629,  a  charter  of  privileges  and  exemptions  was  passed  for  the 
encouragement  of  patroons  to  settle  colonies,  and  in  the  following  year 
several  wealthy  and  influential  directors  of  the  Dutch  West  India 
company  hastened  to  avail  themselves  of  its  advantages.  Bastiaea 
Jansen  Krol,  commissary,  and  Dierck  Cornelissen  Duyster,  under- 
commissary  at  Fort  Orange,  having  learned  that  a  tract  of  land  called 
Sannahagog,  lying  on  the  west  side  of  the  North  river,  extending  from 
Beeren  island,  by  the  Indians  called  Passapenock,  up  to  the  Smackx 
island,  and  in  breadth  two  days'  journey,  was  for  sale,,  purchased  the 
same  from  Paep  Sikenekomptas,  Nancouttanshal,  and  Sickoussen,  the 
native  proprietors,  for  Kiliaen  van  Rensselaer,  a  pearl-merchant  in 
Amsterdam,  and  oae  of  the  directors  of  the  West  India  Company. 
Three  momths  afterwards,  Gillis  Hoossett  purchased,  in  the  presence  of 
Jan  Jansen  Meyndertsen,  Wolfert  Gerrittsen,  and  Jan  Tyssen,  trumpeter, 
for  the  same  gentleman,  from  Cottomack,  Nawanemit,  Abantzene, 
Sagisguwa,  and  Kanamoack,  the  lands  lying  south  and  north  of  Fort 
Orange,  and  extending  to  within  a  short  distance  of  Moenimines  Castle, 
then  situated  on  what  is  now  called  Haver  island,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Mohawk;  and  from  Nawanemit,  one  of  the  last  named  chiefs, 
his  grounds,  called  Semesseeck,  stretching  on  the  east  side  of  the 
river,  from  opposite  Castle  island  to  a  point  facing  Fort  Orange,  and 
thence  from  Pretanoek,  the  Mill  creek,  north  to  Negagons.  These 
conveyances  were  subsequently  ratified  by  the  respective  parties,  in  the 
presence  of  the  Director-general  and  council  of  New  Netherland,  who 
signed  an  instrument  to  that  effect,  "  sealed  with  the  seal  of  New  Neth- 
erland in  red  wax,"  on  the  same  day  that  the  charter  of  1629  was 
proclaimed  at  Fort  Amsterdam.  Nearly  seven  years  afterwards — namely, 
ly,  on  the  13th  April,  1637 — an  intervening  district  called  Papsickenekaas 
or  Papsskanea  as  the  name  is  now  pronounced,  lying  also  on  the  east  side 
of  the  river,  and  extending  from  opposite  Castle  island  south  to  the  point 
opposite  Smackx  island,  and  including  the  adjacent  islands  and  all  the 
lands  back  into  the  interior,  belonging  to  the  Indain  owners,  was  purchased 
"  for  certain  quantities  of  duffels,  axes,  knives,  and  wampum,"  also  for 
Mr.  Van  Rensselaer,  who  thus  became  proprietor  of  a  tract  of  country 
twenty-four  miles  long,  and  forty  eight  miles  broad,  containing,  as  is  esti- 
mated,, over  seven  hundred  thousand  acres  of  land.,  which  now  compose 
the  counties  of  Albany,  Rensselaer.,  and  part  .of  the  county  of  Columbia . 


188  Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck. 

On  the  1st  of  October  1630,  a  copartnership  was  entered  into  between 
Kiliaen  van  Rensselaer,  Samuel  Godyn.  Johannes  de  Laet,  and  Samuel 
Bloemmaert,  with  whom  were  associated  Adam  Bissels  and  Toussaint 
Moussart,  who,  by  the  terms  of  the  contract,  were  constituted  codirec- 
tors,  of  Rensselaerswyck.  The  common  stock  of  this  association  was 
divided  into  five  shares,  of  which  Van  Rensselaer  held  two;  De  Laet, 
one;  Godyn,  one;  and  Bloemmaert  and  his  associates,  one;  and  the  man- 
agement of  the  affairs  of  the  colonie  was  committed  to  a  board  consisting 
of  four  persons  or  votes,  of  which  Van  Rensselaer  represented,  or  held 
two;  Bloemmaert,  or  Bissels,  one;  and  De  Laet,  or  Moussart,  one.  Van 
Rensselaer  was,  however,  not  to  have  any  rank  or  authority  in  the 
colonie  superior  to  his  associates,  except  the  title  of  patroon,  which,  with 
all  its  feudal  honors,  was  vested  in  him  alone,  the  partners  binding  them- 
selves to  do  fealty  and  homage  for  the  fief  on  his  demise,  in  the  name, 
and  on  the  behalf  of  his  son  and  heirs. 

Another  association  was  formed,  a  few  days  afterwards,  between 
Godyn,  Van  Rensselaer,  Bloemmaert,  De  Laet,  Mathias  van  Cuelen, 
Hendrick  Hamel,  Johan  van  Harinckhouck,  and  Nicolaus  van  Sitterich, 
also  directors  of  the  West  India  Company,  and  Capt.  David  Pieterssen 
de  Vries,  for  planting  a  colonie  on  the  South  river.  Equalizing  all 
expected  advantages,  they  equipped  a  ship  and  yacht  for  that  quarter, 
where  they  designed  raising  tobacco  and  grain,  and  prosecuting  the 
whale-fishery,  oil  bringing  then  a  fair  price  in  Holland.  Preparations 
were  also  made  to  expedite  farmers  and  cattle  to  Rensselaerswyck:  and 
everywhere,  at  home  and  abroad,  things  wore  the  aspect  of  prosperity, 
and  u  promised  fairlie  both  to  the  state  and  undertakers." 

The  condition  of  the  Dutch  settlements  on  the  North  river,  at  this  time, 
is  thus  alluded  to  by  a  contemporary  English  writer:  "This  which  they 
have  settled  in  New  England  upon  Hudson's  river,  with  no  extraordi- 
nary charge  or  multitude  of  people,  is  knowne  to  subsist  in  a  comfortable 
manner,  and  to  promise  fairlie  both  to  the  state  and  undertakers.  The 
cause  is  evident:  The  men  whom  they  carrie,  though  they  be  not  many, 
are  well  chosen,  and  known  to  be  useful  and  serviceable;  and  they  second 
them  with  seasonable  and  fit  supplies,  cherishing  them  as  carefully  as 
their  owne  families,  and  employ  them  in  profitable  labors,  that  are 
knowne  to  be  of  speciall  use  to  their  comfortable  subsisting."  The 
Planters'  Plea;  London,  1630. 

^  The  inhabitants  of  Rensselaerswyck  in  1640,  who  numbered  at  the 
time  as  many  traders  as  individuals,  noting  the  avidity  with  which  the 
Mohawks  sought  after  fire-arms,  willingly  paying  the  English  twenty 
beavers  for  a  musket,  and  from  ten  to  twelve  guilders  for  a  pound  of 
gunpowder,  were  desirous  to  share  so  profitable  a  trade.  They  commenced 
accordingly,  to  furnish  fire-arms  to  these  Indians.  The  profits  which 
accrued  became  soon  known,  and  traders  from  Holland  soon  introduced 
large  quantities  of  guns  and  other  munitions  of  war  into  the  interior. 
The  Mohawks,  thus  provided  with  arms  for  four  hundred  warriors,  swept 
the  country  from  Canada  to  the  sea-coast,  levying  tribute  on  the  sur- 
rounding terror-stricken  tribes. 

The  charter  of  1629  having  provided  that  every  colonie  should  contain, 
within  four  years  after  its  establishment,  at  least  fifty  persons  over  fif» 


I 

Hi 


Ontario: 


Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck.  189 

teen  years  of  age,  one  fourth  of  whom  should  be  located  within  the 
first  year,  the  parties  interested  in  the  settlement  of  Rensselaerswyck 
lost  no  time  in  complying  with  these  conditions.  Early  in  the  spring  of 
the  following  year  a  number  of  colonists,  with  their  families,  and  pro- 
vided with  farming  implements,  stock,  and  all  other  necessaries,  sailed 
from  the  Texel,  in  the  company's  ship  the  Eendracht,  Capt.  Jan  Brou- 
wer,  commander,  and  arived  in  safety  at  the  Manhattes,  after  a  passage 
of  sixty-four  days.  In  a  short  time  afterwards  they  landed  at  Fort 
Orange,  in  the  vicinity  of  which  they  were  furnished  with  comfortable 
farm-houses  and  other  dwellings,  at  the  expense  of  the  patroon  and  his 
associates.  Other  settlers  followed,  with  additional  stock,  each  succeed- 
ing season,  and  thus  were  laid  the  foundations  of  those  moral,  wealthy, 
and  prosperous  settlements  which  we  now  behold  in  and  around  the 
present  city  of  Albany. 

Invested  as  well  by  the  Roman  law,  as  by  the  charter,  with  the  chief 
command  and  lower  jurisdiction,  the  patroon  became  empowered  to 
administer  civil  and  criminal  justice,  in  person,  or  by  deputy,  within 
his  colonie;  to  appoint  local  officers  and  magistrates;  to  erect  courts,  and 
to  take  cognizance  of  all  crimes  committed  within  his  limits-,  to  keep  a 
gallows,  if  such  were  required,  for  the  execution  of  malefactors,  subject 
however,  to  the  restriction  that  if  such  gallows  happened,  by  any  ac- 
cident, to  fall,  pending  an  execution,  a  new  one  could  not  be  erected, 
unless  for  the  purpose  of  hanging  another  criminal.  The  right  to  inflict 
punishments  of  minor  severity  was  necessarily  included  in  that  which 
authorized  capital  convictions,  and  accordingly  we  find  various  instances, 
throughout  the  record  of  the  local  court,  of  persons  who  had,  by  breaking 
the  law,  rendered  themselves  dangerous  to  society,  or  obnoxious  to  the 
authorities,  having  been  banished  from  the  colonie,  or  condemned  to 
corporal  chastisement,  fine,  or  imprisonment,  according  to  the  grade  of 
their  offences. 

In  civil  cases,  all  disputes  between  man  and  man;  whether  relating 
to  contracts,  titles,  possessions,  or  boundaries;  injuries  to  property,  per- 
son, or  character;  claims  for  rents,  and  all  other  demands  between  the 
patroon  and  his  tenants,  were  also  investigated  and  decided  by  these 
courts;  from  the  judgment  of  which,  in  matters  affecting  life  and  limb, 
and  in  suits  where  the  sum  in  litigation  exceeded  twenty  dollars,  ap- 
peals lay  to  the  director-general  and  council  at  Fort  Amsterdam.  But 
the]  local  authorities,  it  must  be  added,  were  so  jealous  of  this  privilege 
that  they  obliged  the  colonists,  on  settling  within  their  jurisdiction  to 
promise  not  to  appeal  from  any  sentence  of  the  local  tribunal. 

The  laws  in  force  here  were,  as  in  other  sections  of  New  Nelherland, 
the  civil  code,  the  enactments  of  the  States  General,  the  ordinances  of 
the  West  India  Company,  and  of  the  director-general  and  council,  when 
properly  published  within  the  colonie,  and  such  rules  and  regulations  as 
the  patroon  and  his  codirectors,  or  the  local  authorities  might  establish 
and  enact. 

The  government  was  vested  in  a  general  court,  which  exercised  exec- 
utive, legislative  or  muncipa],  and  judicial  functions,  and  which  was 
composed  of  two  commissaries,  (gecommittcerden;)  two  councillors, 
styled  indiscriminately  raetspersoonen,  gerechts-persoonen,  or  raedts- 


190  Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck. 

vrienden,  or  schepenen,  and  who  answered  to  modern  justices  of  the  peace. 

Adjoined  to  this  court  were  a  colonial  secretary,  a  sheriff,  or,  schout 
fiscaal,  and  a  Gerechts-bode,  court  messenger,  or  constable.  Each  of 
these  received  a  small  compensation,  either  in  the  shape  of  a  fixed  salary 
or  fees;  the  commissaries  and  magistrates,  fifty,  one  hundred,  or  two 
hundred  guilders  annually,  according  to  their  standing;  the  secretary 
one  hundred  guilders;  and  the  court  messenger  one  hundred  and  fifty, 
with  the  addition  of  trifling  fees  for  the  transcript  and  service  of  papers. 
The  magistrates  of  the  colonie  held  office  for  a  year,  the  court  appointing 
their  successors  from  among  the  other  settlers,  or  continuing  those  already 
in  office,  at  the  expiration  of  their  term  of  service,  as  it  deemed  proper. 

The  most  important  functionary  attached  to  this  government  was, 
as  throughout  the  other  parts  of  the  country,  the  schout-fiscaal,  who, 
in  discharge  of  his  public  functions,  was  bound  by  instructions  received 
from  the  patroon  and  codirectors,  similar  in  tenor  to  those  given  to  the 
same  officer  at  the  Manhattans.  No  man  in  the  colonie  was  to  be  sub- 
ject to  loss  of  life  or  property  unless  by  the  sentence  of  a  court  composed 
of  five  persons,  and  all  who  were  under  accusation  were  entitled  to  a 
speedy  and  impartial  trial.  The  public  prosecutor  was  particularly 
enjoined  not  to  receive  presents  or  bribes,  nor  to  be  interested  in  trade  or 
commerce,  either  directly  or  indirectly;  and  in  order  that  he  might  be 
attentive  to  the  performance  of  his  duties,  and  thoroughly  independent, 
he  was  secured  a  fixed  salary,  a  free  house,  and  all  fines  amounting  to 
ten  guilders  [  $4  ],  or  under,  besides  the  third  part  of  all  forfeitures  and 
amends  over  that  sum,  were  his  perquisites. 

Jacob  Albertsen  Planck  was  the  first  sheriff  of  Rensselaerswyck.  Ar- 
endt  van  Curler,  who  originally  came  out  as  assistant  commissary,  was 
appointed,  soon  after  his  arrival,  commissary-general,  or  superintendent 
of  the  colonie,  and  acted  as  colonial  secretary  until  1642,  when  he  was 
succeeded  by  Anthony  de  Hooges.  Brant  Peelen,  Gerrit  de  Reus,  Cor- 
nelis  Teunissen  van  Breuckelen,  Pieter  Cornelissen  van  Munickendam, 
and  Dirck  Janssen  were,  if  not  the  first,  at  least  among  the  earliest 
magistrates  of  the  settlement. 

The  population  of  the  colonie  consisted  at  this  remote  period  of  three 
classes.  Freemen,  who  emigrated  from  Holland  at  their  own  expense; 
farmers  and  farm-servants,  who  were  sent  out  by  the  patroon,  who  judi- 
ciously applied  his  large  resources  in  promoting  the  early  settlement  of  the 
country,  and  in  assisting  the  struggling  industry  of  his  people.  To 
accomplish  this  laudable  object,  a  number  of  farms  were  set  off,  on  both 
sides  of  the  river  and  adjoining  islands,  on  which  he  caused  dwelling- 
houses,  barns,  and  stables  to  be  erected.  These  farms  were  suitably 
stocked  with  cows,  horses,  or  oxen,  and  occasionally,  sheep;  and  fur- 
nished with  ploughs,  wagons,  and  other  necessary  agricultural  imple- 
ments.,  ail  which  preliminary  expenses  were  defrayed  by  the  proprietor  so 
that  the  farmer  entered  on  the  property  unembarrassed  by  the  want  of  capi- 
tal, which  often  tends  to  impede  the  progress  of  settlers  in  new  countries. 
Some  of  those  farms  were  then  valued,  and  an  annual  rent  was  fixed, 
equivalent  in  some  sort  to  the  interest  of  the  capital  expended  on  their 
improvement,  and  payable  semi-annually  in  grain,  beavers,  and  wampum. 
Other  farms  were  let  out  on  halves,  or  for  the  third  of  their  produce;  the 


Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck.  191 

patroon  was  entitled,  at  the  same  time,  to  half  the  increase  from  the 
stock,  reserved  to  himself  one-tenth  of  the  produce  of  each  farm;  and 
in  various  instances  Stipulated  for  a  yearly  erkentenis,  or  acknowledge- 
ment, of  a  few  pounds  of  butter.  The  tenant  was  privileged,  however 
to  compound,  by  the  payment  of  a  fixed  annual  sum  for  the  tenths  of 
the  farm,  or  for  his  halves  or  thirds.  He  was  bound,  at  the  same  time, 
to  keep  the  fences,  buildings,  or  farming-  implements,  in  repair,  and  to 
deliver  them  up  in  the  same  good  order  in  which  he  had  received  them, 
subject  in  all  cases  to  ordinary  wear  and  tear,  but  the  patroon  bore  all 
risks  of  destruction  of  the  buildings,  cattle  and  other  property  which 
might  accrue  from  war,  or  misunderstanding  with  the  Indians.  Wild 
or  unimproved  land  was  usually  leased  for  a  term  of  ten  years  free  of 
rent  or  tenths,  subject,  however,  to  be  improved  by  the  lessee,  all  im- 
provements falling  to  the  patioon  on  the  expiration  of  the  lease.  In 
addition  to  the  facilities  above  enumerated,  each  of  the  settlers,  on  "leav- 
ing Holland,  were,  like  those  sent  by  the  West  India  Company  to  the 
Manhattans,  generally  furnished  with  clothing  and  a  small  sum  in  cash, 
the  latter  to  be  repaid,  at  some  future  occasion,  in  produce  or  wampum, 
with  an  advance  on  the  principal  of  fifty  per  cent.  This,  however 
disproportionate  it  may  now  seem,  can  not  be  considered  unreasonable  or 
extravagant,  when  it  is  understood  that  the  difference,  at  the  time, 
between  colonial  and  Holland  currency  was  nearly  forty  per  cent,  while 
between  the  latter  and  the  value  of  wampum  it  was  vastly  larger.  The 
patroon  was  bound,  at  the  same  time,  to  supply  his  colonists  with  a 
sufficient  number  of  laborers  to  assist  them  in  the  work  of  their  farms. 
As  compensation  for  his  trouble  in  engaging  these  and  for  his  advances 
in  conveying  them  to  America,  he  was  entitled  to  the  sum  of  sixteen 
guilders,  or  six  dollars,  per  annum  for  each  laborer,  over  and  above  the 
yearly  wages  which  the  farmer  was  to  allow  such  servants,  and  which 
ranged  from  forty  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  guilders,  and  board.  This 
sum  provided  these  servants  with  necessary  clothing,  and  in  the  course 
of  time  placed  at  their  disposal  wherewith  to  enter  on  a  farm  on  their 
own  account.  It  is  to  be  remarked,  however,  that  the  first  patroon 
seriously  complained  that  his  settlers  not  only  threw  altogether  on  him 
the  payment  of  these  wages,  but  took  large  quantities  of  goods  from  his 
store,  for  which  they  made  no  returns  whatever,  though  they  were 
bound  to  settle  at  the  end  of  each  year,  and  to  hand  in  an  account  of  the 
produce  of  the  farm,  distinguishing  the  patroon's  tenths,  halves,  or  thirds, 
the  amount  paid  for  wages,  and  their  own  expenses,  so  as  to  allow  him 
to  ascertain  what  his  own  profits  and  losses  were  at  the  close  of  each 
annual  term. 

In  return  for  his  outlay  and  trouble,  the  civil  code,  which,  it  must  be 
always  borne  in  mind,  was  the  fundamental  law  of  this  colonie,  vested 
in  the  patroon  several  privileges  common  to  the  feudal  system.  At  the 
close  of  the  harvest,  the  farmer  was  bound  to  hand  in  a  return  of  the 
amount  of  grain  which  he  had  for  sale,  after  deducting  what  was  due  to 
the  landlord  by  the  lease,  and  offer  to  him  or  his  commissary  the  pre- 
e'mption  of  such  produce.  In  case  he  refused  to  buy  it,  then  the  farmer 
was  at  liberty  to  svll  the  same  elsewhere.  The  like  rule  obtained  in 
regard  to  cattle.  When  these  were  to  be  sold,  the  first  offer  was  also  t?$ 


192  Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck. 

be  made  to  the  patroon,  in  order,  we  presume,  that  he  should  have  an 
opportunity  of  retaining  the  stock  within  the  colonie.  Every  settler 
was,  likewise,  obligated  to  grind  his  corn  at  the  ptttroon's  mill,  and  the 
latter  was  equally  obligated  to  erect,  and  keep  such  mill  in  repair,  at 
his  own  expense,  for  the  accommodation  of  his  colonists.  No  person 
could  hunt  or  fish  within  the  limits  of  the  colonie,  without  license 
from  the  patroon,  who,  on  the  exchange,  sale,  am!  purchase  of  real 
estate  within  his  jurisdiction,  was  entitled  to  the  first  offer  of  such  prop- 
erty; or  if  he  declined  to  resume  it,  to  a  certain  portion  of  the  purchase 
money,  except  such  mutation  occurred  in  the  natural  line  of  descent. 
Finally,  it  was  his  right,  as  "  lord  of  the  manor,"  to  succeed  to  the 
estate  and  property  of  all  persons  who  might  die  intestate  within  his 
colonie. 

Under  the  fostering  care  of  its  first  patroon,  and  the  prudent  manage- 
ment of  its  local  magistracy,  the  colonie  of  Rensselaerswyck  progress- 
ively, though  slowly,  advanced.  Portions  of  its  inhabitants  occasionally 
returned  to  Fatherland,  to  spread  the  tidings  of  their  prosperity,  and  to 
invite  their  friends  and  relatives  to  join  them  in  their  new  homes,  which 
from  the  abundance  and  cheapness  of  provisions,  deserved  truly  to  be 
called  "  a  land  flowing  with  milk  and  honey. "  A  hamlet  gradually 
arose.  On  account,  it  is  said,  of  the  crescent  form  of  the  bank  of  the 
river  at  this  point,  this  hamlet  was  first  called  the  Fuyck,  or  Beversfuyck, 
and  afterwards  Beverswyck,  by  which  name  the  present  city  of  Albany 
was  legally  known  until  1664,  though  it  was  familiarly  called  the  Fuyck, 
by  the  Dutch,  for  many  years  after  the  entire  country  had  passed  into 
the  hands  of  other  masters. 

In  order  to  give  greater  stability  to  his  settlement,  and  to  become 
better  acquainted  with  its  condition,  Mr.  Van  Rensselaer,  it  is  alleged, 
visited  the  colonie  in  person  in  1637.  His  stay  in  the  country,  if  he  ever 
did  come,  was,  however,  not  very  long.  The  demise  or  resignation  of 
Sheriff  Planck  now  required  the  appointment  of  a  new  officer,  and  the 
peculiar  position  of  the  settlers,  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  rude  and 
unconverted  savages,  demanded  the  guardian  supervision  and  solacing 
comforts  of  religion,  for  as  yet  neither  church  nor  clergymen  existed  in 
Rensselaerswyck.  To  secure  an  efficient  administration  ot  justice,  and 
to  provide  a  properly  qualified  clergyman  for  his  people,  consequently 
became  a  paramount  duty. 

Adriaen  van  der  Donck,  "a  free  citizen  of  Breda," — a  lineal  descendant 
of  Adriaen  van  Bergen,  part  owner  of  the  famous  turf-sloop  in  which  a 
party  of  Dutch  troops  were  clandestinely  introduced,  in  the  year  1590, 
into  the  castle  commanding  that  city,  then  in  the  hands  of  the  Spanish, 
by  which  stratagem  that  stronghold  fell  into  the  hands  of  their  High 
Mightinesses  the  States  General, — and  a  graduate  of  the  University  of 
Leyden,  was  selected  as  the  successor  of  Sheriff  Planck.  He  entered  on 
the  performance  of  his  duties,  as  schout-fiscaal  of  Rensselaerswyck,  in 
the  course  of  a  month  or  two  after  his  appointment,  having,  previous  to 
his  departure  from  Holland,  taken  a  lease  from  the  patroon  of  the  west 
half  of  Castle  island,  called  Welysburg. 

The  Rev.  Johannes  Megapolensis,  ' '  the  pious  and  well-learned  minis- 
ter of  the  congregation  of  Schoorel  and  Berge,"  under  the  dassis  of  Alk- 


Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck.  103 

maer,  was  duly  called  to  disseminate  the  light  of  the  gospel  among  the 
Christians  and  heathen  in  the  colonie,  and  regularly  commissioned  "  to 
preach  God's  word  there  ;  to  administer  the  holy  sacraments  of  baptism 
and  the  Lord's  supper;  to  set  an  example,  in  a  Christian-like  manner, 
by  public  precept-,  to  ordain  elders  and  deacons;  to  keep  and  govern,  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  assistance  of  the  same,  God's  congregation  in 
good  discipline  and  order,  all  according  to  God's  holy  word,  and  in 
conformity  with  the  government,  confession,  and  catechism  of  the 
Netherland  churches,  and  the  synodal  acts  of  Dordrecht." 

The  allowance  guarantied  to  this  clergyman  was  free  passage  and 
board  for  himself,  his  wife  and  four  children,  who  accompanied  him  to 
New  Netherland;  an  outfit  of  three  hundred  guilders,  or  one  hundred 
and  twenty  dollars,  and  an  annual  stipend,  for  the  first  three  years,  of 
eleven  hundred  guilders,  ($440,)  thirty  schepels  of  wheat,  and  two  firkins 
of  butter,  or  in  place  thereof,  should  he  prefer  it,  sixty  guilders  in  cash. 
This  salary  was  to  be  further  increased  by  an  addition  of  two  hundred 
guilders  a  year,,  for  a  second  term  of  three  years,  if  the  patroon  were, 
satisfied  with  his  services.  A  pension  of  one  hundred  guilders  per  an- 
num was  secured  to  his  wife,  in  case  of  his  demise  within  the  above 
term,  for  and  during  whatever  time  might  remain  unexpired  of  his 
engagement. 

These  preliminaries  having  been  thus  arranged,  an  obstacle  was 
unexpectedly  thrown  in  the  way  of  Mr.  Mcgapolensis's  departure  by  the 
directors  of  the  West  India  Company,  who  claimed  the  exclusive  right 
to  approve  of  his  appointment.  To  this,  however,  the  feudal  lord  of 
Rensselaerswyck  demurred;  and  it  was  not  until  after  a  lapse  of  several 
months  that  a  compromise  was  agreed  to,  the  directors  approving  of  the 
appointment  under  protest  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Van  Rensselaer,  saving 
his  rights  as  patroon. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Megapolensis  and  family  embarked,  together  with 
Abraham  Staes,  surgeon,  Evert  Pels,  brewer,  and  a  number  of  other 
freemen,  farmers,  and  farm-servants,  shortly  after  this,  in  the  ship  the 
Houttuyn,  or  Woodyard,  which  was  freighted  with  a  quantity  of  goods 
for  the  colonie — between  two  and  three  hundred  bushels  of  malt  for 
Mr.  Pels — four  thousand  tiles,  and  thirty  thousand  stone  for  building — 
besides  some  vines  and  madder,  the  cultivation  of  which  the  patroon 
was  desirous  of  introducing  among  his  people.*  On  the  arrival  of 
Mr.  Megapolensis  at  Rensselaerswyck,  a  contract  was  concluded  for  the 
erection  of  a  dwelling  for  himself  and  family,  but  the  contractor  having 
failed  in  fulfilling  his  agreement,  a  house  belonging  to  Maryn  Adriaensen, 
constructed  entirely  of  oak,  was  subsequently  purchased  for  his  use,  for 
the  sum  of  three  hundred  guilders,  or  one  hundred  and  twenty  dollars. 
For  the  convenience  of  the  settlers  at  Tuscameatick,(as  Greenbush,  at 
the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  was  called  by  the  Indians,)  a  ferry  was 
next  established  near  the  foot  of  the  Beaver's  kill, (where  it  still  continues 

'  *Mr.  Pels  erected  a  brewery  in  the  colonie ;  Dr.  Rlaes  became  one  of  the  council  in 
1643,  am)  was  appointed  president  of  tlie  board  in  1644,  at  a  salary  of  100  florins  ($40) 
per  annum  He  obtained  license  to  trade  in  furs,  and  had  al>o  a  considerable  bouwerie, 
besides  pursuing  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  was  the  ancestor  of  the  Staats  of 
the  present  day,  the  original  name  having  assumed  shortly  afterwards  the  termination 
it  now  has. 


194  Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck. 

to  ply,)  and  as  it  was  the  patroon's  intention  that  the  church,  the  min- 
ister's dwelling,  the  attorney-geueral's  residence,  and  the  honses  for  the 
trades-people  and  mechanics,  should  be  erected  in  one  vicinity,  so  as  to 
constitute  a  kerckbuurte,  or  settlement  around  the  church,  orders  were 
transmitted  that  no  persons  (farmers  and  tobacco  planters  excepted) 
should,  for  the  future,  establish  themselves,  after  the  expiration  of  their 
term  of  service,  elsewhere  than  in  the  vicinity  of  the  church,  and  accord- 
ing to  the  plan  now  sent  out  by  the  Houttuvn;  for,  it  was  justly 
observed,  "if  every  one  resides  where  he  thinks  fit,  separated  far  from 
other  settlers,  they,  should  trouble  occur,  would  be  unfortunately  in 
danger  of  their  lives,  as  sorrowful  experience  hath  demonstrated  around 
the  "Manhattans."  A  church,  thirty-four  feet  long,  and  nineteen  feet 
wide — the  first  in  this  quarter — was  erected  in  the  course  of  the  follow- 
ing year.  Though  humble  in  its  dimensions,  when  compared  with 
modern  edifices  of  a  similar  sacred  character,  it  was  considered,  at  this 
time,  sufficiently  ample  for  the  accommodation  of  the  faithful,  u  for  the 
next  three  or  four  years,  after  which  it  might  be  converted  into  a  school- 
house,  or  a  dwelling  for  the  sexton."  A  pulpit,  ornamented  with  a 
canopy,  was  soon  added  for  the  preacher,  as  well  as  pews  for  the  magis- 
trates and  for  the  deacons,  and  "  nine  benches"  for  the  congregation. 
The  expense  of  all  this  necessary  furniture  amounted  to  the  sum  of 
thirty-two  dollars.  While  providing  accommodation  for  the  living  the 
dead  were  not  forgotten.  The  church-yard  lay  in  the  rear,  or  to  the 
west,  of  the  patroon's  trading-house — in  what  is  now  very  [correctly 
called  Church  street:  and  in  order  "to  be  safe  from  the  ravages  of  the 
Indians,"  the  infant  hamlet,  living  and  dead,  nestled  close  under  the  guns 
of  Fort  Orange. 

One  of  the  principal  aims  of  the  first  founders  of  Rensselaerswyck 
seems  to  have  been  to  secure  for  themselves  the  valuable  trade  in  furs, 
the  chief  mart  for  which  centered  at  the  point  where  they  made  their 
purchase  and  commenced  their  settlement.  To  engross  this  the  more 
effectually,  all  foreign  and  unlicensed  traders  were  rigidly  excluded  from 
the  colonie.  The  palroon  and  his  partners  were  the  only  privileged 
importers  of  European  merchandise,  the  company  having,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  war  and  other  causes,  ceased  to  keep  Fort  Orange  supplied 
with  foreign  goods.  All  settlers  were  bound  under  oath  not  to  purchase 
any  peltries  from  the  Indians,  on  pain  of  forfeiting  their  goods  and  wa- 
ges, unless  duly  licensed  to  carry  on  such  trade,  for  such  a  privilege  was 
exclusively  vested  in  the  patroon  by  the  sixth  article  of  the  charter. 
The  majority  of  the  settlers  subsequently  obtained  such  permission  ; 
received  goods  on  credit  from  the  patroon's  store,  and  every  farmer,  as 
De  Vries  observes,  become  a  trader.  They  were,  however,  obliged  to 
bring  in  all  the  furs  which  they  purchased  to  the  patroon's  magazine,  to 
be  sent  over  to  Holland  to  him,  he  retaining,  as  his  share,  half  the  profits. 
This  condition  was  afterwards  modified  so  far  as  to  allow  him  to  retain 
only  the  sixth  beaver,  and  one  guilder  recognition,  or  duty,  on  each  of 
the  remaining  five-sixths.  This  system  soon  produced  results  which 
were  naturally  to  be  expected.  Competition  raised  the  price  of  peltries 
nearly  one  hundred  per  cent.  Prior  to  1642  the  price  of  a  merchantable 
beaver,  which  averaged  about  an  ell  square,  was  six  hands,  or  fathoms, 


Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck.  195 

of  wampum.  In  the  course  of  that  year  the  article  commanded  from 
seven  to  seven  and  a  half  5  but  when  the  traders  found  that  the  agents  of 
the  patroon,  as  well  as  the  officers  at  Fort  Orange,  did  not  refuse  paying 
that  price,  they  immediately  offered  nine  ;  and  in  the  following  year 
advanced  the  rate  to  ten  fathoms  of  white  wampum  for  each  skin.  A 
joint  proclamation  was  hereupon  issued  by  the  authorities  of  Rensselaers- 
wyck, and  those  of  the  Fort,  fixing  the  price  of  furs  at  nine  fathoms  of 
white,  or  four  and  a  half  of  black  wampum,  and  forbidding  all  persons 
whatsoever,  whether.servants  of  the  company  or  residents  in  the  colonie, 
from  going  into  the  woods  to  trade  in  advance  with  the  Indians,  on  pain 
of  seizure  of  all  their  goods.  Another  proclamation  was  also  issued, 
prohibiting  all  traders  to  come  with  their  sloops  within  the  limits  of  the 
colonie  under  the  penalty  of  forfeiting  the  same.  And  on  the  following 
court-day  a  third  proclamation  followed,  for  the  better  securing  the  mo- 
nopoly of  the  import  trade  to  the  patroon,  by  which  the  inhabitants  of 
the  colonie  were  absolutely  forbidden  purchasing  any  goods  from  the 
local  traders.  Orders  were  given  at  the  same  time  to  Sheriff  Van  der 
Donck  to  enforce  these  regulations  with  strictness  and  severity. 

This  functionary,  between  whom  and  Van  Curler,  and  the  other  officers 
of  the  colonie,  considerable  jealousy  and  ill  feeling  already  existed,  had 
no  desire  to  render  himself  unpopular  with  the  colonists.  "He  should 
not"  he  said,  "make  himself  the  worst  man  in  the  colonie,  nor  be  sus- 
pected by  the  colonists,  for  his  term  as  officer  was  but  short."  He 
therefore  not  only  refused  to  enforce  these  regulations,  but  when,  a  few 
days  afterwards,  the  colonists,  contrary  to  the  prohibitions  of  the  court, 
did  purchase  duffels  and  sundry  other  goods  which  had  been  surrepti- 
tiously introduced,  he  connived  at  their  proceedings,  and  either  told  the 
suspected  parties  to  put  their  goods  out  of  his  sight,  or  neglected  entire- 
ly to  execute  his  duty,  or  to  make  any  seizures.  Not  content  with 
this  disobedience  of  orders,  he  proceeded,  next,  secretly  to  foment  feelings 
of  discontent  and  mutiny  among  the  people,  before  whom  he  placed  the 
abovementioned  placards  in  a  most  odious  light,  and  whom  he  persuaded 
into  the  belief  that  Van  Curler  was  endeavoring  "  to  steal  the  bread  out 
of  their  mouths."  His  representations  had  eventually  such  an  effect  on 
the  puplic  mind,  that  a  conspiracy  was  formed  against  the  commissary- 
general  among  several  of  the  colonists,  who  drew  up  a  strong  protest 


nounced  Van  Curler  in  the  most  vehement  terms.  Some  proposed  driving 
him  from  the  colonie  as  a  rogue;  others,  more  vindictive  and  turbulent, 
insisted  on  taking  his  life.  These  threats,  fortunately  for  the  character 
of  the  settlers,  were  not  followed  up  by  any  overt  act.  Van  der  Donck 
professed,  all  the  while,  an  honest  desire  to  second  the  wishes  of  the 
constituted  authorities.  But  when  the  time  for  testing  his  sincerity 
arrived,  he  was  found  wanting  in  the  fulfilment  of  his  promise. 

It  became  apparent  now  from  the  ill-feeling  which  existed  between 
Sheriff  van  der  Donck  and  the  other  functionaries  in  the  colonie,  and 
which  had  already  caused  in  two  instances  an  exchange  of  blows,  that 

18 


196  Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck. 

the  former  could  not  comfortably  prolong  his  stay  in  Rensselaerswyck, 
or  hold  his  office,  very  agreeably,  much  longer.  He  determined,  indeed, 
to  return  to  Holland  in  the  course  of  the  next  year,  as  he  was  desirous 
to  become  a  patroon  himself,  with  which  view  he  proceeded,  with  several 
colonists,  to  Katskill,  to  purchase  the  lands  there  from  the  Indians,  for 
the  erection  of  an  independent  colonie.  But  the  moment  the  patroon 
of  Rensselaerswyck  received  intelligence  of  this  "dishonest,"  move  on 
the  part  of  "his  sworn  officer,"  he  immediately  forwarded  instructions 
to  Van  Curler,  couched  in  the  following  stringent  terms  : — 

"The  Patroon  of  the  Colonie  of  Rensselaerswyck  having,  on  the  sixth 
of  this  month,  given  a  Commission  toPieter  Wyncoop,  commis.  onboard 
his  ship,  to  purchase  for  a  reasonable  price  from  the  natural  owners  and 
inhabitants,  and  from  their  chiefs,  their  lands  lying  about  Katskill,  in 
consequence  of  certain  information  which  he  had  that  Adriaen  van  der 
Donck,  his  sworn  officer,  dishonestly  designed  to  purchase  for  him  and 
his,  to  the  prejudice  of  him,  the  patroon,  his  lord  and  master,  the  said 
lands,  lying  under  the  shadow  of  his  colonie.  Therefore  he,  by  virtue 
of  the  sixth  and  twenty-sixth  articles  of  his  freedoms  and  exemptions^ 
doth  claim  that  no  person  shall,  against  his  will,  approach  within  seven 
or  eight  miles  of  him ;  also,  that  he  hath  power  to  enlarge  his  colonie, 
on  condition  of  planting  a  proportionate  number  of  colonists  there,  which 
number  was,  even  by  this  vessel,  so  increased  that  he  hath  already  in- 
cluded the  same,  from  Ransselaers-Stein  down  to  Katskill,  remaining  on 
the  same  side,  within  his  resort.  And,  further,  having  obtained  certain 
information  that  such  is,  indeed,  also  true,  the  commissary-general, 
Arendt  van  Curler,  together  with  the  aforesaid  Pieter  Wyncoop,  are  charg- 
ed not  to  inquire  of  the  above-named  Van  der  Donck  if  it  be  true,  (inasmuch 
as  the  patroon  hath  by  him  sufficient  proof  thereof, )  but  him  to  constrain, 
should  he  have  done  so,  to  desist,  de  facto,  therefrom,  and  to  cede  and 
to  make  over  to  him,  the  patroon,  all  whatsoever  he  hath  acquired,  con- 
formably to  his  oath,  having  sworn  to  be  true  and  faithful  specially  to 
him,  his  injury  to  prevent  and  his  advantage  to  promote,  both  which  in 
this  matter  have  not  happened ;  and  in  case  the  said  purchase  be  not  yet 
effected,  that  he,  in  presence  of  the  commissaries  and  council  of  the  co- 
lonie, do  promise,  under  oath,  not  to  proceed  therewith,  but  to  respect 
him  the  patroon,  and  to  afford  to  his  (agents)  all  favor  and  help,  that 
they  may  be  allowed  to  make  the  aforesaid  purchase  to  the  best  advan- 
tage ;  and  should  he  refuse  the  one,  or  the  other,  to  secure  his  person, 
inasmuch  as  he  also  endeavored,  per  fas  et  nefas,  (met  minne  ofte  on- 
minne.)  to  return  home  in  case  the  patroon  should  not  consent  to  dis- 
charge him  •,  and  inasmuch  as  the  lease  of  his  bouwerie,  which  he  hath 
taken  and  agreed  for  in  person  with  the  patroon,  hath  still  long  to  run, 
which  he  can  not  set  aside  without  consent,  but  shall  be  bound  to  keep 
during  that  time.  And  in  witness  of  the  truth  hath  the  Patroon  subscri- 
bed these  with  his  hand,  and  sealed  them  with  his  and  the  colonie'sseal, 
in  Amsterdam,  this  10th  September,  1643 

KJLIAEN  VAN  RENSSELAER, 

[Seal]  "Patroon  of  the  Colonie  of  Rensselaerswyck: 

''In  case  Van  der  Donck  should  prove  obstinate,  he  shall  be  degraded 


Colony  of  Remselaerswyck.  197 

from  his  office,  and  left  on  his  bouwerie  to  complete  his  contracted  lease, 
without  allowing  him  to  depart,  and  his  office  shall  be  conferred,  provi- 
sionally, on  Nicolaus  Coorn,  till  further  orders,  divesting  him  of  all  pa- 
pers appertaining  to  his  charge.  But  if  he  will  desist,  then  his  office, 
and  his  bouwerie,  shall  he  be  allowed  to  hold.  Actum  as  above. 
"KILIA.EN  VAN  RBNSSKLAER, 

"in  quality  as  herein  above  stated." 

This  order,  which  had  the  effect  of  arresting  Vander  Donck's  intended 
colonie  at  Katskill,  was  conveyed  to  New  Netherland  by  the  patroon's 
ship,  The  Arms  of  Rensselaerswyck,  which  was  dispatched  with  an 
assorted  invoice  of  merchandise,  consisting  of  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton 
goods,  ready-made  clothing,  silks,  glass,  crockery,  leather,  fruit,  cheese, 
spices,  brandy,  gin,  wines,  cordials,  tobacco-pipes,  nets,  looking  glasses, 
beads,  axes,  adzes,  razors,  knives,  scissors,  bells,  nails,  spoons,  kettles, 
thimbles,  pins,  needles,  threads,  rings,  shoes,  stockings,  gloves,  combs, 
buttons,  muskets,  pistols,  swords,  shot,  lead,  canvass,  pitch  and  tar, 
candles,  stationery,  and  various  other  commodities,  valued  at  twelve 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy  guilders,  to  be  bartered  with  the  In- 
dians and  other  inhabitants  of  the  country  for  tobacco,  furs,  and  other 
produce.  To  ensure  entire  success  for  this  venture,  the  skipper,  super- 
cargo, and  pilot  of  the  ship  were  allowed  a  direct  pecuniary  interest  in 
the  proceeds  of  the  voyage. 

The  system  of  licenses  introduced  by  the  patroon,  and  the  profits  which 
resulted,  had  already  incited  a  number  of  private  individuals  to  embark 
in  the  fur-trade.  As  a  consequence,  this  staple  was  altogether  taken  out 
of  the  hands  both  of  the  patroon's  and  the  company's  servants,  who  could 
purchase  scarcely  a  skin,  while  private  traders  exported  thousands  of 
peltries.  A  number  of  unlicensed  traders  now  resorted  to  the  colonie, 
who  drew  the  Indians  away  into  "secret  trading  places,"  where,  by  means 
of  higher  prices,  they  got  possession  of  the  most  valuable  furs,  "not 
caring  whether  or  not  the  trade  was  so  injured  as  to  render  the  patroon 
unable  to  meet  the  expenses  of  his  colonie."  Having  thus  "debauched" 
the  savages,  these  interlopers  succeeded  next,  by  means  of  "wine  and 
strong  drink,  which  they  sold  at  an  usurious  rate,"  in  "perverting"  many 
of  the  colonists,  from  whom  they  got,  not  only  peltries,  but  even  large 
quantities  of  grain,  which  the  farmers  disposed  of  without  either  respect- 
ing the  Patoon's  pre-emption  right,  or  paying  the  tenths,  or  accounting 
for  the  halves  or  thirds  which  they  were  bound  by  lease  to  pay. 

To  arrest  these  illicit  proceedings,  the  patroon  adopted  two  measures 
which  would,  he  expected,  put  a  stop  to  the  injuries  which  his  interests 
were  sustaining  from  the  competition  that  was  then  exhausting  and  im- 
poverishing his  colonie.  One  of  these  was  the  erection  of  a  fortified  post 
and  trading. house  at  Beeren,  or  Bear's  Island,  the  southern  boundary  of 
his  estate,  which,  by  commanding  the  channel  of  the  river,  would  ex- 
clude all  vessels,  but  his  own  and  those  of  the  West  India  Company,  from 
the  upper  waters  of  the  Hudson.  The  other  was,  to  send  out  a  stock  of 
goods  sufficient  to  supply,  through  his  establishments  at  Beverswyckand 
Beeren  Island,  the  Mohawks  and  river  Indians,  and  all  the  neighboring 
settlers,  with  whatever  they  may  require  in  barter  for  their  produce, 


198  Colony  of  Rensselaersicyck. 

whether  furs  or  corn.  It  was  with  a  view  to  carry  out  the  latter  part 
of  this  project,  that  the  Arms  of  Rensselaerswyck  now  sailed  with 
the  ahove-mentioned  valuable  cargo. 

She  arrived  at  the  Manhattans  while  the  war  with  the  Indians  was  at 
its  height,  and  at  the  moment  when  Kieft  was  sorely  distressed  for  clo- 
thing for  the  troops  which  he  had  enlisted.  A  requisition  was  imme- 
diately made  on  Pieter  Wyncoop,  the  supercargo  of  the  ship,  for  a  supply 
of  fifty  pairs  of  shoes  to  he  distributed  among  the  soldiers,  payment  for 
which  was  offered  uin  silver,  beavers,  or  wampum,"  at  such  price  as  the 
supercargo  might  demand.  But  Wyncoop,  perceiving  that  he  could  sell 
these  goods  to  more  advantage  to  the  inhabitants  than  to  the  director, 
injudiciously  refused  to  comply  with  this  requisition.  A  forced  levy  was 
the  result,  and  as  many  soldiers  were  equipped  with  shoes  from  the  ship, 
as  ukilled  five  hundred  of  the  enemy."  The  evil  consequences  of  Wyn- 
coop's  refusal  did  not  stop  here.  The  ship  was  immediately  overhauled 
by  authority  of  the  director  and  council,  and  a  considerable  quantity  of 
powder  and  a  number  of  guns  found  on  board,  which  were  not  enumerated 
in  the  manifest,  and  which  Wyncoop  was  charged  with  intending  to  sell 
to  the  savages.  These  articles  having  been  made  contraband  by  law, 
and  their  introduction  forbidden  on  pain  of  death,  were,  together  with 
the  ship,  forthwith  confiscated. 

Wyncoop  now  too  late,  perceived  the  error  into  which  either  his  in- 
structions or  his  covetousness  had  plunged  him.  In  the  hope,  however, 
of  retrieving  his  loss,  he  instituted  an  action  against  Cornells  Van  der 
Huygens,  the  Fiscaal  at  Fort  Amsterdam,  against  whom  he  protested, 
in  strong  terms,  for  having  unloaded  his  ship,  which  proceeding  he  pro- 
nounced an  insult,  a  reproach,  and  a  wrong  inflicted  on  the  honorable 
patroon,  "the  first  and  oldest  patriot  of  the  land,"  and  for  which  aggres- 
sion he  now  demanded  redress  from  the  director-general  and  council.  It 
was  much  fitter  for  the  fiscal,  he  added,  to  discharge  and  to  confiscate 
such  ships  as  came  and  traded  hither  without  any  commission,  and  there- 
by brought  contempt  on  the  country  and  its  government,  than  to  affront 
a  patroon  who  hazarded  so  much  for  his  colonists  and  New  Netherland, 
He  finally  maintained  that  the  powder  which  he  had  on  board  was  for  the 
ship's  use,  and  for  the  defence  of  Rensselaers-Stein,  or  Castle  Rensse- 
laer,  as  the  fortification  on  Beeren  Island  was  called.  This  plea  profited 
nothing.  The  powder  was  not  mentioned  in  the  manifest,  and  the  ex- 
planation which  was  offered  was  merely  used  as  ua  cloak"  to  cover  the 
real  design.  "It  is  far  from  us,"  concluded  the  attorney-general,"  to 
insult  the  patroon.  On  the  contrary,  we  are  willing  to  aid  him  in  pro- 
moting the  welfare  of  his  colonie.  But  it  is  you  who  are  endeavoring  to 
frustrate  his  noble  plans,  by  associating  exclusively  with  private  traders, 
and  striving  to  take  them  with  you  to  the  colonie  in  direct  opposition  to 
the  commands  of  the  patroon,  who  hath  sent  out  this  ship  to  keep  free 
traders  from  that  place.  If  your  conduct  is  just,  free  merchants  cannot 
be  prevented  trading  thither,  and  they  will  be  justified  in  so  doing.  I 
deny  that  any  damage  whatever  has  been  done.  Are  you  of  a  contrary 
opinion?  Cite  me  before  any  court  of  justice,  whenever  you  please." 


Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck,  199 

Arendt  van  Curler,  finding  that  no  satisfactory  issue  was  to  be  ex- 
pected from  this  litigation,  finally  proposed  that  the  ship  should  be  re- 
leased, and  the  whole  case  referred  to  the  Directors  in  Holland  for  their 
decision.  As  the  vessel  was  suffering  considerable  injury  from  detention, 
this  proposal  was  acceded  to,  "so  that  the  patroon  should  have  no  reason 
to  complain-,"  on  the  express  condition,  however,  that  no  goods  should 
be  landed  from  the  vessel  until  permission  was  obtained  from  the  com- 
pany, and  that  such  articles  as  were  already  seized  by  the  attorney-gene- 
ral should  remain  confiscated,  as  they  had  not  been  included  in  the  invoice. 
The  vessel  sailed  soon  after  for  Holland,  whither  Van  Curler  also  pro- 
ceeded to  give  an  account  of  his  stewardship. 

In  the  mean  time  Nicolaus  Coorn,  "Wacht  Meester,"  or  commander 
in  the  service  of  the  patroon,  had  completed  his  fort  on  Beeren  Island. 
on  which  he  mounted  a  number  of  cannon,  sufficient  not  only  for  its  de- 
fence, but  for  the  complete  command  of  the  river.  A  claim  to  "staple 
right"  was  then  boldly  set  up ;  a  toll  of  five  guilders,  or  two  dollars, 
imposed  on  every  trading-craft  passing  up  or  down,  which  were  also 
obliged  to  lower  their  colors  in  honor  of  Rensselaers-Stein.  And  thus  a 
sovereign  jurisdiction  was  asserted  over  this  navigable  highway  against 
all  persons,  save  and  except  the  servants  of  the  West  India  Company. 

It  was  in  the  summer  of  1644,  that  the  yacht  the  Good  Hope,  of  which 
Govert  Lookermans  was  master,  sailed  from  Fort  Orange  for  New  Am- 
sterdam. Passing  Beeren  Island,  the  craft  was  hailed,  and  peremptorily 
ordered  "to  lower  bis  colors."  On  being  asked  for  whom,  the  commander 
replied,  "For  the  staple  right  of  Rensselaerswyck."  But  the  skipper  re- 
fused, with  an  oath,  to  strike  his  flag  "for  any  individual  save  the  Prince 
of  Orange  and  the  Lords  his  masters-,"  whereupon  Coorn  fired  several 
shots  at  the  vessel,  one  of  which,  says  the  record,  "perforated  our 
princely  flag,"  about  a  foot  above  the  head  of  the  skipper,  "who  kept 
the  colors  constantly  in  his  hand." 

Such  an  outrage  as  this  could  not  fail  to  create  excitement  at  New  Am- 
sterdam, when  the  particulars  became  known.  Philip  de  Truy,  "marshal 
of  New  Netherland,"  summoned  Coorn  to  appear  immediately  at  the  Fort 
to  answer  for  his  conduct.  The  latter  pleaded  the  authority  of  his  pa- 
troon. But  this  was  considered  no  justification.  He  was  condemned  in 
damages,  and  forbidden  to  repeat  the  offence  on  pain  of  corporal  punish- 
ment. He  was  further  required  to  obtain  Van  Rensselaer's  approval  of 
the  sentence,  which  should  be  executed  on  him  without  fail,  if  that  ap- 
proval were  not  forthcoming.  This  proceeding  was  followed  soon  after 
by  a  strong  protest  from  attorney-general  Van  der  Huygens,  against  the 
establishment  on  Beeren  Island,  which  was  declared  to  be  inconsistent 
with  the  privileges  granted  to  patroons  and  lords  of  manors.  No  patroon, 
it  was  maintained,  could  extend  his  colony,  by  the  fifth  article  of  the 
charter,  more  than  four  miles  along  one  bank,  or  two  miles  on  both  sides 
of  the  river,  while  Beeren  Island  was  more  than  two  miles  from  the  lim- 
its of  the  colonie.  The  bold  attempt  to  construct  a  fort  there,  to  com- 
mand the  river,  and  to  debar  Fort  Orange  from  free  navigation,  would, 
it  was  added,  be  ruinous  to  the  company,  it  was  therefore  peremptorily 
ordered  that  no  building  whatsoever,  much  less  a  fortification,  should  be 


200  Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck. 

constructed  beyond  the  limits  of  Rensselaerswyck,  and  Coorn  was  formally 
threatened  with  further  prosecution  should  he  persist  in  his  lawless  trans- 
actions. 

But  Nicolaus  Coorn,  commander  of  Rensselaers-Stein,  was  not  to  be 
intimidated  by  the  paper  bullets  of  director  Kieft's  attorney-general. 
"As  the  vice  commander  of  the  honorable  Van  Rensselaer,he  replied,  .*-'  I 
call  on  you,  Cornells  van  der  Huygens,  attorney-general  of  New  Netherland, 
not  to  presume  to  oppose  and  frustrate  my  designs  on  Bears  Island:  to  de- 
fraud me  in  any  manner,  or  to  cause  me  any  trouble,  as  it  has  been  the  will 
of  their  High  Mightinesses,  the  States  General,  and  the  privileged  West 
India  Company,  to  invest  my  patroon  and  his  heir  with  the  right  to  ex- 
tend and  fortify  his  colonie,  and  make  it  powerful  in  every  respect.  .  . 
If  you  persist  in  so  doing 1  protest  against  the  act  of  vio- 
lence and  assault  committed  by  the  honorable,  Lords  majors,  which  I 
leave  them  to  settle,  while  this  undertaking  has  nothing  else  in  view 
than  to  prevent  the  canker  of  free  traders  entering  his  colonie. 

In  the  spirit  in  which  this  protest  was  drafted,  were  the  feudal  pre- 
tensions of  the  lord  of  Rensselaerswyck  asserted  and  maintained,  not- 
withstanding the  conviction  of  Coorn  and  the  warning  of  Van  der  Huy- 
gens, during  the  remainder  of  the  patroon's  life.  The  same  policy  was 
steadily  continued  by  his  executors  for  several  years  after  his  death, 
which  event  took  place  in  Amsterdam,  in  the  year  1646. 

With  the  demise  of  the  first  patroon  terminated,  also,  Van  der  Donck's 
connection  with  the  colonie.  He  was  succeeded  in  his  office  of  fiscaal 
by  Nicolaus  Coorn.  He  did  not,  however,  quit  Rensselaerswyck  before 
experiencing  a  heavy  loss  in  the  destruction  of  his  house  on  Castle  Island 
by  fire,  in  consequence  of  which  he  and  his  wife  temporarily  removed  to 
Van  Curler's  residence,  the  hospitalities  of  which  were  generously  offered 
to  him  by  its  proprietor.  Differences  of  opinion  now  arose  between  him 
and  Van  Curler,  as  to  the  party  on  whom  the  loss  of  the  house  should 
fall;  one  maintaining  that  the  property  was  at  the  risk  of  the  patroon ; 
the  other,  of  the  lessee.  A  quarrel  ensued.  Van  der  Donck  gave  Van 
Curler  the  lie,  whereupon  the  latter  ordered  him  out  of  his  house.  Van 
der  Donck  removed  immediately  to  Fort  Orange,  where  he  remained 
until  the  opening  of  the  navigation,  when  he  proceeded  to  the  Manhat- 
tans. In  the  mean  time,  his  claims  were  referred  for  adjustment  to  the 
proprietors  in  Holland. 

The  winter  which  had  just  terminated,  was  remarkably  long  and  se- 
vere. The  North  River  closed  at  Rensselaerswyck  on  the  25th  Novem- 
ber, and  remained  fro/en  some  four  months.  A  very  high  freshet,  une- 
qualled since  1639,  followed,  which  destroyed  a  number  of  horses  in  their 
stables;  nearly  carried  away  the  fort,  and  inflicted  considerable  other 
damage  in  the  colome.  "A  certain  fish  of  considerable  size,  snow-white 
in  color,  round  in  the  body,  and  blowing  water  out  of  its  head,"  made  at 
the  same  time  his  appearance,  stemming  the  impetuous  flood.  What  it 
portended,  "God  the  Lord  only  knew."  All  the  inhabitants  were  lost  in 
wonder,  for  "at  the  same  instant  that  this  fish  appeared  to  us,  we  had 
the  first  thunder  and  lightning  this  year."  The  public  astonishment 
had  scarcely  subsided,  when  another  monster  of  the  deep,  estimated  at 


Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck.  201 

forty  feet  in  length,  was  seen,  of  a  brown  color,  having  fins  on  his  back, 
and  ejecting  water  in  like  manner,  high  in  the  air.  Some  seafaring 
people,  "who  had  been  to  Greenland,"  now  pronounced  the  strange  visiter 
a  whale.  Intelligence  was  shortly  after  received  that  it  had  grounded  on 
an  island  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mohawk,  and  the  people  turned  out  in 
numbers  to  secure  the  prize,  which  was,  forthwith,  subjected  to  the  pro- 
cess of  roasting,  in  order  to  extract  its  oil.  Though  large  quantities  were 
obtained,  yet  so  great  was  the  mass  of  blubber,  the  river  was  covered 
with  grease  for  three  weeks  afterwards,  and  the  air  infected  to  such  a 
degree  with  the  stench,  as  the  fish  lay  rotting  on  the  strand,  that  the 
smell  was  perceptibly  offensive  for  two  (Dutch)  miles  to  leeward.  The 
whale,  which  had  first  ascended  the  river,  stranded,  on  its  return  to  sea, 
on  an  island  some  forty  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river,  near  which 
place  four  others  grounded,  also,  this  year. 

The  greater  number  of  the  houses  around  forts  Amsterdam  and  Orange 
were,  in  those  days,  low-sized  wooden  buildings,  with  roofs  of  reed  or 
straw,  and  chimneys  of  wood.  Wind  or  water  mills  were  erected,  here 
and  there,  to  grind  corn,  or  to  saw  lumber.  One  of  the  latter,  situate 
on  Nut  or  Governor's  islanJ,  was  leased  in  1639  for  five  hundred  mer- 
chantable boards  yearly,  half  oak  and  half  pine.  Saw  and  grist  mills 
were  built  on  several  of  the  creeks  in  the  colonie  of  Rensselaerswyck, 
where  a  horse  mill  was  also  erected  in  104(3,  of  which  the  following  is  a  Con- 
tract, dated  Jan.  31  uThe  mill  situate  on  the  fifth  kill  being,  to  the  great 
damage  of  the  patroon.  and  inhabitants  of  the  colonie,  [Rensselaerswyck,] 
for  a  considerable  time  out  of  repair,  or  unfit  to  be  worked,  either  by  the 
breaking  of  the  dam,  the  severity  of  the  winter,  or  the  high  water,  or 
otherwise;  besides  being  out  of  the  way,  to  the  prejudice  of  the  inhabi- 
tants in  going  and  returning,  a  contract,  af;er  being  duly  pioposed  to 
the  court,  is,  therefore,  made  with  Pieter  Cornelissen  to  build  a  horse- 
mill  in  the  Pine  grove,  whereby  not  only  the  colonie,  but  also,  if  so  be, 
the  navigators  who  come  hither,  maybe  encouraged  to  provide  themselves 
with  other  things.  Pieter  Cornelisz.  shall  complete  the  work  for  fl.  300, 
($  120.)  I  furnishing  him  fl.  200  in  stones,  two  good  horses,  the  expense 
of  which  is  to  be  divided  between  us,  half  and  half.  The  standing  work, 
plank,  labor,  and  other  expenses,  we  shall  defray  in  common,  bearing, 
each,  equal  profit  and  loss.  On  the  completion  of  the  mill,  and  on  its 
being  ready  to  go,  Pieter  Cornelissen  shall  work  one  day  for  himself  and 
the  other  day  for  the  patroon,  and  so  forth;  the  patroon  paying  him  one 
Rix  dollar  for  his  day.  Should  it  happen,  as  we  expect,  that  so  great 
a  demand  shall  arise,  so  that  the  mill  will  not  supply  all  the  colonie  or 
strangers,  (buytenwoonders,)  then  P.  Cornelisz.  is  alone  authorized  and 
privileged  to  erect,  in  company  with  the  patroon,  another  such  mill,  on 
These  or  such  other  conditions  as  are  now,  or  shall  hereafter  be  agreed  on. 
Signed,  ANTHONY  BE  HOOGKS,  PTETER  CORNELISSEN," — Rensselaers- 
wyck MSS.)  A  mill  worked  by  horses  stood,  in  the  course  of  the  last  cen- 
tury, as  I  am  informed  by  an  aged  citizen,  on  the  lot  forming  the  northeast 
corner  of  Hudson  and  Grand  streets,  Albany.  There  was  a  mill  also  on 
the  3d  or  Rutten  kill,  in  1G4G. 


202  Colony  of  Rensselaerswyck. 

A  Brewery  had  been  constructed  previous  to  1637,  in  the  same  quarter, 
by  the  patroon,  with  the  exclusive  right  of  supplying  retail-dealers  with 
beer.  But  private  individuals  were  allowed  the  privilege,  notwith- 
standing, to  brew  whatever  quantity  of  beer  they  might  require  for  con- 
surrption  within  their  own  families.* 

Rensselaerswyck  was  the  only  colonie  which  remained  uninjured 
by  the  war.  As  a  consequence  its  population  generally  prospered,  and 
sundry  farms  were  taken  up,  Beverswyck  continued,  however,  in  swad- 
ding  clothes,  for  the  city  which  in  1845  holds  over  forty  thousand  in- 
habitants, contained  in  1646  no  more  than  ten  houses.  Several  farmers 
had  at  an  early  date  begun  another  settlement  south  of  Beverswyck,  to 
which  they  gave  the  name  of  Bethlehem.  A  few  bouweries  were  also 
cultivated  on  the  east  side  of  the  river  opposite  Fort  Orange.  Katskill 
and  its  fertile  bottoms  had  engaged  at  an  early  date  the  attention  of  the 
settlers  at  Rensselaerswyck,  but  the  pretensions  of  opposite  parties  pre- 
Vented  any  planting  of  consequence  in  that  quarter,  and  Van  Slyck,  who 
had  received  a  patent  for  lands  there,  had  as  yet  made  no  commencement. 
The  country  between  Rensselaerswyck  and  the  Manhattans,  on  both  sides 
of  the  river,  still  remained  a  wilderness.  It  is  true  that  the  Dutch  had 
built  a  fort  at  Esopus,  in  the  year  1614,  contemporaneously  with  the 
erection  of  their  post  on  Castle  island.  This  possibly  might  have  been 
followed  by  the  clearing  of  some  small  portions  of  land  in  that  vicinity, 
but  it  is  very  doubtful  whether  any  such  settlements  survived  the  destruc- 
tive war  of  1644-5. 

Such  was  the  state  of  the  public  affairs  when  General  PETETIS  STTJY- 
VESANT  assumed  the  government  of  New  Netherland, 

*  26  Dec.  1646  Whereas  their  Honors  of  the  Couit  of  this  Colonie  find  that  Cornells 
Segersz.  notwithstanding  former  placards  and  prohibitions,  has  still  presumed  to  meddle 
with  what  is  not  his  business — with  beer  brewing — directly  contrary  to  the  grant  and  au, 
therizaiimi  given  to  ihe  brewery  of  this  colonie ;  Theref  re  their  honors  expressly  forbid 
the  said  Cornelia  Segersz.  to  brew,  or  cause  to  be  brewed,  or  o'herwise  to  manufacture 
any  beer,  except  so  much  as  shall  be  required  by  him  for  his  own  housekeeping,  on 
pain  of  forfeiting  twenty  five  Carolus  guilders,  besides  tie  brewed  beer.  The  said  Cornell* 
Segrrsz,  is  further  warned  that  no  cloak,  or  idle  excuse  shall  hereafter  avail,  but  that 
this  ordinance  shall  be  maintained  and  execuied  on  the  spot,  without  court  process,  if 
he  shall  make  any  mistake.  Let  him,  therefore,  prevent  his  loss.  Actum  Rensselaers, 
wyck.  26th  October  1640.  Pursuant  to  the  resolution  of  their  honors  the  magistrates  of 
this  colonie.  A.  DB  HOOQES, 


Kiliaen  Van  Rensselaer.  203 


KILIAEN  VAN  RENSSELAER, 

Merchant  of  Amsterdam,  director  of  the  West  India  Company,  and 
one  of  the  first  patroons  of  New  Netherland,  was  the  thirteenth  descendant 
in  a  direct  line  from  Henry  Wolters  van  Rensselaer.  He  married,  firstly, 
Hellegonda  van  Bylet,  by  whom  he  had  one  son.  Johannes,  who  after- 
wards married  his  cousin,  Elizabeth  van  TwiJler.  Kiliaen  van  Renssel- 
aer married,  secondly,  in  1627,  Anna  van  Wely,  daughter  of  Joannes  van 
Wely,  merchant  of  Amsterdam,  by  whom  he  had  four  daughters  and  four 
sons,  namely:  1,  Maria;  2,  Jeremias,  (who  married  Maria,  daughter  of 
Oloff  Stevensen  van  Cortland;)  3,  Hellegonda;  4,  Jan  Baptiste,  (who 
married  Susan  van  Wely;)  5,  Eleonora;  6,  Susan,  (who  married  Jan  de 
la  Court;)  7,  Nicolaus,  (who  married  Alida  Schuyler;)  8,  Rickert,  (who 
married  Anna  van  Beaumont;)  Kiliaen  van  Rensselaer's  sister  (Maria) 
married  Rykert  van  Twiller,  and  thus,  it  is  presumed,  the  relationship 
originated  between  Wouter  van  Twiller,  second  director-general  of  New 
Netherland,  and  the  first  patroon  of  Rensselaerswyck.  Of  the  above 
children,  Maria  and  Hellegonda  died  unmarried.  Johannes  succeeded 
his  father  as  patroon,  and  Jeremias,  Jan  Baptiste  and  Ryckert  were,  in 
succession,  directors  of  "the  colonie."  Nicolaus  was  a  clergyman  of  the 
Dutch  Reformed  Church.  On  being  introduced  to  Charles  II.,  then  in 
exile  at  Brussels,  he  prophesied  the  restoration  'of  that  monarch  to  the 
throne  of  England,  which  circumstance  obtained  for  him  afterwards  a 
cordial  reception  at  the  Court  of  St.  James,  when  he  visited  London  as 
chaplain  to  the  Dutch  embassy.  In  acknowledgment  of  the  truth  of  the 
prediction,  the  king  presented  him  with  a  snufF-box,  on  the  lid  of  which 
was  set  his  Majesty's  miniature.  This  royal  relic  is  still  in  the  possession 
of  the  Van  Rensselaer  family  at  Albany. 

Mde.  Anna  van  Rensselaer  died  in  Amsterdam  on  the  12th  June,  1670, 
after  a  sickness  of  seven  weeks,  having  survived  her  husband  twenty- 
four  years.  Intelligence  of  her  death,  communicated  by  the  following 
letter,  was  received  in  this  country  by  her  sons,  Jeremias  and  Ryckert, 
on  the  18th  Sept.,  1670: 

"AMSTERDAM,  12th  June,  1670. 

"Dear  Brothers — On  the  9th  inst.  I  communicated  to  you,  among  other 
things,  per  ship  Duke  of  York,  Johannes  Luyck,  skipper,  the  low  con- 
dition of  our  beloved  mother,  who  accompanied  me  home,  sick,  from  Cralo 
to  Amsterdam,  on  the  1st  of  April.  After  lying  so  long,  without  any 
strong  fever,  or  any  great  pain,  troubled  only  with  asthma,  accompanied 
by  considerable  cough  and  phlegm,  and  the  sprue,  she  took  her  departure 
with  great  piety  from  the  Church  Militant  here,  to  the  Church  Triumphant 
above,  on  the  12th  inst.,  being  this  day,  about  one  hour  after  noon,  in 
the  presence  of  all  our  sisters  and  brothers  who  are  in  this  country,  and 
that  with  a  full  understanding  and  trust  in  the  mercy  of  God,  the  merits 
of  her  and  our  Saviour  Jesus  Christ,  which,  through  the  grace  of  the 
Holy  Ghost  and  the  belief  in  the  Triune  God,  so  strenghtened  her,  that 
all  her  wishes  were  to  be  set  free  and  to  be  with  Christ,  who  hath  taken 
her  so  mercifully  to  himself,  that  we  all,  though  afflicted  children, 


204  Executors  of  Jeremias  Van  Rensselaer. 

can  not  be  sufficiently  thankful  to  God  for  so  gentle  and  holy  a  death.  Her 
body  will  be  committed  to  the  earth  in  a  Christian  manner,  as  in  duty 
bound,  on  Tuesday  next,  being  the  17th  inst.  There  is  no  doubt  of  a 
stately  funeral.  May  the  good  God  grant  her,  and  us  with  her,  a  joyous 
resurrection  at  the  last  day.  Amen." — O'Callgharfs  Histr.  N.  Netherland, 


EXECUTORS  OF  JEREMIAS  VAN  RENSSELAER. 
On  the  death  of  Jeremias  van  Rensselaer,  in  1675,  the  affairs  of  the 
colonie  of  Rensselaerswyck  were  administered  conjointly,  during  the 
minority  of  Kiliaeri  van  Rensselaer,  (then  twelve  years  old,)  by  the  Rev. 
Nicolaus  van  Rensselaer,  Mde.  Maria  van  Rensselaer,  and  Stephanus 
van  Cortlandt.  Nicolaus  had  the  directorship  of  the  colonie  5  Mde,,  van 
Rensselaer  was  the  treasurer;  and  Stephanus  van  Cortlandt  had  the  charge 
of  the  books.  Four  hundred  schepels  of  wheat  were  appropriated  to  defray 
the  yearly  expenses  of  this  administration,  of  which  Dom.  Nicolaus 
(who  then  officiated  as  second  clergyman  in  Albany)  received  one  half. 
The  remainder  was  divided  between  Mde.  van  Rensselaer  and  her  brother. 
Dom.  Nicolaus  dying  in  1679,  the  chief  management  of  the  minor's 
affairs  devolved  on  his  mother  and  uncle. — O'Callaghan. 


SENTENCE  OF  BANISHMENT,  1644. 

The  following  is  a  translation  of  a  sentence  of  banishment  pronounced  on 
one  of  the  colonists  at  this  early  period  of  its  history.  "By  the  President 
and  Council  of  the  Colonie  of  Rensselaerswyck.  Having  heard  the  free 
confession  of  Adriaen  Willemsen,  at  present  in  confinement,  to  wit: — 
That  he  on  Saturday  last,  the  6th  of  Aug.,  at  the  house  of  the  Patroon, 
where  the  Commissary-general,  Arendt  van  Curler,  resides,  climbing  in 
through  the  window  of  said  house,  stole  seven  beavers,  and  at  noon  of  the 
following  Monday,  eight  beavers  and  one  drieling,  [third  of  a  skin],  also, 
that  on  Saturday  aforesaid  he  had  stolen  from  the  cellar  of  the  said  house 
a  half  [skin]  which  remained.  And  having,  moreover,  examined  the  de- 
mand of  the  prosecutor  against  the  aforesaid  delinquent,  observing  what 
appertains  thereto;  We  have  hereby  ordered  and  adjudged,  and  do  order 
and  adjudge,  that  the  said  delinquent  shall  be  taken  to  the  public  place 
where  justice  is  executed,  and  there  be  ignominiously  tied  to  a  post  for 
the  space  of  two  hours,  with  some  of  the  stolen  property  on  his  head; 
after  which  he  shall  prostrate  himself  at  the  feet  of  the  Worshipful  Ma- 
gistrates, (de  Edele  Heeren  van  den  Gerechte.)  and  beg  of  God  and  justice 
tor  forgiveness;  that  he,  moreover,  shall  be  henceforward,  and  forever, 
banished  out  of  this  colonie,  and  never  more  return  thereto.  Done  in 
Collegio,  this  13th  day  of  August,  anno  1644.  By  order  of  their  worships 
the  President  and  Council  of  this  Colonie  of  Rensselaerswyck.  ARENDT 
VAN  CviUB.*1 — O'Callaghan's  Histr.  N.  Netherland,  t,  320. 


Arent  Van  Curler.  205 


ARENT  VAN  CURLER. 

Arent  van  Curler  was  one  of  those  characters  who  deserve  to  live  in 
history.  His  influence  among  the  Indians  was  unlimited,  and  in  honor 
of  his  memory,  these  tribes  addressed  all  succeeding  governors  of  New 
York  by  the  name  of  Corlaer.  He  possessed  feelings  of  the  purest 
humanity,  and  actively  exerted  his  influence  in  rescuing  from  the  savages 
such  Christians  as  had  the  misfortune  to  fall  into  their  hands,  of  whose 
danger  he  might  receive  timely  notice.  On  his  marriage  with  Antonia 
Slaghboom,  the  widow  of  Jonas  Bronck,  he  visited  Holland,  and  on  his 
return  moved  to  the  Flatts  above  Albany,  where  he  had  a  farm.  He  was 
proprietor  of  a  brewery  in  Beverwyck,  in  1661.  Being  a  cousin  of  the 
Van  Rensselaers,  he  had  considerable  influence  in  the  colonie,  where  he 
was  a  magistrate  to  the  time  of  his  decease.  He  was  one  of  the  leaders 
in  the  settlement  of  Schenectady  in  1661 -2-,  and  on  the  surrender  of  New 
Netherland,  was  specially  sent  for  by  Governor  Nicoll,  to  be  consulted 
on  Indian  affairs  and  the  interests  of  the  country  generally.  He  was 
highly  respected  by  the  governors  of  Canada,  and  the  regard  entertained 
for  him  by  M.  de  Tracy,  viceroy  of  that  country,  will  be  best  judged  of 
by  the  following  extract  of  a  letter  which  that  high  personage  addressed 
him,  dated  Quebec,  30th  April,  1667: — 

"If  you  find  it  agreeable  to  come  hither  this  summer,  as  you  have 
caused  me  to  hope,  you  will  be  most  welcome,  and  entertained  to  the 
utmost  of  my  ability,  as  I  have  a  great  esteem  for  you,  though  I  have 
not  a  personal  acquaintance  with  you.  Believe  this  truth,  and  that  lam, 
sir,  your  affectionate  and  assured  servant.  TJKACY" 

Having  accepted  this  invitation,  Mr.  Van  Curler  prepared  for  his 
journey.  Gov.  Nicoll  furnished  him  with  a  letter  to  the  viceroy.  It 
bears  date  May  20th,  1667,  and  states  that  "Moiis'r  Curler  hath  been 
importuned  by  divers  of  his  friends  at  Quebec  to  give  them  a  visit,  and 
being  ambitious  to  kiss  your  hands,  he  hath  entreated  my  pass  and  lib- 
erty to  conduct  a  young  gentleman,  M.  Fontaine,  who  unfortunately  fell 
into  the  barbarous  hands  of  his  enemies,  and  by  means  of  Mons'r  Curler 
obtained  his  liberty."  On  the  4th  July  following,  Jeremias  van  Rensse- 
laer,  writing  to  Holland,  announces,  that  "our  cousin  Arendt  van  Curler 
proceeds  overland  to  Canada,  having  obtained  leave  from  our  general, 
and  been  invited  thither  by  the  viceroy,  M.  de  Tracy."  In  an  evil  hour 
he  embarked  on  board  a  frail  canoe  to  cross  Lake  Champlain,  and  having 
been  overtaken  by  a  storm,  was  drowned,  I  believe,  near  Split-Rock. 
In  his  death  this  country  experienced  a  public  loss,  and  the  French  of 
Canada  a  warm  and  efficient  friend. —  O'Callaghan's  Histr.  N.  Nether- 
land,  t,  322. 


206  Codirectors  of  Rensselaerswyck,  1630. 


CODIRECTORS  OF  RENSSELAERSWYCK,  1630. 

The  copartnership  consisted  of  Kiliaen  van  Rensselaer,  Samuel  Godyn, 
Johannes  de  Laet,  and  Samuel  Bloemmaert,  with  whom  were  associated 
Adam  Bissels  and  Toussaint  Moussart.  The  contract,  and  the  articles 
of  agreement,  are  referred  to  in  the  judgment  of  the  Court  of  Holland, 
dated  14th  June,  1650,  in  re  Bloemmaert  at  al.  vs.  Van  Twiller  et  al., 
which  judgment  was  ratified  by  the  States  General  on  the  same  day. 
(Hoi.  Doc.  v.,  298.  Alb.  Rec.  viii.,  72,  73.  Rensselaerswyck  MSS.)  It 
has  been  maintained,  by  some,  that  there  was  no  partnership  interest  in 
the  colonie  of  Rensselaerswyck,  and  that  the  claim  of  Bloemmaert,  De 
Laet,  and  the  other  partners  was  not  allowed.  But  the  judgment  here 
referred  to  shows  that  such  an  assertion  is  contrary  to  the  fact.  The  suit 
was  decided  in  favor  of  Bloemmaert  and  his  associates,  and  the  executors 
of  the  first  patroon  were  condemned  to  account  for  the  rents  and  profits, 
and  to  pay  to  each  of  the  partners,  or  their  heirs,  their  just  quota.  The 
partnership  is,  moreover,  plainly  admitted  in  the  account  of  the  disburse- 
ments for  the  first  venture  to  Rensselaerswyck,  anno  1630,  wherein  the 
sums  advanced  by  the  other  codirectors  are  admitted  and  acknowledged. 
Ample  evidence  of  the  fact  will  be  further  found  by  reference  to  the 
Rensselaerswyck  MSS.,  and  to  Holland  Documents  vi,  303,  304,  306. 
De  Vries  also  mentions  the  circumstance.  Subsequently,  however,  Jo- 
hanna de  Laet,  widow  of  Johannes  de  Hulter,  and  who  married,  sec- 
ondly, Jeremias  Ebbing,  sold  to  the  Van  Rensselaers,  in  the  year  1674, 
all  her  right  and  claim,  as  heiress  of  Johannes  de  La'et,  to  the  colonie  of 
Rensselaerswyck,  for  the  sum  of  fl.  5,762  lOst.  or  $2,301,  which  debt 
was  discharged  by  the  transfer  to  her  of  certain  bouweries  and  lands 
which  were  deemed  an  equivalent.  This  lady  was  proprietor,  among 
other  tracts,  of  the  Weyland,  or  pasture,  lying  between  the  third  and 
fourth  kills,  now  called,  in  the  map  of  the  city  of  Albany,  Rutten  and 
Fox  creeks.  On  the  20th  of  April,  1685,  Gerrit  Bissels  and  Nicolaus  van 
Beeck,  (nomine  uxoris,)  both  representing  the  children  and  heirs  of  Adam 
Bissels  and  Margt.  Reust,  entitled  to  one  tenth  part  5  and  as  attorneys 
for  Abraham  Elsevier  (husband  of  Catharina  Bloemmaert)  and  Isbrand 
Schenk,  Constantina  Bloemmaert,  (widow  of  Isaac  Sweers,  in  his  life- 
time, vice-admiral  in  the  service  of  Holland,)  and  Juffrouw  Anna  Bloem- 
maert, (widow  of  Francois  Romayn,)  children  and  heirs  of  Samuel  Bloem- 
maert and  Catharine  Reust,  conjointly  entitled  to  one  tenth  part  of  the 
colonie  of  Rensselaerswyck,  sold,  in  Amsterdam,  to  Richard  and  Kiliaen 
van  Rensselaer,  Patroon  of  said  colonie,  their  respective  shares,  being 
two  tenths,  or  one  fifth  of  the  whole,  for  gl.  3,600,  payable  in  three  equal 
yearly  parts.  Thus  all  claims  on  the  part  of  the  original  partners,  to  any 
portion  of  the  colonie,  became  finally  extinguished ;  and  that  estate  vested 
altogether  and  exclusively  in  the  Van  Rensselaer  family. —  O'>CaUaghan!s 
Hist.  ofN.  Netherland,  i,  127. 


Business  Directory. 


209 


BUSINESS  DIRECTORY  FOR  1849. 


Artists. 

Ames  Julius  R  3  plain 
Hart  James  M  6  exchange 
Heaford  &  Scattergood  36£  s  pearl 
Forbes  E  exchange  building 

Agricultural  Implements. 

Emery  II  L  369  broadway 
Thorburn  W  cor  broad  way  &.  maiden  lane 
Apothecaries. 

(See  Drugs  and  Medicines.} 

Architects. 

Penchard  G  17  douw's  building 
Rector  Henry  S3  hudson 
Woolet  WL  IGsteuben 

Agency. 

Noonan  Thomas  cor  chapel  &  steuben 
Patterson  Josiah  63  lawrence 
Scovel  Asliley  11  douw's  building 

Auctioneers. 

Clark  &  Jones  73  stale 

Copp  N  P  47  Washington 

Homer  W  P  72  state 

Pillsbury  L  C  under  museum. 

Priest  Allendorph  &  co  cor  state  &  green 

Bakers. 

Andrews  F  16G  Washington 
Beats  L«vi  84  Beaver 
Blanchard  E  79  church 
Graves        green 
Hodge  John  665  broadway 
Honeysett  194  hamilton 
Hunter  R  36  Washington 
McCiifferty  &  Holmes  26  n  pearl 
McEntee  John  21  canal 
Paddock  Stephen  77  s  pearl 
Peden  A  Washington 
Pester  William  343  state 
Peterson  &  Clark  8(17  broadway 
Pettingill  Michael  89  beaver 
Prichard  &.  Packard  186  Washington 
Putnam  C  59  lyd i us 
Turner  John  56  hamilton 
Barbers. 

Andree  Augustus  14UJ  broadway 
Bertrand  Louis  spruce 
Bertrand  J  1  dean 
Chambers  John  exchange  basement 
Craimell  Mat  basement  franklin  house 
Crosby  J  G  1  maiden  lane 
De  Mun  E  450  broadway 
Dengel  Andrew  268£  broadway 
Freeman  &  Van  Vranken  379  broadway 
Gardner  William  48  hamilton 
Garrison  Thomas  29  s  pearl 
Garrison  Isaac  3  Catharine 
Highgate  Charles  632  broadway 
Johnson  Hiram  10T  s  pearl 
L'Arrive  John  2  green 


Leavitt  A  J  628  broadway 

Lovey  D  J  170  s  pearl 

Mitchell  Francis  cor  steuben  and  chapel 

Morgan  George  80  s  pearl 

Norris  JamesJ  10s  pearl 

Norris  Henry  B  70  Washington 

Pope  Thomas  am  eric  an  hotel 

Simoris  Jacob  27  maiden  lane 

Stratton.<fc  Peterson  798  broadway 

Switzer  Henry  276  broadway 

Tate  John  A  141  swan 

Van  Epps  F  congress  hall 

Van  Vranken  F  cor  hudson  and  dean 

Van  Vrankin  David  805  r  road  way 

Van  Vrankin  Robert  2  little  basin 

Winters  J  H  delavan  house 

Bedsteads. 

Ting  ley  ft  co  xivoli  (patroon's  creek) 
Mayes  J 

Blacksmiths. 

Boyle  John  210  s  pearl 
Caldwell  William  J  90  green 
Conkling  J  &  A  89  green 
Haight  James  O  13  church 
O'Brien  Matthew  25  Washington 
Percival  George  251  broadway 
Percival  Gordon  canal  basin 
Shaw  Luton  99  green 
Whitney  James  86  green 

Block  and  Pump-makers. 

Brainerd  E  23  quay 
Wnite  F  W  2  division 

Boarding-houses. 

Carter  Misses  140  state 
Charter  Hannah  44  hamilton 
Douglas  Mrs  26  maiden  lane 
Fitch  Misses  126  state 
Fuller  Mrs  9  montgomery 
Furnald  S  29  s  pearl 
Grant  Mrs  2  water 
Haskell  Mrs  25  Columbia 
Ilnyek  Miss  E  10  rose 
Johnson  Elizabeth  53  chapel 
Kirsinger  M  7  howarcl 
Kreuder  John  215  broadway 
Leggatt  William  44  hudson 
McNaughton  Robert  91  herkimer 
Munger  Benjamin  6  norton 
Rogers  Mrs  46  easle 
Salisbury  Henry  12  s  pearl 
Seagrave  James  13  montgomery 
Sherman  Rufus  M  47  jay 
Somerindyck  G  W  21  hudson 
Westfall  John  S  7  union 
Worth  William  E  11  beaver 
Wright  Elizabeth  29  westerlo 
Bookbinders. 
Harrison  A  L  445  broad  way 


210 


Business  Directory, 


Hoffman  &  Bender  71  state 
Seymour  &  Russ  82  state 
Steel  e  Charles  3SS  broad  way 
Van  Benthuysen  C  407  broad  way 
Warner  William  J  7  n  pearl 
Weed  Parsons  and  eo  67  slate 

Booksellers  and  Publishers. 

Bender  E  11  75  .state 
Durrie  D  S  38b  broad  way 
Henry  James  G7  state 
Hill  Aaron  78  state 
Little  &  co  53  state 
lAird  Joseph  19  philip 
Pease  E  H  *  co  82  state 

Boot  and  Shoe  Dealers. 

Dix  J  G  40 1  broad  way 
Huson  D  R  164  broad  way 
Mead  &  Wait  488  broad  \Vay 
Mitchell  J  P  390  broadway 
Osborn  J  350  broad  way 
Pittinger        lyd  ius 
Prest  J  &  D  816  broad  way 
Rankin  G  A  392  broadway 
Rnnkin  William  3!)|  Washington 
Robinson  &  Dwight  3S2  broadway 
Snell  James  410  broudway 
Tripp  J  57  Washington 
Wade  .t  Carroll  430  broadway 
Waterman  Robert  53  s  pearl 
Wilcox  W  M  &  son  6f>6  broadway 
Woolverton  G  A  356  broadway 

Boot  and  Shoe  Makers. 

Arnold  Selh  207  green 
Burton  H  34  s  pearl 
Chapman  II  E  8  s  pearl 
Dunham  Oscar  56  green 
Fossard  William  99  state 
Laig  lit  John  3v>  green 
Low  John  116  church 
Ramsay  D  D  547  broadway 
Rodgers  Sherlock  247  s  pearl 
Sayles  Alexander  90  green 
Stone  G  C  415  broadway 
Thompson  William  6  ca'nal 
Whitney  James  39  s  pearl 
Young  &  Server  520  broadway 
Bowling  Alleys. 

Cook  John  164  state 

La  Grange  John  J  21  norton 

McNab  Peter  46  jaroes 

Montross  Henry  39  Columbia 

Palmer  &  Booge  96  state 

Stryker  J  P  cor  church  and  herkimer 

Brass-founders. 
McElroy  William  63  beaver 
Maxwell  James  !Jl  s  pearl 
Orr  William  64  beaver 
Cuyler  green 

Brewers. 

Amsdell  William  -western  turnpike 
Boyd  Robert  61  iVrry 
Burt  Un  cor  rnontgomery  and  colonie 
Dunlop  28  quay 


Eggleston  Putnirm  &  co  9  dean 
Kirk  Andrew  904  broadway 
McKnight  John  95  canal 
Taylor  and  sons  S3  green 

Brickmakers. 

Bas.*ett  D  K  399  lyd  ius 
Goodrich  A  M  308  lydius 
McCall  Patrick  M  86  Swan 

Brokers. 

Evertsen  Jacob  jr  S  exchange 
Gough  Jot  n  T  15  merchants'  exchange 
Groesbeeck  brothers  13  exchange  building 
Henclrickson  John  36  state 
Kurd  J  N  M  2$  green 
Ireland  D  D  20~green 
La  Grange  Gerrit  455  broadway 
Lansing  Jacob  J  5  james 
Payne  G  R  438  broadway 
Pitman  R  II  39?|  broadway 
Rice  B  F  16£  exchange  building 
Squires  Thomas  56  quay 
Van  Vechten  Gerrit  W  28  green 
Washburn  &  co  basement  city  bank 
Wilsou  C  V  lumbermen's  exchange 

Builders. 
(See  Carpenters  and  Builders) 

Cabinet-makers. 

Alvord  E  tivoli 
Amsden  J  B  31  n  pearl 
Arts  &  Riley  97  state 
Clemshire  William  17  church 
Long  W  cor  lydius  and  green 
Mc-Guire  William  116  state 
Moseley  H  T  21  church 
Van  Loon  P  70  green 

(See  Furniture  tcarefiovses.) 

Cap-makers 
(See  Furs  and  Caps,  and  Hals,  Caps,  <!jv; ) 

Carpenters  and  Builders. 

Adams  Christopher  rear  of  state 

Allanson  Peter  1  elm 

Boardman  William  46  howard 

Borden  J  R  41  ja^ 

Bruce  and  ClemsliTre  patroon 

Cameron  W  5  grand 

Courtwriglit  E  M  cor  herkimer  and  church 

Cunningham  J  £0  bleecker 

Deforest  J  J  &  B  S  union  below  hamilton 

Hawley  Aaron  54  bleecker 

Holdridge  D  F  74  eagle 

Jarvis  J  J  cor  broadway  and  spencer 

Jones  William  patroon 

Luce  Edwin  22  franklin 

McGrath  Morris  H)  arch 

Morse  Henry  lancasler 

Morse  James  A  lancaster 

Owens  James  109  l>eaver 

SexKMi  &  Poinier  49  franklm  place 

Ward  J  C  166  lydius 

Carpetings. 

Corbiere  William  A  544  broadwoy 
K"onz  Abrarn  43  grand 
Van  Gaasbeck  John  34  green 


Carpet  Weavers. 

Koonz  Abram  cor  grand  and  ha  mil  ton 
Ray  Anna  297  Washington 

Carriage-makers. 

Caldwell  William  J  90  green 

Chesebro  &  Eimendorf  19  church 

Goold  James  &  co  cor  ham  and  division 

Lloyd  &  Jones  80  hamilton 

Long  &  Silsby  2S4  s  pearl 

Wemple  J  D  W  53  hamilton 
Cartmen. 

Appleton  William  G7  Van  Woert 

Austin  Abraham  275  Washington 

Baldwin  B  A  liamilton  w  dove 

Becker  Hiram  152  orange 

Beers  Benjamin  2  garden 

Bennett  James  41  n  lansing 

Birmingham  James  15  rose 

Boone  William  795  broad  way 

Booth  Thomas  47  fayette 

Butler  J  W  79  church 

Cain  James  orange  w  swan 

Carls  John  59  s  lansiug 

Carroll  Owen  103  third  arbor  hill 

Chandler  Jeremiah  7  clewitt 

Cheever  C  P  1"  qtiuckenbush 

Clare  William  19  orange 

Colter  Matthew  81  broad 

Conner  John  45  fayette 

Courtney  Isaac  8  jay- 
Crawford  Robert  J40  green 

Crocker  Anson  19  orange 

Cnrtin  Bart  westerlo  near  elm 

Cutler  J  jr  26  second  arbor  hill 

Cutler  Lyman  51  colonie 

Ferguson  John  143  orauge 

Finn  Michael  30  canal 
Finn  Patrick  72  canal 

Finnigan  John  '260  lydius 

Fitzpatrick  Thomas  basement  exchange 

Flamlrew  John  IS  orange 

Fowler  Charles  H  45  van  woert 

Frost  Jacob  49  fayette 

Fryer  Isaac  410  bowery 

Gilvona  Tliomas  canal  e  swan 

Godden  William  313  state 

Goewey  Solomon  912  bro 

Gorman  Archibald  99  scliuyler 

Gormlev  Patrick  104  Jefferson 

Grady  Patrick  9  westerlo 

Gritfiu  Michael  45  n  Lansing 

Grogan  Hugh  westerlo  w  swan 

Hamilton  James  36  u  lausiug- 

Hare  George  181  spring 

Hart  Patrick  40  franklin 

Haswell  John  E  960  s  pearl 

Hatcher  William  westerlo  w  swan 

Hazard  W  H  126  n  pe;irl 

Herring  Thomas  140  s  pearl 

Hibbard  Truman  410  broadway 

Hosford  Selah  swan  arb  >r  hill 

Hyde  Harvey  38  water 

Johiwoo  William  200  broadway 

Johnson  Daniel  119  Jefferson 

J.  olnisou  Joha  M  \villet 


Business  Directory. 


211 


Johnson  John  51  bassett 

Kennedy  Michael  canal 

Laughlin  Felix  canal 

Lay  John  121  third  arbor  hill 

Leach  Edward  116  green 

Ledwidge  Patrick  9  dewitt 

Levings  J  790  broadway 

Long  John  65  third  arbor  hilt 

Luther  John  105  canal 

McCormiek  John  174  broadway 

McGrath  Morris  32  water 

McGuire  Hugh  cor  state  and  park 

Mclntyre  John  1 1  ferry 

McKown  John  A  55  grand 

Me  Laughlin  William  spencer 

Me  Williams  John  45  van  zandt 

Maher  Thomas  72  n  lansing 

Matthews  Andrew  51  Lawrence 

Maxwell  Joseph  40  franklin 

Moffit  William  76  franklin 

Murray  Peter  cor  schuyler  and  franklin 

Murray  Dennis  57  canal 

Murray  Francis  John  st  alley 

Murtaugh  Michael  21  clinton 

Neely  Joseph  49  westerlo 

Nichols  William  126  Jefferson 

Owens  Ira  72  montgomery 

Pangburn  John  36  spring' 

Percival  J  C  105  patroon 
Peters  Edward  79  canal 

Poole  John  65  n  lausing 
Quinlan  Michael  107  first 

Radliff  Jacob  059  broadway 

Ramsay  John  33  water 

Ramsay  Philip  221  state 

Reed  William  216  state 

Reed  William  H  216  slate 

Reed  John  S  216  state 

Relyea  Levi  130  arch 

Richards  Owen  172  hudson 

Rock  Charles  64  Rensselaer 

Rose  Henry  44  spring 

Schmertsef  J  A  76  patroon 

Seely  John  35  lumber 

Seymour  James  142  lydius 

Sharp  A  M  westerlo  we  swan 

Sharp  David  westerlo  we  swan 

Sheridan  Barney  cor  first  aud  swan 

Simons  Benjamin  160  spring 

Simons  George  11  knox 

Simons  Henry  160  spring 

Simons  Morris  175  orange 

Simons  Peter   183  orange 

Skinner  Charles  213  broad 

Smith  Jacob  12  oran?e 

Stackpole  John  B  346  lydius 

Stevens  Jesse  49  fayette 

Stevenson  James  17  james 

Stewart  Adam  47  fayette 

Storey  Terence  47  van  schaick 
Taylor  Robert  200  green 
Thornton  Philip  32  Jefferson 
Tompkins  John  B  142  jeffi-rson 
Truax  CVS  hamilton  w  dove 
Turner  C  21  dewttt 


212 


Business  Directory. 


Van  Schoonhoven  James  65  van  woert 
Vine  Robert  82  Washington 
WalkerS  1 74  Jefferson 
Walker  E  14  lumber 
Walter  P  57  rensselaer 
Watson  Simeon  49  high 
Weaver  Nicholas  53  dewitt 
Whalen  William  head  of  canal 
Wickham  Elias  113  canal 
Wickham  William  115  canal 
Winne  Adam  35  Jefferson 
Wolf  Philip  113  canal 
Wright  S  141  green 

Cement,  &C. 
Warner  Jacob  33  broad  way 
Woodruff  Halsey  cor  plain  and  grand 

Chaii -makers. 

Bussey  John  state 
McChesney  Lucas  H  108  state 
Parnell  W  93i-ptate 
Winne  William' B  83  state 
Chandler. 

Dey  Ermand  John  chapel  n  canal 
(See  Soap  and  Candles  ) 

China,  Glass  &  Earthen  •ware. 

Fisher  Mary  37£  Washington 

Gregory  aud  co  51  state 

liees  Thomas  98  state 

Mclntosh  W  S  &  EC  416  broadway 

Van  Heusen  Sc  Charles  69  state 

Clergymen. 

Barry  J  K  2  franklin 

Beecher      31  grand 

Campbell  John  N  93  hudson 

Campbell  William  H  Albany  academy 

Clark  J  29  plain 

Conroy  John  J  99  colonie 

Davenport      grace  church 

Ferguson      slate  st 

Frazer  J  76  ferry 

Groube  Bartholomew  35  grand 

Halloway  W  W  134  green 

Hunting! on  E  A  111  n  pearl 

Jefferies  R  19  plain 

Kennedy  Duncan  55  n  pearl 

Kip  William  I  126  slate 

McClaskey  P  51  dallius 

McCloskey  revdr  14  lodge 

Martin  B  N  delavan 

Miles  John  delaware  turnpike 

Morrow  Samuel  F  71  patroon 

Noble  E  89  third  arbor  hill 

Pepper  John  16  high 

Pohlman  H  N  136  Washington 

Potter  Horalio  68  maiden  lane 

Raw.son  T  R  45  high 

Schmidt  F  W 

Selkirk  E  68  herkimer 

Sessions  John  Albany  academy 

Sprague  William  B  51  Washington 

Stark  D  swan  and  Washington 

Taggart  C  M  74  division 

Trop  Veist  78  arch 


Waggoner  W  H  131  Hamilton 
Warren  C  J  delavan  house 
Way  P  M  wesleyan  chapel 
Wise  Isanc  77  ferry 
Wyckoff  JN  lOOIydius 

Clocks. 

(See  Watches  and  Jewelry} 

Clothing  Stores, 

Allen  Hiron  W  425  broadway 

Baird  James  17  s  pearl 

Bew  L  307  broadway 

Bulger  R  1  exchange  building 

Cook  Thomas  cor  broadway  and  hudson 

Derby  Levi  L  373  broadway 

Dix  Perry  421  broadway 

Dorr  Elisha  415  broadway 

Duncan  &  Jackson  403  broadway 

Duncan  H  R  483  broadway 

Heermans  John  417  broadway 

Herman  Solomon  54  s  pearl 

Lawton  Anthony  424  broadway 

Lynch  John  cor  centre  and  n  lansing 

Lynch  Owen  10  little  basin 

Matiimore  Thomas  23  lawrence 

Murray  Hugh  401  broadway 

Newberg  J  &  S  329  broad  way 

Newton  R  N  377  broadway 

Parker  459  broadway 

Rooney  Michael  D  399  broadway 

Sanders  S  and  co  21  s  pearl 

Sullivan  T  13  little  basin 

Swift  Hugh  55  quay 

Tuey  Thomas  3-ulansin» 

White  Isaac  331  broadway 

Street  Richard  409  broadway 

Coach-ware  and  Saddlery. 

Steele  Roswell  420  broadway 
Wright  N  444  broadway 

Coal  dealers. 
Belknap  McKercher  Sc  Campbell    cor 

spencer  and  montgomery 
Curran  H  D  205  broadway 
Groesbeck  J  &  A  45  Columbia 
McAuley  M  cor  arch  and  dallius 
Schuyler  James  cor  bassett  and  franklm 
Taylor  James  166  broadway 
White  J  G  cor  hudson  and  eagle 
Wilbur  and  Tbwnseud  175  broadwuy 

Coffee  Factories. 

Chase  L  A  and  co  9  exhange 
Thomas  Job  a  10  exchange 

Commission  Merchants. 

Crafts  BF  115  pier 

Dorr  and  Englehart  31  quay 

Dwight  H  W  44  quay 

French  and  Stevenson  20  pier 

Gilbert  Lucien  M  38  quay 

Hale  Sylvester  117  pier 

Jones  Benjamin  P  106  pier 

Read  and  Rawls  118  pier 

Root  Arthur  H  5  Hudson 

Savage  James  121  pier 

Van  Sickler  R  M  and  co  10  maiden  lane 


Business  Directory. 


213 


Confectioners. 

Anderson  Mrs  570  broadway 
Anderson  George  81  state 
Bowers  David  N  916  broadway 
Briare  B  453  broadway 
Burt  Edward  19  Columbia 
Campbell  Mrs  cor  hamilton  and  green 
Clarkson  M  98  state 
Dennison  William  22  s  pearl 
Fairchild  M  60  state 
Jewett  Miss  C  71  n  pearl 
Latham  William  G  11  wilson 
May  Edward  5  n  lansing 
Winn  Mark  cor  s  pearl  pnd  herkimer 
Coopers. 

Byrne  John  112  pier 

Ha\ve  Matthew  55  dean 

Hawe  William  74  quay 

Parr  Richard  94  franklin 

Radliff  TJ  5-2  philip 

AVooley  and  Harris  120  washiugtoa 

Coppersmiths. 

Griffin  P  H  cor  Stephen  andjauaes 
Smith  Peter  16  beaver 

Counsellors. 

Allen  Otis  5  douw's  building 

Austin  C  TJ  37  state 

Bancroft  R  I,.  G  445  broadway 

Barnard  D  D  1  academy  park 

Barnes  William  450  broadway 

Benedict  Lewis  jr  city  hall 

Bingham  R  H  450  broadway 

Birdseye  Lucien  59  state 

Blanc-hard  Anthony  94  state 

Bramhali  C  H  78  slate 

Brinsmatle  J  B  douw's  building 

Brown  .'ames  445  broadway 

Burton  J  I  66  state 

Burwell  Dudley  exchange  building 

Cagger  Peter  57  state 

Callanan  James  jr  50  state 

Campbell  Duncan  60  chapel 

Cassidy  William  atlas  office  law  building 

Cole  John  513  broadway 

Cole  John  O  police  office 

Collier  John  A  542  broadway 

Colt  Joseph  S  94  state 

Colvin  Andrew  106  state 

Courtney  S  G  4  exchange 

Cross  J  R  8  howard 

Daniels  .Spencer  66  state 

Dean  and  Newland  commercial  building 

Deforest  Dewitl  C  8  exchange  build  iug 

De  Lancey  E  F  44  state 

Denniston  Gerrit  V  S43  state 

Dexter  James  3  n  pearl 

Doolittle  E  \  83  state 

Downing  George  73  patroon 

Edwards  F  S  1  commercial  buildiug 

Edwards  Isaac  3  n  pearl 

Edwards  Ja«ies  4?0  broad  way 

Ford  John  W  460  broadway 

Forsylh  William  W  6  state 

French  James  M  3  cliutcn  square 


Frisbie  John  B  mansion  house 

Frothingham  W  W  513  broadway 

Gaffney  Dennis  B  81  slate 

Gallup  Albert  blunt's  building 

Gansevoort  Peter  13  douw's  building 

Gibb  Thomas  W  50  state 

Groesbeck  S  A  56  state 

Hadley  William  J  83  state, 

Hammond  L  S  450  broadway 

Hammond  S  H  450  broadway 

Harris  Hamilton  6  exchange  building 

Harris  Ira  6  exchaage  building 

Harwell  HB  87  s  pearl 

Haw!ey  N  21  douw's  building 

Hawley  Gideon  4  exchange  building 

Higgins  Solomoti  F  75  state 

Hill  Nicholas  57  state 

Hill  John  J   13  douw's  building 

Hills  A  S  22  jay 

Hilton  R  J  78  state 

Hilton  W  J  D  81  state 

Hoist ein  L  D  city  hall 

Howard  N  jr  57  hawk 

James  Thomas  D  66  slate 

Jenkins  Charles  M  44  state 

Joice  R  L  commercial  building 

Kelly  W  S  94  state 

King  N  G  450  broadway 

Kingsley  Hale  59  slate 

L'Amoureux  James  8  douw's  building 

Lansing  Jacob  68  state 

Lansing  C  Y  3  douw's  buildings 

Lansing  G  Y  513  broadway 

Lansing  Ch:irles  B  513  broadway 

Lansing  L  F  450  broadway 

Learned  William  L  71  state 

Livingston  John  D  94  state 

McHarg  William  C  81  state 

McKov/n  James  44  state 

McMahon  Ms  37  slate 

Mc.Martin  Duncaa  44  state 

Martin  H  H  J52  state 

Meads  Orlando  489  broadway 

Mink  Charles  VV  45  arch 

Morange  William  D  42  James 

Morrell  A  justices'  court 

Newland  John  commercial  building 

Nichols  M  C  G  10  douw's  building 

Northrop  R  H  8  douw's  building 

Nugent  H  P  state  hall 

Olcott  John  J  2-5  n  pearl 

Paddock  William  S  71  state 

Paige  J  C  Y  broadway 

Palmer  Levi  H  7  coster's  fcuildiug 

Parker  A  J  143  Washington 

Parolee  William  44-2  broadway 

Parsons  S  H  II  police  office 

Peckham  G  W  94  state 

Peckham  R  W  94  state 

Pepper  Calvin  16  high 

Pepper  Calvin  jr  183  hamilton 

Percy  awl  Hi^g-ins  75  state 

Porter  John  K  57  state 

Pruyn  J  V  L  53  state 

Pruyu  R  H  513  broad  way 


214 


Business  Directory. 


Pugsley  C  A  443  broadway 

Raclcliff  D  V  N  70S  broadway 

Reynolds  M  T  25  n  pearl 

Rhoades  Julius  b'  exchange  building 

Robertson  William  D  251  Washington 

Robinson  A  D  94  state 

Rose  James  R  75  state 

Russell  David  justices'  court 

Sanders  J  B  9  douw's  building 

Settle  Jacob  M  city  hail 

Sharp  Alexander  P  71  state 

Shepard  S  O  above  na  and  f  bank 

Sherman  Epaphras  J  5U2i  broadway 

Sternbergh  Jacob  59  s  pearl 

Stevens  Samuel  480  broadway 

Stevens  Cyrus  480  broadway 

Street  A  B  state  library 

Sturtevam  3  chapel 

Taber  Azor  G  commercial  building 

Ten  Broeck  C  cor  s'.euben  and  broadway 

Ten  Eyck  Anthony  53  Columbia 

Tillinghast  J  L  franklin  house 

Troiter  Matthew  coopers  building 

Tyler  John  J  blunt's  building 

Van  Buren  Thomas  B  115  green, 

Vanderpoel  I  5  academy  park 

Van  Epps  H  V  D  7  exchange  buildiiug 

Van  Hoovenburgh  T  S  450  broadway 

Van  Rmsselaer  B  S  62  chapel 

Van  Rensselaer  J  S  2  douw's  building 

Van  Rensselaer  Richard  cooper's  building 

Van  Schaack  S  D  25  n  pearl 

Van  Vechten  Abraham  state  hall 

Van  Vechten  Teunis  44  state 

Van  Yoj'st  Hooper  C  6  exchange  building 

Van  Wie  Lansing  SJefferson. 

Wasson  C  C  4 1  state 

Weed  William  G  59  state 

Werner  John  I  5!)  state 

Westerlo  Rensselaer  41  n  pearl 

Wheaton  Henry  G  S3  state 

Whelpley  J  M  75  slate 

Whipple  A  D  L  81  state 

White  William  D  commercial  building 

Willett  E  S  78  state 

Wilson  G  L  commercial  building 

Wilson  J  Q  5  exchange 

Wood  Bradford  R  59  state 

Wood  house  D  106  state 

Wood^orth  John  113  state 

Worcester  Eldad  30  spring 

A V  right  Doodatus  3  n  pearl 

Wyman  H  »4  stale 

Vales  Win  cor  montgomery  and  coluiabia 

Yates  Henry  kane's  park 

Young  William  A  4  exchange  building 

Younglove  T  G  44  state 

Daguerreotypers. 

Churchill  54  state 

Gavit  Daniel  K  4 SO  broadway 

Mead!  and  brother  2  exchange  building 

bissou  N  E  496  broadway 

Dentists. 

5S3  broadway 


Brockway  J  16  n  pearl 

Douglass  George  77  lydiu* 

Monroa  Joshua  17  green 

Nelson  R  and  A  22  n  pearl 

Wheeler  U  H  18  n  pearl 

Wood  John  S  cor  hudson  and  s  pearl 

Distillers. 
Claason  II  S40  broadway 
Tracey  and  Ed  sou  cor  mout  and  colonie 
Wilkinson  Jacob  27  dean 

Dress-makers.; 

Cameron  S  13  park 
Cluxton  Nancy  65  arch 
Da  -idson  M  R  56  Lafayette 
Grew.  Mrs  S  46  s  pearl 
Hard)  Aim  140jenerson 
Holcomb  Hannah  41  lark- 
Kendall  Mrs  238  broadway 
Lenox  Miss  8i  beaver 
McKee  Mrs  43  orange 
Moclair  Mary  615  broadway 
Pardon  Maria  23  steuben 
Patterson  Miss  44  orange 
West  Miss  E  64  chapel 
Wilbur  D  A  38  spring 
Wilcox  Miss  92.  hndson 

Drugs,  Medicines,  &c. 
Briggs  R  B  4  exchange 
Burrows  and  Nellegar  43  s  pearl 
Burton  B  1  delavan  house 
Byrnes  Jonathan  24  s  pearl 
Dexter  George  57  state 
Ford  &  Grant  cor  Washington  and  hawk 
Frothing  harn  C  440  broad  way 
McClure  A  and  co  74  statts 
Pierce  William  H  506  broadv/ay 
Pulling  H  P  70  state 

Springsteed  &  Bullock  cor  pearl  &  lydiu* 
Vandenbergh  A  F  cor  broadway  &  hudson 
Wharton  W  A  381  broadway 
Dry  Goods. 

WHOLESALE. 

Rleecker  George  M  406  broadway 
King  R  H  and  co  49  state 
Sheldon,  and  Wood  467  broadway 
Smith  Carey  and  Moseley  477  broadway 
Strong  A  M  and  W  N  445  bxoadway 
Woodburn  and  Dey  Ennand  35,  state 

RETAIL 

Bailey  and  Ostrorn,  73  Washington 
Blatner  and  co  384  broadway 
Boyd  S  V  42.8  broadway 
Brown  William  G  490  broadway 
Colin  J  and  I  72  s  pearl 
Cook  Joseph  S  530  broadway 
Cyapo  Seth  56  state 
DurTey  Miss  M  493  broadway 
EJirich  J  and  co  2  s  pearl 
E.r%vin  William  H  238  Washington 
Fryer  and  McMichael  326  broadway 
Gay  and  Mygalt  486  broadway 
Hendrickson  Mrs  92^  s  pearl 
Holmes  Henry  B  16  s  pearl 
Humphrey  J  J  53  state 


Business  Directory. 


215 


Ledderer  Abram  53  *  prarl 

Lehrberg  and  Lederer  380  broadway 

Levi  Solomon  52  s  pearl 

Luke  S  and  H  6s  pearl 

McElroy  James  G30  broadway 

McElroy  William  645  broadway 

Mabbett  J  G  384  broadway 

Mesick  Henry  T  340  broadway 

Minster  S  38]-  s  pearl 

Mork  Philip  J72spei;rl 

Mygatt  Thomas  486  broadway 

Mylet  Barthdomew  102  broadway 

Newwitter  J  40  s  pearl 

Perry  N  W  504  broadway 

Post'j  A  474  b*oadw.ay 

Reedstone  Isaac  37i  s  pearl 

Rogers  W  C  168  s  pearl 

Sampson  Alexander  209  s  pearl 

Sheline  Alfred  81  s  pearl 

Shrishimer  L  142  s  pearl 

Schloss  Moses  341  broadway 

Sporborg  Joseph  -36£  s>peurl 

Stearns  J  O  538  broad  way 

Stilwell  William  B  80  state 

Taylor  and  Deforest  423  broadway 

Van  Alen  C  cor  s  pearl  and  hudson 

Van  Aernem  Bei;jamin  242  wa  hington 

Van  Gaasbeck  &  Emerson  452  broadway 

Van  Ness  &  Brown  cor  broadw  &  lumber 

Walker  Mrs  81  washiuglon 

Waterbury  R  P  and  co  595  broadway 

Waterrmm  J  E  63  Washington 

Watson  W  ILand  co  08  state 

Wheeler  T  V  L  581  broadway 

White  George  554  broadway 

Wilder  X  II  57  Washington 

Wiles  Lewis  cor  s  pearl  and  state 

Wiles  R  P  &  T  II  cor  hudson  and  s  pearl 

Zeh  David  40  liavvk 

Dyers. 

Condon  James  36  orange 
Giffin  William  <?0  norton 
Laycock  17  norton 
Leddy  P  B  20  iiortoii 
Niblock  John  43  hudson 

Eating-houses. 

Griffi:i  S  6  green 
Thompson  Mrs  96  state 
Wilbur  Alvin  80s  pearl 

Engravers. 

OX    'WOOD. 

Carson  Robert  II  6  exchange 
Pease  R  H  516  broadway 
on  COPPER. 

Cooper  D  M  480  broadway 
-Gavit  and  Duthie  exchange  buildings 

Expresses. 

"Greene  and  co  14*exchange  building 
Johnson  R  L  11  exchage  building 
Thompson  and  co  11  exchange  bidding 
Wells  and  co  11  exchange  building 

Fancy  Goods 

Shaw  Matthew  750  broadway 
Speknaji  B  R  and  R  L  494  broadway 


Finding  Stoics. 

Covert  A  53  dean 
Gross  S  jr  34  hudson 
Guest  and  Laney  43  dean 
Holt  J  and  co  45  hudson 
Van  Schaack  John  43  dean 
Fire  Brick. 

Bender  M  W  cor  dallius  and  westerlo 
Gott  and  Palmer  cor  Lundson  and  hawk 
Florists  and  Nurserymen. 
Wilson  James  near  penitentiary 
Hall  James  del  a  ware  turnpike 

Flour  dealers. 

Akin  E  C  73  quay 

Artcher  Michael  63  quay 

Averill  and  Marshall  38  quay 

Barrett  and  Prown  31  quay 

Bement  Caleb  9  Hudson 

Bennett  E  B  65  quay 

Bentley  C  W  87  quay 

Blalner  Henry  21  hamilton 

Bowman  Peter  E  49  quay 

Brown  Thorns  A  31  quay 

Carey  J  and  D  H  43  quay 

Chapman  William  and  son  81  quay 

Chiptnanand  Savage  151  piesr 

Clark  A  S  46  quay 

Camming  Alexander  187  Washington 

Duraut  E  A  119  pier 

Durant  Lathrop  and  co  35  quay 

Miller  Nathaniel  599  broadway 

Patten  M  and  S  39  quay 

Ring  N  and  J  63  quay 

Sayles  J  and  G  M  62  quay 

Shepherd  and  co  broadway  upper  end 

Smyth  C  T  40  quay 

Terry  O  G  120  pier 

Tweddle  and  Darlington  S3  quay 

Wright  and  co  116  pier 

Fresh  Fish. 

Parker  Joseph  north  market 
Simmons  E  J  centre  market 

Fruit. 

Anderson  J  H  62  green 
Anderson  James  25  s  penrl 
A  very  and  co  351  and  353  broadway 
Childs  Daniel  644  broadway 
Clark  Joseph  S3  Washington 
Fairrhild  Benjamin  28  second  arbor  hill 
Ford  widow  -Hi  «rcen 
Hagaman  and  Cowell  2~3  broadway 
Hawes  Isaac  L  276  Washington 
Holland  Edward  39  n  pearl 
Porter  F  cor  hudson  and  broadway 
Robinson  Primus  83  state 
Shank  Robert  51  union 
Vanderlip  D  R  cor  n  pearl  and  state 
Whitecar  J  5-5  broadway 

Fur  and  Caps. 
Prentice  J  II  and  co  105  water 
Treadwell  G  C  and  co  449  broadway 

Furniture  Warehouses. 
Harris  E  A  531  broadway 


216 


Business  Directory. 


Howe  D  98  state 

McKown  A  F  cor  s  pearl  and  lydius 
Meads  John  jr  549  broadway 
Merrifield  and  Wooster  49  s  pearl 
Parsons  Harvey  5^6  broadway 
Winne  John  15  n  pearl 

Forwarding  Merchants. 
Baker  H  C  103  pier 
Brainard  B  C  29  quay 
Brown  William  cor  steuben  and  water 
Carter  Joseph  I  cor  quay  and  liudson 
Chamberlain  and  Olmsted  42  quay 
Chapin  an  1  co  1  hudson 
Chase  and  co  1 14  pier 
Clark  Charles  V  90  pier 
Clarke  W  H  and  co  42  quay 
Cuyler  C  J  66  quay 
Evan?  Louis  E  49  quay 
Evertsen  A  31  quay 
Gay  George  E  102  pier 
Godard  C  W  93  pier 
Greene  and  Mather  66  quay 
Hewett  H  B  and  co  1 1 1  pier 
Hovey  O  S  93  pier 
Huber  Jacob  211  bowery 
Johnson  and  Curtis  66  quay 
Littlejohn  Levi  8  96  pier 
McKissick  S  65  quay 
Mai  lory  J  H  and  co  1  hodson 
Moore  George   19  pier 
O/msted  D  W  42  quay 
Patten  J  W  66  quay 
Pease  J  H  and  co  1  hudson 
Phelps  Austin  21  lancaster 
Prosser  E  S  cor  state  and  quay 
Redfield  Charles  B  113  pier 
Schuyler  T  20  quay 
Shaw  B  F  95  pier 
Terry  O  G  120  pier 
Travis  and  co  103  pier 
Vandevvater  W  II  and  co  101  pier 
Van  Santvoord  A  113  pier 
Wetmore  and  Richards  44  quay 
Williams  II  A  44  chapel 
Yard  ley  C  79  pier 

Gardens. 
Mineral  Spring  58  ferry 
National  772  broadway 

Gardeners. 
Fitzgerald  Patrick  32  canal 
Fortune  Et'.ward  cor  lydius  and  swan 
Grady  Thomas  82  church 
Hermitage  William  N  58  canal 
McDonald  Cornelius  57  rensselaer 
Mayniird  John  349  Washington 
Neely  Robert  99  schnyler 
Switzer  F  167  broad 
Turner  Isaac  203  lumber 

Gas-fitters. 

Carroll  M  J  lron<lw;iy 
Mmisig  and  Bormann  623  broadway 
Gents'  Furnishing  Stores. 

Baker  T  S  518  broarUvny 
Lansingh  K  V  R  454  broudway 


Globes. 

Lancaster  C  and  D  230  lydius 
Standish  Z  271  Washington 
Glovers. 
Hill  Thomas  78  state 
Newman  Henry  557  broadway 

Grocers. 

WHOLESALE. 

Batcheldor  G  and  E  C  18  state 
Bulkley  and  Crapo  50  quay 
Cook  and  vying  12  state 
Crapo  William  17  state 
Davis  William  11  state 
Monteith  and  co  24  dean 
Schoolcraft  Raymond  and  co  14  hudson 
Stanton  G  W  cor  quay  and  state 
Wadley  M  S  and  co  347  broadway 
Wait  and  Vernam  359  broadway 
Weidman  and  Shell  10  state 
Wilson  and  Grimwood  7  state 
AVilson  aud  Mintroll 

RETAIL. 

Armitage  William  M  58  canal 
Baillie  Charles  cor  franklin  and  John 
Barker  James  45  fayelte 
Bartholomew  C  cor  hudson  and  high 
Barlley  James  65  colonie 
Bender  William  M  cor  lydius  and  lark 
Bergen  Charles  28  quay 
Birch  G  A  45  Washington 
Blair  John  S  cor  pine  and  chapel 
Blake  Owen  15  Columbia 
Blank  Thomas  cor  arch  and  church 
Bortle  Richard  272  broadway 
Bracken  widow  12clinion 
Brammall  George  C  60  beaver 
Brooks  Jonathan  jr  79  green 
Brower  Alburtus  194  broadway 
Brown  Daniel  25  lawrence 
Brown  Matthew  cor  chapel  and  canal 
Bulger  John  25  quay 
Burke  John  cor  Hamilton  and  dove 
Burns  John  117  pearl 
Burton  S  P  198  broadway 
Buss  Charles  cor  hawk  and  green 
Butler  Thomas  83  ferry 
Bygate  Richard  373  lydius 
Byrne  Michael  214  broadway 
Byrne  James  120  broadway 
Cahill  John  ISO  broadway 
Calverly  Stubbs  124  broadway 
Campbell  George  613  broudway 
Campbell  Hugh  141  broad 
Campbell  John  W  9  ferry 
Canan  Dennis  13  quay 
Carmody  Patrick  cor  franklin  &  mulberry 
Carroll  Eil ward   17  quay 
Chamberlain  N  W  860  broadway 
Chandler  S  T  178  broadway 
Chapman  Morgan  L  30  quay 
Clark  James  680  broadway 
Clark  John  A  510  broadway 
Clark  Luke  cor  maiden  lane  and  lodge 
Clarke  Michael  9  pine 


Business  Directory. 


217 


Colin  and  Rothschild  133  s  pearl 
Colemay  Christopher  53  first  arbor  hill 
Conner  James  42  union 
Conner  Michael  56  colonie 
Cook  Asher  5  exchange 
Corrigjin  William  1GU  green 
Costigan  John  100  orange 
Couch  John  cor  Washington  and  snipe 
Courtney  Joseph  cor  dallius  and  John 
Cowell  and  Flaherty  117  quay 
Coyle  Terence  13  Columbia 
Cramer  Patrick  cor  rcns*e.laer  &  franklin 
Croister  James  12G  Washington 
Cummings  George  cor  division  and  liberty 
Deforest  Charles  A  cor  green  and  hamilton 
Deforest  Curtis  35  hamilton 
Dc-mpsey  Patrick  48  van  woert 
Demsey  John  cor  van  zandt  and  fulton 
Dermody  Henry  cor  chapel  &  van  schaick 
Diamond  William  M  76  n  pearl 
Dickson  L  J  8  steuben 
Dillon  John  136  s  pearl 
Donchue  John  40  van  schaick 
Donnelly  F  and  A  112  quay 
Donnelly  Thomas  76  orange 
Donovan  John  cor  church  and  mulberry 
Dooley  Martin  ISO  s  pearl 
Doo'.ey  Michael  203  water 
Dormley  Andrew  cor  quay  and  John 
Dowd  John  cor  lumber  and  center 
Droogau  C  3  morton 
Dunn  Charles  192  broad  way 
Dunn  Philip  351  state 
Dunn  Philip  jr  323  state 
Eagan  John  99  canal 
Eagan  Patrick  81  quay 
Early  Thomas  46  colonie 
Eaton  S  .S  S2  Washington 
Eggleston  .John  M  22  quay- 
Elder  George  cor  orange  and  chapel 
Erwm  Robert  27  lumber 
Ewing  P  II  cor  hudson  and  daniels 
Falke  Henry  b44  broadway 
Falkes  George  cor  clinton  and  alexander 
Farrell  James  little  basin 
Feltman  John  C  cor  hudsor.  and  grand 
Finch  Orville  cor  pearl  and  hudson 
Finn  Timothy  68  green 
Fisher  John  D  cor  lydius  and  lark 
Fisher  Michael  105  snipe 
Filzsirnmons  and  Smith  15  quay 
Flood  Mrs  cor  orange  and  water 
Foley  James  52  church 
Foot  Truman  S  311  broadway 
Fortune  Edward  cor  lydius  and  swan 
Fox  Patrick  cor  arch  and  green 
Frederick  James  C  90  Washington 
Fredenrich  Philip  centre  market 
Freest  E  M  P  cor  water  and  lawrence 
Frishee  Edwin  71  Washington 
Fryer  John  778  broad  way 
Galipo  Nelson  cor  colonie  and  centre 
Gates  Owen  T  cor  state  and  park 
Gaynor  Thomas  D  34  quay 
Geran  Anthony  67  broadway 


bsort  Washington  160  broadway 
Gould  Francis  34  herkimer 
Grady  Patrick  19  quay 
Grattan  Patrick  328  Washington 
Gray  James  152  lydius 
Griffin  R  M  201  broadway 
Halligan  Patrick  cor  swan  and  westerlo 
Harrison  John  71  canal 
Hart  John  42  second 
Hart  Owen  cor  church  and  green 
Hart  and  Stevens  37  hamilton. 
Haswell  &.  Ransom  cor  green  &  westerlo 
Hayes  Edward  291  state 
Hayes  Michael  87  green 
Hayes  Michael  192  green 
Heffernaa  Jam«s  cor  misselaer  &  s  pearl 
Ht-nnessy  Thomas  16  van  zandt 
Hennessy  widow  401  stale 
Iliggins  Bernard  29  van  woert 
Higgins  Thomas  21  lawrence 
Hill  George  61  pier 
Hill  Henry  45  pier 
Hilton  S  V  A  839  broadway 
Hiney  Jacob  132  arch 
Hogeboom  1'  and  J   149  broadway 
Holler  Jacob  1M)  Washington 
IIoull  Oliver  third  cor  swan 
Hughes  Thomas  A  cor  l;irk  and  spring 
Hurst  William  23  s  pearl 
Isdell  William  cor  lydius  and  broad 
Jones  Thomas  133  broad 
Jordan  Joseph  A  22  clinton 
Joynt  John  140  s  pearl 
Kappes  John  193  s  pearl 
Keelin  John  cor  arch  and  dallius 
Kelly  Patrick  cor  arch  and  broad 
Kelly  Thomas  40  montgomery 
Kennedy  Dennis  cor  first  and  swan 
Kennedy  Philip  58  union 
Kieley  J  P  cor  broad  and  schuyler 
Kiernan  William  cor  eagle  and  elm 
Kiley  J  P  cor  arch  find  broad 
Killion  Patrick  136  broadway 
Kilmer  J  G  211  green 
King  6  W  46  second  arbor  hill 
Kinney  John  S  foot  Columbia  st  bridge 
Kirkpalrick  Edward  centre  market 
Kirkpatrick  Mrs  ceutre  market 
Lawlor  Fanton  261  state 
Lnwlor  Martin  cor  lumber  and  water 
Lawrence  Mary  Ann  131  franklin 
Lee  William  59£  n  lansing 
Leonard  S  S  cor  lyd ins  &  delaware  turn. 
Leonard  Thomas  78  franklin 
Lightbody  Andrew  cor  church  &  westerlo 
Loc liner  George  64  Washington 
Loomis  S  A  cor  s  pearl  and  hamilton 
Lynch  Barnard  cor  green  and  schuyler 
Lyons  14  quay 
Lyons  Joseph  53  hawk 
McBnde  J  and  W  2<i2  Washington 
McCafferty  John  47  lumber 
McCarty  369  state 
McCaugan  191  broadway 
McClelland  Joseph  61  eagle 


218 


Business  Directory. 


McCole  James  9  plain 
McEntee  James  169  green 
ATcEntee  John  21  canal 
McEvily  Patrick  2  Howard 
McEvoy  John  cor  green  and  rensselaer 
McGurvey  James  22  Jackson 
McGinn  Michael  100  schuyler 
MtfGinnU  Patrick  174  moingonTery 
McGimriiy  Patrick  5(3  broad 
McGovern  John  cor  arch  and  dallius 
McGran  Patrick  77  schuyltr 
McKennsi  Barney  194  broadway 
McMahon  Francis  59  n  ferry 
McManus  James  188  broadway 
MacNamara  Hugh  227  Washington 
MeNulty  Christopher  150  s  pearl 
MacShane  Felix  74  quay 
McShea  James  225  broudw.iy 
Maher  Robert  159  broadway 
Mallon  Thomas  w  swan 
Malone  James  78  beaver 
Malvy  William  cor  lodge  &  maiden  lane 
Martin  Boyd  cor  fiird  ami  swan 
jKTarlin  William  35-2  broadway 
Mead  Titus  cor  water  and  n  lerry 
Merrifiekl  William  eagle  near  lydius 
Miles  Joseph  cor  arch  and  s  pearl 
Miller  Charles 
Mix  H  and  S  265  s  pearl 
Moulder  Michael  cor  canal  and  chapel 
Monahan  John  5  little  basin 
M"ore  Jasper  53  green 
Moore  S  B  4  division 
Morrow  James  cor  ferry  and  broadway 
MoslainG  150  lark 
Mullen  John  22  pier 
Mulligan  P  cor  Jefferson  and  swan 
Murphy  Edward  lj;7  s  pearl 
Murphy  Patrick  cor  schuyler  &  alexander 
Murray  Dennis  115  broad 
Murray  John  8  Columbia 
Murray  John  cor  westerlo  and  quay- 
Murray  L  155  orange 
Murray  Owen  cof  Hamilton  and  philip 
Neff  Willianr  cor  daniel  and  beaver" 
Neff&  Ford  cor^broadw-ay  and  qunckenb 
Neville  Isaac  cor  water  and  n  landing 
Neville  John  8  lydius 
Norton  MU-Hael  114  canal 
Norwood  David  81  orange 
Nowlau  Jeremiah  cor  philip  &  van  zandt 
Oberisi  Charles  1  Columbia 
O'Conner  John  37  division 
O'Flaherty  P  160  spear 
O'Hanlon  M  15  blrecker 
O'Neil  M  12  n  lansing 
Oppenheim  G  cor  franklin  and  herkimer 
Osborn  J  H  and  II  cor  s  pearl  a-id  lydius 
Patree  S  174  broad 

Pemberton  E  &  J  cor  n  pearl  &  Columbia 
Perry  Hiram  174  Washington 
Pester  William  342  state 
Porter  Jeremiah  3(39  Washington 
Power  D  148  Broadway 
Putnam  and  Shaw  foot  Columbia 


Queeny  M  199  wa'er 

Radfort  WHliam  F  cor  ferry  and  church 

Rafferty  Cimrles  13  quay 

Ramsay  James  cor  broadway  and  colonie 

Rankin  S   108s  pearl 

Reardon  Timothy  IS}  broadway 

Riley  Edward  cop'swan  and  second 

Robison  Mrs  377  state 

Rosengarten  Joseph  G~2  s  pearl 

Rowe  Matthew  56  lawrence 

Russell  Jason  150  Washington 

Ryan  Patrick  13S  jeffersoh 

Sayles  James  2  william 

Sayles  James  jr  cor  lumber  and  water 

Scanlan  W  5  maiden  lane 

Schwartz  Simson  cor  green  and  ferry 

Schuyler  Cortland  and  co  870  broadway 

Schuyler  and  "\ran  Antwerp  88  bassett 

Scott  William  B  cor  swan  and  second 

Serviss  John  D  cor  beaver  and  lodge 

Serviss  William  cor  lydius  and  swan 

Shacklefr>n  James  19 "lawrence 

Shaver  John  90  Washington 

Sheridan  William  cor  reiuselaer  &  dalliua 

Slioory  Mi%  89  canal 

Shouts  John  A  2111  water 

Sickles  John  A  76  s  p.-arl 

Simons  John  780  broadway 

Simons  N  E  and  J  C  co--  lydius  and  rose 

Simpson  John  235  s  pearl 

Slack  Granville  cor  lydiu- and  dove 

Slave  n  Michael  cor  broadway  &  schnyler 

Smith  and  Packard  cor  green  and  hudion 

Smith  Barney  17  second 

Smith  Bernard  26!)  s  pearl 

Smith  David1  8~s  pearl 

Smitfi  Egfekiel  17  wa^'iington 

Smith  Matthew  cor  broad  and  aiexander 

Spears  Eoenezer  68  lawrence 

.Spencer  Spencer  1U9  Washington 

Stein  Myer  6S  w.  sterlo 

Sterne  Isaac  3^  s  pearl 

Stewart  James  2-3  westerlo 

Sullift"  E  A  23  lancaster 

SutliffiGeorge  2S7  Washington- 

Sutliff  T"M:  741  broadway 

Swartz  Abram  oor  arch  and  broad 

Taggerty  Mrs  1  clinton 

Tallrnan  Darius  8  n  lansing 

Tarbell  G  S  65  quay 

Thomson  Alextuuler  93  church 

T  lomson  C  N  50  philip 

Tiernan  Owen  121  quay 

Triger  C  259  Washington 

Van  Aernem  J  B  I'l  water 

\7anderlip  E'R  cor  ereen  and  Hudson 

Van  Valkenburgh  William  14  n  lansing 

Van  Wormer  Peter  237  Washington 

Van  Zandt  G  D  646  broadway 

Veeder  and  Bates  114  s  pearl 

Veeder  V  cor  centre  and  n  lansing 

Vickers  John  259  P  pearl 

Waddel  James  192  n  pearl 

Waddel  Samuel  cor  n  pearl  and  orange 

Wallace  Christopher  103  orange 


Business  Directory. 


219 


Wallace  John  43  rensselaer 

Wallace  M  713  broadway 

Walls  Peter  cor  Jefferson  and  swan 

Walt*  Charles  205  broad 

Weeks  and  Relyea  78  pier 

W^elch  James  57  s  pearl 

Westheimer  Abraham  cor  Schuyler  and  s 

pearl 

Whitney  James  F  200  water 
Wilbur  Renssdaer  cor  lydius  and  dallius 
Wilkins  H  w  side  little  basin 
Wilkinson  Abraham  45  grand 
Williams  John  H  9  n  pearl 
Wil«on  J  B  cor  pine  and  chapel 
Winne  J  L  734  broadway 
Wormer  J  C  291  Washington 
Wright  H  163  broadway 
Young  George  cor  pearl  and  beaver 
Young  Sidney  &  co  cor  lydius  and  grand 
Young  S  and  P  666  broadway 

Gunsmiths. 

Beebee  blunt's  building 
Churchill  O  cor  green  and  beaver 
Scott  W  J  and  R  H  9  beaver 
Van  Valkenburgh  S  11  beaver 

Hair-work. 

Blanchard  J  W  515  broadway 
Stiles  Maria  23  Hudson 

Hardware  dealers. 
Corning  and  co  451  broadway 
Davidson  and  Viele  46  state 
Fry  Daniel  40  state 
Humphrey  and  co  41  state 
Miles  N  B  94  state 
Pruyn  a:id  Vosburgh  39  state 
Warren  and  Steele  66  state 

Hats,  Caps  and  Furs. 
Bougliton  Daniel  411  broadway 
Boyd  Thomas  537  broadway 
Butters  Silas  4S5  broadway 
Cotrell  J  G  48  state 
Dickson  Hugh  54  state 
Frothingham  William  444  broadway 
Hernck  E  S  400  broadway 
Hills  Erastus  60  state 
Hussey  N  397  broadway 
Mayell  Alfred  426  broadway 
Milwain  James  84  state 
Robins  John  S  35|  s  pearl 
Van  Namee  and  co  402  broadway 

Herbs. 

Gould  James  S  413  broadway 
MeEIarg  William  22  green 

Hides  and  Leather. 

(See  Leather  dealers  ) 
Horticultural  Articles. 
(See  Seed  stares  ) 

Ice  dealers. 

Hall  and  Ha  w  ley 

"Ink. 

Rosekrans  &  Ovens  cor  exchange  &  dean 
Starr  Alexander  666|  broadway 

20 


Intelligence  Offices. 

Board  man  D  47|  Hudson 
Burt  John  22£  s  pearl 

Iron  Fence-builders. 

Carls  J  D  william 

Covert  H  W  cor  steuben  and  water 

Starks  and  Pruyn  48  liberty 

Jewelery. 

(See  Watches  and  Jewelry.) 

Junk  Shops. 

McClelland  David  176  broadway 
Welch  Benjamin  198  s  pearl 

Justices. 

Cole  J  O  police  office 
Cornell  Levi  lower  end  s  pearl 
Morrell  A  justices'  court 
Parsons  S  H  H  police  office 
Sargent  Parker  justices'  court 
Lace  Goods. 
Barclay  C  512  broadway 
Hind  man  A  G  534  broadway 
Leask  John  522  broadway 

Law  Booksellers. 
Gould  Banks  and  Gould  104  state 
Little  and  co  53  state 

Leather  dealers. 

Anable  and  Smith  30  sjate 

Hepinstall  G  25  Hudson 

Holt  J  and  co  45  hudson 
.  Humphrey  F  cor  state  and  dean 
l  Ruyter  John  18  Hudson 

Seymour  Forsylh  and  co  6  state 

Van  Schaack  John  43  dean 
i  Van  Valkenburgh  Frost  and  Ruyter  18 

hudson 
I  Watson  William  and  co  59  dean 

Liquors,  Wines,  &c. 
I  Baker  James  B  7  steuben 
I  Bratt  G  T  cor  william  and  Howard 
!  Claason  P  J  105  green 
j  Esmay  Isaac  28  dean 
'  Fake  and  Todd  24  stale 

Foot  and  Welden  311  broadway 

Knowlton  Hosea  197  broadway 

Maher  James  52  state 

Malburn  Francis  18  lydius 

Mascord  Edward  27  s  pearl 

Reid  and  Cushman  7  dean 

Reno  Rensselaer  9  s  pearl 

Boerem  Townsend  13  norton 

Livery  Stables. 

Carter  Charles  26  steuben 

Clemens  George  rear  franklin  house 

Dexier  Chauncey  cor  Hamilton  and  liberty 

Fiisby  Edward  161  s  pearl 

Harris  George  cor  moiden  lane  and  James 

Reed  Benjamin  4  william 

Slausson  W  F  79  maiden  lane 

Taylor  Thomas  114  s  pearl 

Wallace  A  F  41  division. 

Yates  H  and  H  56  montgomery 


220 


Business  Directory. 


Locksmiths. 

Blackall  J  &  W  J  cor  Hamilton  and  fulton 
Lovie  Alexander  86  green 
Wollensack  John  16  van  zaudt 

Looking-glass  Manufacturers. 

Annesley  Lawson  504  broadway 
Burton  James  and  co  3  green 
Riley  George  1  green 

Lumber. 

Barnard  F  J  and  son  230  water 
Birdsall  William  37  pier 
Bloomingdale  William  H  above  n  ferry 
Carroll  Arlond  51  pier 
Coffee  and  Brush  cor  water  and  spencer 
Colburn  D  K  127  water 
Cooley  Calvin  and  co  191  water 
Daltou  William  13  ten  broeck 
Dewitt  William  H  67  pier 
Easton  Charles  P  88  water 
Fassett  Asa  37  pier 
Gay  Lusher  32  pier 
Goodrich  David  43  pier 
Griswold,  Mattoon  and  co  cor  orange  and 

water 

Had  lam  W  cor  montgomery  and  lumber 
Higbie  Hammonds  and  co  above  n  terry 
Hunt  William  H  1^7  water 
Ketchum  R  V  R  127  water 
King  James  B  20  pier 
LordTS  18  pier 
Paddock  Sjr  127  pier 
Rathbun  Joshua  67  pier 
Rogers  and  Callender  116  water 
Romaine  J  P  118  water 
Ross  William  H  13  van  tromp 
Sanford  Giles  above  n  ferry 
Talcott  and  Hosmer  61  quay 
Tyler  Bullock  and  co  46  water 
Van  Etter  J  B  11  pier 
Van  Valkenburgh  B  689  broadway 
Vose  Franklin  upper  end  pier 
W  hippie  S  water  n  canal  lock 
Whitlock  Robert  cor  water &quackenbush 
Williams  C  P  and  co  29  pier 
Wilson  and  Mead  above  n  ferry 

Machinists 

Battel  Mellen  cor  orange  and  water 
Dwelle  Albert  15  church 
Jagger  Treadwell  and  Perry  110  beaver 
Lloyd  Thomas  cor  John  and  quay 
Low 

Pollard  C  160  state 
Rodgers  John  33  lumber 
Townsend  F  and  co  cor  hawk  and  elk 
Wheeler  Melick  and  co  cor  union  and 

bamilion 

Mahogany. 

Meads  John  jr  549  broadway 
Merrifield  and  Wooster  49  s  pearl 

Maltsters. 
McCulloch  W  A  and  co  cor  dallius  and 

rensseluer 

(See  Brewert.) 


Marble  Manufacturers. 

Dixon  John  36  howard  cor  lodge 
Kenny  Thomas  K  232  state 

Masons. 
Hays  J  R  122  green 
Page  Peter  L  6  chesnut 
Todd  Adam  9  high 
Woodruff  Cyrus  30  grand 

Medicines. 

Herrick  and  co  6  james 
Mosher  and  co  49  Washington 
Perkins  and  Gardner  54  beaver 
Military  Goods. 
Meacham  R  S  84  state 
Wright  N  and  co  444  broadway 
Milliners. 

Adams  Mrs  88  Hamilton 
Allen  Mrs  Jane  48  orange 
Andrus  Miss  21  steuben 
Anslee  Mrs  48  Washington 
Blanchurd  J  W  515  broadway 
Boyd  Mrs  31  green 
Brayton  Misses  47  green 
Courier  Miss  Ann  47  Washington 
Creswell  Mrs  12  s  pearl 
Davidson  Miss  46  Hudson 
Easion  Mrs  Betsey  69  n  pearl 
Ellis  Miss  S  4  s  pearl 
Getty  Miss  37£  s  pearl 
Gill  Mrs  E  6S  s  pearl 
Gilmore  L  540  broadway 
Gough  Mr*  589  broadway 
Gracie  Mrs  608  broadway 
Harris  Mrs  45  green 
Hempstead  Elizabeth  524  broadwav 
Keeler  Mrs  C  105  lydiua 
Kimball  Misses  86  Washington 
Law  Miss  83  n  pearl 
McCormick  Mrs  43  orange 
McKinney  Miss  44  s  pearl 
Newton  Miss  8  n  pearl 
Purcell  Frances  704  broadway 
Rawson  Mrs  E  330  broadway 
Roberts  Mrs  74  chapel 
Singer  Miss  50  s  pearl 
Waterman  Miss  20  s  pearl 
Winants  Mrs  37  s  penrl 
Wooley  Mrs  6  3  pearl 

Morocco. 

Colbern  Peter  cor  arr*h  and  dallius 
Guest  and  Laney  43  dean 

Music  Teachers. 
Austin  Miss  Mary  64  westerlo 
Cone  II  R   151  Hamilton 
Cone  Solomon  21  jay 
Goold  Henry  47  s  pearl 
(iourley  Mrs  117  n  pearl 
Maeder 

Packard  Russel  122  Washington 
Robinson  Thomas  L  38  n  peart 
Shaw  O  J  793  broadway 
and  others 


Business  Directory. 


221 


Newspaper  Depots. 

Cook  Peter  464  broad  way 
Gilbert  P  L  under  museum 

Newspaper  Offices. 
Argus  exchange  building 
Atlas  law  building 
Common  School  Journal  67  state 
Cultivator  407  broadway 
Dutchman  broadway 
Express  1  green 

Freeholder  cor  Washington  and  hawk 
Journal  cor  state  and  james 
Knickerbacker  museum  building 
Messenger  broadway 
Palladium  broadway 
Spectator  broadway 
Switch  beaver 

Notaries. 
Fondey  Isaac  city  bank 
Jenkins  John  F  7  commercial  building 
Lee  Noah  exchange  bank 
Nurses. 

Barragar  Harriet  166  hudson 
Birdsall  Eliza  83  bleecker 
Bishop  Elizabeth  31  second  arbor  hill 
Bo  yd  Mrs  25  wilson 
Defreest  Mrs  19  Columbia 
Flansburgh  Jemima  825  broadway 
Godfrey  Abbe  L  134  n  pearl 
Lewis  Widow  Sarah  12  norton 
Lisk  Sarah  17  Washington 
Morrison  Mary  204  s  pearl 
Patten  Mrs  66  chapel 
Sickles  Mary  174  n  pearl 
Tetor  Ann  154  orange 
Visscher  Eliza  71  lumber 
Wands  Mrs  20  s  lansing 
Whitney  Catharine  70  second 
Wiley  Lydia  17  franklin 
Wood  Eliza  25  van  woert 

Oil-cloth  Factories. 

Meech  IT  T  5  grand 

Russell  E  and  son  501  broadway 

Oysters. 

Aldrich  Adam  36  westerlo 
Barnes  S  S  774  broadway  [ilton 

Burbanks  C  &  G  cor  broadway  and  ham- 
Carle  James  F  84  Washington 
Cowell  R  254  broadway 
Cowell  and  Higby  77  state 
Miicnamee  and  Cowell  94  quay 
Parker  Joseph  606  broadway 
Radley  William  81  canal 
Scott  John  48  s  pearl 
Thomas  and  Jones  291  broadway 
Traber  Charles  19  lodge 
Van  Bramer  113  pier 

Painters. 

Aid  en  Stephen  H  20  beaver 
Gladding  Freeman  12  william 
Gladding  G  W  93  state 
Gladding  Joseph  93  state 
Gladding  T  C  49  hawk 


Gladding  and  Morrill  484  broadway 
Gregory  L  R  32  green 
Hinkley  and  Holmes  trotter's  alley 
Hurclis  John  9  church 
Hutchins  S  B  10  beaver 
Porter  Ira  535  broadway 
Rogers  Stephen  617  broadway 
Seaion  George  E  2«>1  s  pearl 
Vedder  John  S  lOSlydius 

Paints,  Oils,  and  Glass 
Davis  Joseph  and  co  78  state 
Ford  and  Grant  cor  Washington  and  hawk 
McCIure  A  and  co  74  state 
Pulling  H  P  70  state 
Russell  E  and  son  501  broadway 
Wharton  W  A  381  broadway 

Paper-hangings. 
Harris  D  jr  8  green 
Irwin  William  336  broadway 
Richardson  William  60  s  pearl 
Steele  and  co  360  broadway 

Paper  Warehouses. 
Pierce  J  M  75  Washington 
Whitney  and  Bennett  59  state 

Passenger  Agents. 
Morse  and  Osterhout  6  maiden  lane 
Morse  C  L  and  co  78  quay 
Nelligan  David  cor  Hamilton  and  quay 
Osborn  E  36  quay 
Ross  John  J  145  third 
Van  Valkenburgh  &  co  cor  quay  &  hodge 
Weed  Henry,  77  lawrence 

Pattern-makers. 
Gibbs  S  W  25  green 
Clement  H  6  james 

Physicians. 
Adams  H  91  state 
Armsby  J  H  669  broadwaj 
Bay  William  22  n  pearl 
Beck  T  Romeyn  29  elk 
Bigelow  U  G  30  s  pearl 
Boyd  James  P  cor  hudson  and  grand 
Brown  James  M  97  herkimer 
Bucklin  Daniel  D  618  broadway 
Burton  R  J  (thomsonian)  66  chapel 
Campbell  John  60  chapel 
Cogswell  Mason  F  13  n  pearl 
Cooke  George  3  norton 
Cox  James  cor  green  and  lydius 
Cunningham  Samuel  P  112  church 
Dean  N  S  (botanic)  19  norton 
Elmendorf  P  E  cherry  hill 
Emmons  Ebenezer  159  hudson 
Fay  Henry  B  5  n  pearl 
Fonda  D  E  97  s  pearl 
Cannon  Patrick  690  broadway 
Geoghegan  William  116  green 
Griffin  C  C  789  broadway 
Heinsius  Otto  cor  hudson  and  union 
Herrick  Lewis  R  6  james 
Hinkley  John  W  33  hudson 
Hun  Thomas  36  maiden  lane 
Jones  E  D  (homoeopathic)  34  lodge 


222 


Business  Directory. 


Kane  Hazel  53  Washington 

La  Barte  John  105  herkimer 

Lesczynski  Albert  cor  broadway  &  lumb 

Levi  Joseph  134  s  pearl 

Lockrow  V  B  56  beaver 

McMurdy  R  S  24  second  arbor  hill 

McNaughton  James  54  n  pearl 

McNaughton  Peter  556  broadway 

March  Alden  72  hudson 

Markey  N  74  green 

Martin  David  cor  Columbia  and  broadway 

Masten  William  L  118  lydius 

Paine  Henry  D  (homoeopathic)  70  chapel 

Paine  John  A  (homoeop.)  563  broadway 

Quackenbush  J  V  P  87  n  pearl 

Rossman  J  B  cor  lydius  and  green 

Russell  A  W  (botanic)  88  beaver 

Sheldon  B  A  cor  state  and  hawk 

Sperry  Rufus  D  70s  n  pearl 

Staats  B  P  53  n  pearl 

Staats  P  P  42  lydius 

Stanton  W  B  (botanic)  109  s  pearl 

Swinburne  John  66  eagle 

Thompson  R  H  1  Washington 

Townsend  Howard  64  state 

Townsend  John  F  2  academy  park 

Trotter  J  H  654  broadway 

Van  Antwerp  (magnetic)  william  st 

Van  Buren  John  3  Washington 

Van  Buren  Peter  115  green 

Van  Olinda  P  cor  green  and  hamilton 

Wendell  Peter  7  academy  park 

Wendell  Herman        " 

Westervelt  Gerrit  (botanic)  71  beaver 

Willard  S  D  franklin  house 

Wiltsie  David  31  Columbia 

Wing  Joel  A  1  Washington 

Wood  J  L  cor  s  pearl  and  hudson 

Pianofortes. 

Ballantine  and  Barhydt  22  union 
Boardman  and  Gray  4  n  pearl 
Burns  Francis  P  5  james 
Tlsley  F  I  525  broadway 
Mayer  and  Collier  519  broadway 
Meacham  R  S  84  state 
Wood  and  Gombel  13  n  pearl 

Plane-makers. 
Bensen  and  Crannell  cor  state  and  lodge 
Bensen  and  Munsell  42  howard 
Gibson  John  cor  water  and  spencer 

Porter-houses. 

Adams  John  31  hamilton 
Anthony  Jacob  7  maiden  lane 
Basher  Joseph  1 17  arch 
Bendal  Edward  cor  arch  and  broad 
Bergeron  M  1  division 
Briggs  W  W  28  maiden  lane 
Buckbee  Daniel  6  stanwix  hall 
Cane  Jesse  31  union 
Chambers  Thomas  79  s  pearl 
Crannell  J  W  101  s  pearl 
Dee  Mrs  38  n  pearl 
Elmendorf  John  163  broadway 


Farrell  Thomas  25  church 

Flynn  John  3  division 

Gabel  Nicholas  140  monigomery 

Gould  James  lower  end  s  pearl 

House  William  All  maiden  lane 

Hughes  John  cor  lydius  and  dallius 

Jacobs  L  C  104  pier 

Kranz  John  8  rose 

Kreuder  George  15  montgomery 

Lenny  William  29  hamiltou 

Lovell  Richard  62  beaver 

Luce  Waller  basement  exchange 

McCotter  Henry  10  Columbia 

McGowan  William  4  beaver 

Molloy  Joseph  3  clean 

Peebles  John  14  beaver 

Quin  Charles  4  howard 

Hector  John  279  s  pearl 

Reuter  George  153  broadway 

Rose  J  18  Washington 

Shallow  John  33  hamilton 

Van  Horn  Fredas  167  s  pearl 

Welch  William  cor  green  and  mulberry 

Portrait  Painters. 
Gladding  T  A  41  s  pearl 
Palmer  Sylvanus  22  douw's  building 
Prime  Augustus  496  broadway 
Shaver  V  P  25  van  schaick 
Taggart  J  G  mansion  house 
Twitchell  A  W  593  broadway 
Van  Zandt  T  K  75  knox 
Wagner  M  D  delavan  house 
Wilkies  T  98  state 

Potter's  Ware. 

Smith  David  65  lark 

Wallace  Oliver  103  orange 

Gott  and  Palmer  cor  hudson  and  hawk 

Printers. 
Andrews  E  arbor  hill 
Hastings  H  J  museum  building 
Kilmer  C  6  james 
Munsell  Joel  58  slate 
New  John  10  beaver 
Romaine  B  F  334  broadway 
Stone  Henry  cor  green  and  state 
Van  Benthuysen  C  407  broadway 
Van  Dyck  H  H  law  brilding 
Weed  Parsons  and  co  67  state 

Printers  on  Copperplate. 

Cooper  D  M  480  broadway 

Gavit  and  Duthie  exchange  building 

Merchant  80  state 

Pease  R  H  516  broadway 

Produce. 

Appleton  William  145  Washington 
Bedell  Daniel  162  Washington 
Carmichael  James  4  exchange 
Crauford  R  B  8  exchange 
Grant  and  Sayles  61  quay 
Hallenbeck  M  1.7  hudson 
Hawley  Cyrus  192  Washington 
Higgins  Robert  264  Washington 
Rattoone  William  197  Washington 


Business  Directory. 


223 


Smith  Patten  and  co  39  quay 
Wheeler  H  R  6  exchange 
Wing  and  Byrne  90  quay 

Provision  dealers. 

Avery  and  co  351  and  353  broadway 

Chapman  .1  A  and  co  3  state 

Crook  and  Palmer  9  state 

Cusliman  and  co  20  state 

Cushman  P  C  and  uo  198  hamilton 

Goffe  W  B  and  J  84  n  pearl 

Hawkins  H  D  44  quay 

Jones  John  675  broadway 

Judson  Tchabod  L  41  quay 

Kerr  W  and  J  cor  s  pearl  and  howard 

L'Amoure  T  E  and  G  39  Washington 

Lathrop  Dyer  89  Washington 

Lord  Joseph  and  son  29  Washington 

McCann  Felix  45  quay 

McCulloch  John  12  exchange 

McElroy  T  cor  maiden  lane  and  dean 

Merchant  L  &  W  71  quay 

Peck  S  S  8  state 

Perry  Eli  87  Washington 

Sanders  J  B  and  co  72  quay 

Smith  Ralph  72  Washington 

Williams  W  C  289  Washington 

Real  Estate  Agents. 

Clark  and  Jones  73  state 
Fellows  and  Davis  20  green 
Fitzpatrick  Anthony  F  38  steuben 
Scovel  A  douw's  building 

Refectories. 

Acker  P  basement  museum 

Adams  William  cor  state  and  green 

Anthony  John  96  state 

Armstrong  William  cor  arch  and  s  pearl 

Battersby  James  cor  patroon  and  n  pearl 

Bedell  Richard  centre  market 

Bergeron  Joseph  cor  lydius  and  church 

Bradt  William  252  broadway 

Cassidy  Henry  36  water 

Charles  George  H  cor  green  &  herkimer 

Duff  John  All  montgomery 

Franks  John  17  hamilton 

Galvin  John  lock  number  1 

Harris  James  B  douw's  building 

Harlwell  William  580  broadway 

Hewson  Joseph  196  water 

Houck  P  and  J  3  s  pearl 

Johnson  Daniel  C  20  lydius 

McCardell  pier  foot  state  and  15  bea  -er 

McClusky  B  cor  church  and  s  lansing 

Maver  and  Gladding  130  state 

Miles  James  R  cor  broadway  and  maiden 

lane 

Moore  Andrew  258  s  pearl 
Reasoner  Peter  basement  exchange 
Rice  George  E  cor  ferry  and  broadway 
Ruso  F  and  F  cor  stale  and  pearl 
Strain  J  F  basement  exchange 
Taylor  and  Leslie  27  hudson 
Thayer  W  B  24  beaver 
Wilson  J  29  hudson 


Saddles,  Trunks,  &  Harness. 

Bell  James  N  473  broad  way- 
Booth  Alfred  105  s  pearl 
Clandenuing  William  607  broadway 
Lloyd  and  McMicken  342  broadway 
McChesney  E  545  broadway 
Slason  E  B  375  broadway 
Smith  William  311  broatlw.iy 
Traver  George  24  Washington 
Van  Vlack  William  85  s  pearl 
Whitney  Charles  6  n  lansing 
Whitney  James  10  little,  basin 

Sail-makers. 
Disney  John  69  quay 
Moakley  Peter  cor  hamilton  and  quay 

Sash-makers. 
Easterly  Thomas  44  elm 
Fowler  Gilbert  C  96  herkimer 
Rose  boom  Charles  94  hudson 

Saw-filers. 

Anson  Levinus  82  ferry 
Hermans  C  J   127  beaver 
Topping  S  7  norton 

Seed  Stores. 

Emery  H  L  396  broadway 
Thorburn  William  corner  broadway  and 
maiden  lane 

Sextons. 

Blackall  James  1st  presbyterian  43  beaver 

Davison  B  C  near  s  pearl  baptist  church 

Ensign  Guy  ferry  st  method  1st  church 

Litchfield  John  n  methodist  church 

Pangburn  W  36  spring 

Pottenbergh  H  north  method  ist 

Van  Bergen  P  cor  van  schaick  and  chapel 

Vandenburgh  A  38  beaver 

Wallace  Moses  2  franklin  place 

Watson  Stephen  23  dove 

Weaver  D  L  65  green 

Wiley  William  ferry  st  melhodist 

Winne  SP  1 18  n  pearl 

Skippers. 

Austin  Jeremiah  92  beaver 

Barnard  George  T  60  n  lansing 

Buckbee  E  27  dewitt 

Burns  Walter  23  rensselaer 
j  Cassidy  George  128  s  pearl 
I  Ford  Eliakim  120  green 

Gillespie  Josiah  62  westerlo 
!  Green  M  R  277  lydius 
I  McEntee  Thomas  S  100  spring 
i  Mink  David  8  ferry 

Murray  H  L  60  westerlo 
I  Page  Nicholas  122  n  pearl 
I  Sherwood  Stephen  A  115  church 
!  Silsby  Thomas  17  franklin 
i  Winne  Gilbert  219  lumber 

Soap  and  Candles. 

Hartness  John  and  co  56  jackson 
Strain  Joseph  cor  church  and  herkimer 
Taylor  and  sons  83  green 
Ten  Eyck  M  H  70  green 


224 


Business  Directory. 


Ten  Eyck  J  H  and  co  17  s  laming 
Wells  Agur  177  s  pearl 

Soda  Manufacturers. 
Hand  and  Murtlia  cor  Howard  and  s  pearl 
Harris  Jol.ii  cor  broadway  and  exchange 

Stonecutters. 

Gray  Alexander  cor  franklin  and  John 
Jones  James  D  65  herkimer 

Stove  Dealers. 
Baker  C  A  10  green 
Baker  Samuel  16  green 
Callanan  and  Wilson  13  green 
Clark  J  H  and  co  4  green 
Coughtry  Robert  T  33  Washington 
Gregory  E  H  and  co  97  green 
Harvey  Francis  7  green 
Hermance  John  C  G39  broadway 
Hoy  John  15  green 
Learned  B  P  and  co  8  maiden  lane 
McCoy  Clark  and  co  13  green 
McLoughlin  C  22  hud  son 
Pasco  E  L  5  green 
Quackenboss  Angus  14  state 
Ransom  S  H  and  co  26  state 
Rathbone  and  co  9  green 
Seger  Peter  44  Washington 
Shear  J  H  17  green 

Tremere  &  Wands  cor  beaver  and  green 
Van  Wormer  and  McGarvey  14  green 
Vose  and  co  cor  maiden  lane  and  dean 

Stove-works. 
Cobb  William  192  Washington 
Jagger  Tread  well  and  Perry  110  beaver 
McCoy  Clark  and  co  monigomery 
Potts  Jesse.  C  cor  hamillon  and  grand 
Quackenboss  A  water 
Ransom  and  co  broadway  below  s  ferry 
Rathbone  and  co  n  ferry 
Vose  and  co  cor  broadway  and  basselt 
Steam  Sawing  and  Planing. 
Gibson  John  cor  water  and  spencer 
Warren  Clement  cor  water  &  quackenb 

Tailors  and  Drapers. 
Booth  William  47  high 
Carpenter  and  Kirk  71  state 
Chatterson  J  cor  broadway  and  church 
Cook  Thomas  cor  hudson  and  broadway 
Cooney  Michael  495  broadway 
Davis  R  C  3  exchange 
Duesler  Daniel  4S4£  broadway 
Evans  Robert  103s  pearl 
Freeman  Robert  482  broadway 
Harvey  James  M  468  broadway 
Howe  S  B  481  broadway 
Kirk  Abram  497  broadway 
Lee  T  E  and  T  471  broadway 
Muir  William  O   52  state 
Relyea  Peter  446  broadway 
Sard  Grange  448  broadway 
Shamler  William  3  stanwix  hall 
Shepard  J  G  431  broadway 
Shepard  S  S  313  broadway 
Thorn  William  13  beaver 


Topp  William  H  546  broadway 
Tailoresses. 

Arms  Mrs  54  division 
Claudius  Julius  50  church 
Reynolds  Miss  E  73  lumber 
Waldron  Maria  20  daniels 
Wood  Emeliiie  43  orange 

Teachers. 

Adams  E  S  59  grand 

Anthony  C  H  eagle  st 

Baldwin  AT  119  n  pearl 

Brinckerhoff  Mrs  112  state 

Bulkley  J  W  172  n  pearl 

Campbell  Rev  W  H  albany  academy 

Gamine  Misses  18  van  tromp 

Crane  Mary  125  hamilton 

Goeway  Magdalen  20  orange 

Hall  H  T  7  n  pearl 

Heely  Emma  A  orphan  asylum 

Heely  Orissa  orphan  asylum 

Helme  Joseph  J  140  spring 

Hughes  William  H  cor  ferry  and  dallius 

Johnson  Jeanette  R  10  rose 

Lord  Mrs  Sarah  L  19  philip 

McKaig  Andrew  36  grand 

Marble  Joel  218 'state 

Matthews  N  W  arbor  hill 

Merrifield  Elizabeth  11  grand 

Millard  Nehemiah  117  green 

Parsons  L  Sprague  female  academy 

Perkins  G  R  normal  school 

Purdy  Mrs  13dallius 

Reynolds  John  350  lyd i us 

Sessions  Rev  John  albany  academy 

Skerritt  Misses  4  high 

Steele  Samuel  52  westerlo 

Ten  Eyck  P  female  academy 

Trumbull  R  157  lydius 

Valentine  Thomas  182  Washington 

Wrightson  William  T 

Zelie  James  228  state 

Teachers  of  Dancing. 

Deuchar  Alexander  60  n  pearl 
Graves  A  G  80  s  pearl 
Shaw  Eleanor  T  153  state 

Tin-plate  and  Sheet-iron 
"Workers. 

Austin  William  cor  green  and  hudson 
Bailey  Edward  84£  s  pearl 
Baker  Charles  5SO  broadway 
Blakeman  E  C  92  state 
Born  Joseph  C  90  green 
Brooks  David  Washington 
Delehanty  Michael  26  beaver 
Fuller  Amasa  638  broadway 
Griffin  John  716  broadway 
McLoughlin  C  22  hudson 
Sager  Peter  44  Washington 
Van  Wormer  and  McGarvey  14  green 
Whalen  Thomas  13  church 
Whitney  and  duett  18  beaver 


Business  Directory. 


225 


Tobacco,  Snuff  and  Cigars. 

Brower  and  Teelin  35  Washington 
Davis  D  L  cor  church  and  lydius 
Gott  John  7  james 
Greer  Alexander  822  broadway 
Payn  am!  McNaughtun  447  broadway 
Ridder  T  B  78  s  pearl 
Sprague  Horace  54  dean 
Van  Cott  P  T  616  broadway 

Type  &  Stereotype-founders. 

Munsell  J  53  ssate 
Van  Benthuysen  C  407 

Umbrellas. 
Weaver  Daniel  L  65  green 
Adams  G  88  hamilton 

Upholsterers. 

Blair  A  and  co  36  green 
Morange  P  M  502  broadway 

Variety  Stores. 
Carter  George  T  446  broadway 
Harley  Edward  cor  s  pearl  and  schuyler 
Mascord  William  620  broadway 
Nixon  R  16£  s  pearl 
Pease  R  H  516  broadway 
Reid  John  652  broadway 
Taylor  Mrs  51  s  pearl 
Van  Schaack  E  385  broadway 

Victuallers. 
Putnam  Elisha  709  broadway 
Putnam  James  A  north  market 
Safford  Peter  21  philip 
Stilwell  &  Collins  cor  green  and  division 
Swartz  George  centre  market 
Todd  Dorman  and  co  580  broadway 
Todd  Robert  776  broadway 
Watches,  Jewelry  and  Plate. 
Arms  N  T  42  s  pearl 
Carson  David  98  state 
Carson  Thomas  98  state 
Crew  J  T  88  state 
Cutler  J  N  33  beaver 
Given  A  550  broadway 
Hascy  Alexander  R  33  state 
Hascy  Nelson  34  state 
Hood  and  Tobey  44  state 
Hoyt  George  B  394  broadway 
McHarg  Alexander  12  green 
Marsh  B  405  broadway 
Mix  James  24  green 
Mix  Visscher  14  £  green 
Mulford  and  Wendell  480  broadway 
Rice  J  T  21  s  pearl 
Simpson  and  Beckel  408  broadway 
Waterman  George  82  state 

Wheelwrights. 

Mascraft  William  23  Washington 
Spring  Hiram  76  church 

"Wine,  Cider  and  Vinegar. 
Latham  and  Halsier  13  howard 
Spanier  Louis  801  broadway 

Wines,  Teas,  &c. 
Hendrickson  M  and  J  2  hudson 


Jordan  Matthew  553  broadway 
Mitchell  William  361  broadway 
Satterlee  E  R  and  E  61  slate 

Wood. 

Judson  Isaac  E  78  water 
Leonard  Jacob  96  willett 
Luther  J  P  and  G  W  26  quay 
McAuley  Michael  cor  arch  and  dallius 
Strevel  and  Zeh  22  quay 
Taylor  166  broadway 
Wilbur  and  Townsend  175  broadway 

Wooden-ware,  &C. 
Bicknell  B  397  broadway 
Williams  W  II  and  co  511  broadway 

Wool. 

Chapin  Lyman  44  quay 
Knower  John  31  hudson 
Newman  Henry  457  broadway 

Miscellaneous. 

Artists'    materials — James  S   Gould    413 

broadway 

Band  and  fnncy  boxes  —  Miss  Frances  Gal- 
pin  43  maiden  lane. 

Basket  maker  —  Dominick  Rossle  338  bow- 
ery 

Baths  —  N  S  Dean  19  norton 
Bell  founder — Danu-1  Curtiss  23  church 
Bell  hanger  — J  &  W  J  Blackall  corner 

hamilton  and  fulton 
Bird  slujfer  —PI  Roberts  377  S'ate 
Bone  dealer —  R  H  Thompson  7  clinton 
Bonnet  and  straw  goods  —  Joseph  Walker 

536  broadway 

Bonnet  bleacher —  M  L  Cutler  442^  broad- 
way 

Brush  maker —  J  B  Armour  389  broadway 
Camphine  —  S  T  Thorn  corner  broadway 

and  church 

Carver —  Henry  H  Farnham  55  colonie 
Chemist  —  Ebenezer  Emmons  159  hudson 
Civil  engineer   and    surveyor  —  R   V   De 

Witt  56  state 
Clothes  cleaner  —  William  Ogden,     base. 

ment  exchange 

Coach  painter —  John  W  Johnson  90  green 
Combs  and  fancy  goods —  B  R  <fe  R  L  Spel- 
man  corner  broadway  and  maiden  lane 
Coroner — Levi  Chapman  50  chapel 
Corsets— Mrs  Cook  36  S  Pearl  up  stairs 
Crier  —  Peter  Ben  east  albany 
Die  sinkers  —  Daniel  True  26  green 
Draughtsman  — E     Forbes   9    exchange 

buildings 

Dredger  d-c—  S  N  Payn?698  broadway 
Drum  maker  —  George  Kilbourn  1.30   Or. 

ange 
Fancy  box  maker—  Frederick   G  Kaulseh 

63  green 

Feed  store  —John  Dailey  78  church 
File    cutter  — ScMey  and   Linsenbolz    21 

church 

Fire  engines  — John  Rodgers  33  lumber 
Fishing  tackle  —  Steele  &  Warren  66  state 


226 


Furnaces  and  ranges—  William  Cobb  192 

Washington 
Glue  manufacturer —  Thomas  Coulson  590 

bowery 

Gold  beater —  William  Barrett  49  hudson 
Grate  manufactory — Henderson  &  Weller 

584  broadway 

Grindstones  —  Nathan  Davis  77  quay 
Hay  —  John  Hilton  cor  herkimer  and  quay 
Hosiery  —  Mrs   Wiley  42  south  pearl 
Images — Clemente  Tozoni  610  broadway 
India   rubber    goods — James     Mc-Mullen 

386  broadway 

Iron  Foundry  —  P  W  Lamb  45  liberty 
Linseed  oil — Deyermand  &  Davis  1  broad- 
way 
Lithographer—  R    H  Pease   561    broad. 

way 

lumber  inrpector — John  Cornick  29  pier 
ffailor  —  William  McClusky  1(53  spring 
Night  scavenger  —  Joseph  Dibble  64  clin- 

ton 

Oculist—  G  A  Knapp  496  broadway 
Oil  —  Wickes  &  Tillinghast  13  hudson 
Optical  instruments  —  Joseph  Gall     30 

green  » 

Patent  agencu  —  R  V  De  \Vitt  56  state 
Pension    agent  —  L    Jenkins    mechanics' 

and  farmers'  bank 
Plumbers—  F  W  Ridgway  1 15  state. 
Plumb  level  —  J  W  Andrews  corner  hud- 
son and  high 

Reporter  —  William  G  Bishop  111  hudson 
Screw  dock  —  Hiram   Fanning  corner  co- 

jumbia  and  dock 
Shade    manufacturer  —  Gaylord    Heath    2 

park 
Ship  chandler  —  Leonard  D  Shaw  1  slate 


Public  Places,  Offices,  fyc. 


Skip  stores  —  Cole  and  Van  Nostrand   61 

quay 
Silk  and  worsted  trimming-  —  Miss  M  Van 

Horn  597  n  pearl 
Silver-wa-e  manufacture  —  Godley  &  John- 

son  6  liberty 

Silver  plate  —  William  Brown  13  church 
Silvtr  smith  —  Hall  Hewsen  &  Brower   10 

plain 

Stationer—  G  Cogswell  21  fayetle 
Sinter  —  James  Dicksou  65  beaver 
Staves  and  lumber  —  Talcot  &  Hostner,  61 

quay 

Si  earn  feed  mill  —  Orias  Hall  broailway 
Surgical  instruments  —  Edward  Owens  28 

beaver 
Surveyors  —  J  D  Elliott    stanwix  hall,    G 

W  Carpenter  city  hall,  —  Ellis  cooper's 

building 

Sweep  —  Charles  Gibbons  82  van  schaick 
Tnllnw    chandler  —  George    W    Paige    70 

canal 
Tea.  dealers  W  S  &  C  C   Greenwood  598 

broad  way 
Teacher  of  french  —  3  Molinard  2  park 

place 

Twiner —  George  Jones  52  chapel 
Vndertaktr —  George  Patterson  52  hudson 
Weigher  and  measurer  —  Peter  Cure    4 1 

philip 
Whitesmith  —  John  Lossing  217  washing. 

ton 

Whiteirasher  —  Jacob  Wickham  246  lydius 
Wood  measurer  —  John  J  Lagrange  hamil- 

tou  w  dove 

Worsted  store  —  Mrs  Paepke  23  n  pearl 
Yankee  notions  —  Hezekiah  Dickerman  55 

Washington 


PUBLIC  PLACES,  OFFICES,  &c. 


Adjitant  General's  Office,  Capitol. 

Albany  Academy,  Academy  Park. 

Albany  Alms-house,  south  Lydius 
west  Delaware  turnpike. 

Albany  Apprentices'  Library, 
Hudson 

Albany  and  Boston  Railroad  Office, 
Stanwix  Hall,  cor  Maiden  lane 
and  Dean. 

Albany  Bethel,  Montaomery. 

Albany  Bursesses  Corps  Armory, 
cor  Broadway  and  Hamilton. 

Albany  Emmet  Guards,  379  Broad- 
way. 

Albany  Female  Academy,  N  Pearl. 


Albany  Female  Seminary,  67  Divi- 
sion. 
Albany   Gallery   Fine    Arts,     528 

Broadway. 
Albany   Insurance    Company,     56 

State. 
Albany    Medical    College,     Eagle 

between  Lancaster  and  Jay. 
Albany  Merchants'  Exchange, 

Broadway  foot  of  State. 
Albany  Mineral  Spring,  Ferry  near 

S  Pearl. 
Albany  Museum,  cor  State  and 

Broadway. 
Albany  Nursery,  Western  turnpike 

two  miles  out. 


Public  Places,  Offices , 


Albany  Post-office,  Merchants' Ex- 
change. 

Albany   Republican  Artillery  Ar- 
mory, 379  Broadway. 
Albany  Washington  Riflemen,  379 

Broadway. 

Albany   Waterworks,    Eagle,   Co- 
lumbia and  Steuben. 
Albion   Hotel,    cor  Herkimer   and 

Broadway. 

American  Hotel,  100  Stale. 
Apothecaries'  Hall,   cor  State  and 

N  Pearl. 

Axe  Company,  11  Steuben. 
Banks. 

Albany  City  Bank,  47  State. 

Albany    Exchange    Bank,    Ex 
change  Building. 

Albany  Savings  Bank,  40  State. 

Bank  of  Albany,  42  Slate. 

Commercial  Bank,  40  State. 

Mechanics'  and  Farmers'  Bank, 
cor  Broadway  and  Exchange. 

New  York  State  Bank,  69  State. 
Baptist  Churches. 

First  Baptist  Church,  Green,  be- 
tween Hamilton  and  Division. 

Second  Baptist  Church,  N  Pearl. 

Third  Baptist  Church,  cor  State 
and  High. 

Fourth  Baptist  Church,  S  Pearl. 

Baptist  Church,  African,  Hamil- 
ton, west  of  Pearl 
Beardsley's  Hotel.  28  Washington. 
Bergeron's  Albany  House,  cor  Ly- 

dius  and  Church. 
Bleecker  Hall,  531  Broadway. 
Blunt's  Building,  cor  State  &  Pearl. 
Boston  R.  R.  Temperance  House, 

37  Dean. 

Boston  Hotel,  15  Dean. 
Boston  Packet  Office,  102  Pier. 
Broadway  House,  Johnson's,   256 

Broadway. 
Broadway    House,    Mrs.    Paris's, 

61S  Broadway. 

Chamberlain's  Office,  City  Hall. 
Canal  Collector's  Office,  198  Water. 
Capitol,  head  of  State. 
Catholic  Churches. 

Cathedral,  cor  Eagle,  Jefferson 
and  Lydius. 


227 


German    Catholic   Church,    cor 
Philip  and  Hamilton 

St  John's  Church,  Ferry. 

St  Joseph's  Church,  cor  Lumber 
and  N  Pearl 

St  Mary's  Church,  cor  Pine  and 

Chapel. 
Centre  Market,    S  Pearl  between 

Howard  and  Beaver. 
City  Hall  Coffee  House,  cor  Eagle 

and  Maiden  lane 
City  Hotel,  Broadway. 
City  Hall,    Eagle  fronting  Wash- 
ington. 

City  Marshal,  City  Hall. 
City  Surveyor,  City  Hall. 
Clinton  Holel,  cor  Soulh  Pearl  and 

Beaver. 
Commercial  Buildings,  cor  Hudson 

and  Broadway. 

Complroller's  Office,  State  Hall. 
Congress  Hall,  cor  Washington  and 

the  Park. 

Cooke's  JNews  Office,   464   Broad- 
way. 
Cooper's  Building,    cor  State  and 

Green. 

County  Clerk's  Office,  City  Hall. 
County  Treasurer's  Office,    corner 

Broadway  &,  Steuben,  up  stairs. 
Court  of  Appeals,  2d  floor  Capitol. 
Delavan  House,  Broadway. 
Douw's   Buildings,  cor  Broadway 

and  Stale. 

Dutch  Tavern,  41  Liberty. 
Eagle    St.    Hotel,    cor   Eagle   and 

Daniel. 

Eastern  Holel,  144  Broadway. 
Emigrant  Association  Office,   foot 

of  Hamilton. 
Engine  No.  1,  11  Chapel. 

do       No  .2, 

do      No.  3,  attached  to  Alms- 
house 

do       No.  4,  75  Grand. 

do       No.  5,  236  Washington. 

do       No.  6,  cor  HawU&Fayette. 

do       No.  7,  41  Hudson. 

do       No.  8,  Broadway. 

do       No.  9, 

do      No.  10,  Wilson. 


228 


Public  Places,  Offices, 


Engine  No.  11, 

do       No   12,  Arbor  hill. 
Episcopal  Churches 

Church  of  the  Holy  Innocents, 
cor  Colonie  and  North  Pearl. 

Grace  Church,  Spring. 

St  Paul's  Church,  S  Pearl. 

St  Peter's  Church,  cor  State  and 

Lodge. 
Exchange  Coffee  House,  270 

Broadway. 

Exchange  Hotel,  25  Maiden  lane. 
Farmer's  Hotel,  42  Washington. 
Farmer's  Inn,  157  Washington. 
Firemen's  Insurance  Company, 

Cooper's  Building. 
Fountain  Inn.  926  Broadway. 
FranKlin  House,  State. 
Fuller's  Albany  and'Troy  Express, 

464  Broadway. 
Gas  Light  Company's  Works,    cor 

Arch  and  Grand 
General    Stage    Office,    under  the 

Museum 

Geological  Musem,  Old  State  Hall. 
Gilbert's  News  Office,   cor   Broad- 
way and  State. 

Greene  &  Co.  's  Express,  Exchange 
Hook  and  Ladder  No.  1,  34  Plain, 
do  No.  2,  Patroon. 

Hose  Company  No.  1,  34  Plain. 
Hudson-street  Temperance  House, 

10  and  12  Hudson. 
Jail,  cor  Eagle  and  Howard. 
Jenkinson's  Railroad  House,  2  and 

4  Dean. 
Johnson's  Northern   Express,     11 

Exchange. 
Justice's  Court,     over  the  Centre 

Market. 

Kearney's  Hotel,  173  Montgomery. 
Labraiche's  Hotel;    19  Hamilton. 
Lafayette  House,  19  Montgomery. 
Law  Buildings,  cor  Broadway  and 

Beaver. 

Lockwood's  Hotel,  65  Washington. 
Lumbermen's  Exchange,     Little 

Basin. 

Lumbermen's  Hotel,    in   Lumber- 
men's Exchange. 
Lutheran  Church,  corner  Pine  and 

Lodge. 


Lutheran   Church  German,    State 

near  Swan. 

Mansion  House,  470  Broadway. 
Mechanics' Benefit  Society,  Douw's 

Buildings. 
Mechanics'  and  Farmers'  Hotel,  38 

Hawk 
Methodist  Episcopal  Churches. 

African  Methodist  Church,  State, 
rear  of  District  School  No.  2. 

First  Methodist   Epis.    Church, 
Hudson,  above  Pearl. 

Second  Methodist  Epis.  Church, 
N  Pearl. 

Third  Methodist  Epis.   Church, 
cor  Ferry  and  Franklin. 

Fourth  Methodist  Epis.  Church, 
cor  Washington  and  Swan. 

Fifth   Methodist   Epis.    Church, 
Swan,  between  Lumber  and  3d. 

Wesleyan    Methodist,  N   Pearl, 

above  Patroon. 

Mineral  Spring  Garden,   58  Ferry. 
Mission   Sabbath  School,    Rensse- 

laer  between  Green  &.  Franklin. 
Mission  House  School,   140  Spring 

above  Lark. 

Mohawk  and  Hudson  Railroad  Of- 
fice, cor  Dean  and  Maiden  lane. 
Montoney's  Public  House,     15 

Washington. 

Mount  Vernon  Lo  Ige  of  Freema- 
sons, cor  Broadway  &,  Steuben. 
Munger's  Hotel,  cor  Lydius  and 

Dove. 

National  Garden,  772  Broadway. 
National  Hotel,  266  Broadway. 
Northern  Hotel,  cor  Broadway  and 

Orange. 
Normal  School,    cor   Chapel  and 

Howard. 

North  River  Hotel,  274  Broadway. 
Odd  Fellows'  Hall,    cor  Green  and 

Beaver,  and  Cooper's  Building. 
Orphan  Asylum,  head  Washington. 
Otsego  House,  74  Washington. 
Penitentiary,  Delaware  Turnpike. 
Pension  Office,   at  Mechanics'  and 

Farmers'  Bank. 
Phoenix  Hotel,  opposite  Steamboat 

Landing. 


Albany  County  Bible  Society. 


229 


Picture  Gallery,  41  S  Pearl. 
Police  Office,  over  Centre  Market. 
Presbyterian  Churches. 

First  Presbyterian  Ch.,  Hudson. 
Second     Presbyterian      Church, 

Chapel. 
Third  Presbyterian  Church,    cor 

Clinton  square  and  N  Pearl. 
Fourth      Presbyterian     Church, 

Broadway. 
Associate  Presbyterian  Church, 

cor  Chapel  and  Canal. 
Reformed  Presbyterian  Church, 

27  Westerlo. 

Reformed  Prot.  Dutch  Churches. 
First  Ref    Prot.  Dutch  Church, 

North  Pearl. 
Second  Ref.  Prot.  Dutch  Church, 

Beaver. 
Third  Ref.  Prot.  Dutch  Church, 

South  Ferry. 

Saratoga  House,  719  Broadway. 
Second    Advent    Chapel,     Blunt's 

Buildings. 
Secretary  of  State's  Office,    State 

Hall. 

Sheriff's  Office,   Jail. 
State    Arsenal,    Broadway  corner 

Lawrence. 
St  Charles.  Hudson. 
Slanwix  Hall,    cor  Broadway  and 

Maiden  lane. 

State  Agricultural  Society,     Old 
Slate  Hall. 


State  Hall,   Eagle  cor  Steuben  and 

Pine. 

State  House,  Eagle  street. 
Steam's  Inn.  163  S  Pearl. 
St  Vincent's  Orphan  Asylum,  N 

Pearl. 
Supreme  Court  Clerk's  Office,  State 

Hall. 

Surrogate's  Office,  State  Hall. 
Surveyor  General's   Office,     State 

Hall. 
Synag-ogue  Bethel  Jacob,  88  and  90 

Fulion. 

Synagogue,  Herkimer. 
Syracuse  House,  21$  Broadway. 
Tallman's  Hotel,  128  Water 
Telegraph  Office,  No.  2  Exchange 

Building. 
Telegraphery,    O'Reilley's,    under 

Museum. 
Temple  Lodge,     cor  Steuben  and 

Broadway. 

Unitarian  Chapel,  Division. 
Universalist  Church,     Green  near 

Hamilton  . 
United  States  Hotel,    91  Washing- 

ton. 

Washington  Hall,  South  Pear!. 
Washington  House,     17  Mont- 
gomery. 

Wells  &  Co.'s  Express,  Exchange. 
William  Tell  House,  91  Church. 
Wilson's  Hotel,  Hudson. 


ALBANY  COUNTY  BIBLE  SOCIETY. 

This  institution  seems  to  have  been  founded  in  1810.  The  first  annual 
sermon  was  preached  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Blatchford  on  the  12th  Feb' 
1811,  in  the  North  Dutch  Church.  It  was  incorporated  by  act  of  legis- 
lature, passed  April  8.  1811  The  managers  named  in  the  charter  were 
Rev.  John  M.  Bradford,  Rev.  William  Neill,  Rev.  Samuel  Blatchford, 
Harmanus  BlrecKer,  John  Stearns,  John  H.  Wendell.  Stephen  Van 
Rensselaer,  Philip  Van  Rensselaer,  Rev.  Eliphalet  Nott,  Abraham 
Van  Vechten,  John  Woodworth,  Douw  Fonda,  Rev.  John  McJimpsey, 
Rev.  Frederick  G.  Mayer.  On  the  6th  February,  1814,  a  sermon  was 


230 


Albany  County  Bible  Society. 


preached  by  Dr.  Nott  in  the  North  Dutch  Church,  in  aid  of  the  funds  of 
the  society,  when  a  collection  of  $271  was  taken.  The  society  has  been 
in  operation  nearly  39  years,  during  which  time  the  following. ministers 
have  preached  the  annual  sermon  by  appointment  : 


Samuel  Blatchford 1811 

Eliphalet  Nott   1812 

J.  M.  Bradford 1813 

William  Neill 1814 

Alexander  Proudfit 1815 

John  De  Witt 1816 

J.  M.  Bradford 1817 

John  Chester    1818 

A.  J.  Stansbury 1819 

Joseph  Shaw 1820 

Thomas  McAuley 1821 

Walter  Monteath 1822 

Henry  R.  Weed 1823 

John  Ludlow 1824 

James  Martin 1825 

James  Chiistie 1826 

Isaac  Ferris 1827 

Henry  R.  Weed 1828 

Mark  Tucker 1829 

E.  D.  Griffin 1330 


William  B.  Sprague. . . .  1831 

James  R.  Wilson ..  1832 

William  Lochead 1833 

J   N.  Campbell 1834 

William  James 1835 

E.  N.  Kirk 1836 

Edwin  Holmes 1837 

Thomas  E.  Vermilyea . .  1838 

I.  N.  Wyckoff 1839 

Ezra  Huntingdon   1840 

William  B.  Sprague 1841 

Edward  D.  Allen 1842 

Noah  Levings 1843 

Duncan  Kennedy 1844 

W.  H.  Campbell 1845 

Henry  N   Pohlman   1846 

William  B.  Sprague 1847 

Allen  Steele 1848 

J.  N.  Campbell 1849 


The  Rev.  Benjamin  N.  Martin  is  appointed  to  preach  the  next  annual 
sermon. 

The  whole  number  of  Bibles  circulated  since  the  formation  of  the 
society  appears,  by  the  last  report,  to  have  been  15,147  ;  of  Testaments, 
20,757.  The  number  of  Bibles  distributed  gratuitously  during  the  year 
1848,  was  465;  Testaments,  680.  The  number  sold  during  that  year 
was  242  Bibles,  1342  Testaments.  The  amount  of  receipts  into  the 
treasury  during  that  year  was $1,532  77.  The  whole  amount  contributed 
to  the  American  Bible  Society  by  this  institution  in  thirty-eight  years,  is 
$15,638-98. 

The  officers  of  the  Society  for  1849  are  as  follows  • 


Rev.  William  B.  Sprague,  D.  D., 

President. 
Rev.  John  N.  Campbell,  D    D., 

First  Vice-Presi<!ent. 
Rev.  I.  N.  \V vckoff,  D.  D.,  Second 

Vice-President. 

Philip  Phelps,  Rec.  Secretary. 
Lemuel  Jenkins,  Cor.  Secretary. 
William  C.  Miller,  Treasurer. 
Rev.  Ezra  A.  Huntington,  D.  D., 

Duncan  Kennedy,  D  D  ,  William 

H.  Campbell,  D.  D.,    Henry  N. 


Pohlman.  D.  D.,  F.  W.  Schmidt, 
Luman  A.  Sanford,  Rutgers  Van 
Brunt,  J.  Clarke,  Benjamin  N. 
Martin,  Messrs.  Archibald  Me 
Intyre,  Rensselaer  Westerlo, 
Nathaniel  Davis,  Israel  Smith, 
Daniel  Fry,  Abraham  Keyser, 
George  W.Benjamjn,  Managers. 
Rev.  Dr.  J.  N.  Campbell,  William 
C.  Miller,  Nathaniel  Davis,  Da- 
niel  Fry,  Ex.  Committee. 


Freeholders  in  1720. 


231 


A  LIST  OF  THE  FREEHOLDERS  OF  THE  CITY  AND 
COUNTY  OF  ALBANY.  1720.* 


FIRST    WARD. 

Evert  Wendell 

Daniell  Kelly 

Nicolas  Winegaert 

Jno  Dunbar 

Johannis  Vandenberg 

Cornelis  Vandyke 

Harmanis  Wendell 

Joseph  Vansante 

Johannis  Lansen 

Peter  Van  Brugh 

Joseph  Yeats  Snor 

Luykas  Winegaert 

Johannis  Schuyler 

Winant  Vanderpoel 

Ryert  Gerritse 

Antoney  Van  Schaick 

John  Kidney 

Gose  Van  Schaick 

Mindert  Schuyler 

Mindert  Lansen 

Barent  Egbertsen 

Antoney     Vanschaick 

Obediah  Cooper 

Bastian  Visser 

Snor 

Johannis  Vansante 

Antony  Bregarde* 

Robert  Livingston  Junr 

Matthews  Flantsburgh 

Thomas  Wendell 

Tho:  Williams 

Tobias  Ryckman 

Johannis  Tenbroeck 

Coonrodt  Tennyck 

Peter  Ryckman 

Antoney  Coster 

Joseph  Yates  Junr 

Wm.  Hilton 

Danl.  Flantsburgh, 

Jacob  Roseboom 

Johannis  De  Garmoe 

Johannis  Beekman 

Jacob  Staats 

Claes  Van  Woort 

Johannis  Wendell  Junr 

John  Rosie 

Henry  Holland 

Antoney  Van  Schaick 

Wm  :  Hogan 

John  Collins 

Junr 

Johannis  Van  Alen 

Hend:  Halenbeek 

Philip  Livingston, 

Jacob  Lansen 

Peter  Gramoe 

Jacob  Beekman 

Baltis  Van  Benthusen 

Johannis  Ratclif 

Rev.  Thomas  Barclay 

Harmanis  Ryckman 

Luykas  Hooghkirck 

David  Grewsbeck 

Fred.  Mindertsen 

Hendrick  Oothout 

Stephanis  Grewsbeck 

SECOND   WARD, 

Johannis  Cuyler 

Johannis  Vinhagen 

Philip  Wendell 

Nicos:  Bleeker 

Abram  Kip 

Jan  Lansen 

Abram:  Cuyler 

CorneliusSchermerhom  Gerrit  Roseboom 

Warner  Van  Ivera 

Hendrick  Tennyck 

Cornelis  Van  Scherfiae 

Reyner  Mindertsen 

Johannis  Beekman  Snor  Johans:  Evertse  Wen- 

Barent  Sanders 

Gerrit  Lansen 

dell 

Wm.  Grewsbeck 

Issack  Kip 

Abram  :  Lansen 

Guisbert  Marselis 

Nanning  Visser 

Johannis  Roseboom 

Herbert  Jacobsen 

Hendrick  Roseboom 

John  Hogan 

Arent  Pruyn 

Mindert  Roseboom 

Johannis  Visser 

Johannis  Mingaell 

Andries  Nach 

Benj.  Egbertsen 

Johannis  Hansen 

Jan  :  Janse  Bleeker 

Jonanis  Grewsbeck 

Seibolet  Brigardes 

Johannis  Bleecker 

Claes  Funda 

David  Van  Dyke 

Cristofell  Yeats 

Wm.  Jacobsen 

THIRD    WARD. 

Isaac  Funda 

Johannis  Hun 

Jacob  Evertse 

Samuell  Babington 

Phillip  Van  Vechten 

Jno  ;  Solomonse 

Gerrit  Van  Ness 

Lenord  Gansivoort 

Hendrick  Hansen 

Albert  Ryckman 

Jan  :  Evertsen 

Abram  :  Schuyler 

Cornelis  Borghaert 

Evert  Janse 

Derrick  Brat 

*  See  Documentary  History  of  New  York,  vol.  I.,  page  370. 


232 

Johannis  Van  Ostrande 
Johannis  Evertsen 
Tunis  Egbertsen 
Derrick  Tenbroeck 
David  Schuyler 
Winant  Vandenbergh 
Takel  Derrickse 
Johannis  Backer 
Thomas  Long 
John  Gerritse 
Elbert  Gerritse 


Jonathan  Stevens 
William  Coppernoll 
Claes  Franse 
TeirckFranse 
Yellous  Fonda 
Adam  Vroman 
Phillip  Schuyler 
David  Lewis 
Mindert  Guisling 
Peter  Quacumbus 
Abram:  Meebe 
Benj.  VanVlack 
Marte  Powlisse 
Harma  Van  Slyck 
Sanders  Gelon 
Evert  Van  Eps 
Arent  Van  Petten 
John  Weemp 
Simon  Switzs 
Jacob  Switzs 
Mindert  Weemp 
Arent  Brat 


Freeholders  in  1720. 

Issac  Borghaert 

Cornells  Masse 

Jan  Masse 

Barnt  Brat 

Jacob  Borghaert  Junr 

Jacob  Visser 

Jacobus  Luykasse 

Winegaert 
Johannis  Pruyn 
Wessel  Tenbroeck 
Peter  Winne 

SCHONECTADY. 

Wouter  Vroman 
Jno.  Baptist  Van  Epps 
Derrick  Brat 
Jan  Barentse  Wemp 
Barent  Vroman 
Jan  Vroman 
Gerrit  Van  Brackell 
Arent  Danilse 
Simon  Vroman 
Lawrence  Chase 
Cornils  Vander  Volgen 
Abram  De  Grave 
Daniell  Danielse 
Cornells  Pootman 
Sam:  Hagardoring 
Guisbert  Van  Brakell 
Volkert  Simonse 
Jacob  Schermerhorn 
Jacobus  Vandyke 
Helmes  Vedder 
Arnout  De  Grave 
Johannis  Teller 


Jacob  Muller 
Johannis  Muller 
Samll  :  Pruyn 
Reuben  Ven  Vechten 
Cornlis  Switzs 
Guisberl  Vandenbergh 
Teirck  HarminseVisser 
Tunis  Brat 
Peter  Walderom 
Rutger  Bleecker 
Harpert  Vandeusen 


HendrickVrooman  Junr  Albert  Vedder 


Harmanis  Vedder 
Dow  Aukus 
Johannis  Mindertsen 
Adam:  Smith 
Abram  Trueax 
Rob:  Yeats 
Abram  :  Lythall 
Assweris  Marselis 
Abram  :  Grout 


Derrick  Groot 
Gerrit  Simonse 
Yealous  Van  Vost 
Victore  Pootman 
Jan  Delemont 
Caleb  Beck 
Nicholas  Schuyler 
Johannis  Gelen 
Jacob  Gelen 


Carle  Hanse  Toll 
Daniell  Toll 
William  Marrinas 
Arent  Schermerhorn 
Esays  Swaert 
Johannis  Vroman 
Andries  De  Grave 
Joseph  Clarnent 
John  Bumstead 
Harma  Phillipse 
Jereme  Thickstone 
Jacob  Van  Olinda 
Arent  Vedder 
Peter  Vroman 
Daniell  Janse 
Peter  Danielse 
Jan  Danielse 
Jan  Meebe 
Johannis  Peek 
Jacobus  Peek 
Claes  Van  Petten 
Cornelis  Van  Slyck 
Marte  Van  Slyck 
Cornelis  Feele 
Arnout  Bra   Junr 
Johannis  Vedder 
Tunis  Vander  Volgen 
Claes  Van  Petten 
Andries  Van  Petten 
Jan  Schermerhorn 
Wouter  Swaert 
Arent  Pootman 


HendrickVrooman  Snor  Jesse  De  Grave 

KENDERHOOK  AND  PART  MANNOR  OF  LIVINGSTON. 

Jochim    Van    Valken-  Peter  Van  Alen  Derrick  Gardineer 

burgh  LamertHuyck  Peter  Van  Slyck 

Isaac Fansborough          Burger  Huyck  Jno:  Gardineer 

Casper  Rouse  Johannis  Huyck  Evert  Wieler 


Derrick  Go^s 
Peter  Fausburgh 
Peter  Van  Buren 
Jno  :  Goes 
Mattias  Goes 
Luykas  Van  Alen 
Jacobus  Van  Alen 
Evert  Van  Alen 
Johannis  Vandeusen 


Freeholders  in  1720. 

Cornelis  Schermerhorn 
Johannis  Van  Alen 
Gerrit  Dingmans 
Bart. Van  Valkenburgh 
Thomas  Van  Alstine 
Coonrodt  Burgaert 
Stephanis  Van  Alen 
John  Burgaert 
Abram -.Van  Alstine 


233 

Lawrence  Van  Schauk 
Elias  Van  Schauk 
JurieKlaime 
Guisbert  Scherp 
Lawrence  Scherp 
Hendrick  Clawe 
Laniert  Valkenburgh 
Melgert  Vanderpool 
Lenord  Conine 


THE  NORTH  PART  OF  THE  MANNOR  OF  LIVINGSTON. 


Robert  Livingston  Esqr  Bastian  Spikerman 


Peter  Colle 
Killian  Winne 
Jan  Emmerick  Plees 
Hans  Sihans 
Claes  Bruise 
Jonat :  Rees 
Coonrodt  Ham 
Coonrodt  Schureman 
Johannis  Pulver 


Nicolas  Smith 
Baltis   Auspah 
Jno  :  Wm  :  Simon 
Hanse  Jurie  Prooper 
Abram  Luyke 
Broer  Decker 
Jurie  Decker 
Nicolas  Witbeck 


CLAVERACK. 


Tobias  Tenbroeck 

Cornelis  Mulder 

Cornils  Esselstine 

Jeremias  Mulder 

Derrick  Hogoboom 

Cornelis  :  Huyck 

Isaac  Vandusen 

Jno:  Hoose 

George  Sidnem 

Richard  Moor 

John  Harrtyck 

Hendr  :  Van  Salsbergen  John  Rees 

Jacob  Van  Hoosem 


Kasper  Van  Hoosem 
Jan  Van  Hoosem 
Saml  Tenbroeck 
Peter  Hogoboom 
Rob:  Van  Deusen 
Casper  Conine 
Frank  Hardyke 
Johannis  Van  Hoofem 
John  Bout 
Wm:  Halenbeck 
Johannis  Coole 


Johannis  Uldrigh 
ffitz  :  Muzigh 
Coonrod  Kelder 
David  Hooper 
Gabriell  Broose 
Solomon  Schult 
Jacob  Stover 
Johanis  Roseman 
Nicos:  Styker 


Wm:  Rees 
Johannis  Scherp 
Andries  Rees 
Ghondia  Lamafire 
Hendrick  Whitbeck 
Jurie  Frelts 
Hendrick  Lodowick 
Jacob  Eswin 
Jurie  Jan 
CloudeLamatere 
Nicos:   Vanduse    Cats 
Kills. 


Mindert  Schut 
Wessell  Tenbroeck 
Wm:  Lefferrese 
Helme  Janse 
Saml  Van  Vechten 
Gerrit  Van  berghen 
Marte  Van  berghen 
Frank  Salisbury 
Jno  Brunk 
Minkas  Van  Schauk 

Jno:  Quacumbus 
Jno :  fioort 
Jacob  Pearse 
Derrick  Brat 


COXHACKY  AND  CATS  KILLS. 

John  Albertse  Abram:  Provoost 

Arent  Van  Schauk  Jacob  Halenbeek 

Michael  Collier  Jno:  Caspfrse 

Cornelis  Van  Wormer  Coonrodt  Hotlen 

Johannis  Halenbeek  Philip  Conine 

Casper  Halenbeek  Jno  :  Vanhoosem 

Jan  Van  Loan  Lenord  Brunk 

Albert  Van  Loan  Peter  Brunk 

Jno:  Van  Loan  Junr  Isaac  Spoor 

CANASTIGONIE. 

Maes  Rycksen  Lapion  Kanfort 

Evert  Rycksen  Cornelis  Christianse 

Gerrit  Rycksen  Eldert  Timonse 

Nicholas  Van  Vranken  Jno:  Quakenboes  Junr 


234 


Freeholders  in  1720. 


HALF  MOON. 


Peter  Ouderkerk 
Jacob  Cluit 
John  Cluil 
Frederick  Cluit 
Sarnl :  Creeger 
Derrick  Takelsen 
Mattias  Boose  Snor 
Johannis  Christianse 


Saml  Doxie 
"Curset  Fether 
Johannis  Knickbacker 
Derrick  Van  Vechten 


Jacobus  Van  Schoonho- Tunis  Harminse 


ven 

Evert  Van  Ness 
Daniell  Fort 
Corn'ls  Vanburen 
Conelis  Van  Ness 
Isaac  Ouderkerk 
Lavinus  Harminse 


Winant  Vandenbergh 
Roolif  Gerritse 
Hendrick  Roolifse 
Jno  :  De  Voe 
Daniel!  Van  Olinda 
Eldert  Ouderkerk 
Cornelis  Vandenbergh 


SCHAATKOOKE. 

Johannis  DeWandelaer  Daniell:  Ketlyne 
Simon  Danielse  Peter  Winne 

Martin  Delamon  Adrian  Quacumbus 

Lewis  Fele  Abram  Fort 


COLLONEY  RENSELAERS  WYCK. 


Wouter  Barheyt  Solomon  Van  Vechten 

Johannis  Valkenburgh  Cap:    Hendrick    Van 
Jno:  Barheyt  Renselaer 

Isaac  Van  Alstine  Philip  Foreest 

Jacob  Schermerhorn       Martin  Van  Alstine 
Jacob  Schermerhorn  Jr  Albert  Roolifse 


JanVanWie 
Gerrit  Vandenbergh 
Hendr:  Dow 
Albert  Singerlant 
Evert  Banker 
\Vouter  Vanderse 


Marte  Van  Alstine  JunrKillian  Vanderse 


Johns:  Ouderkerk 

Claes  Gardineer  Jno:  Funda  Johannis  Appel 

Andries  Gardinier          Derrick  Vanderhyden  Peter  Husyele 

Hend  :  Valkenburgh       Gerrit  Vandenbergh  Derrick  Hagodorn 

Jacob  Valkenburgh         Albert  Brat  Andries  Brat 

Andries  Huyck  Cornelis  Van  Alstine  Storm  Brat 

Maes  Van  Buren  Johns:  Wendell  Ome  Legrange 

Corn'lis  Van  Vechten      Jan:  Van  Alstyne  Johns:  Legrange 

Jonat:  Witbeek  Adrian  Oothout  Johonnis  Simonse 

Martin  Vanburen  Peter  Coyeman  Nicos:  Grewsbeek 

Barent  Geritse  Barent  Slaats  Jno  :  Oothout 

Jan  Witbeek  Andries  Coyeman  Mindert  Marselis 

Jonas  Dow  Samuell  Coyeman  Jacob  Lansen 

Andries  Dow  Jno:  Witbeek  Abram  Ouderkerk 

Folcort  Dow  Coonrod  Hooghteeling  Peter  Schuyler  Esqr 

Jno.  Van  Vechten  Storm  Backer  Abram  Wendell 

Gerrit  Lansen  Jno:  Backer  William  Ketlyne 

Volcort  Van  Vechten      Hendrick  Van  Wyen  Frans  Pryn 

Melgert  Vandeu,e  Wrm  :  Van  Alen  Jaac  Falkenburgh 

Rut  Vandeuse  Daniell  Winne  Claes  Bovie 

Tho  :  Witbeek  Gerrit  Van  Wie  Phillip  Wendell 

Luykas  Witbeek 

Pursuant  to  an  Order  of  Court  of  Judicature  held  for  the  Province  of 

New  York  on  the  Eleventh  Day  of  June  1720,  Directed  to  Gerrit  Van- 
schaick  hish  Sherif  of  the  City  and  County  of  Albany;  A  Returne  of 
the  free  holders  of  the  said  City  and  County. 

GERRET  VANSCHAIJCK  Sheriff 


Dutch  Church  Burials. 


23/5 


DUTCH  CHURCH  BURIALS. 

The  following  is  a  complete  copy  of  a  record  kept  by  Barent  Brat, 
Clerk  of  the  Dutch  Church  in  the  city  of  Albany,  of  the  burials  of 
persons  belonging  to  that  church  from  1722  to  1757.  The  original  book 
is  in  the  library  of  the  late  Hon.  Harmanus  Bleecker,  of  which  a  copy 
has  been  taken  by  Mr.  S.  V.  Talcott.  These  burials  were  made  in  the 
church  yard  on  Beaver  street,  now  occupied  by  the  Second  Dutch  Church. 
The  record  is  the  more  valuable  since  the  usual  memorials  of  the  church 
yard  are  obliterated. 

22  Collo.  Pieter  Schuylef 

Feb.  16  Theunis  Brat  was  buried  Mch  It  Philip  Splank's  child* 

18  Maria  Cuyler  da  of  Abram*  20  Christoffel  Abeel's  child 

24  Young'  child,  da.  of  B aberrik  23  Claes  Fonda's  child 

Mch  23  Callyna  Van  Benthuysen  Apl       7  Jaquernynna  Mase 

Apl     17  Clara  Lang's  son  John  9  Schiebolet  Bogardus'  child 

May    8  Susana  Brat,  my  grandmother,  15  Hend.  Cuyler 

Augt  25  Mattys  Vlensburgh's  child 
Nov         Johs.  Van  der  Heyd's  child 
Deer  12  Epharim  Borgardus'  child 

1725 
Jany    9  Banit  Egberise's  wife 

13  Egbert  Brat's  child 

Feb      2  Jacob  Beeckman's  child 

Feb      6  Tobyas  Ryckman's  child 

9  Tierck  Visscher* 

10  Job's  Ten  Broeck's  child 

1U  Claes  Fonda's  child 

17  Benjamin  Egbertsen's  child 

18  Hend.  Halenbeek's  child 

20  Abram  Lansingh's  child 
26  Gerrit  Lansing's  child 

Mch  29  Gose  Van  Schayck 
Apl       6  Jacob  Bogert 

Egbert  Brat's  child 
17  Gose  Van  Schayck' s  child 

21  Robert  Levingston* 
May     3  Pieter  Waldrum 

Isaac  Fonda's  child 
4  Cornelia  Van  de  Heyden 
June      8  Femmetie  da:  of  Cornells  Swilts 

14  Johs  Dpyster's  child* 

31  Nicholaes  Groesbeek's  child 
July    26  Isaac  Fryer's  child 
Augt    2  Benjamin  Brat's  child  was  buried 

by  Rut  Van  Woort 
8  Daniel  Vlensburgh's  child 

24  Daniel  Vlensburgh 

25  Philip  Splank's  child* 
30  Volckerk  Van  Hoesen* 

Octr      3  Tryniie  wife  of  Deely 
Nov     12  Jan  Gerrelz* 

14  Gerret  B  Van  den  Bergh's  child 
was  buried  at  Papskinee 

26  Jan  Cluectt  was  burried  at  Nis- 

kayawene 
Deer  17  Cornells  Van  Dyck's  child 

19  Claes  Fonda's  child 


June  25 
30 

Augt  3 
15 
17 
19 

Sept  16 

Octr     1 

3 

8 

15 

21 

22 

24 

Novr  IS 
19 
20 

Deer  IS 
23 

Febr  7 
22 

Meh     0 

Apl      10 

25 

June    9 

July  21 

Sept   17 

18 

24 

Octr  15 

27 

Novr  21 
Deer  18 

Jany    1 
Feb   19 


1722 

Theunis  Brat  was  buried 
Maria  Cuyler  da  of  Abram* 
Young-  child,  da.  of  B  aberrik 
Callyna  Van  Benthuysen 
Clara  Lang's  son  John 
Susana  Brat,  my  grandmother, 

was   buried  in  the  church  by 

Rut  Van  Woert 
Gr«tieKillys 
Cornel  is  Bogert 's  son 
Job's  Beekman's  Jr.  child 
Gysbert  Van  de  Berg's  child 
Willem  H.  Van  de  Berg's  child 
Thunis  Egberts'  child 
Jonethan  Rombelie 
Jacob  Roseboom's  child 
Mallie  Van  Renselaer 
Albert  Ryckman's  son  Albert 
Solomon  Goewy's  child 
Ileiul.  T.  Eyck 
Myndert  Roseboom 
Phylip  Livingston's  child* 
Abram  Van  Armen's 
Pieler  van  Dresen's  child* 
Antie  van  Eivere* 
Maria  Roseboom's  daughter 
Willem  Groesbeeck 

17-23. 

Daniel  Flensburgh's  child 
Jannetie  Dunbar  was   buried   in 

the  English  Church 
Wynant  C  Van  de  Bergh's  child 
Johannes  De  Venda'aer's  child 
Rut  Van  Woen'.s  child 
A  French  child  was   buried  by 

John  Sharp 
Hend  Cuyler's  child 
Jacob  Roseboom's  child 
Anna  Marytie  Carsten 
David  Schuyler's  wife  Annatie 
Therck  Harrnese  [Visscher]  wife 

Femmetie 

Abram  Laasingh's  son 
Mattys  de  Garmo's  child 
Jacobus  Lychasse's  child 

1724 

Harmanis  Schuyler's  child 
Hend  rick  Hanse* 


*  This  mark  denotes  that  the  person  was  buried  under  the  church ;  a  privilege  which 
was  allowed  to  such  as  were  willing  to  pay  for  it. 


236 


Dutch  Church  Burials. 


1726. 
Janry  22  An  Englishman's  child 

27  Egbert  Brat's  child 
Febry  1  Elisabeth  Rosie* 
Mch    22  Everte  Jacobse  Eel's  child 

29  Peter  Ryckman's  wife 
May   27  Labreyh  Redlif's  child 

30  Antony  S.  Van  Schayck's  child 
July   12  Gose  Van  Schayck  Jr's  child 
Augt  25  Johs  Becker's  wife 

Septr    3  Johs  Becker's  child 
4  Johs  Dfreest's  child 

11  Jacob  Rose  boom's  child 
Oclr    17  Salomon  Goewerk's  wife 

20  Jeremie  Penmtrton's  child 
Novr     1  Arent  Pruyn's  child 

2  Tams  Pruyn  Jrs.  child 
8  Evert  Janse   was  buried  in  the 
Lutheren  Church 

1727. 
Janry   5  Myndert  Marselis'  child 

19  Andrirs  Witbeeck  Jr.  child 

23  Samuel  Pruyn's  daughter* 
Mch     6  Evert  Wendell's  child* 

12  Gerret  Roseboom's  daughter* 

24  Johannes  Mnller 

May   26  Jacob  Van  der  Heyden's  child 

27  Tobias  Ryckman's  child 
Jan  Maasen's  child 

30  Jan  Milten's  wife 

31  Janetie  Van  Aelstyne 

June     2  Elsie    Winne    Jr.    daughter    of 

Frans  Winne 
10  Rabecka  Fonda 
12  Sara  Greveraedt 
July    12  Hendk  Ridder's  child 
Augt     1  Mattys  Flinsburgh's  child 
6  Ephrim  Wendell's  child 
10  Jacob  Mulder's  child 

12  Thunts  Van  den  Bergh 

13  Philyp  Dforeest 
Sept      3  Han's  Hanse's  child 

Nicolaes  Groesbeek's  child 
4  Tarn  Flyt's  mother-in-law 

12  Thunis  Slingerland's  child 
10  Jacobus  Luychasse 

16  Evert  Janse's  child 

18  Abram  Van  der  Poel's  infant 

25  Barent  Barhyt's  child 
Octr      2  Catharina  Lydius* 

13  Catlynna  wife  of  Johs  G  Lansing 
Frans  Pruyn's  little  child 

Novr  26  Cornel  us  Cuyler's  little  child 
Deer    2  Johs  Van  der  'Heyden's  child 

1728.      ' 

Janry  31  Willem  Waldrum's  little  child 
Feb     11  Maria  wife  of  John  Everts 
Ryck  Magsilse 

26  Jan  Lansingh* 

Mch      7  Sybrand  Quackenbos'  child 

28  Jurian  Hogan's  child 

May      6  Elsje  Winne  mother  of  Pieter 

27  Cornelus  Van  Schurhyuse 

29  Pieter  son  of  Pieter  Waldrum 
June    27  Leena    wife    of    Herpert    Van 

Deusen 


July     11  Engeltie  wife  of  Melgert  Abra- 

hamse 

Augt     4  Jan  Maase's  little  child 
20  Lowis  Schredel's  child 
Sept      9  Harmen  Van  Hoesen's  child 
27  Johs  Lansing  Jrs  child 

Jeramias  Schuyler's  child 
Octr      5  Pieter  Schuyler's  child  was  bu- 
ried at  the  flats 
Novr    10  Johs   Wendell's  little  son  was 

buried  at  the  flats 
Deer      7  Philyp  Wendall's  son  John 

14  Pieter  Schuyler's  daughter  was 

buried  at  the  flats 
17  Isaac  Wendell's  little  son  was 

buried  at  the  flats 
30  Nicolaes  Groesbeeck's  wife 

1729. 
Janry   13  Capt.  Johannis    Wendell    was 

buried  at  the  flats 
14  Johs  Frest's  little  child 
Febry    6  Hans  Hansen's  little  child 

20  Moses 

26  Isaac  Verplank  daughter  Abigel 
Mch     12  Gerit  Ryckse's   daughter  Alyda 

29  Aelyda  Schuyltr 

June     13  Abram  Ouderkerk's  child 

21  Johs  Bleeker  Jr.  litlie  son 
Mattys  Van  den  Bergh's  child 

buried  at  Papsknee 
24  Willm  Grennie's  child 

30  Elizabeth  Muller's  child 
July      7  Jacob  Eghemond's  child 

13  Johs   E.  Wendell's  child 
16  Dirck  Ten  Broeck's  child* 

23  Anna    Witbeeck    daughter    of 

Tamas  Willms 
26  Roeslif  Kidnie's  child 
Augt   13  Johs   Schoonmaker's  child  was 

buried  at  Papsknie 
18  Pieter  Winne's  little  son 
Septr  13  Anna  Brat  was    buried   in  the 

church  by  Rut.  Van  Woert 
Octr      1  Johs  Van  Zante's  child 
12  Hendrick  Benneway 
22  Roelif  Kidney's  child 
Novr  24  Johs  de  Foreest's  child 
28  Christiena  Ten  Broeck* 
Deer     7  Gosen  Van  Schayck's  child 

1730 
Feb       1  Maritie  Schermerhorn 

1 1  Egbert  Barentsen's  child 

14  Douwe  Fonda's  child 

15  Harpert  Van  Deusen's  child 

16  Andries  Gardenier's  two  children 
Mch      7  Adam  Van  den  Bergh's  child 

15  Samuel  Cregeer's  child 
April     8  NanninghVischer 

9  Jacob  Lansingh's  child 

12  Dirck  Van  Scharluyne's  child 
May     8  Johannis  Schoonmaker  was  bu- 
ried at  Papsknee 

22  Joseph  Yats 
June     2  Epharim  Wendell's  child 

22  Dirck  Van  Schurluyne's  wife 
July    13  Huybertie  Yaets 


Dutch  Church  Burials. 


237 


*    18  Jacob  Thunnise  Van  Woert 
Agt      1U  Isaac  Greveraet's  child* 
Septr     5  Solomon  Goewyck's  child 
5  Isaac  Greveraet's  child* 
8  Thomas  Wendell 
10  Elisabeth  Lansingh 
16  Marielie  Tymese  was  buried  at 

Nistagayoene 

Octr       5  Jeramiah  H.  Van  Renselaer 
13  Jacobus  Redlif's  child 
4  Jacob  Alestyn 


Nov 
Deer 


Jan 

Feb 


Mch 

Apl 

May 


July 


Augt 


23  Neeltie  Van  Schayck 
7  Katie  Van  Rensselaer 
28  Jan  Kasperse 
Claes  Luyckasse 
Joseph  Yates  child 
1731. 

4  Jan  Oothoudt  Jrs.  child 

5  Alida  V.Vechten  (wifeof  Sol'n?) 

5  Ryner  Myndertse's  son  Reynier 
9  Evert  Ryckse's  son  Rychert 

14  Johs  Dpeyster's  child* 

27  Mr.  Ellet's  child 

30  Peter  Fonda's  child 

14  Willem  Vischer 

15  Johs.  Migael* 

1  Chatriena  Van  den  Bergh 

6  Thomas     Witbeck     buried     at 

Papsknee 

June    22  Rutger    Van    Dusen    buried    at 
Papskuee 

28  Abraham  Kipp 

1  Nicolaes  Van  Arlen 

2  Doctr     Epharim   Wendell    was 

buried  at  the  flats 

5  Mattys  Flen.sburgh's  child 

6  Chattrina  D  Poorest 

19  Abram  Van  Armen's  child 

21  Elbert  Gerritse's  wife  Marytie 

22  Hendrick  Ridder's  child. 
June   28  Johs  Quackenbos'  child 
Augt  23  Uldrick  Van  Franke's  child 
Sept     4  Hans  Hansen's  child 

8  Willem  Jacobsen  VanDeusen 

10  Harmen  Van  Vechten's  child 
28  Jan  Salomonse 

Oct      1 4  Gerrit  C.  Van  den  Bergh 

22  John  Olyfer  [Oliver?]  Jr. 
Nov      2  Willem  Rediif's  child 

11  William  Crennel's  child 
14  Willim  Redlifs  little  son 

16  Thunis  Vischer's  Isaac 

20  Johs.  Lansingh's  daughter 

21  Hendrick  Halenbeck's  child 

22  Hans  Hansen's  daughter 

23  Jacob  Egmond'stwo  children 
27  Myndert  Marselis'  child 

27  Ephraim  Wendell's  child 

28  David  Van  Dyck's  child 

28  Harpert  Van  Deusen's  daughter 

28  Pieter  Ryckman's  child 

30  Wynant    C.    Van    de    Bergh's 

child 
Dec      7  Meyndert  Marselis'  daughter 

7  Jer.  Pemmerton's  little  son 


12  Hester  Swits'  son 

12  Johs.  Seger's  two  little  girls 

12  Gerit  Van  Zanten's  child 

14  Jellis  de  Garmo's  child 

15  Harmanus  Wendell* 

15  Jacob  Masen's  child 

16  Johs.  Hun's  little  son 

17  Johs.    Schuyler's  Jr.  little    son 

was  buried  at  the  flats 

17  Bettie  Danielse'  little  son 

18  Symon  Veeder's  little  child 

18  Mattys  Dgamo's  little  child 

19  Isaac  Greveraet's  child* 

20  Thunis  Egbertse's  child 

21  AbrahamVandePoel's  daughter 

23  Johs  G.  Lansingh's  child 

24  Harmen  Van  Hoesen's  little  son 

25  David  Van  der  Heyden's  child 

25  Pieter  Fonda's 

26  Stephanis  V.   Renselaer's  child 

27  Anthony  Bret's  child 
27  Johs.  Vischer's  child 

27  David  V.  Dyck's 

28  Johs  Goewyck's  child 

30  Dirck  Ten  Broeck's  Anna* 
30  Leendert  Gansevoort's  two  chil- 
dren 
30  Abraham  Ouderkerk's  daughter 

30  Jacob  B.  Ten  Eyck's  child 

31  Gerit  W.  Van  den  Bergh's  child 
31  Magiel  Besset's  child 

1732. 
Janry    3  Maria  Gerritse's  little  son* 

3  David  Groesbeeck's  child 

4  Benjamin  Egbertse's  daughter 
6  Isaac  Bogart's  little  son* 

6  Hendk   Roseboom's  child 
6  Daniel  Hogan's  child  was  buried 
by  R.  Beeckman 

6  Jan  Brouyn 

7  Johs.  Hun's  daughter 

8  Wouter  Barheyt 

8  Jacob  Wendell's  child  was  bu. 
ried  at  Greenbush 

12  Johs  A.  Cuyler's  child* 

13  Albert   Brat  was  buried   at  the 

flats 

14  Johs.   Ten    Broeck's  child  was 

buried  at  Greenbush 

15  Willem  Waldrum's  daughter 

16  Isaac  Swits'  little  son 

17  Epharim  Bogardus'  child 

19  Andries  Witbeck  Jrs.  child 

20  Hendk.  Cuyler's  little  son 

22  Gerit  Van  Nes'  daughter 

23  David  Groesbeeck's  child 
25  Isaac  Swits'  daughter 

25  Johs.  Ten  Broeck's  little  son  was 
buried  at  Greenbush 

25  Hendrick  Bries's  son  was  buried 

at  Papsknee 

26  Abram  Witbeck's  child 

26  Dirck  Ten  Broeck's  little  son* 
28  Johs  Bleecker  Jrs.  daughter 
28  Gerrit  Marselis'  child 


238 


Dutch  Church  Burials. 


29  Jobs.  Ten  Broeck's    child  was 

buried  at  Greenbush 
31  Matte wis  Van  Deusen's  child 
Feb       1  Gerrit  C.  Van  Den  Bergh's  child 

was  buried  at  Papsknee 
6  Hendrick  T.  Eyck's  little  son 

20  Nicolaes  Bleecker's  child 

27  Jobs  Symonse  Veeder's  daugh. 

ter* 

Mch    10  Pieier  Schuyler's  child  was  bu- 
ried at  the  flats 

21  Arieje  Oothout's  daughter 

27  Johs     Vischer's    daughter    was 

buried  at  Hogebergh 
April     6  Johs  J.  Beeckman's  child 

6  Hendrick  Bries'  child  was  buried 

at  Papsknee 

25  Willem  Teller's  wife  Catrina 
May   18  Ryckie,  wife  of  Abr.  Lansing 

20  Hendrick  H.  Roseboom's  child 
27  Jer.  Pemmerton's  two  children 

June      9  Johs  Dforiest's  child 

14  Johs  Dpeysler's  child* 
July    12  Abraham  Lansing  Jrs  child 
Agt      19  A  man  was  buried  by  Johs  Se- 

gers  by  order  of  the  Mayor 
Sept    30  Johs  Beeckman 
Octr    15  Antony  Brat's  child 
Novr  12  Migul  Besset's  child 

17  Johs  J.  Beeckman's  child 

24  Jan  Janse  Bleecker* 
Deer     9  Salomon  Goewey's  child 

11  Freedk  Myndertse's  wife 

11  Maragrieta  Corneel 

21  Jobs.  Schuyler  Jrs  child  was  bu- 

ried at  the  flats 

29  Johs.  D  Foreest's  children 
31  Elsje  Sanders 
1733 

Jan     11  Isaac  Bogert's  little  child 
23  Isaac  Bogart's  little  child 
31  Barent  Staets'  daughter  was  bu- 
ried at  the   Hogebergh 
Feb      9  Coenraet  Becker 

16  Sarah    Roseboom    was    buried 

daughter  of  Jacob  Roseboom 
Mch     3  Marrtie  Van  Alen 

13  Pieter  Fonda's  child 

21  Gelyn  Splank's  child 

April     8  Coenraet  Rechtmayor's  wife 

14  Maes  Van  Buren  was  buried  at 

Schoodack 

22  A  bra  Wyngart's  wife 
May      4  Mallie  Leedyus* 

June      2  Ephram  Wendel's  child 
July      4  Antony  Bogardus'  son 
Agt      12  Jan  Winne 
Septr  18  Barent  Egbertse's  daughter 
Octr     25  Rychert  Hanse's  wife* 
29  Maragrietie  Bleecker* 

1734 
Jan'y    8  Jannetje  Bogert,  [wife  Jacob  C.] 

17  Aeltie  Van  Nes  buried  at  the 

Halfmoon 
Febry  12  William  Redlif 


March  4  Hend'k  Bunsen's  child 

17  Philip  Van  Vechten's  wife 
17  Jobs  Dpeyster's  child* 
20  Elizabeth  Banckers 
20  Ragcl  Hoogkerke's  child 

April    11  Catharin  Cuyler* 

14  Geertruy  Van  Scherluyne 

24  Willemhelmus  V.  de  Bergh's 

child 

May    25  Jacob  Egmond 
June   23  Johs  Van  Vechten  was  buried 

at  Papsknee 
July  10  Evert  Banker 
Agt  10  Dom  Van  Schie's  child* 

11  Nich  Bieecker's  Jr.  child 

12  Ryck  Hanse's  child* 

12  Gysbert  Roseboom's  child 

19  Judick  Hoogkerke 

27  Johs  Dforetst's  child 

28  Jannetje  Ciregeer  was  buried  at 

Nisceauna 
Sept      1  Jobs  Seegers  child 

1  Ephar.  Wendel's  daughter  Su- 

sannah 

2  Jer:  Pemmerton's child 

4  Harmen  Vechten's  child 

5  Benjamin  Whine's  child 

G  Cornells  Van  Dyck's  little  son 

12  Isaac  Swits'  child 

13  Volkert  V.  Den  Bergh's  child 

15  Claes  Fonda's  little  son 

17  SiephanusVanRenselaer's  child 

20  Nicholas  Van  Schayck's  child 
22  Pieter  Schuyler's  child   was  bu- 
ried at  the  flats 

Oct       8  Jacob  T.  Eyck's  little  child 

22  Johs.  Ten  Broeck's  child 
Novr  10  Fredk   Myndertse's  daughter 

15  Cornelia  Van  Scbarluyn 

Deer     5  Gerret  B.  Van  den  Bergh's  child 

18  David  A-  Sohuyler's  little  sou* 

1735 
Febry  5  Maria  wife  of  P.  Wendel 

11  Nedt     Broon    Servant    of   Jef: 

[Mrs?]  Livingston 

16  Jacob  Staats 

Mch      5  Ruben  Van  Vechte 
16  John  Muward 

A  pi      12  Isaac  Van  Allsteyn's  child 

May         Tomas  Serp's  child 

June     9  Dirck  Brat  was  buried  by  Rut 
Van  Wie 

July      2  Thunis  Frelin's  child 

Augt  27  Pieter  Livingston's  child  was  bu- 
ried at  the  flats 

Octr    12  Volkert  Ootbout's  child 

27  Cornells  Van  Beuren's  little  son 
was  buried  at  Papsknee 

Novr    3  Hendk.  H.  Roseboom's  child 

12  Catryn  Fyn 

16  J«hs  De  Peyster's  little  child* 
21  Cornelia  Quackenbos 
21  Jobs  Wynsjart's  child 
Deer     3  Zacharias  Sixkel's  child 

9  Sybrant  Van  Schayck's  child 


Dutch  Church  Burials. 


239 


14  Nicholas  Engelspreeker 

20  Elsje  Wendell  daughter  of  Philip 

1736. 
Jan.     12  Turryan  Hogen's  child 

18  Michael  Besset's  child 
26  Gerrit  Lansing 

Mch     2  Geertie  Ten  Eyck 
Apl        8  Jobs  Cloet's  child 

10  Daniel  Husen's  child 

May   13  Catharina  daughter  of  Catie  Van 

Schaick 

June   23  David  Groesbeeck's  child 
July      5  Willem  Hogen's  wife 
5  Johs  Dforeesl's  rhild 
9  Pieler  Livington's  child  was  bu. 

ried  at  the  flats 
29  Gose  Van  Schaick 
Augt  23  Nicholas  Bleeeker's  child 
Sept    28  Cornelis   C.    Van  den    Bergh's 

child 

Octr      4  Thunis  Fiele's  child 
5  Marytie  Mingael* 

11  Jonas    Douw    was    buried     at 

Greenbush 

25  Willem  Waldrum's  child 
Nov      7  Jacobus    Schuyler's    child   was 
buried  at  the  hogeberg 

19  Rychart  Hansen's -little  son* 

24  Isaac   Wendell's  child  was  bu- 

ried at  the  flats 

29  Dominie.  Van  Schie's  child* 
Deer     2  Thomas  Sherp's  child 

1737 
Jan      12  Albert  Ryckman  was  buried  by 

Egbert  Brat 
23  Hans  Hansen's  little  son  Pieter 

25  David  Groesbeeck's  little  son 
Feb       4  Antony  Van  Schaick 

Mch   22  Robt  Dunbar's  child 

26  Edward  Holland's  wife  was  bu- 

ried in  the  English  church 
Apl      23  Bastiaen  Vischer 
May    28  Jacob  Bogart's  daughter 
June     5  Johs  Scuyler's  wife* 
July      2  Migal  Besset's  son 

26  George  hipkms   [?]    was  buried 

in  the  English  church 

27  Gerret  J.  Lansing's  child 
Agt       2  Muttys  Vander  Heyden's  child 

3  The  sister  of  Wm  Tellers   wife 
11  Dirck  Ten  Broeek's  little  son* 

18  Johs.  Ouderkerk's  child 

28  Abram  Fonda's  child 

29  Jolis  Dforeest's  child 
Septr    3  Adam  Yates'  child 

16  Domine  Van  Schie's  child 

19  Dirck  Hun's  little  daughter 
19  Sy brant  Quackenbos'  child 

Octr     4  Jacobus  V.  Valkenbergh's  child 
10  Nellie  daughter  of  D.   Ryckman 

Novr      1  Jan  Rosie* 

19  Benjamin  Brats  daughter    was 

buried  by  [Oliver?] 
29  Wouter  Knickerbacker's  child 


17  Douwe  Fonda's  child 

1738 
Jan     16  Gerret  Van  Benthuysen's  wife 

18  Killian  Whine's  child 

Feb      3  Dom  :  Petrus  Van  Driesen* 

14  Cornelis  Claseii  was  buried  in 

his  Orchard 

12  Migael  Basset's  child 
June     5  Coenraet  Rechtmayor's  child 
6  Gerret  Van  Benthu'isen's  child 
9  Mattys  Van  der  Heyden's  child 

22  Barent  Sanders  wife* 
25  Johs  Dforeest's  child 

Augt  25  Elsje  Lansing 

25  Hendk  Bidder's  child 

26  Nicolas  Bleecker's  child 
Sept    17  Hend  M.  Roseboem's  child 

23  Jacobus  Kidnie's  child 

27  .'an  Van  Alstyn 
Octr    13  Dirck  Vander  Heyclen 

17  Neeltie  Ryckman  was  buried  by 
Antony  Brat 

17  Hend'k  H.  Roseboom's  child,  do 
Novr     7  Casparus  Van  Geveren 
Deer     2  Abram  Vosbergh's  child 

3  John  Van  Ostrande's  child 
12  Jenneke  Blyckers 

23  Job's  Bleecker* 

26  Gerritie  Draeyers* 

31  Jacob  B-  Ten  Eyck's  child 

1739 

Jan       4  Willem  Hogen's  child 
Feb      2  Teunis  Egbertse's  child 

2  Dominie  Van  Schie's  child* 
Jan       4  Johs  Van  Schayck's  child 
Mch    12  Johs  Van  Vechte  Jrs.  child 

23  Jacob  Beeckman 
Apl       7   Dircktie  Vischer  was  buried  by 

Rut  Van  Woert 

May     9  Jacob  Glen's  daughter* 
June     3  Geurt  Benneway's child 
8  Mattys  Flensburgh 

8  Adrieaen  Brat's  child 
July     10  Hannah  Flensburgh 

14  Jacobus  Redlif's  child 

15  Hendrick  Oottiout 
Agt       7  Fredk  Vischer's  wife 

21  Rychart  Hansen's  child 

22  Gerret  Ja  Lansing's  child 

22  Johs  Wyngart's  child 

23  Johs  Douw's  child 

26  Wouter  Knickerbacker's  child 
26  Abram  Van  Deusen's  child 
Sept      1  Abram  Van  Deusenjs  child 

9  Abram  Lansingh's'servant  Johs 
23  David    Van  der    Heyden's  son 

Nanningh 
Octr      3  Leendt  Gansvoort's  da.  Maria 

4  Egbert  Bart  Egbertse's  child 
15  Theunis  Eabertse's  child 

21  Johs  Van  Rensselaer's  child  was 

buried  at  Greenbush 
23  Pieter  Schuyler's  child  was  bu. 
ried  at  the  flats 


240 


Dutch  Church  Burials. 


26  Sybrat  A.  V.  Schaick's  little  da. 
Novr    12  David  A.  Schuyler's  child 

16  Susanna  wife  of  Johs  Symonse* 
19  Jacob  Glen's  child* 

27  Thomas  Scherp's  daughter 
Deer   18  Johs  E   Wendell 

12  Aeltie  Oothout 

22  Giertie  Lansing* 

21  Gerrit  Roseboom 

31  Johs  Van  Schaick's  child 

1740 
Jan       4  Anthony  Van  Dyck 

9  Jacobus  Groesbee.-k's  child 
16  Cornells  Van  Dyck's  two  daugh- 
ters 

19  Billy  Sixberry 

20  Harm.  B.  Vischer's  child 
Feb      12  Freedk  Myndertse 

25  Hendk  Bidder's  little  child 
Apl        1  Anna  widow  of  Billy  Sixberry's 

child   [i.  e     Billy's  child] 
27  Gerret  Brat's  wife 
29  Johs  Maselis'  child 
May    12  Antony  Van  Schaick's  da.  Elsie 
June     8  Gysbert  Marselis  was  buried  by 
Daniel  Brat 

24  Claes  Van  Schayck's  wife 

23  Jan  Fonda 
July      4  Hendk  Renselaer 

12  Pieler  Van  Brugh* 

22  Johs  Schuyler* 

22  Adriaan  Brat's  child 

23  Isaac  Greverael's  child 
Augt   10  Abram  Bogarl's  sister 

12  Gerrit  Teunisse    Van  Vechten's 

child  was  buried  at  Papsknee 

21  Johs  De  Forest's  child 

25  Tjrck  Swits 

Septr  30  Barent  Van  Beuren's  child  was 

buried  at  Papsknee 
5  Migal  Besset's  child 
19  Jacobus  Redlif's  child 
Octr    23  Marte  Van  Buren  was  buried 

near  his  own  house 
Novr     3  Gerrit  Johs  Lansing's  child 
29  Volkert  N.  Douw's  child 

1741 

Jan      10  Johs  Redlif's  wife  Selia 
27  Gerrit  Ja  Lansingh's  wife 
29  Harpert  Jacobse's  son  Gerret 
Feb      5  Elisabeth  daughter  of  Catie  Van 

Schayck 
5  Luychas  Hooghkerk  Jrs  child 

13  Luychas  Hooghkeerk's  child 

26  Johs  Beeckman 
Mch      6  Pieter  Garmo 

9  Mattys  Van  der  Heyden's  child 
13  Luychas  Hooghkerk 
Apl       3  Sara  Schuylers  was  buried  near 

her  residence  by  P.  Schyuler 
9  Maragrietie  daughter  of  Maria 

Roseboom 
13  Thomas  Scherp's  son  Tomie 

24  Anna  Sixberry  daughter  of  Johs 

Redlef 


June        Abram  Van  Arnem's  daughter 
28  Johs  Schuyler  Jrs  daughter  was 

buried  at  the  flats 
July         Hendk   Halenbeeck's  little  child 

was  buried  by 
8  Gerrit  Benneway 

10  Maria  Roseboom 

12   Anna  Van  Schayck 
22  Johs  Douw's  child 
24  Johs  Schuyler  Jrs  child  was  bu- 
ried at  the  flats 

Augt   12  Volkert  N.  Douw's  child 
15  Robert  Lansingh's  child 
Beeckman 
Andries  Brat's  child 
Octr      6  Dirk  Hun's  child 

15  Coenraet  Ten  Eyck's  daughter 

Catrina 
Novr    1  Thomas  Willem's  son  Philip 

6  John  Schuyler  Jur.  was  buried 

at  the  flats 
Deer     1  Douwe  Js  Fonda's  child 

12  Hans  Eversen  was  buried  at  the 

Lutheran  Church 
19  Arieaentie  Wendell* 

1742 

Jan       6  Melchert   A.   Van   Deusen  was 
buried  at  Papsknee 

8  Dirck  Martin's  wife  and  child 
15  Angenectie    Schot   widow    her 

child 
May     6  Obedia  Coeper 

11  Sara  Van  Bruga* 

28  Johs  Jacobuse  Lansingh's  wife 
June  16  Matty  Van  der  Heyden's  child 
July  6  Harpert  Jacobse  Van  Deusen* 

7  Jacob  Maasen's  child 

8  Maria  Van  Dyck 

15  Johs  Van   Vechten  was  buried 

at  Papsknee 
3  Jan  Brat's  child 
27  Johs  Beeckman's  servant 
31  Anna  Van  Woert 
Agt       5  Jolis  Van  Vechte's  child 
6  Johs  Van  Goesen's  child 

9  Willem  Waldrum's  child 

12  Jacob  H.  Ten  Eyck's  child 
Sept          Zacharias  Haes'  child 

6  Hester  Wendell 

19  Gerrit  Ja  Lansingh's  child 
Oct       9  Johs  Van  Schayck's  child 

15  Kiliaen  Van  Ranselaer's  child 

24  Catriena  Engelsprucker 
Novr  28  Abram  Splank 

5  Debora  Hansen* 

7  Dominie  Berly  was  buried  in  the 

English  church 

9  Johs  Douw's  child 

Deer  24  Voynlie  wife  of  Andries  Brat 

25  Johs  P.  Witbeck 

1743 
Jan       7  Maria  Gansevoort 

27  Wynant  Van  den  Bergh'sdaugh- 

ter  Volkie 
Feb     13  Philip  Wendell 


Dutch  Church  Burials. 


241 


15  Robert  Sanders'  wife* 
Mch     4  Catharina  Van  Ness 

9  Antony  S.  Van  Schayck's  wife* 

9  Pieter  Schuyler's  child  was  bu- 

ried at  the  flats 

27  Catlymie  wife  of  Gerret   Van 

Ness 

28  Marytie  Van  Schayck 

Apl      19  Antony  Van  Schayck's  daughter 
Catriena 

21  Evert  Sixberry's  child 
May    24  Robert  Lansing's  child 

30  Chatie  Salomoiise 
June     5  Gerrit  Van  Nes'  child 

5  Johs  D.  Van  der  Heyden's  child 

20  Jacob  Schermerhorn  Jr  was  bu- 

ried at  Papsknee 
July    10  Johs  Eversen's  child 
Agt       4  Gerret  Ja  Lansingh's  wife 

11  Barent  Van  Ceuren's  wife  was 

buried  at  Papsknee 
15  Antony  Van  Yveren's  child 

19  Benumen  Whine's  child 

22  Jacobus  RedliPs  child 

26  Abram  Wit  beck's  child 

31  Mattys  Van  der  Heyden's  two 

children 
Sept      6  Johs  Van  Zante's  wife 

Antony  Van  der  Zee's  child 
Oct       1  Vullenpie   Brat   was    buried    by 

Rut  Van  Woert 
9  Wouter  Knickerbacker's  child 

21  Johs  H  Wendell 

24  Abraham  Ouderkerk 
Novbr  1  Robert  Sander's  child* 

3  Jacob  Van  Ruize  Voert's  child 
13  Gertie,  daughter  of  Coenraet  Ten 

Eyck 
21  Henderick  Gerritz's  child 

27  David  Groesbeek's  child 
Deer     3  Johs  Redlif 's  daughter 

6  Thomas  Coeper's  child 

10  Gerrel  W.  Van  den  Bergh's  child 
13  Stephanus  Van  Renselaer's  son 

25  Joseph  Redlif 's  child 

1744. 
Jan       4  Wouier  Groesbeek's  child 

5  Dirck  De  Garmo 

6  Barent  Jans  Brat 

8  Isaac  Frelin's  liitle  son 

13  Harmen  Gansevort's  child 

Rensselaer 

Febry  7  Dortie  Halenbeeck  was  buried  in 
the  Lutheran  grave  yard 

14  Wilhelmus  Ryckman's  child 
Mar      2  Gerrit  Van  Sehoonhoven's  wife, 

Lutheran 

3  Antony  Van  der  Zee's  child 

4  Harmanus  H.  Wendell's  child 

7  Johs  M.  Flinsburgh's  child 
April  17  Antony  Bogardus 

20  Gerrit  Johs  Lansingh's  child 

23  Cornells  Rulder 

30  Pieter  Coeyman  was  buried  on 
Barren  Island 


May     2  Cornelis  Van  den  Bergh's  child 
June     6  James  Stievenson's  wife* 
3  Johs  Douw's  child 

17  Jan  Cell's  child 

19  Isaac  Frelen's  child 

23  Johs  Lansingh's  wife 
July      8  Johs  Van  Yeveren's  child 

9  Isaac  Halenbeck's  child 
13  Johs  Van  Wie's  child 
17  Stephanus  Groesbeck 
31  Antony  Van  der  Zee's  wife 
Augt     9  Benjamin  Bogart's  child 

10  Wouter  Groesbeek's  child 

11  Johs  Jacobse  Eversen 

13  Susanna  Van  den   Bergh,  wife 

of  Cornelis  Clasen 
16  Dom:  Cornelis  Van  Schie* 
16  Gerrit  W.  Van  den  Bergh's  child 
16  Jacob  Van  Woert's  little  son 

24  Harmen  Vischer* 

25  Antony's  Van  der  Zee's  child 

26  Tobyas  Ryckman's  wife 
23  Jan  Van  Arnem's  child 
29  Nicolas  Blecker  Jr's  child 

31  Abraham  H.  Wendell's  child 
Septr    2  I*aac  Greveraet's  child 
15  Bille  Bronly's  child 

26  Johs  Brat's  child 

Oct       6  Johs  Van  Aelen's  wife 

14  Cornelis  Van  Alstyn's  child 
Novbr  2  John  Ouderkerk's  children 

5  Pieter  Fonda's  wife 
Deer     8  Willem  Hogen's 

14  Hendk  Van  Wie's  child 
23  Hendrick  Van  Wie's  wife 
23  Pieter  Van  Aelen's  child 

1745. 

Jany     6  Jacob  R.  Van  Woert's  child 
22  Harme  B  Visscher's  child 

25  Johs  Roseboom* 
Febry  5  Johs  Oothout 

15  Isaac  Ouderkerk's  child 
Mar     16  Teunis  Slingerland's  wife 
April     6  Sauna,  da.  of  Pieter  Van  Woret 

27  Wilhelmus  Ryckman's  child 
May     8  Jeremiah  Van  Rensselaer   (the 

Patroon) 

12  Jacob,  son  of  Abram  Lansing 
June     4  Gerret  Van  Zanl's  child 

5  Ned  Hock's  child 
18  Hendk  Van  Hoesen's  child 
20  Abraham  Lansingh 
July      3  Joseph  Van  Zante's  wife 

3  Jacob  Wendell's  child 

22  Johs  Boom,  a  high  Dutchman 

23  Gerrit  d'Ridder's  child 
Augt     4  Dirk  Wyt's  child 

18  Stephanub  Van  Rensselaer's  da. 
22  Cristoffell  Abeel's  child 

26  Johs  Dpeyster's  little  son* 

27  David  Groesbeek's  daughter 
Septr    1  Catlymie,   da.  or  wife  of  Johs 

Ja  Lansing 

4  Hendk,  son  of  David  A.  Schuy- 

ler 


242 


Dutch  Church  Burials. 


5  Jacob  Wendell  was  buried  at 

Greenbush 

6  Scheeboleth  Bogardus's  Eph'm 
6  Jeramee    Schuyler's     daughter 

was  buried  at  the  flats 
10  Isaac  Hansen's  child 
10  Gerrit  Brat's  child 
13  Johs  De  Foreest's  little  son 
Septr  14  Geradus  Groesbeek's  child* 
16  Johs,  son  of  Isaac  Lansingh 

16  John  Courtney's  child 

17  Hendk  Cosier* 

19  Saimaka  Wendell,  da.  of  Johs 
Van 

19  Sybrant  Gert  Van  Schaick's  da. 

22  Johs  Ja  Lansigh's  child 
Octbr   2  Cornells  Cuyler's  child* 

5  Mr.  Cateris's  child  was  buried  in 
the  English  church 

5  Abram  Js  Fonda's  child 

6  Gerrit  G   Lansingh's  wife 

20  Johs  Douw's  little  child 

28  Johs  Ja  :  Everson's  child 

29  Jacob  Hansen's  child 

Novbr  8  Geertruy  Van  Vechte  was  buried 
in  the  Patroon's  vault 

15  Elizabeth  Wendell  was  buried 
at  the  fiats. 

17  Barent  Staats  Jr's  son 

21  Walraven  Cloet's  son 

21  Arent  Siingerland's  child 

28  Benumen  Hitten's  child 

30  Asueros  Rosebopm's  wife 
Deer     4  Mad alena  Lansingh 

5  Sander  Van  \V  oert's  child 

12  Debora  Beeckman 

19  Eysabell  Staats* 

•22  Mattys  Van  den  Bergh 

23  Daniel  Whine  Jr's  child 

1746. 
Janry  11  David  Van  Zante's  wife 

20  Lammerl  Kool's  child 

21  Jacob  Muller's  daughter 

26  Johannis  Marselis  was  buried  by 
Daniel  Brat 

29  Johs  Yates's  child 

Feb     14  Tomas  Coeper's  little  child 
Mar      8  Wailoven  Cloet's  daughter 

20  Gerret  Van  Wie's  wife  was  bu. 

ried  by  his  house 

April     1  Maria  Van  Hoesen  in  the  Lu- 
theran church 
1  Son  of  Jacob  Fort 

10  Jacob  Van  der  Heylen 

11  Wife  of  Harme  Van  Hoesen  at 

the  Lutheran  church 
11  Daughter  of  Jacob  Fort 

13  Litile  son  of  Jan  Van  Arnem 

14  Wife  of  Johannes  Cuyler* 

15  Child  of  Wouter  Js  Groesbeck 

16  Jacoo  Glen* 

21  Willem  Groesbeck 

23  Harmen  Van  Vechten 
27  Child  of  Abram  Fort 
May      1  Rychart  Van  Frauke 


3  Gysbert  Van  Alstyii 
12  Martynis  C.  Van  Alstyn 
12  Jacob  Van  Ye  veren 

12  Barent  Van  Y veren 

1-2  Son  ol  Ryner  Van  Y  veren 

13  Child  of  Levynis  Winne 

15  Johas  Rynr  Van  Yveren 

16  Jacob  C  Ten  Eyck's  child 
19  Fredk  Ruyter  Jr 

26  John  Lagrange's  wife 
30  Johs  Roelfise's  daughter 
June      1  Philip  Ruyter 

1  Michiel  Bessel's  child 

2  Son  of  Bobbert  Wendell 

15  Daughter  of  Philip  Winne 

17  Child  of  Adam  Yates 

19  Wife  of  Jochem  Van  der  Heyden 
24  Thierk  Beeckman 

24  Geertruy,  da.  of  Mich.  Groesbeck 
24  Little  child  of  Gerret  G.  Lansingh 

26  Gerret,  son  of  Johs  Rolifsen 

28  Abram  Fielie 

29  Theunis  Slingerland 

30  Annata,  wife  of  Dirck  Wyt 

30  Nicolas  Js.  Groesbeck 
July      1  Wife  of  Jan  de  Voe 

6  Isaac  Van  Aelstyn 

8  Child  of  Thunis  Fiele 
10  Child  of  Abram  Gardenier 
13  Hendrick  Brat 

16  Child  of  Willem  Ryckman 
23  Child  of  David  Van  Zante 
23  Evert  Bogardus 

27  Geradus  [K]loedt 
~     27  Jan  de  Voe 

29  Child  of  Franciskis  Lansing 

20  Debora,  da.  of  Hendk  H.  Rose- 

boem 

20  Wife  of  Lymon  Vedder 

31  Child  of  Evert  Sieger 
31  Harme  Bogardus 

Aug       1  Gerrit  Ja  Lansingh 

1  Child  of  Abram  Finhagen 

2  Child  of  Johs  Beeckraan 

2  Son  of  Johs  Sieger 

3  Elsie,  da.  of  Jacob  Lansingh 
5  Daughter  of  Johs  D'Foreest 

5  Wendell,  son  of  Evert  Wendell 

6  Wife  of  Zacharias  Sischel 

6  Child  of  Sylvand  Van  Schayck 

7  Child  of  Michael  Bessett 

8  Child  of  Hendk  Fonda 

9  Child  of  Jacobus  Wilton 
12  Child  of  Johs  Van  Vechte 

12  Daughter  of  Jesse.  D'Foreest 

12  Jacob,  son  of  Johs  D'Garrn 

13  Child  of  Johs  Slingerland 

14  Barent  Vrooman 

15  Hendk  H   Roseboom 

16  Sylfrand  H.  Van  Schaick's  child 

17  Child  of  Johs  Visscher 

18  Child  of  Frans  Wey  Bosie 

21  Child  of  Egbert  B.  Egbertse 

21  Ragel  Livereen 

22  Johs  A.  Cuyler's  child 


Dutch  Church  Burials. 


243 


22  Child  of  Sybrand  H  VanSchayck 

25  Willem  Vancier  Zee's  child 

26  Willem  Kittell 

26  Jolis,  son  of  Jacob  Van  Woert 

26  Will  em  Ouderkerk 

26  Child  of  Sara  Fort 

28  Wife  of  Johannes  Beeckman 

31  Litlle  child  of  Claes  Gardiner's  son 

in  law 

Sept  4  Wife  of  Johs  Ryckse 
5  Wife  of  Robt  Lansing 
5  Daughter  of  Samuel  Pruyn 
5  Child  of  Gysbert  Mailstyn  [i.  e. 

Gysbert  M  Aelstyn] 
5  Child  of  Sybrant  G  VanSchaick 

7  Son  of  Mattys  Bovie 

8  Zander  Van  Woert 

9  Hendrick  Jacobse  Beeckman 
9  Wife  of  Jonatan  Witbeck  jr. 

[Machtel] 

9  Child  of  Abram  Van  Arnem 

11  Wife  of  Johs  Hansen 

12  Child  of  Mr  Carte ris 

15  Child  of  Hellagont  Lewis 
15  Child  of  Annietie  Groesbeck 

15  Child  of  Robt  Livingston 

16  Child  of  Wynant  C~V  Bergh 

17  Child  of  Pieter  Schuyler 

18  Daughter  of  Rychert  Hilton 

18  Child  of  Cornells  Martise  Aelstyne 

20  Daughter  of  Saml  Criegeer 

21  Little  son  of  Livynis  Whine 

21  Elisabeth,  daughter  of  Rut  Van 
Woert 

21  Child  of  Jonas  Oolhout 

22  Child  of  Isaac  iSwitts 

25  Child  of  Jacob  Bleeker 

27  Hendk  Gansevoort 

28  Daughter  of  Lysbeih  Van  Vechten 
30  Johs  Ouderkerk 

Oct    1  WifeofOlderick  Van  Franke 
1  Child  of  Zacharias  Sischel 

4  Daughter  of  David  Dforeest 
7  Child  of  Pieter  Missel 

7  Child  of  Jonatan  Witbeck 
11  Johannis  Van  Scharluyn 
17  Wife  of  Hugan  Frele 

22  Son  of  Isaac  Bogert 

26  Abraham  Dox 

27  Johannis  A  Cuyler 

30  Child  of  Jacob  Ten  Eyck 
Noy  2  Marlie  Fonda 

3  Susanna  P  Wendell 

5  Killiann  Whine,  a  young  man  (of 

Pakesie) 
7  John  Schuyler  jr,  in  the  church 

10  Daughter  of  Evert  Wendell 

13  Child  of  Hendk  Gerrit  Van  Nes 

14  Sara,  daughter  of  Isaac  Greeveraet 
16  Jan  Cristiaense 

23  Gerrhie  Roseboom,  in  the  church 
23  Wynne  Berril 

25  Child  of  Mr  Corrie 
Dec  3  Child  of  Luykas  Tomase  Witbeck 


17  Daughter  of  AdriaenQuackenbos 

19  Catreen  Bovie 

20  Gerrit  Van  Wie 

25  Johs  Van  Vechten 

26  Lowis  Schredell 

31  Child  of  Richert  M  Van  Franke 

1747. 
Jan   7  Child  of  Christiaan  Lagraniel 

16  Child  of  Barent  A  Staats 

17  Sanuake  Schuyler 

Feb   1  Child  of  Pieter  Waldrun,  near  his 
house 

23  Wife  of  Johs  Van  Rensselaer,    in 

the  church 

Mar  2  Johs  Schuyler,  in  the  church 
12  Gerrit  Teumsse  Van  Vechten 
14  Geertruy  Groesbeck 
19  Maycke  Ouderkerk,  by  Pieter  Van 

Woert 
Apr  14  Volckie,    wife  of  Wynant   V  de 

Bergh 

16  by  William  Rogers  jr 

19  Child  of  John  Donway 
May  1  Child  of  Arent  Van  Deusen 
9  Symon  Daniels 

10  Son  of  John  Whitbeck  died   and 

was  buried 

25  Wife  of  Scheeboleth  Bogardus 
Jun  10  Child  of  Abraham  Yeats 

21  Cornells  Van  Dyck 

July  1  Patroon  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer, 

at  the  mills 
2  Evert  Van  Nes'  wife 

4  Cornelis  Swarthout 
14  Jacob  Bleecker 

14  Abraham  Cuyler,  in  the  church 
16  Child  of  Wouter  Knickerbacker 

18  Little  son   of    Mr  Catries,    in  the 

English  church. 

24  Wife  of  Meyndert  Schuyler,  in  the 

church 
31  Margrietie,  daughter  of  Abram 

Lansing 
Aug  4  Child  of  Jacob  Van  Benthuisen 

5  Child  of  V  P  Douw,  in  the  church 
5  Child  of  Benjamin  Goewey 

9  Jacob  Seene 

11  Son  of  Peter  Van  Beuren 

12  Jan  Van  Nes 

13  Child  of  Abram  Ja  Lansing 

14  Child  of  Benjamin  Van  Vechte 

15  Child  of  Maiiys  Van  d  Heyden 

18  Child  of  Andries  Van  Wie 

19  Johs  Marselis  jr,  by  Egbert  Brat 
19  Little  girl  of  Elisabeth  d  Waudlaer 
24  Child  of  Livynis  Wiiine 

24  Child  of  Dirck  Van  der  Heyden 

26  Child  of  Abram  Lansiiisrh 

27  Child  of  Wouier  N  Groesbeck 

29  Catrina,  daughter  of   Elisabeth 

Wendell 

30  Daughter  of  Calynlie  Van  der 

Bergh 
30  Child  of  Bastiaen  Tymesse 


244 


Dutch  Church  Burials, 


Sept  4  Child  of  Daniel  Hussen 
5  Child  of  Jacobus  Schuyler 
5  Wife  of  Philip  Wiune 
5  Daughter  of  Arye  Oothout 
7  Child  of  Adriaau  Quackenbos 

7  Child  of  Robert  Sanders 

8  Child  of  Gys>-erl  Van  Brakel 

9  Son  of  Gerrit  Marselis  [Jacob] 
10  Jochim,  son  of  Johs  V'isscher 
10  Gerrit,  son  of  Hendk  Gerritse 
10  Child  of  Sybram  Quackenbos 

10  Jochem,  son  of  Johs  Van  der 

Heyden 

11  Two  children  of  Benjamin  Bogart 

12  Child  of  Hendk  Bries 

12  Child  of  Volkert  Van  den  Bergh 

12  Daughter  of  Neeltie  Brat 

13  Giedeon  Quackenbos 

16  Child  of  Sybrunt  Goes  VanSchaick 

16  Child  of  Benjamin  Goevvey 

17  Daughter  of  Neeltie  Brat 
17  Child  of  Evert  Lansingh 
17  Child  of  Peter  Schuyler 

19  Little  son  of  Evert  Wendell 

20  Nicolas  Bleecker  jr 

20  Aunake,   daughter  of  Petrus  Bo- 

gardus 
20  Catrina,  widow  of  Willem  Groes. 

beck's  child 

20  Daughter  of    Catrina,    widow  of 

Martyn  Van  Aalstyn 

21  Child  of  Zacharias  Haes 
21  Child  of  John  Willems 
21  Child  of  Evert  Lansingh 
23  Child  of  Dirk  Olver 

23  Child  of  Isaac  Hansen 
23  Daughter  of  Arye  Oothout 

25  Child  of  Robert  Wendell 

26  Child  of  Abraham  H  Wendell 

26  Child  of  Cornelis  C  Van  denBergh 

26  Schiel>oleth  Bogardus 

27  Child  of  Rebecca,  widow  of  Hendk 

Brat 

27  Child  of  Rychart  Hansen 

28  Child  of  Johs  Cloet 

28  Child  of  Rynier  Van  Hoesen 

30  Two  children  of  Willem  Gysbert 

Van  den  Bergh 
Oct    1  Wife  of  Isaac  de  Voe 

2  Child  of  Johannis  Van  Wie 

2  Child  of  Nicholas  Cuyler 

3  Daughter  of  Willem  Van  d  Bergh 
3  Child  of  Harmen  Hun 

3  Little,  son  of  Barent  V  Yeveren 
3  Child  of  Jacob  Bogart  jr 

12  Child  of  Sybrant  Goes  Van  Shaick 

13  Child  of  James  Stenhuys 
20  Wife  of  Isaac  Outlerkerk 

25  Wife  of  Rutger  Blecker 
Novl7  Maryte  Winne 

26  Child  of  Johannis  Lansingh  jr 
EL''   *  >->i!'l  ot  II  urine  Kmckerbacker 

3  Coenradt  (Ruiesmayor) 
15  Cliild  of  John  Fryer 


21  Wife  of  Gerrit  Ryckseff 

24  Child  of  Corneles  Waldrum 

25  Wife  of  Pieter  Davids  Schuyler 

1743. 
Jan  13  Geritie  Rykerson 

14  Little  son  of  Catalyntie  Roseboom 
19  James,  son  of  Rolf  Schoon 

26  Daughter  of  Jellis  D  Garmo 
Feb   9  Geeatie  Kipp 

25  Annate  Hilton 

25  Obadya  Cooper's  child. 

28  Child  of  Johs  Van  Yeveren 
Mar  2  Child  of  Pieter  Schuyler 

23  Wife  of  Isaac  Fonda 

29  Daughter  of  Cornelia  Cooper 
31  Child  of  Gerrit  Marselis 

Apr  3  Child  of  Dirck  B  VanSchoonhoven 
9  Johs  Wendel's  cosyn   ( i.  e.  ne- 
phew ?) 

9  Wife  of  James  Steinhuys 
17  Wife  of  Obadya  Coeper 

19  Child  of  Johs  Ten  Eyck 

21  Wife  of  Pieter  Van  Beuren 

24  Marya  Gerritse 

May  16  Madame  Margrita  Collans,  hi  the 
church 

20  Wife  of  Abraham  Vinhagen 

24  Evert  Ryckse 

25  Johannis  Berreway 

30  Johannis  Hansen 
Jun  10  Alyda  Visscher 

July  5  Child  of  Thomas  Seeger 
8  Nicholas  Schuyler 

10  Child  of  Jan  Brat 

17  Child  of  Adam  Yates 

20  Pieter  Quackenbos 

24  Child  of  Robert  Sanders,  near  his 

house 
24  Child  of  Abraham  Lansingh,  near 

his  house 

29  Child  of  Jacob  H  Ten  Eyck 
Aug  3  Johs  L  Wliitbeck 
6  Johs  G  Lansingh 

15  Child  of  Antony  Van  der  Zee 

16  Wife  of  Andries  [Mahaiis] 

17  Child  of  Jacob  Egmond 

27  Rachel,  daughter  of  John  Whitbeck 

29  Lydia  Van  Vechte,  in  the  church 

30  Child  of  Hendk  Van  Nes 
Sept  2  Catie  Van  Weie 

4  Pieier  Ryckman 

11  AVife  of  Tomas  Coeper 

19  Melgert.  son  of  David  Groesbeck 
27  Two  children  of  Cornelis  Winne, 

by  his  house 
Oct   2  Gerrit  J*  Lansingh 

6  Child  of  Cornells  Snnford 
13  AVife  of  Volkert  N  D;>uw 
24  Child  of  Cornelis  Van  Nes 
Nov  3  Bregie,  sister  of  Cornelis  Clasen 
3  AVife  of  Tomas  Scherp 
6  Child  of  Johannis  V  Douw 

1749. 
Jan  3  Rynier  Van  Hoesen 


Dutch  Church  Buriah. 


245 


22  Child  of  Tomas  Coyper 
26  Tryntie  Vrooman 

26  Jacobus  Van  Schoonhoven 

28  Jan  Dreth 
Feb12  Willem  Hilten 

16  Child  of  Dirk  Van  Aesdale 

17  Child  of  Jacob  H  Ten  Eyck.  by 

his  house 
Mar  6  Child  of  Pieter  Lansingh 

18  Catrina,   daughter  of  Claes  Van 

Woert 

Apr  3  Wife  of  Jacob  R  Van  Woert 
7  Ragel  Redliff 

10  Johannis  Visscher 

14  Sara,  wife  of  Robert  Lansingh 
14  The  child  of  Arye  Oothout's 

[daughter] 

25  Daughter  of  Johs  Janz  Lansingh 
Jun  13  Child  of  Petrus  Van  Loon 
14  Child  of  Robt  Livingston 

16  Wife  of  Barent  Staats  jr 

17  Child  of  Cornells  C  Van  der  Bergh 

27  Child  of  Johs  Ten  Eyck 
July  1  Child  of  Robt  Lansingh 

2  Lievynis  Lieversen 

7  Gelyi  Splanck 

20  Child  of  Jacobus  Cleerment 

31  Child  of  Mr  Kartryt,  in  English 

church 
Aug  3  Child  of  Volkert  Van  der  Bergh 

1 1  Child  of  Bethe  Wilsen 

18  Child  of  Jacobus  Cleement 

23  Johannis  Pruyn 

31  Benjamin  Van  Vechte 

3i  Son  of  Berrk  Staats 

Sept  3  Child  of  Benjamin  Hilteu 

17  Pieter  Van  Aelen 
Ocl   2  Debora  Roseboom 

6  of  Jacob  Lansingh 

9  Child  of  Volkert  P  Douw 

24  Child  of  Bar-me  Gansvort 

29  Gysbert  Roseboom 
Nov4  Child  of  Jonas  Oothout 

8  Lynt'e,  wife  of  Abram  Douw 

11  Child  of  Killiaen  Van  Rensselaer 
Dec   3  John,  son  of  Ruben  Van  Vechte 

J4  Child  of  Abram  Yates 

25  Annatie,  wife  of  Antony  Van  d  Zee 

26  Antie  de  Bidder 

1750. 
Jan  3  Wife  of  Nicolas  Cuyler,  at  the  flats 

19  Wife  of  Joseph  Yeats  [Hendrike  ?1 
Feb  9  Child  of  John  R  Bleecker,  in  the 

church 

Mar  7  Child  of  Roelf,  servant  of  Pieter 
Whine 

9  Marya  Van  Deusen 

21  Child  of  Harmen  B  Visscher 

22  Child  of  Antony  Brat  jr 
Apr   7  Bettie  Wilson 

12  Johs  Van  Allen 
17  Robert  Wendell 

24  Cornelis  Van  Vechte 
29  Son  of  James  Stevenson,  in  the 
church 


May  4  Evert  Wendell 

25  Gerrit  Ja  Lansingh's  child 
June  7  Marte  Hoean 

13  [Tunik?J  Hoogh 

22  Luycas  Hooghkerk's  child 

26  Child  of  Pieter  D  Wandelier 
July  6  Child  of  Gerrit  Van  Franke 

22  Daughter  of  HeiHrick  Lansingh 
25  Child  of  Jacob  Ja  Lansing 

Aug  5  Child  of  Rychart  Hansen 

23  Abigail  Splank 

Sep  15  Nicolaes  Van  Schaick 

16  Wife  of  Johs  de  Peyster,  in  the 

church 

28  Son  of  Hendrick  Halenbeeck 

30  Johs  F  Van  Yveren's  child 
Oct  17  Salomon  Van  Vechte,  [on  the 

other  side.?] 

22  Johs  Vinhagen,  near  his  house 
Nov  6  Luychas  Hooghkerk's  wife 

17  Child  of  Marte  Bockley 

18  Elbert  Gerrits,  in  the  church 

19  Little  (laughter  of  Annake,  widow 

Pieter  Van  Alen 

23  Child  of  Philip  Hansen 

Dec  5  Child  of  David  Van  der  Heyden 

11  Child  of  Johs  Douw 

31  Daughter  of  Adam  Y acts 

1751. 

Jan   4  Nicolaes  Bleecker,  in  the  church 
7  DJrck  Ten  Broeck,  in  the  church 

14  Child  of  Staets  Zantfort 
30  Anna  Kisct»enar 

Feb  9  Daughter  of  G^rrrt  Van  Zarrte 
9  Child  of  John  Fryer 

17  Child  of  Baueimardus  Harsen 
Mar  10  Child  of  Pieter  M  de  Garmo 

15  Child  of  Pieter  D  Wandelaec 
19  Little  son  of  Rychart  Hansen 
21  Wife  of  Pieter  D  Wandelier 

25  Child  of  Willem  Van  Buren,  al 

Papsknee 

26  Child  of  Antony  Van  Yveren 
Apr  3  Child  of  Willem  Van  Zante 

4  Philip  Loock,  by  his  house 

12  Child  of  Abraham  Lansingh 

16  Little  girl  of  (Volkert  P  Douw) 

Catie  Cropel 

21  Child  of  Evert  Seeger 
23  Wife  of  Jacobus  Groesbeck 

29  Hendk  de  Witt's  son's  child 
May  4  Little  son  of  Gerrit  G  Van  der 

Bergh 

18  Hendrick  Douw 

28  Child  of  Johs  M  Felensburgh 
June  4  Little  child  of  Johs  Ten  Eyck 

10  Child  of  Tobias  Ten  Eyck 

26  Antony  Ay  Brat's  wife 
July  7  Antony  Ay  Brat's  child 

14  Child  of  Geradus  Groesbeeck 

18  Child  of  Tarn  Smitd 
Aug  10  Child  of  Billy  Bromly 

26  Child  of  Michael  Besset 
Sep  2  Antony  Van  Zante 


246 


Dutch  Church  Burials* 


5  Annetie,  wife  of  Claes  Fonda 
15  Wife  of  Adam  Yates 
Oct  13  Daughter  of  Sybrant  A  Van 

Schaiok 

30  Wife  of  John  G  Roseboom 
Nov  3  Children  of  Hendnck  G  Van  Nes 
12  Child  of  John  R  Bleecker,  in  the 
church 

1752. 

Jan      Wife  of  Volkert  Douw 
Feb  5  Barentie  Everse 
26  Arye  Oothout 

26  Daughter  of  Johs  Cloett 
Mar  6  Wife  of  Jacob  Maasen 

9  Wife  of  RolifSeeger 
19  Jannetje,  wife  of  Johs  Gr  Lansingh 
Apr  16  Wife  of  Pieter  Willems 
May  4  Willem  Van  Scharluyn 
Juu    2  Cornells  de  Hiller 

27  Samuel  Pruyn 

30  Child  of  Killiaen  Van  Rensselaer 
July  2  Elsie  Cuyler,  in  the  church 

7  Child  of  Roelif,  servant  of  Pieter 
Winne 

19  Child  of  Johs  Ten  Eyck 
9  Neeltie  Beeckman 

11  Asweurus  Wendell 

26  Children  of  Gerrit  Johs  Lansingh 

28  Barent  Staats,  at  the  Hoghbergb. 
30  Child  of  Abram  Yates 

Aug  9  Child  of  Johs  Gansvoort 

9  John  Waters 

17  Willem  Van  Beuren,  at  Papsknee 

18  Daughter  of  Margrietie,  widow  of 

Nicolas  Bleecker 
18  Child  of  Billy  Bronbely 
26  Elisabeth  Hooghkerk 
Sep  20  Child  of  Wilhelmus  Van  den 

Bergh  jr 

26  Child  of  Wouter  Knickerbacker 
30  Catie  Witbeck,  at  Papsknee 

Oct    1  The  sister  of  Gerrit  Van  der 

Bergh's  wife 

3  Wife  of  Marte  D  Stiller 
5  Willem,  son  of  David  Groesbeeck 
5  Child  of  Dirk  Olfer 
5  Child  of  Geradus  Lansingh 
13  Cornelia  Whine,  at  Bethelem 

21  Rver  Gerrits 

22  Child  of  John  Johs  Lansingh 
30  Child  of  Tomas  Seeger 

Nov  12  Child  of  Gerrit  Van  Franken 
13  Child  of  Jacob  Van  Schayck 

20  Child  of  Johs  Bleecker  jr 

23  Thomas  Willems 
Dec  4  Wife  of  Johs  Bleecker 

27  Child  of  Jacob  Coeper 

29  Child  af  Antony  Gose  Van  Schayck 
29  Child  of  Antony  Egbertie  Brat 

1753 

Jan  23  Coenradt  Te  Eycke 
Feb  6  Antony  Coster,  in  the  church 

10  Child  of  Barenhardus  Harsen 
16  Child  of  John  Jacobse  Eversen 


23  Hester  Van  Arenero 
Mar  5  Tryntie  Waldrum 

20  Elsie,  daughter  of  Leendert  Gan- 
sevoort 

25  Child  of  Jacob  Bogart  jr 

29  Edward  Collins,  in"  our  church 
May  4  Pieter  Schuyler's  child,  at  the  flats 

19  Child  of  Abram  Yates 
Jun  16  Child  of  Pieter  Johe  Garmo 

26  Willem  Mecryda 

30  Abraham  E  Wendell 
July  8  Child  of  Harmen  Hun 

28  Child  of  Isaac  Hanse 
Aug  1  Son  of  Gerrit  Van  Zante 

10  Child  of  Johs  Flensburgh 

11  Child  of  Johs  Gansevoort 
13  Child  of  Marte  Van  Yveren 

Sept  2  Volkert  Douw 

2  Pieter  Sohnyler  ir.  at  the  flats 

3  Cornells  Sliiigeilandt.  ai  iNiocatlia 
6  Wife  of  John  Bertely,  by  Koeye- 

man 

8  Child  of  Adriaen  Quackenbos 
11  Child  of  Marte  Van  Yveren 
13  Wife  of  Thomas  Seger 

17  Sarah  Hoogkerk 

22  Hendrick  Bries,  at  Papsknee 

23  Child  of  Philip  Hansen 

29  Child  of  Abram  Coeper 
Oct  16  Joseph  Janz  Van  Zante 

20  Mr  Smit  the  schoolmaster's  child 
22  Wife  of  Benjamin  Kgbertz 

Nov  7  John  Roseboom  [  Doxter] 

28  Child  of  Isaac  Fonda 

Dec  5  Child  of  Steven  Van  Schack 

10  Jeramiah  Schuyler,  at  the  flats 

15  Child  of  Jacob  Van  der  Heyden, 
near  his  house 

1754. 
Jan  3  Ragel  Van  der  Heyden.  at  the  flats 

13  Elisabeth  Corlaer,  in  the  church 
Feb  5  Rabecca,  wife  of  Pieter  Bogart 

22  Wife  of  Johs  Van  der  Heyden 
26  Christoffel  Yates 

Mar  8  Ariaentie,  wife  of  Douw  Van 
Vechten 

11  Elisabeth,  wife  of  Jonas  Oothout 

[was  a  Lansing] 

18  A  High  Dutchman 

Apr  25  Geertruy,  wife  of  Ryer  Gerritz 
25  Daughter  of  Johs  Van  Rensellaer 

29  Child  of  Martin  Bockeley 
May  10 

19  Wife  of  Marte  Bockely 
Jan  13  Johs  D  Freest 

23  Child  of  Isaac  Freest 
Jul  10  Child  of  Abram  Bogart  jr 

10  Child  of  Gysbcrt  Fonda,  "tavont" 
17  Samuel  Coeyman 
Aug  11   Harme  Hun's  child 

17  Child  of  Willem  Winne 

20  Catryn.  wife  of  James  Way 
23  Child  of  Wouter  Groesbeeck 
23  Jan,  son  of  Harm  Van  Hoesen 


Dutch  Church  Burials. 


247 


Sept  1  Abram  Pells 

8  Child  of  Johs  M  De  Garmo 

8  Child  of  Kerry  Van  Dyck 

9  Wife  of  Samuel  Cregier 
22  Child  of  Pieter  Waldrum 
25  Wife  of  Petrus  Hilton 

27  Child  of  Cornells  Groot. 
Oct  2  Child  of  Petrus  Hilten 

7  Cnild  of  Theunis  Van  Vechte 

10  Child  of  John  Davids 

11  Wife  of  Atlriaen  Brat 

17  Cornelia,  daughter  of  Johs  Freest 

18  Wife  of  \ntony  Johs  Brat 
21  Child  of  Adriaen  Brat 

21  Child  of  Rykert  Hausen 

21  Child  of  CaptHischen  Holland 

27  Elisabeth  Vischer,  mother  of  H 

Vischer 

29  Hendrick  Roseboom 
Nov  12  Harmanis  P  Wendell 
14  Geertie  Groesbeeck 

25  Bettie  Groesbeeck 

26  Child  of  Gerrit  Lansingh 
Dec  3  Child  of  Ben  Williams 

7  Luyckas  J  Wyugart,  in  the  church 

12  John  Daniels 

18  Catrina,  wife  of  David  Groesbeek 

18  Wife  of  Robert  Berret 

21  Wife  of  Wynant  C  Van  denBergh 

28  Wife  of  Hendrick  Van  Nes 

1755. 
Jan  4  Annatie,  wife  of  Rychert  Van 

Franc ke 

11  Jacob  Eversen 
14  Abraham  Wendell 
16  Child  of  Johs  Yates,  at  Greenbush 

22  Wife  of   Robert  Wendell,  at  the 

flats 
24  Child  of  Henry  Van  Dyck 

27  Janr.etie  Gelen,  in  the  church 
Feb  5  Hendk  Eversen 

Mar  6  Eva  Beeckmau 

13  Child  of  Jacob  Johs  Van  der  Hey- 

den 

20  Child  of  Johs  Johs  Lansingh 
22  Wife  of  Johannis  Goewey 

28  Abram  To's  Witbeck's  Wife,  at 

Papsknee 

May  5  A  child  buried  by  David  Groes- 
beeck 

6  Child  of  Abram  Yates 

7  Wife  of  Isaac  Ouderkerk 

8  Child  of   Johs  Seeger's  youngest 

daughter 
June  4  Jacob  Maasen 

6  Daughter  of  Gerrit  Van  Zante 

7  Daughter  of  Salomon  Goewey 

11  Child  of  Dirk  Van  der  Heyden 

12  Wife  of   Johs  Fonda,   at  the  pa- 

troon's 
July  9  Wife  of  Rutger  Van  Woert 

11  Wife  of  Abraham  Van  Arnera  (Ja 
Lansingh  do) 


19  Child  of  John  Lansingh 

21  Child  of  John  Lansingh 

22  Child  of  Pieter  Gansvort 

23  Child  of  Robt  Berrit 

24  Child  of  Geradus  Lansingh 

26  Child  of  Volkert  P  Douw,  in  the 

church 

29  Cornells  Bogart 
3d  Child  of  David  Abeel 
Aug  3  Isaac  Fryer,  in  the  English  church 
4  Marte  Van  Aelslyn,  son  of  Martyn 

10  Child  of  Beimome 

15  (Janna  Peisen) 

22  Child  of  Johs  Johs  Wendell 

23  Child  of  Puilip  Deforeest 
Sept  2 

3  Child  of  Fredk  Gerrits 

6  Wife  of  Daniel  Haelenbeeck 

11  Child  of  Harm  Gansevort 

18  Child  of  Robt  Crannel 
27 

27  Child  of  Volkert  Van  den  Bergh 
Oct  7  Child  of  Daniel  Haelenbeck 

8  Mayors  Foot,  by  Pieter  Douw 

21  Myndert  Schuyler,  in  the  church 

24  Willem  Hilton,  a  young  man 
2-5  Isaac  Fort 

31  Johs  N  Schuyler,  at  the  Hogh- 

bergh 
Nov  3  Harm  Ryckman 

4  Child  of  Jacob  Gerritz  VanSchayck 

12  John  Isa  Wendell  (in)  Boston 

16  A  New.England  officer,   by  John 

E  Wendell 

19  Child  of  Artnt  Van  Deusen 

20  Cristina  Cuyler,  in  the  church 

22  Child  of  Pieter  M  de  Garmo 

24  Pieter  Martin 

25  Child  of  Andries  Gardinier 
Dec  3  Hendriekis  M  Beeckman 

15  Child  of  Abram  Peeck 

17  Child  of  A  bram  P  Bogart 

1756 

Jan  2  Elisabeth  Brat,  in  the  church 
6  Douwe  Isa  Fonda's  wife 
6  Kerry  Abeel 

21  Appeelouie  Merit 

21  By  Johs  Flensburgh,  Sirsieman 
Feb  2  Gerrit  Roelfse 

4  Wife  of  Rynier  Meyndertse,  by  R 

V  Woert 

14  Child  of  Maria  Van  der  Heyden 
Mar  4  Child  of  Jhs  Knickerbacker 
4  Child  of  Johs  Ja  Eversen 
6  Child  of  Abraham  Ten  Broeck 

18  Willem  Nicolaes,  in  the  church 

20  Lybitie  Olinue 

2D  Child  (son)  of  Walrt  raven  Cloet 

21  Child  of  Abram  H  Wendell 

26  Child  of  Harme  Gansevoort 
Apr  6  Wife  of  Pieter  Douw 

6  Samuel  Ten  Broeck 
8  Maria,  wife  of  Cornells  Van  Dyck 
12  Johs,  sou  of  Willem  Van  Zaute 


248 


Dutch  Church  Burials. 


May  18  Child  of  Abram  Van  Franc-he 
18  Cornells  Waldrum 
27  Son  of  John  Raely 

30  Wife  of  Jacob  Van  Woert 
June  8  A  son  of  Spinier 

9  Luycas,  sonof  Luyckas  Hoogkerke 
21   Wife  of  Abram  Mynderse 
27  Thunis  Van  Vechte 
Jul  13  John  Bries.  by  Jan  Witbeeken 
21  Child  of  Thunis  Van  Vechte 
23  Child  of  Isaac  Fonda  jr 

31  Child  of  Jacob  Spruger 

Aug  2  Johs  Halenbeeck.  by  Abram  Yates 
5  Rutger  Bleecker,  in  the  church 

10  Child  of  Johs  Ten  Eyck 

tO  Madame  Van  Driesen,  in  the 

church 

;14  Child- of  Fredk  Cloet 
.17  Child  of  Ringer  Van  den  Bergh 

23  Child  of  Harm  J  Visseher 

26  CKild  o'f  Pefrus  Vosbnrgh 
,,26  A  .      [Abram  Van  Duse] 

/•jSft,  Mafy  Wyngar't 
*  2a'-GHild  df.John'M  Beockman 
<;  l8*C1iildof'JohnCloetjr 

23  Chtfd  of  Johs  Ja  Muller 
'29  Jesee  Winne 

30  Child  of  Abram  Ja  Lansingh 

Sept  1  Child  of  Abram  Van  den  Bergh 

I  Wife  of  Hendk  Mayor 

5  Child  of  Basiian  T  Vi-scher 

5  Child  of  Antony  Flensburgh/ 

5  Johs  Brat  Brat 

1 1  Leindert  Van  Vechte 

13  Daughter  of  Old  rick  Van  Franke 
17  Child  of  Johs  Van  Zante  jr 
19  John  B  Wendell 

19  Wife  of  Harmanus  Wendell 

21  Child  of  Cornells  M  Vanden  Bergh 

22  A  Roeyland  man.  by  John  Peys 

25  Child  of  Andries  Gasdanier 

27  Jesse  D  Forest 

27  Johs  Arie  OcHhout    • 
29  A  by  Johs  Visscher  Harme 

Oct  2  A  by  Staets  Santford 

6  Johs  Poc 

7  Wife  of  Albartus  Maase 

11  Child  of  Dirk  B  Van  Schoonhoven 

12  Robert  Berret 

15  Child  of  Albartus  Maase 

15  Wife  of  Pieter  Maase 

16  Child  of  Robert  Sanders,    buried 

Barent 

17  Jacob  Lansingh,  by  his  house 

18  Maria,  daughter  of  Aswerus 

20  Son  of  Jacobus  Schuyler 

21  Pieter  S  Bogardus 

24  Maria  Van  Aelstyn 

26  Johs  Beeckman 

26  Johs  Pierson 

27  Pieter  Lorkerman 

29  Wife  of  Andries  Gardinier  jun 
38  Child  of  James  Adam 
3&  Child  of  Pieter  Alaasen 


Nov  4  Pieter  Goewey 

5  Barent,  son  of  John  Bleecker 
7  Child  of  Mart/nis  Cregier 

18  Willem  Bort,  patooman 

18  Child  of  Johs  Ja  Eversen 

29  Daughter  of  Johs  Ten  Broecfc 
Dec  6  Haas  Hansen 

17  .'an  Maaseu  jr 

20  Henry  Douw,  at  Greenbush 

23  A  Highdutchman's  wife 

30  Catie  Van  vSchayck 

31  Madame  Elisabeth  VanRensselaer 

1757. 

Jan   6  Wife  of  Harm  Liverse 
7  Willem  Crennel 

7  Little  son  of  Geradns  Grooesbeeefc 

8  Child  of  a  Highdutchman 
10  Son  of  Edward  Willems 

16  Child  of  Harm  Liverse 

19  Johs  Redlif 

2!   Wife  of  David  Groesbeeck 

22  Son  of  Edward  Willems 

24  Olderick  Van  Francke 

26  Child  of  Gera/ms  Groesbeeck 
Feb  1  Wife  of  Pieter  Quackenbos 

6  Son  of  Geradns  Groesbeeck 

9  Wife  of  John  Kaar 
13  Ragel  Bogardus 

Mar  15  Johs,  son  of  Roelf  Seger 

17  Child  of  the  daughter  of  Joh» 

Wyngart 

31  ChiM  of  Johs  Coon 
May  2  Catrina,  wife  of  Isaac  Vosbergh 
3  Elisabeth  Roster,  in  the  church 

6  Two  children  of  Volkert  Van  den 

Bergh 

»        9  Child  of  Abram  Bogart 
10  Johannis  Bleecker 
15  Wife  of  Abram  H  Wendell 
28  Child  of  Jacob  Van  Schayck 
3fl  Wife  of  Meyndert  Marsefis 
30  Daughter  of  Symon  Vedder 

June  2  Child  of  Pinter  Waldrum 

7  Child"  of  Johs  Van  Yveren 
17  Wife  of  Johs  Segers  jr 

23  Child  of  Pieter  Hilton 

24  Georgie  Lombers 

26  Child  of  David  tSprugert 

30  Catrien.  daughter  of  Gysbert  Van 

den  Bergh 

25  Child  of  Frans  Lansingh 

Jul  11  Sonof  Dirk  Brat  VanSchoonhoven 

Cose 
21  Child  of  the  widow  of  Jesse  Winne 

27  Wife  of  Jacob  Roseboom 
27  A  man,  by  Staats  Zanlfort 

31  Little  son  of  Isaac  D  Fonda 
Aug  3  Child  of  Jellis  K  Winne 

5  Child  of  Gysbert  Marselis 
10  Child  of  Harm  B  Visscher 

13  Child  of  Pieter  Messel 

14  Daughter  of  Dirk  B  Schoouho^en 
24  Child  of  Jonas  Oothout 

26  Child  of  Jacob  Ja  Lansingh 


Dutch  Church  Buriah. 


249 


27  Gerrit  Janz  Lansinarh 

28  Child  of  Jobs  M  Beeckman 
Sept  1  Child  of  Johs  M  Flensburgh 

2  Wife  of  Hendk  Peeger 

2  Child  of  Antony  Van  Yveren 

5  Child  of  Jacob  Bog-art 

7  Little  girl  of  Jonas  Oolhout 

12  ChiM  of  Abram  Freest 

13  A  Boston  captain,  by  Abram  Lan- 

singh 

14  Sara  Luykase 

15  Child  of  Dom  Freelinghuyse 
20  Child  of  Pieter  M  D  Garmo 

29  John  Fryer's  child 

29  Child  of  Hend  Wendel 
Oct  7  Child  of  Pieter  Jongs 

9  <  hild  of  Jacob  G  Van  Schnyck 
12  Child  of  Will  Van  den  Bergh  jr 


12  Child  of  Antony  Van  der  Zee 
14  Child  of  Michel  Bessett 
18  Child  of  Philip  D  Foreest 
20  Child  of  Cornells  Santford 

20  Child  of  Marte  Van  Kj  vere 
22  Child  of  Johs  Knickerbacker 

Nov  9  Child  of  Bastiaen  Visscher 
12  Child  of  Petnis  Vosburgh 
14  Hester  Swits 

21  Barent  Sanders,  in  the  church 

22  Child  of  Thunis  Van  Woert 
30  Child  of  Pieter  Waldrum 

Dec  1  Child  of  Johs  Van  Zanie 

5  An  officer,  by  Symon  Ridder 
10  Child  of  Hendk  Gerrits 
12  Lena  Lansingh 
12  Child  of  Pieter  Lanj 
12  BastinerG 


at  aria 

FAMILY  RECORD  FROM  THE  GROESBECK  BIBLE  : 

Now  in  the  Possession  of  DAVID  GJROESBECK.  of  Albany. 


1724  Nov  8. 

1725  Aug  2. 

1726  Dec  24. 
1728  Aug  5. 
1730  Apr  HO. 
1732  Apr  13. 
1734  Feb  23. 

1736  Apr  — . 

1737  May   8. 
1739  Apr  30. 
1741  Jul    12. 
1745  Mar  12. 
1766  (1763?) 

1692  Mar  17. 

1763  Feb    3. 

1752  Dec  23. 

1753  Jun  17. 

1754  Nov  30. 
1754  Dec  15. 
1765  Sep  28. 

1795  Mar  30. 
1818  Apr  20. 


I,  David  Groesbeck  senior,  married 

who  died  January  18,  1757. 
My  son  William  was  born. 
My  daughter  Catrinn  was  born. 
My  son  David  was  born  (m.  1752). 
My  daushter  Mary  was  born. 
My  son  Melleghast  was  born. 
My  son  John  was  born. 
My  son  Abram  died  (born  dead?). 
My  daushter  Cathryna  was  born. 
My  daughter  Gertruy  was  born. 
My  son  John  was  born. 
My  daughter  Catelyna  was  born. 
David  Groesbeck  senior  died. 


Maria  VanderPoel, 

Died  Oct  3,  1752. 
Died  Jan  1,  1732. 
Died  Mar  30,  1795. 
Died  Jan  26,  1732. 
Died  Sep  18,  1748. 
Died  Jan  23,  1737. 


Died  Aug  25,  1745. 
Died  Jan    6,  1766. 


My  father  (David  Groesbeck  sen,  son  of  William  Claas 

Groesbeck)  was  born. 
My  father  died. 

I,  David  Groesbeck  jun,  married  Catrina  Vedder. 
My  son  William  was  born. 
My  son  Cornells  was  born. 
My  wife  died. 
I  married  Sara  Winne,  who  was  born  July  21    1754  (m. 

at  11?). 

David  Groesbeck  junior  died. 
Sarah  Winne,  his  widow,  died. 


250 


Biographical  Sketch  of  Gen.  Schuyler. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCH  OF  GENERAL  PHILIP  SCHUYLER. 
By  the  Hon.  JAMES  KENT. 

THE  Dutch  family  of  Schuyler  stands  conspicuous  in  our  colonial  annals. 
Colonel  Peter  Schuyler  was  mayor  of  Albany,  and  commander  of  the 
northern  militia  in  1690.  He  was  distinguished  for  his  probity  and 
activity  in  all  the  various  duties  of  civil  and  military  life.  No  man 
understood  better  the  relation  of  the  Celony  with  the  Five  Nations  of 
Indians,  or  had  more  decided  influence  with  that  confederacy.  He  had 
frequently  chastised  the  Canadian  French  for  their  destructive  incursions 
upon  the  frontier  settlements  ;  and  his  zeal  and  energy  were  rewarded 
by  a  seat  in  the  Provincial  Council,  and  the  House  of  Assembly  gave 
their  testimony  to  the  British  Court  of  his  faithful  services  and  good 
reputation.  It  wa->  this  same  vigilant  officer  who  gave  intelligence  to 
the  inhabitants  of  Deerfield,  on  Connecticut  river,  cf  the  designs  of  the 
French  and  Indians  upon  them,  some  short  time  before  the  destruction 
of  that  village  in  1704.  In  1720,  as  president  of  the  council,  he  became 
acting  governor  of  the  colony  for  a  short  time,  previous  to  the  accession 
of  Governor  Burnet.  His  son,  Colonel  Philip  Schuyler,  was  an  active 
and  efficient  member  of  assembly  for  the  city  and  county  of  Albany,  in 
1743.  But  the  Philip  Schuyler  to  whom  I  particularly  allude,  and  who 
in  a  subsequent  age  shed  such  signal  lustre  upon  the  family  name,  was 
born  at  Albany  in  the  year  1733;  and  at  an  early  age  he  began  to  display 
his  active  mind  and  military  spirit  He  was  a  captain  in  the  New-York 
levies  at  Fort  Edward  in  1755,  and  accompanied  the  British  army  in  the 
expedition  down  Lake  George  in  the  summer  of  1758.  He  was  with 
Lord  Howe  when  he  fell  by  the  fire  of  the  enemy,  on  landing  at  the 
north  end  of  the  lake  ;  and  he  was  appointed  (as  he  himself  informed 
me)  to  convey  the  body  of  that  young  a  nd  lamented  nobleman  to  Albany, 
where  he  was  buried  with  appropriate  solemnities  in  the  Episcopal 
Church. 


Biographical  Sketch  of  Gen.  Schuyler.  2-^1 

We  next  fin  I  him  under  the  title  of  Colonel  Schuyler,  in  company  with 
his  compatriot  George  Clinton,  in  the  year  1768,  on  the  floor  of  the 
House  of  Assembly,  taking  an  active  share  in  all  their  vehem  nt  dis- 
cussions. Neither  of  them  was  to  be  overawed  or  seduced  from  a  bold 
and  determined  defence  of  the  constitutional  rights  of  the  colonies,  and 
of  an  adherence  to  the  leiter  and  spirit  of  he  councils  of  the  union. 
The  struggle  in  the  House  of  Assembly,  between  the  ministerial  and 
the  whig  parties,  was  brought  to  a  crisis  in  the  months  of  February 
and  March,  1775;  and  in  that  memorable  contest,  Philip  Schuyler  and 
George  Clinton,  together  with  Nathaniel  Woodhull  of  Long  Island, 
acted  distinguished  parts.  On  the  motions  to  eive  the  thanks  of  the 
House  to  the  delegates  from  the  colony  in  the  Continental  Congress  of 
September,  1774,  and  to  thank  the  merchants  and  inhabitants  of  the 
colony  for  their  adherence  to  the  non-importation  and  the  association 
recommended  by  Congress,  those  patriots  found  themselves  in  the  mi- 
nority; but  their  courage  and  resolution  gained  strength  from  defeat. 

On  the  third  of  March,  Col.  Schuyler  moved  declaratory  resolutions 
that  the  act  4  Geo.  III.  imposing  duties  for  raising  a  revenue  in  America, 
and  for  the  extending  the  juiisdiction  of  admiralty  courts,  and  for  de- 
priving his  majesty's  subjects  in  America  of  trial  by  jury,  and  for  holding 
up  an  injurious  discrimination  between  the  subjects  of  Great  Britain 
find  those  of  the  colonies,  were  great  grievances.  The  government 
party  seem  to  have  fled  the  question,  and  to  have  left  in  the  House  only 
the  scanty  number  of  nine  members,  and  the  resolutions  were  carried 
by  a  vole  of  seven  to  two;  but  their  opponents  immediately  rallied,  and 
eleven  distinct,  divisions,  on  different  motions,  were  afterwards  taken  in 
the  course  of  that  single  day.  and  entered  on  the  journal,  and  they  re- 
lated to  all  the  momentous  points  then  in  controversy  between  Great 
Britain  and  the  United  Colonies.  It  was  a  sharp  and  hard-fought  contest 
fur  fundamental  principles;  and  a  more  solemn  and  eventful  debate 
rarely  ever  happened  on  the  floor  of  a  deliberative  assembly.  The 
House  consisted  on  that  day  of  twenty-four  members,  and  the  ministerial 
majority  was  exactly  in  the  ratio  of  two  to  one  ;  and  the  intrepidity, 
talents,  and  services  of  the  three  members  I  have  named,  and  especially 
of  Schuyler  and  Clinton,  were  above  all  praise,  and  laid  the  foundation 
for  those  lavish  marks  of  honor  and  confidence  which  their  countrymen 
were  afterwards  so  eager  to  bestow. 

The  resistance  of  the  majority  of  the  House  was  fairly  broken  down, 
and  essentially  controlled  by  the  efforts  of  the  minority  and  the  energy 
of  public  opinion.  A  series  of  resolutions,  declaratory  of  American 
grievances,  were  passed,  and  petitions  to  the  King-  and  Parliament 
adopted,  not  indeed  in  all  respects  such  as  the  leaders  of  the  minority 
wished  (for  all  their  amendment-"  were  voted  down),  but  they  were 
nevertheless  grounded  upon  the  principles  of  the  American  Revolution. 
They  declared  that  the  claims  of  taxation  and  absolute  sovereignty  on 
the  part  of  the  British  Parliament,  and  the  extension  of  admiralty  juris- 
diction, were  grievances  and  unconstitutional  measures;  and  that  the 
act  of  Parliament,  shnlting  up  the  port  of  Boston,  and  altering  the 
charter  of  that  colony,  also  was  a  grievance. 

These  were  the  last  proceedings  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the 
Colony  of  New-York,  which  now  closed  its  existence  forever.  More 
perilous  scenes,  and  new  and  brighter  paths  of  glory,  were  opening  upon 
the  vision  of  those  illustrious  patriots. 


252  Biographical  Sketch  of  Gen.  Sckuyhr. 

The  delegates  from  this  colony  to  the  first  Continental  Congress  in 
1774,  were  not  chosen  by  the  General  Assembly,  but  by  the  suffrages  of 
the  people,  manifested  in  some  sufficiently  authentic  shape  in  the  several 
counties. 

The  delegates  to  the  second  constitutional  Congress,  which  met  in 
May,  1775,  were  chosen  by  a  provincial  congress,  which  the  people  of 
the  colony  had  already  created,  and  which  was  held  in  this  city  in  April 
of  that  year,  and  had  virtually  assumed  the  powers  of  government. 
The  names  of  the  delegates  from  this  colony  to  this  second  congress, 
were  John  Jay.  John  Alsop,  James  Duane,  Philip  Schuyler,  George 
Clinton,  Lewis  Morris  and  Robert  R  Livingston;  and  the  weight  of 
their  talents  and  character  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact,  that  Mr.  Jay, 
Mr.  Livingston,  Mr.  Duane  and  Mr  Schuyler  were  early  placed  upon 
committees  charged  with  the  most  arduous  and  responsible  duties.  We 
find  Washington  and  Schuyler  associated  together  in  the  committee  ap- 
pointed on  the  fourteenth  of  June,  1775,  to  prepare  rules  and  regulations 
for  the  government  of  the  army.  This  association  of  those  great  men, 
commenced  at  such  a  critical  moment,  was  the  beginning  of  a  mutual 
confidence,  respect  and  admiration,  which  coniinued  with  uninterrupted 
and  unabated  vividness  during  the  rema  nderof  their  lives.  An  allusion 
is  made  to  this  friendship  in  the  memoir  of  a  former  president  of  the 
New- York  Historical  Society,  and  the  allusion  is  remarkable  for  its 
strength  and  pathos.  After  mentioning  General  Schuyler,  he  adds,  "  I 
have  placed  thee,  my  friend,  by  the  side  of  him  who  knew  thee  ;  thy 
intelligence  to  discern,  thy  zeal  to  promote  thy  country's  good  ;  and, 
knowing  thee,  prized  thee.  Let  this  be  thy  eulogy.  I  add,  and  with 
truth  peculiarly  thine — content  it  should  be  mine  to  hr.ve  expressed  it." 

The  Congress  of  this  Colony,  during  the  years  1775  and  1776,  had  to 
meet  difficulties  and  dangers  almost  sufficient  to  subdue  the  firmest 
resolution.  The  population  of  the  Colony  was  short  of  200,000  souls. 
It  had  a  vast  body  of  disatfected  inhabitants  within  its  own  bosom.  It 
had  numerous  tribes  of  hostile  savages  on  its  extended  frontier.  The 
bonds  of  society  seemed  to  have  been  broken  up,  and  society  itself  re- 
solved into  its  primitive  elements.  There  vras  no  civil  government,  but 
such  as  had  been  introduced  by  the  provincial  congress  and  county 
committees  as  temporary  expedients.  It  had  an  enemy's  province  in  the 
rear,  strengthened  by  large  and  well-appointed  forces.  It  had  an  open 
and  exposed  senport,  without  any  adequate  means  to  defend  it.  In  the 
summer  of  J776,  the  state  was  actually  invaded,  not  only  upon  our  Ca. 
nadian.  but  upon  our  Atlantic  frontier,  by  a  formidable  fleet  and  army, 
calculated  by  the  power  that  sent  them  to  be  sufficient  to  annihilate  at 
once  all  our  infant  republics. 

In  the  midst  of  this  appalling  storm,  the  virtue  of  our  people,  animated 
by  a  host  of  intrepid  patriots,  the  mention  of  whose  names  is  enough  to 
kindle  enthusiasm  in  the  breast  of  the  present  generation,  remained 
glowing,  unmoved,  and  invincible.  It  would  bo  difficult  to  find  any  other 
people  who  have  been  put  to  a  severer  test,  or,  on  trial,  gave  higher 
proofs  of  courage  and  capacity. 

On  the  nineteenth  of  June,  1775,  Philip  Schuyler  was  appointed  by 
Congress  the  third  major  general  in  the  armies  of  the  United  Colonies ; 
and  such  was  his  singular  promptitude,  that,  in  eleven  days  from  this 
appointment,  we  find  him  in  actual  service,  corresponding  with  Congress 


Biographical  Sketch  of  Gen.  Schuyler.  253 

from  a  distance  on  business  that  required  and  received  immediate  at- 
tention In  July,  1775,  he  Was  placed  at  the  head  of  a  board  of  com- 
missioners for  the  northern  department,  and  empowered  to  employ  all 
the  troops  in  that  department  at  his  discretion,  subject  to  the  future 
orders  of  the  commander-in-chief.  He  was  authorised,  if  he  should  find 
it  practicable  and  expedient,  to  take  possession  of  St.  Johns  and  Mont- 
real ;  and  pursue  any  other  measure  in  Canada,  having  a  tendency,  in 
his  judgment,  to  promote  the  peace  and  security  of  the  United  Colonies. 

In  September,  1775,  Gen.  Schuyler  was  acting  under  positive  instruc- 
tions to  enter  Canada  ;  and  he  proceeded,  with  Generals  Montgomery 
and  Wooster  under  his  command,  to  the  Isle  au  Noix.  He  had  at  that 
time  become  extremely  ill,  and  he  was  obliged  to  leave  the  command  of 
the  expedition  to  devolve  upon  Gen.  Montgomery.  The  latter,  under 
his  orders,  captured  the  garrisons  of  Chambly  and  St.  Johns,  and  pressed 
forward  to  Montreal  and  Quebec.  Montreal  was  entered  on  the  twelfth 
of  November,  1775,  by  the  troops  under  the  immediate  orders  of  Mont- 
gomery;  and  in  the  same  month,  a  committee  from  Congress  was  ap- 
pointed to  confer  with  General  Schuyler,  relative  to  raising  troops  in 
Canada  for  the  possession  and  security  of  that  province.  His  activity, 
skill,  and  zeal  shone  conspicuously  throughout  that  arduous  northern 
campaign;  and  his  unremitting  correspondence  received  the  most  prompt 
and  marked  consideration. 

While  the  expedition  under  Montgomery  was  employed  in  Canada, 
Gen.  Schuyler  was  called  to  exercise  his  influence  and  power  in  another 
quarter  of  his  military  district  On  ihe  thirtieth  of  December,  1775,  he 
was  ordered  to  disann  the  disaffected  inhabitants  of  Tryon  county,  then 
under  the  influence  of  Sir  John  Jolmson  ;  and  on  the  eighteenth  of  Ja- 
nuary following,  he  made  a  treaty  with  the  disaffected  portion  of  the 
people  in  that  western  part  of  the  state.  The  Continental  Congress 
were  so  highly  satisfied  with  his  conduct  in  that  delicate  and  meritorious 
service,  as  to  declare,  by  a  special  resolution,  that  he  had  executed  his 
trust  with  fidelity,  prudence  and  despatch  5  and  they  ordered  a  publica- 
tion of  the  narrative  of  his  march  in  depth  t'f  winter  into  the  regions 
bordering  on  the  middle  and  upper  Mohawk  The  duties  imposed  upon 
that  officer  were  so  various,  multiplied  and  incessant,  as  to  require 
rapid  movements,  sufficient  to  distract  and  confound  an  ordinary  mind. 
Thus,  on  the  thirtieth  of  December,  1775,  he  \vas  ordered  to  disarm  the 
lories  in  Tryon  county.  On  the  eighth  of  January,  K76,  he  was  or- 
dered  to  have  the  River  St.  Lawrpnce,  above  and  below  Quebec,  well 
explored.  On  the  twenty  fifth  of  January,  he  was  ordered  to  have  the 
fortress  of  Ticonderoga  repaired  and  made  defensible  ;  and  on  the 
seventeenth  of  February,  he  was  directed  to  take  tl  e  command  of  the 
forces,  and  conduct  the  military  operations  at  the  city  of  Newr-York. 
All  these  cumulative  and  conflicting  orders  from  Congress  were  made 
upon  him  in  the  course  of  «ix  weeks,  and  they  were  occasioned  by  the 
embarrassments  and  distresses  of  the  times. 

In  March,  1776,  Congress  changed  their  plan  of  operation,  and  directed 
Gen.  Schuyler  to  establish  his  head  quarters  at  Albany,  and  superintend 
the  army  destined  for  Canada.  He  was  instructed  to  take  such  orders 
as  lie  should  deem  expedient,  respecting  the  very  perplexing  and  all- 
important  subject  of  the  supplies  for  the  troops  in  Canada  ;  and  those 
orders  as  to  the  supplies  were  repeated  in  April,  and  again  in  May, 


254  Biographical  Sketch  of  Ge/t.  Schuyler. 

1776.  The  duty  of  procuring  supplies,  though  less  splendid  in  its  effects, 
is  often  more  effectual  to  the  safety  and  success  of  an  army  than  prowess 
in  the  Held.  Gen.  Schuyler,  by  his  thorough  business  habits,  his  precise 
attention  to  details,  and  by  his  skill  and  science  in  every  duty  connected 
with  the  equipment  of  an  army,  was  admirably  fitted  to  be  at  the  head 
of  the  commissariat;  and  he  gave  life  and  vigor  to  every  branch  of  the 
service.  His  versatile  talents,  equally  adapted  to  investigation  and 
action,  rendered  his  merits  as  an  officer  of  transcendent  value. 

On  the  fourteenth  of  June,  1776,  ho  was  ordered  by  Congress  to  hold 
a  treaty  with  the  Six  Nations,  and  engage  them  in  the  interest  of  the 
colonies,  and  to  treat  with  them  on  the  principles  and  in  the  decisive 
manner  which  he  had  suggested.  His  preparations  for  taking  immediate 
possession  of  Fort  Slanvvix,  and  erecting  a  fortification  there,  received 
Ihe  approbation  of  Congress  ;  and  their  records  afford  the  most  satis- 
factory evidence  that  his  comprehensive  and  accurate  mind  had  antici- 
pated and  suggested  the  most  essential  measures,  which  he  afterward 
diligently  executed  throughout  the  whole  northern  department.  But 
within  three  days  after  the  order  for  the  treaty,  Congress  directed  his 
operations  to  a  different  quarter  of  his  command.  He  was  ordered,  on 
the  seventeenth  of  June,  to  clear  Wood  creek,  and  construct  a  lock  upon 
the  creek  at  Skeensborough  (now  Whitehall),  and  to  lake  the  level  of 
the  waters  falling  into  the  Hudson  at  Fort  Edward  and  into  Wood  creek. 
There  can  be  no  doubt  that  those  orders  were  all  founded  upon  his  pre- 
vious suggestions  j  and  they  afford  demonstrative  proof  of  the  views 
entertained  by  him,  at  that  early  day,  of  the  practicability  and  impor- 
tance of  canal  navigation.  He  was  likewise  directed  to  cause  armed 
vessels  to  be  built,  so  as  to  secure  the  mastery  of  the  waters  of  the 
northern  lakes.  He  was  to  judge  of  the  expediency  of  a  temporary 
fortification  or  intrenched  camp  on  the  heights  opposite  Ticonderoga. 
Capt  Graydon  visited  Gen.  Schuyler  early  in  the  summer  of  1776,  at  his 
head-quarters  on  Lake  George  ;  and  he  speaks  of  him,  in  the  very  in- 
teresting memoirs  of  his  own  life,  as  an  officer  thoroughly  devoted  to 
business,  and  being  at  the  same  time  a  gentleman  of  polished,  courteous 
manners  On  the  first  of  August  following,  he  was  on  the  upper  Mo- 
hawk,  providing  for  its  defence  and  security  ;  and  again  in  October  we 
find  him  on  the  upper  Hudson,  and  calling  upon  the  Eastern  States  for 
their  militia. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  northern  frontier,  in  the  campaign  of 
1776,  was  indebted  for  its  extraordinary  quiet  and  security  to  the  cease- 
less activity  of  Gen  Schuyler.  At  the  close  of  that  year  he  was  further 
instructed  lo  build  a  floating  battery  on  the  lake,  at  the  foot  of  Mount 
Independence,  and  also  to  strengthen  the  works  at  Fort  Stanwix. 

In  the  midst  of  such  conflicting  and  harassing  services,  he  had  excited 
much  popular  jealousy  and  ill  will,  arising  from  the  energy  of  his  cha- 
racter and  the  dignity  of  his  deportment.  He  was  likewise  disgusted  at 
what  he  deemed  injustice,  in  the  irregularity  of  appointing  other  and 
junior  officers  in  separate  and  independent  commands  within  what  was 
considered  to  be  his  military  district.  He  accordingly,  in  October,  1776,. 
tendered  to  Congress  the  resignation  of  his  commission  ;  but  when 
Congress  came  to  investigate  his  services,  they  found  them,  says  the 
historian  of  Washington,  far  to  exceed  in  value  any  estimate  which  had 
been  made  of  them.  They  declared  that  they  could  not  dispense  with 


Biographical  Sketch  of  Gen.  Schuyhr.  255 

his  services,  during  the  then  situation  of  affairs;  and  they  directed  the 
president  of  Congress  to  request  him  to  continue  in  his  command,  and 
they  declared  their  high  sense  of  his  services,  and  their  unabated  con- 
fidence in  his  attachment  to  the  cause  of  freedom. 

A  governor  and  legislature  were  -hosen  in  the  summer  of  1777  ;  and 
in  that  trying  season,  there  was  not  a  county  in  this  State,  as  it  then 
existed,  which  escaped  a  visit  from  the  arms  of  the  enemy.  To  add  to 
the  embarrassment  of  our  councils  in  the  extremity  of  their  distress,  the 
inhabitants  of  the  northeast  part  of  the  Slate  (now  Vermont),  which 
had  been  represented  in  the  Convention,  and  just  then  ingrafted  into  the 
Constitution,  under  the  names  of  the  counties  of  Cumberland  and  Glou- 
cester, renounced  their  allesiance,  and  set  up  for  an  independent  state. 
On  the  thirtieth  of  June  in  that  year,  they  were  knocking  at  the  door  of 
Congress  for  a  recognition  of  their  independence  and  an  admission  into 
the  Union. 

The  memorable  campaign  of  1777  was  opened  by  an  expedition  of  the 
enemy  from  New-York  to  Danbury  in  Connecticut,  and  the  destruction 
of  large  quantities  of  provisions  and  military  means  collected  and  de- 
posited in  that  town.  In  the  northern  quarter.  Gen.  Burgoyne  advanced 
from  Canada  through  the  lakes,  with  a  well-appointed  army  of  10,000 
men;  and  for  a  time  he  dissipated  all  opposition,  and  swept  every  ob- 
stacle before  him.  Gen.  Schuyler  was  >till  in  the  command  of  the  whole 
northern  department,  and  he  made  every  exertion  to  check  the  progress 
of  the  enemy.  He  visited  in  person  the  different  forts,  and  used  the 
utmost  activity  in  obtaining  supplies  to  enable  them  to  sustain  a  siege. 
While  at  Albany  (which  was  iiis  headquarters  as  previously  fixed  by 
Congress),  busy  in  accelerating  the  equipment  and  march  of  troops, 
Ticonderoga  being  assailed,  was  suddenly  evacuated  by  Gen.  St.  Clair. 
Gen.  Schuyler  met  on  the  upper  Hudson  the  news  of  the  retreat;  and 
he  displayed,  says  the  candid  an<l  accurate  historian  of  Washington,  the 
utmost  diligence  and  judgment  in  that  gloomy  state  of  things.  He  ef- 
fectually impeded  the  navigation  of  Wood  creek.  He  rendered  the  roads 
impassable.  He  removed  every  kind  of  provisions  and  stores  beyond 
the  reach  of  the  enemy.  He  summoned  the  militia  of  New-York  and 
New-England  to  his  assistance ;  and  he  answered  the  proclamation  of 
Burgoyne  by  a  counter  proclamation,  equally  addressed  to  the  hopes  and 
fears  of  the  country  Congress,  by  their  resolution  of  the  seventeenth 
of  July,  1777.  approved  all  the  acts  of  Gen.  Schuyler  in  reference  to  the 
army  at  Ticonderoga  ;  but  the  evacuation  of  that  fortress  excited  great 
discontent  in  the  United  Stales,  and  Gen  Schuyler  did  not  escape  hi>  share 
of  the  popular  clamor,  and  he  was  made  a  victim  to  appease  it.  It  was 
deemed  expedient  to  recal  the  general  officers  in  the  northei  n  army,  and, 
in  the  month  of  Augu-t,  he  was  superseded  in  the  command  of  that 
department  by  the  arrival  of  Gen  Gatos.  The  laurels  which  he  was  in 
preparation  to  win  by  his  judicious  and  distinguished  efforts,  an  I  which 
he  would  very  shortly  have  attained,  were  by  that  removal  intercepted 
from  hi?  brow. 

Gen.  Schuyler  felt  acutely  the  discredit  of  being  recalled  in  the  most 
critical  and  interesting  period  of  Ihe  campaign  of  1777.  and  when  Ihe 
labor  anJ  adivity  of  making  preparations  to  repair  th<-  disaster  of  it 
had  been  expended  by  him;  and  when  an  opportunity  was  opening,  as 
he  observed,  for  that  resistance  and  retaliation  which  might  bring  glory 

23 


256  Biographical  Sketch  of  Ge?i.  Schuyhr. 

upon  our  arms.  If  error  be  attributable  to  the  evacuation  of  Ticonde- 
roga,  says  the  historian  of  Washington,  no  portion  of  it  was  committed 
by  Gen.  Schuyler.  But  his  removal,  though  unjust  and  severe  as  re- 
spected himself,  was  rendered  expedient,  according  to  Chief  Justice 
Marshall,  as  a  sacrifice  to  the  prejudices  of  New-Ensland. 

He  was  present  at  the  capture  of  Burgoyne,  but  without  any  personal 
command  .  and  the  urbanity  of  his  manners, and  the  chivalric  magnani- 
mity of  his  character,  smarting  as  he  was  under  the  extent  and  severity 
of  his  pecuniary  losses,  was  attested  by  Gen.  Burgoyne  himself  in  his 
sj>eech  in  1778  in  the  British  House  of  Commons.  He  there  declared, 
that,  by  his  orders,  "  a  very  good  dwelling- house,  exceeding  large  store- 
houses, great  saw-mills,  and  other  out-buildings,  to  the  value  altogether 
perhaps  of  10,OOOZ.,  belonging  to  Gen.  Schuyler,  at  Saratoga,  were  de- 
stroyed by  fire,  a  lew  da)s  before  the  surrender."  He  said  further,  that 
one  of  the  first  persons  he  saw  after  the  convention  was  signed,  was 
General  Schuyler  ;  and  when  expressing  to  him  his  regret  at  the  event 
which  had  happened  to  his  property.  Gen.  Schuyler  desired  him  "  to 
think  no  more  of  it,  and  that  the  occasion  justified  it  according  to  the 
principles  and  rules  of  war.  He  did  more."  said  Burgoyne;  "  he  sent 
an  aid-de-carnp  to  conduct  me  to  Albany,  in  order,  as  he  expressed  it,  to 
procure  better  quarters  than  a  stranger  might  be  able  to  find.  That 
gentleman  conducted  me  to  a  very  elegant  house,  and,  to  my  great  sur- 
prise, presented  me  to  Mrs.  Schuyler  and  her  family.  In  that  house  I 
remained  during  my  whole  stay  in  Albany,  with  a  table  with  more  than 
twenty  covers  for  me  and  my  friend?,  and  every  other  possible  de- 
monstration of  hospitality." 

I  have  several  times  had  the  same  relation,  in  substance,  from  Gen. 
Schnyler  himself;  and  he  said  that  he  remained  behind  at  Saratoga, 
under  the  pretext  of  taking  care  of  the  remains  of  his  property,  but  in 
reality  to  avoid  giving  fresh  occasions  for  calumny  and  jealousies,  by 
appearing  in  person  with  Burgoyne  at  his  own  house.  It  was  not  until 
the  autumn  of  1778,  that  the  conduct  of  Gen.  Sehuyler  in  the  campaign 
of  1777  was  submitted  to  the  investigation  of  a  court  martial  He  was 
acquitted  of  every  charge  with  the  highest  honors,  and  the  sentence  was 
confirmed  by  C»  ngress.  He  shortly  afterward  upon  his  earnest  and 
repeated  solicitations,  had  leave  to  retire  from  the  army,  and  he  devoted 
the  remainder  of  his  lile  to  the  service  of  his  country  in  its  political 
councils. 

If  the  military  life  of  Gen.  Schuyler  was  inferior  in  brilliancy  to  that 
of  some  others  of  his  countrymen,  none  of  them  ever  surpassed  him  in 
fidelity,  activity,  and  devotedness  to  the  service.  The  characteristic  of 
his  measures  was  utility.  They  bore  the  stamp  and  unerring  precision 
of  practical  science  There  was  nothing  complicated  in  his  character  : 
it  was  chaste  and  severe  simplicity;  and,  take  him  for  all  in  all,  he  was 
one  of  the  wisest  and  most  efficient  men,  both  in  military  and  civil  life, 
that  the  state  or  the  nation  has  produced 

He  had  been  elected  to  Congress  in  1777,  and  he  was  re  elected  in 
each  of  the  three  following  years.  On  his  return  to  Congress,  after  the 
crimination  of  his  military  life,  his  talents,  experience  and  enersy  were 
put  in  immediate  n  quisition  ;  and  in  November,  1779,  he  was  appointed 
to  confer  with  Gen.  Washington  on  the  state  of  the  southern  department. 
In  1781,  he  was  in  the  senate  of  this  State  ;  and  wherever  he  vas  placed, 


Biographical  Sketch  of  Gen.  Schuyler.  257 

and  whatever  might  be  the  business  before  him,  he  gave  the  utmost  ac- 
tivity to  measures,  and  left  upon  them  the  impression  of  his  prudence 
and  sagacity.  In  1789,  he  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  first  senate  of  the 
United  States  ;  and  when  his  term  of  service  expired  in  Congress,  he 
was  replaced  in  the  senate  of  this  State.  In  1792,  he  was  very  active 
in  digesting  and  bringing  to  maturity  that  early  and  great  measure  of 
state  policy,  the  establishment  of  companies  for  inland  lock  navigation. 
The  whole  suggestion  was  the  product  of  his  fertile  and  calculating 
mind,  ever  busy  in  schemes  for  the  public  welfare.  He  was  placed  at 
the  head  of  the  direction  of  both  of  the  navigation  companies,  and  his 
mind  was  ardently  directed  for  years  towards  the  execution  of  those 
liberal  plans  of  internal  improvement.  In  1796,  he  urged  in  his  place 
in  the  Senate,  and  afterward  published  in  a  p.imphlet  form,  his  plan  for 
the  improvement  of  the  revenue  of  this  State  ;  and  in  1797,  his  plan  was 
almost  literally  adrpted,  and  to  that  we  owe  the  institution  of  the  office 
of  comptroller.  In  1797,  he  was  unanimously  elected  by  the  two  houses 
of  our  Legislature,  a  senator  in  Congress  ;  and  he  took  leave  of  the 
Senate  of  this  State  in  a  liberal  and  affecting  address,  which  was  inserted 
at  large  upon  their  journals. 

But  the  life  of  this  great  man  was  drawing  to  a  close.  I  formed  and 
cultivated  a  personal  acquaintance  with  Gen  Schuyler  while  a  member 
of  the  legislature  in  1792,  and  again  in  1796  ;  and  from  1799  to  his  death 
in  the  autumn  of  1804,  I  was  in  habits  of  constant  and  friendly  intimacy 
with  him,  and  was  honored  with  the  kindestand  most  grateful  attentions. 
His  spirits  were  cheerful,  his  conversation  most  eminently  instructive, 
manners  gentle  and  courteous,  and  his  whole  deportment  tempered  with 
grace  and  dignity.  His  faculties  seemed  to  retain  their  unimpaired 
vigor  and  untiring  activity,  though  he  had  evidently  lost  some  of  his 
constitutional  ardor  of  temperament  and  vehemence  of  feeling.  He  was 
sobered  by  age,  chastened  by  affliction,  broken  by  disease  ;  and  yet 
nothing  could  surpass  the  interest  excited  by  the  mild  radiance  of  the 
evening  of  his  days. 


GENERAL  HAMILTON  AT  QUARANTINE. 

,  On  Monday  evening,  the  23d  September.  1793,  the  Hon  Alexander 
Hamilton,  secretary  of  the  treasury  of  the  United  States,  and  his  lady, 
arrived  at  Greenbush  opposite  to  this  city,  from  the  seat  of  government. 
As  they  were  supposed  to  have  been  afflicted  with  the  yello-w  fever  then 
prevalent  in  Philadelphia,  the  city  physicians,  by  request,  immediately 
visited  them,  and  on  their  return  published  the  following  certificate  : 

ALBANY,  September  23,   1793. 

T!  is  is  to  certify  that  we  have  visited  Col.  Hamilton  ai.d  his  lady,  at 
Greenbush,  this  evening,  and  that  they  are  apparently  in  perfect  health  : 
and  from  every  circumstance  we  do  not  conceive  there  can  be  the  least 
danger  of  their  conveying  the  infection  of  the  pestilential  fever,  at  pre- 
sent prevalent  in  Philadelphia,  to  any  of  their  fellow-citizens.  (Signed) 
Samuel  Stringer,  W.  Mancius,  H.  Woodruff,  W.  McClallen,  Cornelius 
Roosa 

In  consequence  of  which  on  Tuesday  morning  an  order  was  granted 
by  the  mayor,  lhal  Col.  Hamilton  and  lady  be  allowed  to  cross  the  ferry. 


258  Ancient  Commerce  of  Albany. 


ANCIENT  COMMERCE  OF  ALBANY. 

It  has  been  the  custom  with  fancy  scribblers,  since  the  triumph  of 
gteam,  to  amuse  the  public  with  much  facetice  at  the  expense  of  the 
honest  zeevaarderen  who  were  wont  to  navigate  the  Hudson  in  the  last 
century,  till  the  youngsters  of  this  day  have  become  pretty  thoroughly 
imbued  with  the  idea  that  the  ancient  commerce  of  the  river  is  only 
worth  remembering  for  the  amusement  it  affords  in  that  way.  The  real 
character  of  the  old  skippers  ought  to  be  rescued  from  such  imputations 
and  their  sturdy,  honest  enterprise  placed  in  its  true  light.  We  give 
b?]ow  the  manifest  of  the  >loop  Olive  Branch,  Captain  Abraham  Blood- 
good,  as  i  sample  of  what  was  occasionally  done  in  the  way  of  distant 
voyages  before  the  Revolution.  Capt.  Bloodgood  is  still  remembered 
by  some  of  the  older  citizens,*  as  are  also  mosl  of  ihe  consignors,  the 
memory  of  whom  will  be  singularly  enough  awakened  by  this  article. 
The  original  account  of  sales  of  this  voyage,  from  which  we  copy, 
is  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Robert  H.  Waterman  of  this  city.  It  affords 
a  very  interesting  diary  of  the  success  of  the  adventure  to  Antigua  and 
St.  Christopher's  with  a  very  curiously  assorted  cargo  of  Albany  mer- 
chandise, consisting  of  flour,  herrings,  horses,  one  negro  man,  and  a 
great  variety  of  the  produce  o'  this  latitude;  in  exchange  for  which  he 
brought  back  eighty-one  pounds  of  cotton,  a  much  rarer  article  then 
than  now,  some  ca>h,  and  much  rum. 

•Account  Sales  of  the  Cargo  of  the  Sloop  Olive  Branch,  in  a  voyage  to 
the  West  Indies  from  New  York,  commencing  Nov.  3d,  1770. 

Sold  at  ANTIGUA,  viz: 

One  ton  of  Flour,  the  properly  of  Henry  Van  Ranslar, 
weighing  Nt.  30C.  Iqr.  4ib  — sold  for  21s.  pr.  C.— sold  to 
Messrs.  Palerson  &  Hartshorn, £31  16  02 

One  ton  ditto,  the  property  of  John  Stevenson  weishins,  Nt. 

30C.  Oqr.  lOilb— sold  for  21s.  3d.  pr  C.— Mr.  John  Lindsay,  32  05  11 

Sold  one  ton  ditto,  the  property  of  Richard  Van  Zant,  weigh- 
ing 27C.  Oqr.  191b,  for  21s.  pr.  C.— Paterson  and  Harts- 
horn,    29  02  09 

One  ton  ditto  the  property  of  Jane  Van  Howser,  weighing 
32C.  Oqr.  151b— sold  for  21s  pr.  C.— Patterson  and  Harts- 
horn,    34  04  07 

One  ton  ditto  the  properly  of  Doctr.  Samuel  Stringer,  weigh- 
ing 31C.  Iqr.  141b. — sold  for  21s.  3d.  pr.  C— Mr.  John 
Lindsay, 331602 

One  ton  ditto,  the  property  of  Nicholas  Cuyler,  weighing  27 
C.  2qr.  Olb. — sold  for  on  an  average,  a  21s.  6d  pr  C. — dif- 
ferent people, 29  11  03 

*  He  was  the  grandfather  of  Simeon  De  Witt  Bloodgood,  late  of  this  city,  and  resided 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  Fort  Orange  Hotel.  He  superintended  the  building  of  that  house 
for  Simeon  De  Witt,  the  surveyor-general,  while  the  latter  was  absent  from  the  city. 
The  original  Fort  Orange  Hotel,  it  is  well  known,  occupied  the  site  of  the  old  fort  of 
that  name,  which  stood  opposite  the  Steam  Boat  Landing.  The  original  Fort  Orange 
Hotel  fell  a  victim  to  the  great  fire  of  August,  1848,  and  a  new  one  has  arisen  from  the 
ruins. 


Ancient  Commerce  of  Albany.  259 

One  ton  ditlo,  the  property  of  Peter  Silvester,  Esqr.,  2  barr's, 

wg   355  Nt.  a  24s 4  05  02 

1  barr.  ditio,  sold  w<r    190lb.  Nt  a  21s 2  01  02 

13  barr.  ditto,  wg.  248  Nt.  a  21s 26  01  05 

£223  04  07 
Sales  of  Fish,  viz  : 

14  barrs.   Herrin?,  the  property  of  Col.   Philip  Schuyler — 

sold  a  12s— sold  to  Bustie  Entwitch,  Esqr 8  OS  00 

1  barr.  do— sold  Mr   Carr, 1  00  00 

10  barrs.  do  ,  the  property  of  Henry  and  Robert  Lansingh,  a 

12s.— Entwich,  Esq 6  00  00 

20  barrs.  do.,  the  property  of  ditto,  sold   Mr.  John  Rose,  a 

20s 20  00  00 

3 1  barrs   ditto,  the  property  of  do.,  sold  a  20.— Mr.  Carr....  3  10  00 

£33  18  00 
Sales  of  Staves,  viz  : 
7050  Nt.  Thd.  Staves  the  property  of  self  and  comp'y,  a  £& 

pr.  M. 62  16  00 

32  Ducks,  sold  a  33s.  pr.  doz'n 4  08  00 

2  Turkeys,  a  7s 0  14  00 

3  1-2  Bushels  of  Pense,  a  9s 1  11  06 

18  Pine  Plank,  a  2s.  6J 20500 

15  Ditto  Boards,  a  Is.  6d..... 1  02  06 

An  Horse  Arning 1   10  00 

1 1  empty  water  casks,  a  8s.  3d 4  10  09 

10  Casgs  Pease  sold  for  Mrs.  Lynot 3  00  00 

10  ditto  do.,  fordo 2  10  00 

2  ditto  do.,  for  do, 00506 

2  ditto  do.,  for  do 0  10  00 

3  barrs.  of  Apples  sold  for  Isaac  Van  Volkenberg.  a  24s....  3  12  00 

2  ditto,  do.  for  do.  a  20s 2  00  00 

2  ditto,  do.  for  do.  a  7s.  6d 0  15  00 

20  Geese  sold  for  ditto,  a  5s 5  00  00 

1  ditto  sold  for  do.  a  4.  6d 0  04  06 

2  barrs.  Apples,  sold  for  William  Salsberry 2  08  00 

2  ditto,  do.  for  do.  a  12s., 1  04  00 

2  ditto,  do.  for  do.  a  12s 1  04  00 

1  ditto  do.  for  do 10000 

30  bunches  of  Onions,  sold  for  Mr.  Alex.  Mac  Lean,  a  9d.. .  1  02  06 

2  hhds.  ditto,  sold  for  ditto 4  09  00 

11  Bunches  ditto,  sold  for  ditto,  a  7d 0  06  05 

1  Hhd.  do.  fordo.  122  Bunches,  a  6d 3  01  00 

1  Hhd.  do.  for  do.  113  do.  a  7d 3  06  00 

150  strinsrs  sold  at  vandue,  for  do.  loose  onions 0  13  00 

6  empty  Hhds.  for  do.  a  8s 20800 

1  small  horse  for  self  and  Doctr.  Stringer, 130400 

Sales  at  ST.  CHRISTOPHER'S,  viz  : — 
1  Snrrel  horse,  the  property  of  William  Hunn  marked  P.  V. 

Z 7  00  00 

1  small  Mare  the  property  of  William  Pemberton 14  00  00 


260  Ancient  Commerce  of  Albany. 

1  Bay  horse,  the  property  of  Francis  Vina,  marked  H.  I....  7  00  00 
Black  horse,  the  property  o!  John  Ro^s,  marked  I.  L.  S..  8  00  00 

Bay  horse,  the  proper'.y  of  Doctor  Sam  Stringer, 13  00  00 

Sorrel  horse  the  property  of  Robert  Henery 17  00  00 

Dark  Bay  horse,  the  property  of  Henry  Glen,  marked  B.  V. 

B .' 13  1000 

Black  horse,  the  property  of  Mr.  Wemp,  marked  P.  M.,..  14  15  00 

Black  horse,  the  property  of  Abraham  Bloodgood, 14  00  00 

2  horses,  the  property  of  Abraham  Tenbrook,  marked  I  D. 

&  A.  T.  B 39  H  00 

I  Negroe  Man,  the  property  of  Mr.  Staats, . . , , 5  J  00  00 

Total, .....£591  01  09 

Returns  from  the  WEST  INDIAS,  viz  ; 
19  Hogsheads  Rum  for  James  Bloodgood  &.  Comp'y  O.  B., 

containing  2053  sal  a  2s  6d 256  22  06 

Hhd  's  to  contain  the  above  Rum 21  07  06 

12  Barr's  Limes  for  do , 6  08  00 

Cash  received  at  Antigua  for  freight,,, 15  10  00 

9  Hhd's  Rum  for  Sundry  Shippers,  pr.  their  several  accounts,  145  17  00 

81  Ib.  Cotton,  a  6d , , , , 2  01  00 

£447  16  00 

These  ventures  to  the  West  Indies  seem  to  have  been  more  common, 
after  the  war  of  the  revolution,  to  Lansinsburgh  and  Hudson,  than  to 
Albany,  from  the  fact  that  the  editor  of  the  Albany  Gazette,  in  1790, 
marvelled  that  the  citizens  of  Albany  should  remain  inac-tive  spectators 
while  their  neighbors  on  the  north  and  the  south  were  *'  participating  in 
all  the  blessings  of  this  valuable  trade."  As  an  instance  in  the  com- 
merce of  Lansingburgh,  it  was  announced  that  the  sloop  Arabia,  Capt. 
Johnson,  which  sailed  for  the  West  Indies  in  June,  had  sailed  again  in 
October  on  her  second  voyage  thither,  with  a  valuable  cargo. 

On  the  12th  of  April  1791,  it  was  mentioned  as  a  congratulatory  event 
that  40  sail  of  vessels  had  arrived  at  this  port  in  one  day,  or  passed  it 
for  Troy  and  Lansingburgh  ;  that  18  vessels,  of  which  16  were  of  from 
40  to  80  tons  lay  at  the  port  of  Lansingbursh,  and  that  the  sloop  Nancy 
had  performed  atrip  from  thence  to  New  York  and  back  in  seven  days. 
In  November  of  the  same  year  it  was  again  announced  as  an  extraordi- 
nary occurrence,  that  42  vessels  of  from  40  to  100  tons,  principally  above 
70,  were  at  anchor  in  the  port  of  Albany. 

Among  other  feats  of  sloop  navigation  in  those  days,  we  are  told  that 
Capt.  William  Van  Ingen,  of  the  sloop  Cincinnati,  sailed  from  Albany 
on  the  5th  December,  1794,  and  arrived  at  New  York  on  the  9th  ;  dis- 
posed of  his  cargo,  took  in  a  valuable  freight,  and  returned  to  this  port 
on  the  16th.  The  navigation  had  then  been  uninterrupted  for  nine 
months,  and  was  still  unimpeded  by  ice. 

The  examples  of  speedy  voyages  which  were  boasted  of  in  the  last 
century,  read  a  little  oddly  now,  but  yet  the  sloops,  under  a  good 
wind,  were  an  overmatch  for  the  steamboats  for  a  long  time  after  the 
latter  made  their  appearance  on  the  river.  In  the  year  1794,  one  Col. 
Win.  Colbreath,  sheriff  of  Herkimer,  left  this  city  on,  Sunday  morning, 


Voyage  of  an  Albany  Sloop  to  China.  261 

on  a  sloop  for  New  York,  and  returned  on  Thursday  afternoon,  the  llth, 
having  performed  the  journey  in  a  little  more  than  four  days,  including 
a  day  and  a  half  he  was  in  New  York'  The  feat  was  perhaps  as  much 
a  matter  of  wonder  and  admiration,  as  when  the  steam  boat  had  been 
so  much  improved  as  to  make  the  passage  from  New  York  to  Albany 
in  24  hours. 

But  the  most  remarkable  of  all  the  expeditions  from  this  port,  was 
the 

Voyage  of  an  Albany  Sloop  to  China. 

In  the  fall  of  1785,  the  sloop  Experiment,  80  tons  burden,  Capt.  Stewart 
Dean,  was  titled  out  at  this  port  for  China.  It  was  very  properly  con« 
sidered  a  hazardous  voyage  for  so  small  a  craft.  She  was  laden  with 
an  assorted  cargo,  for  a  regular  trading  expedition,  and  was  the  second 
adventure  from  the  United  States  to  Canton.  She  left  New- York  on  the 
18th  December,  and  was  absent  eighteen  months.  Her  return  trip  was 
made  in  four  months  and  twelve  days,  with  a  cargo  consisting  principal- 
Jy  of  teas  and  nankins.  Several  pieces  of  costly  damask  silk  were  also 
brought  to  order,  or  for  family  gifts.  One  of  the  heir-looms  in  the 
family  of  a  descendant  of  the  mate  of  the  Experiment,  residing  in 
Schenectady,  is  a  dress,  made  of  the  silk  referred  to,  in  the  fashion  of 
that  day.  Capt.  Dean  also  brought  home  thirteen  sets  of  China  ware, 
to  order,  for  such  families  as  could  afford  and  thought  proper  to  indulge 
in  such  luxuries.  These  articles  were  so  much  valued  that  they  have 
passed  from  mothers  to  daughters,  down  to  the  present  time  ;  and, 
though  much  broken  and  scattered,  are  objects  of  curiosity,  not  only 
from  the  associations  connected  with  thissingular  voyage,  but  as  showing 
the  form  and  style  of  China  ware  sixty  years  ago,  A  set  which  be. 
longed  to  Capt.  Johnson,  a  revolutionary  veteran,  whose  house  stood 
with  its  gable  to  the  street,  on  the  corner  of  South  Pearl  and  Howard 
streets,  where  the  Centre  Market  now  stands,  was  divided  among  his 
descendants.  One  set,  however,  has  been  preserved  nearly  complete, 
and  is  in  the  possession  of  Mrs.  Abraham  Ten  Eyck,  in  Broa'way. 
These  sets  being  mostly  brought  to  order,  had  the  initials  of  the  owners' 
names  gilded  upon  each  piece. 

It  was  matter  of  surprise  to  the  natives  and  Europeans  in  those  seas, 
to  see  so  small  a  vessel  arrive  from  a  clime  so  remote  from  China,  and 
gave  them  an  exalted  conception  of  the  enterprise  of  the  citizens  of  the 
United  Slates.  At  some  of  the  ports  where  the  Experiment  touched,  it 
is  said  that  she  was  an  object  of  alarm  to  ihe  inhabitants,  who  mistook 
her  for  a  tender  to  a  fleet  of  men-of-war.  She  returned  to  New-York 
on  Sunday,  April  22, 1787,  without  the  loss  of  a  man  during  the  voyage. 
On  her  arrival  she  was  visited  by  at  least  two-thirds  of  the  citizens,  it 
is  said  ;  very  few  of  whom  had  expected  her  return. 

Capt.  Dean  made  several  voyages  to  China  subsequently,  when  the 
famous  merchant  Howqua  formed  so  favorable  an  opinion  of  him  that 
he  was  accustomed  to  send  over  a  chest  of  black  tea  occasionally  for  the 
captain,  long  after  the  latter  had  discontinued  his  voyages.  Capt.  Dean 
died  in  New-work,  a  few  years  since,  aged  85,  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Ro« 
derick  Sedgwick. 


262  Kalm's  Visit  to  Albany  in  1749. 


VISIT  OF  PETER  KALM  TO  ALBANY,  1749. 

The  project  ol  a  scientific  expedition  to  our  shores,  was  suggested  to 
the  University  of  Upsala  by  Linnaeus;  who  desired  that  the  North 
American  provinces  should  be  explored  for  the  purpose  of  making  such 
observations  and  collections  of  seeds  and  plants,  as  would  improve  the 
husbandry,  horticulture,  manufactures,  arts  and  sciences  of  his  country. 
Accordingly  Prof.  Kalm.  a  naturalist  of  one  of  tht  Swedish  universities, 
was  selected,  who  left  Upsala  on  the  sixteenth  of  October,  1747;  spent 
six  months  in  England,  and  arrived  at  Philadelphia  September  26,  1748. 
He  traversed  much  of  the  country  from  Pennsylvania  to  Canada,  and 
returned  to  Sweden  in  1751,  arriving  at  the  place  of  his  destination  on 
the  thirteenth  of  June.  He  prosecuted  his  researches  with  the  industry 
and  perseverance  of  a  true  friend  of  science,  spending  not  only  tue  sa- 
lary and  outfit  provided  by  his  friends,  but  so  much  of  his  little  fortune, 
that  on  his  return  he  found  himself  under  the  necessity  of  retrenching:, 
so  as  to  live  on  a  very  small  pittance.  He  afterwards  resumed  his  place 
of  professor  at  Aobo,  where,  in  a  small  garden  of  his  own,  he  cultivated 
and  experimented  upon  many  hundred  American  plants,  there  being  no 
garden  connected  with  the  Uiiiversiiy.  It  was  in  honor  of  him  that  the 
beautiful  Kalmia  received  its  name,  which  is  still  cultivated  in  European 
gardens  as  an  ornamental  shrub. 

Our  traveler  is  more  than  once  rather  plain  and  unreserved  in  his 
remarks  upon  the  character  and  manners  of  the  people  of  Albany,  as 
they  were  seen  by,  or  represented  to,  him.  The  charge,  so  oft'  n  reite. 
rated  since  his  time,  of  habitual  dishonesty  in  traffic  with  the  Indians, 
is  very  bluntly  made,  although  he  admits  of  honorable  exceptions  to  the 
general  rule.  We  give  the  old  traveler's  own  version  of  what  he  saw 
and  heard,  without  attempting  to  smooth  any  of  the  asperities  of  his 
remarks,  which  seem  to  have  been  made  with  honesty  of  purpose,  and 
are  much  more  excusable  in  him,  than  in  many  of  the  scribblers  who 
have  followed  in  his  track.  His  account  is  valuable,  as  representing  the 
condition  of  the  country  a  century  ago. 

JUNE  the  10th.  At  noon  we  left  New-York,  and  sailed  up  the  River 
Hudson,  in  a  yacht  bound  for  Albany  All  this  afternoon  we  saw  a 
whole  fleet  of  little  boats  returning  from  New-York,  whither  they  had 
brought  provisions  and  other  goods  for  sale,  which,  on  account  of  the 
extensive  commerce  of  this  town,  and  the  great  number  of  its  inhabitants, 
go  off  very  well.  About  twelve  miles  from  New-York  we  saw  sturgeons 
(Acipenser  sturio),  leaping  up  out  of  the  water,  and  on  the  whole  pas- 
sage we  met  with  porpesses  in  the  river.  As  we  proceeded  we  found 
the  eastern  banks  of  the  river  very  much  cultivated  ;  and  a  number  of 
pretty  farms,  surrounded  with  orchards  and  corn  fields,  presented  them- 
selves to  our  view.  After  sailing  a  little  while  in  the  night,  we  cast  our 
anchor  and  lay  by  till  the  morning,  especially  as  the  tide  was  ebbing 
with  great  force. 

JUNE  the  llth.  This  morning  we  continued  our  voyage  up  the  river, 
with  the  tide  and  a  faint  breeze.  We  passed  the  Highland  mountains, 
which  consist  of  a  grey  sanlstone,  and  are  covered  with  deciduous  trees 
together  with  firs  and  red  cedars.  The  country  was  unfit  for  cultiva. 


Kali^s  Visit  to  Albany  in  1749.  263 

tion,  being  so  full  of  rocks,  and  accordingly  we  saw  no  farms.  The 
wind  vanished  away  about  ten  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  forced  us  to 
get  forward  with  our  oars,  the  tide  being  almost  spent.  In  one  place  on 
the  western  shore  we  saw  a  wooden  house  painted  red,  and  we  were 
told  that  there  was  a  saw  mill  further  up;  but  besides  this,  we  did  not 
perceive  one  farm  or  any  cultivated  grounds  all  this  forenoon.  We  now 
perceived  excessive  high  and  steep  mountains  on  both  sides  of  the  river, 
which  echoed  back  each  sound  we  uttered  ;  yet  notwithstanding  they 
were  so  high  and  steep,  they  were  covered  with  small  trees.  The  last 
of  the  high  western  mountains  is  called  Butterhill,  after  which  the 
country  between  the  mountains  grows  more  spacious  :  the  farms  became 
very  numerous,  and  we  had  a  prospect  of  many  corn-field?  between  the 
hills.  Whilst  we  waited  for  the  return  of  tide  and  the  change  of  wind, 
we  went  on  shore.  The  sassafras' tree  (Laurus  sassafras)  and  the 
chesnut-tree  grow  here  in  great  abundance.  I  found  the  tulip-lree 
(Liriodendron  tulipifera)  in  some  parts  of  the  wood,  as  likewise  the 
Kalmia  latifolia,  which  was  now  in  full  blossom,  though  the  flowers  were 
already  withering.  Some  time  after  noon  the  Avind  arose  from  south- 
west, which  being  a  fair  wind,  we  weighed  anchor  and  continued  our 
voyage.  We  passed  by  a  little  neck  of  land,  which  projected  on  the 
western  side  in  the  river,  and  was  called  Dance.  The  name  of  this 
place  is  said  to  derive  its  origin  from  a  festival  which  the  Dutch  cele- 
brated here  in  former  limes,  at  which  they  danced  and  diverted  them- 
selves ;  but  once  there  came  a  number  of  Indians,  who  killed  them  all. 
We  cast  anchor  late  at  night,  because  the  wind  ceased  and  the  tide  was 
ebbing.  The  fireflies  passed  the  river  in  numbers  at  night,  and  some- 
times settled  upon  the  rigging. 

JUNK  the  1  Uh.  This  morning  we  proceeded  with  the  tide,  but  against 
the  wind.  The  country  here  in  general  is  low  on  both  sides  of  the  river, 
consisting  of  low  rocks  and  stony  fields,  which,  however,  are  covered 
with  woods.  The  land  is  so  rocky,  stony  and  poor,  that  nobody  can 
settle  on  it  or  inhabit  it,  there  being  no  spot  fit  for  a  corn  field,  and  for 
the  space  of  some  miles  we  never  perceived  one  settlement.  At  eleven 
o'clock  this  morning  we  came  to  a  small  island  which  lies  in  the  middle 
of  the  river,  and  is  said  to  be  halfway  between  New- York  and  Albany. 
Towards  noon  it  was  quite  calm,  and  we  went  on  very  slow.  Here  the 
land  is  well  cultivated,  and  full  of  great  corn-fields,  especially  on  the 
eastern  shore.  To  the  west,  also,  we  saw  several  cultivated  places. 
The  Blue  mountains  are  very  plainly  to  be  seen  here,  appearing  through 
the  clouds,  and  towering  above  all  other  mountains.  The  people  here 
make  use  of  a  yellow  Agaricus,  or  mushroom,  which  grows  on  maple 
trees,  for  tinder  :  that  which  is  found  on  the  red  flowering  maple  (Acer 
rubrum)  is  reckoned  the  best;  and  the  next  in  goodness  is  that  of  the 
sugar  rraple  (Acer  saccharinum),  which  is  sometimes  considered  equal 
to  the  former  At  two  in  the  afternoon  the  wind  began  to  blow  from 
the  south,  which  enabled  us  to  proceed  The  country  on  the  eastern 
side  is  high,  and  consists  of  a  well  cultivated  soil.  We  had  fine  corn- 
fields, pretty  farms,  and  good  orchards,  in  view-  The  western  shore  is 
likewise  somewhat  high,  but  still  covered  with  woods  ;  and  we  now  and 
then,  though  seldom,  saw  one  or  two  little  settlements. 

JUNE  the  13th.  The  wind  favored  our  voyage  during  the  whole  nisht, 
so  that  I  had  no  opportunity  of  observing  the  nature  of  the  country. 


264  Kahn's  Visit  to  Albany  in  1749. 

This  morning,  at  five  o'clock,  we  were  but  nine  English  miles  from 
Albany.  The  country  on  both  sides  the  river  is  low,  and  covered  with 
woods,  excepting  a  few  little  scattered  settlements.  Under  the  high 
shores  of  the  river  are  wet  meadows  covered  with  sword-erass  (Carex), 
and  they  formed  several  little  islands.  We  saw  no  mountains,  and 
hastened  towards  Albany.  The  land  on  both  sides  of  the  river  is  chiefly 
low,  an  J  more  carefully  cultivated  as  we  came  nearer  to  Albany.  As 
to  the  houses  which  we  saw,  some  were  of  wood,  others  of  stone.  The 
river  is  seldom  above  a  musket-shot  broad,  and  in  several  parts  of  it  are 
sands,  which  require  great  experience  for  governing  the  jachls.  At 
eight  o'clock  in  the  morning,  we  arrived  at  Albany. 

All  the  yachts  which  ply  between  Albany  and  New- York,  belong  to 
Albany.  They  go  up  and  down  the  River  Hudson,  as  long  as  it  is  open 
and  free  from  ice.  1  hey  bring  from  Albany  boards  or  planks,  and  all 
sorts  of  timber,  flour,  pease,  and  furs,  which  they  get  from  the  Indians, 
or  which  are  smuggled  from  the  French.  They  come  home  almost 
empty,  and  only  bring  a  few  merchandises  with  them,  among  which 
rum  is  the  chief.  This  last  is  absolutely  necessary  to  the  inhabitants  of 
Albany  :  they  cheat  the  Indians  in  the  fur  trade  with  it;  for  when  the 
Indians  are  drunk,  they  will  leave  it  to  the  Albanians  to  fix  the  price  of 
the  furs.  The  yachts  are  pretty  large,  and  have  a  good  cabin,  in  which 
the  passengers  can  be  very  commodiously  lodged.  They  are  commonly 
built  of  red  cedar,  or  of  white  oak.  Frequently  the  bottom  consists  of 
white  oak,  and  the  sides  of  red  cedar,  because  the  latter  withstands 
putrefaction  much  longer  than  the  former.  The  red  cedar  is  likewise 
apt  to  split,  when  it  hits  against  any  thing ;  and  the  River  Hudson  is  in 
many  parts  full  of  sands  and  rocks,  against  which  the  keel  of  the  yacht 
sometimes  hits:  therefore  they  choose  white  oak  for  the  bottom,  as  being 
the  harder  wood,  and  not  splitting  so  easily  ;  and  the  bottom  beinij  con- 
tinually under  water,  is  not  so  much  exposed  to  putrefaction,  and  holds 
out  longer. 

The  canoes  which  the  yachts  have  along  with  them,  are  made  of  a 
single  piece  of  wood,  hollowed  out:  they  are  sharp  on  both  ends,  fre- 
quently three  or  four  fathoms  long,  and  as  broad  ab  the  thickness  of  the 
wood  will  allow.  The  people  in  it  do  not  row  sitting,  but  commonly  a 
fellow  stands  at  each  end,  with  a  short  oar  in  his  hand,  with  which  he 
governs  and  brings  the  canoe  forwards  Those  which  are  made  here  at 
Albany,  are  commonly  of  the  white  pine:  they  can  do  service  for  eight 
or  twelve  years,  especially  if  they  be  tarred  and  painted.  At  Albany 
they  make  them  of  the  white  pine,  since  there  is  no  other  wood  fit  for 
them  :  at  New- York  they  are  made  of  the  tulip-tree,  and  in  other  parts 
they  are  made  of  red  or  white  cedars  ;  but  both  these  In  es  are  so  small, 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Albany,  that  they  are  unfit  for  canoes  There 
are  no  seats  in  the  canoes;  for  if  they  had  any,  they  would  be  more  liable 
to  be  overset,  as  one  could  not  keep  the  equilibrium  so  well. 

Battoes  are  another  kind  of  boats,  which  are  much  in  use  at  Albany. 
They  are  made  of  boards  of  white  pine.  The  bottom  is  flat,  that  they 
may  row  the  belter  in  shallow  water  :  they  are  sharp  at  both  ends,  and 
somewhat  higher  towards  the  end  than  in  the  middle.  They  have  seats 
in  them,  and  are  rowed  as  common  boats.  They  are  long,  yet  not  all 
alike  :  commonly  three,  and  sometimes  four  fathoms  long.  The  height 
from  the  bottom  to  the  top  of  the  board  (for  the  sides  stand  almost  per- 


Kalm's  Visit  to  Albany  in  1749.  265 

pendicular)  is  from  twenty  inches  to  two  feet,  and  the  breadth  in  the 
middle  about  a  yard  and  six  inches.  They  are  chiefly  made  use  of  for 
carrying  goods,  by  means  of  the  rivers,  to  the  Indians  j  that  is,  when 
those  rivers  are  open  enough  for  the  bailees  to  pass  through,  and  \\hen 
they  need  not  be  carried  by  land  a  great  way.  The  boats  made  of  the 
bark  of  trees  break  easily  by  knocking  against  a  stone,  and  the  canoes 
cannot  carry  a  great  cargo,  and  are  easily  overset ;  the  bailees  are 
therefore  preferable  to  them  bolh.  I  saw  no  boals  here  like  those  of 
Sweden  and  other  parts  of  Europe. 

The  frost  does  frequently  a  great  deal  of  damage  at  Albany.  There 
is  hardly  a  month  in  summer,  during  which  a  frost  does  not  happen. 
The  spring  comes  very  late;  and  in  April  and  May  are  numerous  cold 
nights,  which  frequently  kill  the  flowers  of  trees  and  kitchen-herbs.  It 
was  feared  that  the  blossoms  of  the  apple-trees  had  been  so  severely 
damased  by  the  frost  lasl  May,  lhat  next  autumn  there  would  be  but 
very  few  apples.  The  oak- blossoms  are  very  often  killed  by  the  frost 
in  the  woods.  The  autumn  here  is  of  long  continuance,  with  warm 
days  and  nights.  However,  the  cold  nights  commonly  commence  lowards 
the  end  ef  September,  and  are  frequent  in  October.  The  people  are 
forced  to  keep  their  cattle  in  stables  from  the  middle  of  November  till 
March  or  April,  and  must  find  them  hay  during  that  time. 

During  summer  the  wind  blows  commonly  from  the  south,  and  brings 
a  great  drought  along  with  it.  Sometimes  it  rains  a  little  ;  and  as  ?oon 
as  it  has  rained,  the  wind  veers  to  northwest,  blowing  for  several  days 
from  that  point,  and  then  returning  to  the  south.  I  have  had  frequent 
opportunities  of  seeing  this  change  of  wind  happen  very  exactly,  both 
this  year  and  the  following. 

JUNE  the  15th.  The  enclosures  were  made  of  boards  of  fir- wood,  of 
which  there  is  abundance  in  the  extensive  woods,  and  many  saw-mills 
to  cut  into  boards. 

The  several  sorts  of  apple  trees  grow  very  well  here,  and  bear  as  fine 
fruit  as  in  any  other  part  of  North  America.  Each  farm  has  a  large 
orchard.  They  have  some  apples  here  which  are  very  large  and  very 
palatable  :  they  are  sent  to  New-York,  and  other  places,  as  a  rarity. 
They  make  excellent  cider,  in  autumn,  in  the  country  round  Albany. 

All  the  kinds  of  cherry-trees,  which  have  been  planted  here,  succeed 
very  well. 

Pear-trees  do  not  succeed  here.  This  was  complained  of  in  many 
other  parts  of  North  America.  But  I  fear  that  they  do  not  lake  suffi- 
cient care  in  the  management  and  planting  of  Ihem  ;  for  I  have  seen 
fine  pear?  in  several  parls  of  North  America. 

Peach-trees  have  often  been  planted  here,  and  never  would  succeed 
well.  This  was  attributed  to  a  worm  which  lives  in  the  ground,  and 
eats  through  the  root,  so  that  the  tree  dies.  Perhaps  the  severity  of  the 
winter  contributes  much  to  it. 

They  plant  no  other  fruit-trees  at  Albany,  besides  these  I  have  men- 
tioned. 

They  sow  as  much  hemp  and  flax  here,  as  they  want  for  home  con- 
sumption. 

They  sow  maize  in  great  abundance:  a  loose  soil  is  reckoned  the  best 
for  this  purpose,  for  it  will  not  grow  in  clay.  From  half  a  bushel  they 
reap  a  hundred  bushels.  They  reckon  maize  a  very  good  kind  of  corn; 


266  Kalm*s  Visit  to  Albany  zV1749. 

because  the  shoot  recovers  after  being  hurt  by  the  frost.  They  have 
had  examples  here  of  the  shoots  dying-  twice  in  spring,  to  the  very 
ground  ;  and  yet  they  shot  up  again  afterwards,  and  afforded  an  excel- 
lent crop.  Maize  has  likewise  the  advantage  of  standing  much  longer 
against  a  drought,  than  wheat.  The  larger  sort  of  maize  which  is 
commonly  sown  here,  ripens  in  September. 

They  sow  wheat  in  the  neighborhood  of  Albany,  with  great  advantage. 
From  one  bushel  they  get  twelve  sometimes  :  if  the  soil  be  good,  they 
get  twenty  bushels.  If  their  crop  amounts  only  to  ten  bushels  from  one. 
they  think  it  very  trifling.  The  inhabitants  of  the  country  round  Al- 
bany are  Dutch  and  German?.  The  Germans  live  in  several  great 
villages,  and  sow  great  quantities  of  wheat,  which  is  brought  to  Albany  : 
and  from  thence  they  send  many  yachts  laden  with  flour  to  New-York. 
The  wheat-flour  from  Albany  is  reckoned  the  best  in  all  North  America, 
except  that  from  Sopus  or  Kingston,  a  place  between  Albany  and  New- 
York.  AH  the  bread  in  Albany  is  made  of  wheat.  At  New- York  they 
pay  the  Albany  flour  with  several  shillings  more  per  hundred  weight, 
than  that  from  other  places. 

Rye  is  likewise  sown  here,  but  not  so  generally  as  wheat. 

They  do  not  sow  much  barley  here,  because  they  do  not  reckon  the 
profits  very  great.  Wheat  is  so  plentiful  that  they  make  malt  of  it.  In 
the  neighborhood  of  New- York,  I  saw  great  fields  sown  with  barley. 

They  do  not  sow  more  oats  than  are  necessary  for  their  horses. 

The  Dutch  and  Germans  who  live  hereabouts,  sow  pease  in  great 
abundance  :  they  succeed  very  well,  and  are  annually  carried  to  New- 
York  in  great  quantities.  They  have  been  free  from  insects  for  a  con- 
siderable time  ;  but  of  late  years  the  same  beetles  which  destroy  the 
pease  in  Pennsylvania,  New-Jersey,  and  the  lower  parts  of  the  province 
of  New- York,  have  likewise  appeared  abundant  among  the  pease  here. 
It  is  a  real  loss  to  this  town,  and  to  the  other  parts  of  North  America, 
which  used  to  get  pease  from  hence  for  their  own  consumption,  and  that 
of  their  sailors.  It  had  been  found  that  if  they  procured  good  pease 
from  Albany,  and  sowed  them  near  Kingston  or  the  lower  part  of  the 
province  of  New- York,  they  succeeded  very  well  the  first  year,  but  were 
so  full  of  worms  the  second  and  following  years  that  nobody  could  or 
would  eat  them  Some  people  put  ashes  into  the  pot.  among  the  pease, 
when  they  will  not  boil  or  soften  well;  but  whether  this  is  wholesome 
and  agreeable  to  the  palate,  I  do  not  know. 

Potatoes  are  generally  planted.  Some  people  preferred  ashes  to  sand 
for  keeping  th^m  in  during  winter.  The  Bermuda  potatoes  (Convol- 
vulus batatas)  have  likewise  been  planted  here,  and  succeed  pretty  well. 
The  greatest  difficulty  is  to  keep  them  during  winter  ;  for  they  generally 
rot  in  that  season. 

The  humming  bird  (Trochilus  colubris)  comes  to  this  place  some- 
times, but  is  rather  a  scarce  bird. 

The  shingles  with  which  the  houses  are  covered  are  made  of  the 
white  pine,  which  is  reckoned  as  good  and  as  durable,  and  sometimes 
better,  than  the  white  cedar  (Cupressus  thyoiJes).  The  white  pine  is 
found  abundant  here,  in  such  places  where  commnn  pines  grow  in 
Europe.  I  have  never  seen  them  in  <he  lower  parts  of  the  province  of 
New- York,  nor  in  New-Jersey  and  Pennsylvania.  They  saw  a  vast 
quantity  of  deal  from  the  white  pine  on  this  side  of  Albany,  which  are 
brought  down  to  New  York,  and  from  thence  exported. 


Kalm's  Visit  to  Albany  in  1749.  267 

The  woods  abound  with  vines,  which  likewise  grow  on  the  steep 
banks  of  the  river  in  surprising  quantities.  They  climbed  to  the  tops 
of  trees  on  the  bank,  and  bent  them  by  their  weight ;  but  where  they 
found  no  trees,  they  hung  down  along  the  steep  shores,  and  covered  them 
entirely.  The  grapes  are  eaten  after  the  frost  has  attacked  them;  for 
they  are  too  sour  before  :  they  are  not  much  used  any  other  way. 

The  vast  woods  and  uninhabited  grounds  between  Albany  and  Canada 
contain  immense  swarms  of  gnats,  which  annoy  the  travelers.  To  be 
in  some  measure  secured  against  these  insects,  some  besmear  their  face 
with  butter  or  grease  ;  for  the  gnats  do  not  like  to  settle  on  greasy 
places.  The  great  heat  makes  boots  very  uneasy  5  but  to  prevent  the 
gnats  from  slinging  the  legs,  they  wrap  some  paper  round  them,  under 
the  stockings.  Some  travelers  wear  caps  which  cover  the  whole  face, 
and  have  some  gauze  before  the  eyes.  At  night  they  lie  in  tents,  if  they 
can  carry  any  with  them ;  and  make  a  great  tire  at  the  entrance,  by  the 
smoke  of  which  the  gnats  are  driven  away. 

The  porpesses  seldom  go  higher  up  the  river  Hudson,  than  the  salt 
water  goes;  after  that,  the  sturgeons  fill  their  place.  It  has,  however, 
sometimes  happened  that  porpesses  have  gone  quite  up  to  Albany. 
There  is  a  report  that  a  whale  once  came  up  the  river  quite  to  this  town. 

The  fireflies  (Lampyris)  which  are  the  same  that  are  so  common  in 
Pennsylvania  during  summer,  are  seen  here  in  abundance  every  night. 
They  fly  up  and  down  in  the  streets  of  this  town.  They  come  into  the 
houses,  if  the  doors  and  windows  are  open. 

Several  of  the  Pennsylvanian  trees  are  not  to  be  met  with  in  these 
woods,  viz.  Magnolia  glauca,  the  Beaver-tree  ;  Nyssa  aquatica,  the 
Tupelo-tree ;  Liquidambar  styraciflua.  the  Sweet-gum  tree  ;  Diospyros 
virginiana,  the  Persimon;  Liriodendron  tulipifera,  the  Tulip-tree  ;  Ju- 

glans  nigra,    the  Black  Walnut-tree  ;  Quercus  ,   the  Swamp  Oak; 

Cercis  canadensis,  the  Salad-tree;  Robinia  pseudacacia,  the  Locust- 
tree;  Gleditsia  tri.icanthos,  the  Honey-locust  tree;  Annona  muricata, 
the  Papaw-tree;  Celtis  occidentalis,  the  Nettle  tree  ;  and  a  number  of 
shrubs,  which  are  never  found  here.  The  more  northerly  situation  of 
the  place,  the  height  of  the  Blue  mountains,  and  the  course  of  the 

P  rivers,  which  flow  here  southward  into  the  sea.  and  accordingly  carry 
the  seeds  of  plants  from  north  to  south,  and  not  the  contrary  way,  are 
chiefly  the  causes  that  several  plants  which  grow  in  Pennsylvania  can 
not  be  found  here. 

This  afternoon  I  went  to  see  an  island  which  lies  in  the  middle  of  the 
river,  about  a  mile  below  the  town.  This  island  is  an  English  mile 
long,  and  not  above  a  quarter  of  a  mile  broad.  It  is  almost  entirely 
turned  into  corn  fields  ;  and  is  inhabited  by  a  single  planter,  who,  be- 
sides possessing  this  island,  is  the  owner  of  two  more.  Here  we  saw 
no  woods,  except  a  few  trees  which  were  left  round  the  island  on  the 
shore,  and  formed  as  it  were  a  tall  and  great  hedge.  The  Red  Maple 
(Acer  rubrum)  grows  in  abun  lance  in  several  places.  Its  leaves  are 
white  or  silvery  on  the  under  sides,  and,  when  agitated  by  the  wind 
they  make  the  tree  appear  as  if  it  was  full  of  white  flowers.  The 
Water-beech  (Platanus  occidentalis)  grows  to  a  great  height,  and  is  one 
of  the  most  shady  trees  here.  The  Water-poplar  is  the  most  common 
tree  hereabouts,  grows  exceedingly  well  on  the  shores  of  the  river,  and 
is  as  tall  as  the  tallest  of  our  asps.  In  summer,  it  affords  the  best  shade 
24 


268  Kalm's  Visit  to  Albany  in  1749. 

for  men  and  cattle  against  the  scorching  heat.  On  the  banks  of  rivers 
and  lakes  it  is  one  of  the  most  useful  trees,  because  it  holds  the  soil  by 
its  extensive  branched  roots,  and  prevents  the  water  from  washing  it 
away.  The  Water  beech  and  the  Elm-tree  (Ulmus)  serve  the  same 
purpose.  The  wild  Prune-trees  were  plentiful  here,  and  were  full  of 
unripe  fruit :  its  wood  is  not  made  use  of,  but  its  fruit  is  eaten.  Sumach 
(Rhus  glabra)  is  plentiful  here  ;  as  also  the  wild  vines,  which  climb  up 
the  trees  and  creep  along  the  high  shores  of  the  river.  I  was  told  that 
the  grapes  ripen  very  late,  though  they  were  already  pretty  large.  The 
American  Elm  tree  (Ulmus  americana)  formed  several  high  hedges. 
The  soil  of  this  island  is  a  rich  mould  mixed  with  sand,  which  is  chiefly 
employed  in  maize  plantations.  There  were  likewise  large  fields  of 
potatoes.  The  whole  island  was  leased  for  one  hundred  pounds  of  New- 
York  currency.  The  person  who  had  taken  the  lease,  again  let  some 
greater  and  some  smaller  lots  of  ground  to  the  inhabitants  of  Albany, 
for  making  kitchen-gardens  of  5  and  by  that  means  reimbursed  himself. 
Portulack  ( Portulaca  oleracea)  grows  spontaneously  here  in  great 
abundance,  and  looks  very  well. 

JUNE  the  20th.  The  tide  in  the  river  Hudson  goes  about  eiaht  or  ten 
English  miles  above  Albany,  and  consequently  runs  one  hundred  and 
fifty  six  English  miles  from  the  sea.  In  spring,  when  the  snow  melts, 
there  is  hardly  any  flowing  near  this  town  j  for  the  great  quantity  of 
water  which  comes  from  the  mountains  during  that  season,  occasions  a 
continual  ebbing.  This  likewise  happens  after  heavy  rains. 

The  cold  is  generally  reckoned  very  severe  here.  The  ice  in  the  river 
Hudson  is  commonly  three  or  four  feet  thick.  On  the  3d  of  April,  some 
of  the  inhabitants  crossed  the  river  with  six  pair  of  horses.  The  ice 
commonly  dissolves  about  the  end  of  March,  or  beginning  of  April. 
Great  pieces  of  ice  come  down  about  that  time,  which  sometimes  carry 
with  them  the  houses  that  stand  close  to  the  shore.  The  water  is  very 
high  at  that  time  in  the  river  because  the  ice  stops  sometimes,  and  sticks 
in  places  whore  the  river  is  narrow.  The  water  has  been  often  observed 
to  rise  three  fathom  higher  than  it  commonly  is  in  summer.  The  ground 
is  frozen  here  in  winter  to  the  depth  of  three,  four,  or  five  feet.  On  the 
16th  of  November  the  yachts  are  put  up.  and  ?boul  the  beginning  or 
middle  of  April  they  are  in  motion  again.  They  are  unacquainted  with 
stoves  j  and  their  chimneys  are  so  wide  that  one  could  drive  through 
them  with  a  cart  and  horses. 

The  water  cf  several  wells  in  this  town  was  very  cool  about  this  time, 
but  had  a  kind  of  acid  taste,  which  was  not  very  aereeabie.  On  a  nearer 
examination,  I  found  an  abundance  of  little  insects  in  it,  which  were 
probably  Monoculi.  Their  length  was  difl'i  rent  :  gome  were  a  geome- 
trical line  and  an  half;  others  two,  and  others  four  lines  long  They 
were  very  narrow,  and  of  a  pale  color.  The  heud  was  blacker  and 
thicker  than  the  other  parts  of  the  body,  and  about  the  size  of  a  pin's 
head.  The  tail  was  divided  into  two  branches,  and  each  branch  ter- 
minaied  in  a  little  black  globule.  When  these  insects  swim,  tiny  pro- 
ce<  d  in  ctooked  or  undulated  lines,  almost  like  ladpoies.  I  pour*  d  some 
of  this  water  into  a  bowl,  and  put  near  a  frur  h  part  of  rum  to  it  :  the 
monoculi,  instead  of  bting  allecttd  with  it,  swam  about  as  briskly  as 
they  had  done  in  the  water.  This  shows,  that  if  one  makes  punoli  with 
this  water,  it  must  be  very  strong  to  kill  the  monoculi.  I  think  this 


Ralm^s  Visit  to  Albany  in  1749.  269 

water  is  not  very  wholesome  for  people  who  are  not  used  to  it,  though 
the  inhabitants  of  Albany  who  drink  it  every  day,  say  they  do  not  feel 
the  least  inconvenience  from  it  I  have  been  several  times  obliged  to 
drink  water  here,  in  which  I  have  plainly  seen  monoculi  swimming;  but 
I  generally  fell  the  next  day  somewhat  like  a  pea  in  my  throat,  or  as  if 
I  had  a  swelling  there,  and  this  continued  for  above  a  week.  I  felt 
such  swellings  this  year,  both  at  Albany  and  in  other  parts.  My  ser- 
vant, Yungstroem,  likewise  eot  a  great  pain  in  his  breast,  and  a  sensation 
as  from  a  swelling,  after  drinking  water  with  monoculi  in  it;  but  whe- 
ther these  insects  occasioned  it,  or  whether  it  came  from  some  other 
cause,  I  can  not  ascertain.  However,  I  have  always  endeavored,  as 
much  as  possible,  to  do  without  such  water  as  had  monoculi  in  it.  I 
have  (bund  monoculi  in  very  cold  water,  taken  from  the  deepest  wells, 
in  different  parts  of  this  country.  Perhaps  many  of  our  diseases  arise 
from  waters  of  this  kind,  which  we  do  not  sufficiently  examine.  I  have 
frequently  observed  abundance  of  minute  insects  in  water,  which  has 
been  remarkable  for  its  clearness.  Almost  each  house  in  Albany  has 
its  well,  the  water  of  which  is  applied  to  common  use;  but  for  tea, 
brewing  and  washing,  they  commonly  take  the  water  of  the  river 
Hudson,  which  flows  close  by  the  town.  This  water  is  generally  quite 
muddy,  and  very  warm  in  summer;  and,  on  that  account,  it  is  kept  in 
cellars,  in  order  that  the  slime  may  subside,  and  that  the  water  may 
cool  a  little. 

We  lodged  with  a  gunsmith,  who  told  us  that  the  best  charcoals  for 
the  forge  were  made  of  the  Black  Pine.  The  next  in  goodness,  in  his 
opinion,  were  charcoals  made  of  the  Beech-tree.  The  best  and  dearest 
stocks  for  his  muskets  were  made  of  the  wood  of  the  Wild  Cherry-tree  ; 
and  next  to  these,  he  valued  those  of  the  Red  Ma  pie  most.  They  scarce 
make  use  of  any  other  wood  for  this  purpose.  The  Black  Walnut  tree 
affords  excellent  wood  for  stocks  ;  but  it  does  not  grow  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Albany. 

JUNE  the  21st.  Next  to  the  town  of  New-York,  Albany  is  the  principal 
town,  or  at  least  the  most  wealthy,  in  the  province  of  New- York.  It  is 
situated  on  the  declivity  of  a  hill,  close  to  the  western  shore  of  the  river 
Hudson,  about  one  hundred  and  forty-six  English  miles  from  New-York. 
The  town  extends  alons  the  river,  which  flows  here  from  N.N.E.  to 
S.S.W.  The  high  mountains  in  the  west,  above  the  town,  bound  the 
prospect  on  that  side.  There  are  two  churches  in  Albaoy,  an  English 
one  and  a  Dutch  one.  The  Dutch  church  stands  at  some  distance  from 
the  river,  on  the  east  side  of  the  market.  It  is  built  of  stone  ;  and  in 
the  middle  it  has  a  small  steeple,  with  a  bell.  It  has  but  one  minister, 
who  preaches  twice  every  Sunday.  The  English  church  is  situated  on 
the  hill,  at  the  west  end  of  the  market,  directly  under  the  fort.  It  is 
likewise  built  of  stone,  but  has  no  steeple.  There  was  no  service  at  this 
church  at  this  time,  because  they  had  no  minister;  and  all  the  people 
understood  Dutch,  the  garrison  excepted.  The  minister  of  this  church 
has  a  settled  income  of  one  hundrpd  pounds  sterling,  which  he  gets  from 
England.  The  town-hall  lies  to  the  southward  of  the  Dutch  church, 
close  by  the  river  side.  It  is  a  fine  building  of  stone,  three  stories  high. 
It  has  a  small  tower  or  steeple  with  a  bell,  and  a  gilt  ball  and  vane  at 
the  top  of  it. 

The  houses  in  this  town  are  very  neat,  and  partly  built  with  stones 


270  Kalm's  Visit  to  Albany  in  1749. 

covered  with  shingles  of  the  White  Pine.  Some  are  slated  with  tiles 
from  Holland,  because  the  clay  of  this  neighborhood  is  not  reckoned  n't 
for  tiles.  Most  of  the  houses  are  built  in  the  old  way,  with  the  gable- 
end  towards  the  street  ;  a  few  excepted,  which  were  lately  built  in  the 
manner  now  used.  A  great  number  of  houses  were  built  like  those  of 
New-Brunswick,  which  I  have  described*;  the  gable-end  being  built, 
towards  the  street,  of  bricks,  and  all  the  other  walls  of  planks.  The 
outside  of  the  houses  is  never  covered  with  lime  or  morlar,  nor  have  I 
seen  it  practised  in  any  North-American  towns  which  I  have  visited; 
and  the  walls  do  not  seem  to  be  damaged  by  the  air.  The  gutters  on 
the  roofs  reach  almost  to  the  middle  of  the  street.  This  preserves  the 
walls  from  being  damaged  by  the  rain  ;  but  is  extremely  disagreeable  in 
rainy  weather  for  the  people  in  the  streets,  there  being  hardly  any  means 
of  avoiding  the  water  from  the  gutters.  The  street-doors  are  generally 
in  the  middle  of  the  houses;  and  on  both  sides  are  seats,  on  which, 
during  fair  weather,  the  people  spend  almost  the  whole  day,  especially 
on  those  which  are  in  the  shadow  of  the  houses.  In  the  evening  these 
seats  are  covered  with  people  of  both  sexes;  but  this  is  rather  trouble- 
some, as  those  who  pass  by  are  obliged  to  greet  every  body,  unless  they 
will  shock  the  politeness  of  the  inhabitants  of  this  town.  The  streets 
are  broad,  and  some  of  them  are  paved  ;  in  some  parts  they  are  lined 
with  trees  :  the  long  streets  are  almost  parallel  to  the  river,  and  the 
others  intersect  them  at  right  angles.  The  street  wlich  goes  between 
the  two  churches,  is  five  times  broader  than  the  others,  and  serves  as  a 
marketplace.  The  streets  upon  the  whole  are  very  dirty,  because  the 
people  leave  their  cattle  in  them  durme  the  summer  nights.  There  are 
two  market-places  in  the  town,  to  which  the  country  people  resort  twice 
a  week. 

The  fort  lies  higher  than  any  other  building,  on  a  high  steep  hill  on 
the  west  side  of  the  town.  It  is  a  great  building  of  stone,  surrounded 
with  high  and  thick  walls.  Its  situation  is  very  bad,  as  it  can  only  serve 
to  keep  off  plundering  parties,  without  being  able  to  sustain  a  siege. 
There  are  numerous  high  hills  to  the  west  of  the  fort,  which  command 
it,  and  from  whence  one  may  see  all  that  is  done  within  it.  There  is 
commonly  an  officer  and  a  number  of  soldiers  quartered  in  it.  They  say 
the  fort  contains  a  spring  of  water. 

The  situation  of  Albany  is  very  advantageous  in  regard  to  trade. 
The  river  Hudson,  which  flows  close  by  it,  is  from  twelve  to  twenty 
feet  deep.  There  is  not  yet  any  quay  made  for  the  better  lading  of  the 
yachts,  because  the  people  feared  it  would  suffer  greatly,  or  be  entirely 
carried  away  in  spring  by  the  ice,  which  then  comes  down  the  river. 
The  vessels  which  are  in  use  here,  may  come  pretty  near  the  shore  in 
order  to  be  laden,  and  heavy  goods  are  brought  to  them  upon  canoes  tied 
together.  Albany  carries  on  a  considerable  commerce  with  New- York, 
chiefly  in  furs,  boards,  wheat,  flour,  pease,  several  kinds  of  timber,  &c. 
There  is  not  a  place  in  all  the  British  colonies,  the  Hudson's  Bay  settle- 
ments  excepted,  where  such  quantities  of  furs  and  skins  are  bought  of 
the  Indians,  as  at  Albany.  Most  of  the  merchants  in  this  town  send  a 

*  One  of  the  streets  is  almost  entirely  inhabited  by  Dutchmen  from  Albany,  and  for 
that  reason  they  call  it  Albany  street.  These  Dutch  people  only  keep  company  among 
themselves,  and  seldom  or  never  go  amongst  the  other  inhabitants,  living  as  it  were 
quite  separate  from  them  —  Vol.  \.  p.  228. 


Kalm's  Visit  to  Albany  in  1749.  271 

clerk  or  agent  to  Oswego,  an  English  trading  town  upon  the  lake  Ontario, 
to  which  the  Indians  rtsort  with  their  furs.  I  intend  to  give  a  more 
minute  account  of  this  place  in  my  journal  for  the  year  1750.  The 
merchants  from  Albany  spend  the  whole  summer  at  Oswego,  and  trade 
with  many  tribes  of  In  Hans  who  come  to  them  with  their  goods.  Many 
people  have  assured  me  that  the  Indians  are  frequently  cheated  in  dis- 
posing of  their  goods,  especial. y  when  they  are  in  Jiquor  ;  and  that 
sometimes  they  do  not  get  one  half,  or  even  one  tenth  of  the  value  of 
their  goods.  I  have  been  a  witness  to  several  transactions  of  this  kind. 
The  merchants  of  Albany  glory  in  these  tricks,  and  are  highly  pleased 
when  they  have  given  a  poor  Indian  a  greater  portion  of  brandy  than  he 
can  bear,  and  when  they  can  after  that  get  all  his  goods  for  mere  trifles. 
The  Indians  often  find,  when  they  are  sober  again,  that  they  have  been 
cheated  :  they  grumble  somewhat,  but  are  goon  satisfied  when  lln  y  re- 
flect that  they  have  for  once  drank  as  much  as  they  are  able,  of  a  liquor 
winch  they  value  beyond  any  thing  else  in  the  whole  world;  and  they 
are  quite  insensible  to  their  los?,  if  they  again  get  a  draught  of  this 
nectar.  Besides  this  trade  at  Oswego,  a  number  of  Indians  come  to 
Albany  from  several  parts,  especially  from  Canada;  but  from  this  latter 
place,  they  hardly  bring  any  thing  but  beaver  skins.  There  is  a  great 
penalty  in  Canada  for  carrying  furs  to  the  English,  that  trade  belonging 
to  the  French  West  India  Company ;  notwithstanding  which  the  French 
merchants  in  Canada  carry  on  a  considerable  smuggling  trade.  They 
send  their  furs,  by  means  of  the  Indians,  to  their  correspondents  at  Al- 
bany, who  purchase  it  at  the  price  which  they  have  fixed  upon  with  the 
French  merchants.  The  Indians  take  in  return  several  kinds  of  cloth, 
and  other  goods,  which  may  be  got  here  at  a  lower  rate  than  those  which 
are  sent  to  Canada  from  France. 

The  greater  part  of  the  merchants  at  Albany  have  extensive  estates 
in  the  country,  and  a  great  deal  of  wood.  If  their  estates  have  a  little 
brook,  they  do  not  fail  to  erect  a  saw-mill  upon  it  for  sawing  boards  and 
planks,  with  which  commodity  many  yachts  go  during  the  whole  summer 
to  New-York,  having  scarce  any  other  lading  than  boards. 

Many  people  at  Albany  make  the  wampum  of  the  Indians,  which  is 
their  ornament  and  their  money,  by  grinding  some  kinds  of  shells  and 
musses :  this  is  a  considerable  profit  to  the  inhabitants.  I  shall  speak 
of  this  kind  of  mon  y  in  the  sequel.  The  extensive  trade  which  the 
inhabitants  of  Albany  carry  on,  and  their  sparing  manner  of  life,  in  the 
Dutch  way,  contribute  to  the  considerable  wealth  which  many  of  them 
acquire. 

The  inhabitants  of  Albany  and  its  environs  are  almost  all  Dutchmen. 
They  speak  Dutch,  have  Dutch  preachers,  and  divine  service  is  per- 
formed in  that  language  :  their  manners  are  likewise  Dutch  ;  their  dress 
is,  however,  like  that  of  the  English.  It  is  well  known  that  the  first 
Europeans  who  settled  in  the  province  of  New-York  were  Dutchmen. 
During  the  time  that  they  were  the  masters  of  this  province,  they  pos- 
sessed themselves  of  New-Sweden*,  of  which  they  were  jealous.  How- 
ever, the  pleasure  of  possessing  this  conquered  land  and  their  own  was 
but  of  short  duration  ;  for  towards  the  end  of  1664,  Sir  Robert  Carre,  by 
order  of  King  Charles  the  second,  went  to  New-York,  then  New  Am- 
sterdam, and  took  it.  Soon  after  Col.  Nichols  went  to  Albany,  which 

*  New-Jersey  and  a  part  of  Pennsylvania  were  formerly  comprised  under  this  name. 


272  Kalm's  Visit  to  Albany  in  1749. 

then  bore  the  name  of  Fort  Orange,  and  upon  taking  it.  named  it  Albany, 
from  the  Duke  of  York's  Scotch  title.  The  Dutch  inhabitants  were 
allowed  either  to  continue  where  they  were,  and,  under  the  protection 
of  the  English,  to  enjoy  all  their  former  privileges  ;  or  to  leave  the 
country.  The  greater  part  of  them  chose  to  stay,  and  from  them  the 
Dutchmen  are  descended,  who  now  live  in  the  province  of  New-York, 
and  who  possess  the  greatest  and  best  estates  in  that  province. 

The  avarice  and  selfishness  of  the  inhabitants  of  Albany  are  very  well 
known  throughout  all  North  America,  by  the  English,  by  the  French, 
and  even  by  the  Dutch  in  the  lower  part  of  New- York  province.  If  a 
Jew,  who  understands  the  art  of  getting  forward  perfectly  well,  should 
settle  amongst  them,  they  would  not  fail  to  ruin  him.  For  this  reason 
nobody  comes  to  this  place  without  the  most  pressing  necessity  ;  and 
therefore  I  was  asked,  in  several  places,  what  induced  me  to  go  to  it 
two  years  one  after  another.  I  likewise  found  that  the  judgment,  which 
people  formed  of  them,  was  not  without  foundation.  For  though  they 
seldom  see  any  strangers  (except  those  who  go  from  the  British  colonies 
to  Canada  and  back  again),  and  one  might  therefore  expect  to  find  vie- 
tuals  and  accommodation  for  travelers  cheaper  than  in  places  where 
travelers  always  resort  to  ;  yet  I  experienced  the  contrary.  I  was  here 
obliged  to  pay  for  every  thing  twice,  thrice,  and  four  times  as  dear  as  in 
any  part  of  North  America  which  I  have  passed  through.  If  I  wanted 
their  assistance,  I  was  obliged  to  pay  them  very  well  for  it;  and  when 
I  wanted  to  purchase  any  thing,  or  to  be  helped  in  some  case  or  other, 
I  could  presently  see  what  kind  of  blood  ran  in  their  veins;  for  they 
either  fixed  exorbitant  prices  for  their  services,  or  were  very  backward 
to  assist  me.  Such  was  this  people  in  general.  However,  there  were 
some  amongst  them  who  equaled  any  in  North  America,  or  any  where 
else,  in  politeness,  equity,  goodness,  and  readiness  to  serve  and  to  oblige; 
but  their  number  fell  far  short  of  that  of  the  former.  If  I  may  be  allowed 
to  declare  my  conjectures,  the  origin  of  the  inhabitants  of  Albany  and  its 
neighborhood  seems  to  me  to  be  as  follows  :  Whilst  the  Dutch  possessed 
this  country,  and  intended  to  people  it,  the  government  took  up  a  pack 
of  vagabonds,  of  which  they  intended  to  clear  the  country,  and  sent 
them  along  with  a  number  of  other  settlers  to  this  province.  The  va- 
gabonds were  sent  far  from  the  other  colonists,  upon  the  borders  towards 
the  Indians  and  other  enemies  ;  and  a  few  honest  families  were  per- 
suaded to  go  with  them,  in  order  to  keep  them  in  bounds.  I  can  not  any 
other  way  account  for  the  difference  between  the  inhabitants  of  Albany, 
and  the  other  descendants  of  so  respectable  a  nation  as  the  Dutch,  who 
are  settled  in  the  lower  part  of  New-York  province.  The  latter  are 
civil,  obliging,  just  in  the  prices,  and  sincere;  and  though  they  are  not 
ceremonious,  yet  they  are  well  meaning  and  honest,  and  their  promises 
are  to  be  relied  on. 

The  behavior  of  the  inhabitants  of  Albany,  during  the  war  between 
England  and  France,  which  was  ended  with  the  peace  of  Aix  la  Cha- 
pelle,  has,  among  several  other  causes,  contributed  to  make  them  the 
object  of  hatred  in  all  the  British  colonies,  but  more  especially  in  New- 
England.  For  at  the  beginning  of  that  war,  when  the  Indians  of  both 
parties  had  received  orders  to  commence  hostilities,  the  French  engaged 
theirs  to  attack  the  inhabitants  of  New-England  ;  which  they  faithfully 
executed,  killing  every  body  they  met  with,  and  carrying  off  whatever 


Kalm*s  Visit  to  Albany  in  1749.  273 

they  found.  During  this  time  the  people  of  Albany  remained  neutral, 
and  carried  on  a  great  trade  with  the  very  Indians  who  murdered  ihe 
inhabitants  of  New-England.  The  plate,  such  as  silver  spoons,  bowls, 
cups,  &c..  of  which  the  Indians  robbed  the  houses  in  New-England,  was 
carried  to  Albany  for  sale.  The  people  of  that  town  bought  up  these 
silver  vessels,  though  the  names  of  the  owners  were  graved  on  many  of 
them  ;  and  encouraged  the  Indians  to  get  more  of  them,  promising  to 
pay  them  well,  and  whatever  they  would  demand.  This  was  afterwards 
interpreted  by  the  inhabitants  of  New-England,  as  if  the  Albanians 
encouraged  the  Indians  to  kill  more  of  the  people,  who  were  in  a  manner 
their  brothers,  and  who  were  subjects  of  the  same  crown.  Upon  the  first 
news  of  this  behavior,  which  the  Indians  themselves  spread  in  New- 
England,  the  inhabitants  of  the  latter  province  were  greatly  incensed, 
and  threatened  that  the  first  step  they  would  take  in  another  war  would 
be  to  burn  Albany  and  the  adjacent  pans.  In  the  present  war  it  will 
sufficiently  appear  how  backward  the  other  British  provinces  in  America 
are  in  assisting  Albany,  and  the  neighboring  places,  in  case  of  an  attack 
from  the  French  or  Indians.  The  hatred  whicb  the  English  bear  against 
the  people  at  Albany  is  very  great,  but  that  of  the  Albanians  against 
the  English  is  carried  to  a  ten  times  higher  degree.  This  hatred  has 
subsisted  ever  since  the  time  when  the  English  conquered  this  country, 
and  is  not  yet  extinguished,  though  they  could  never  have  got  such  ad- 
vantages under  the  Dutch  government  as  they  have  obtained  under  that 
of  the  English  ;  for,  in  a  manner,  their  privileges  are  greater  than  those 
of  Englishmen. 

The  inhabitants  of  Albany  are  much  more  sparing  than  the  English. 
The  meat  which  is  served  up  is  often  insufficient  to  satisfy  the  stomach, 
and  the  bowl  does  not  circulate  so  freely  as  amongst  the  English.  The 
women  are  perfectly  well  acquainted  with  economy  :  they  rise  early,  go 
to  sleep  very  late,  and  are  almost  over  nice  and  cleanly  in  regard  to  the 
floor,  which  is  frequently  scoured  several  times  in  the  week.  The  ser- 
vants in  the  town  are  chiefly  negroes.  Some  of  the  inhabitants  wear 
their  own  hair,  but  it  is  very  short,  without  a  bag  or  queue,  which  are 
looked  upon  as  Ihe  characteristics  of  Frenchmen  ;  and  as  I  wore  my 
hair  in  a  bag  the  first  day  I  came  here  from  Canada,  I  was  surrounded 
with  children,  who  called  me  Frenchman  and  some  of  the  boldest  of- 
fered to  pull  at  my  French  dress. 

Their  meat,  and  manner  of  dressing  it.  is  very  different  from  that  of 
the  English.  Their  breakfast  is  tea,  commonly  without  milk.  About 
thirty  or  forty  years  ago,  tea  was  unknown  to  them,  and  they  break- 
fasted either  upon  bread  and  butter  or  bread  and  milk.  They  never 
put  sugar  into  the  cup,  but  take  a  small  bit  of  it  into  their  mouths  whilst 
they  drink.  Along  with  the  tea  they  eat  bread  and  butter,  with  slices 
of  hung  beef.  Coffee  is  not  usual  here  :  they  breakfast  generally  about 
seven.  Their  dinner  is  buttermilk  and  bread,  to  which  they  sometimes 
add  sugar  and  then  it  is  a  delicious  dish  for  them  j  or  fresh  milk  and 
bread  ;  or  boiled  or  roasted  flesh.  They  sometimes  make  use  of  butter- 
milk instead  of  fresh  milk,  to  boil  a  thin  kind  of  porridge  with,  which 
tastes  very  sour,  but  not  disagreeable  in  hot  weather.  To  each  dinner 
they  have  a  great  sallad,  prepared  with  abundance  of  vinegar  and  very 
little  or  no  oil.  They  frequently  eat  buttermilk,  bread  and  sallad,  one 
mouthful  after  another.  Their  supper  is  generally  bread  and  butler, 


274  Kalris  Visit  to  Albany  in  1749. 

and  milk  and  bread  They  sometimes  eat  cheese  at  breakfast,  and  at 
dinner  :  it  is  not  in  slices,  but  scraped  or  rasped,  so  as  to  resemble  coarse 
flour,  which  they  pretend  adds  to  the  good  taste  of  cheese.  They  com- 
monly drink  very  small  beer,  or  pure  water. 

The  governor  of  New  York  often  confers  at  Albany  with  the  Indians 
of  the  Five  Nations,  or  the  Iroquese  (Mohawks,  Senekas,  Cayugaws, 
Onondagoes  and  Onidoes),  especially  when  they  intend  either  to  make 
war  upon,  or  to  continue  a  war  against  the  French.  Sometimes  their 
deliberations  likewise  turn  upon  their  conversion  to  the  Christian  reli- 
gion;  and  it  appears  by  the  answer  of  one  of  the  Indian  chiefs,  or  sa- 
chems, to  Gov.  Hunter,  at  a  conference  in  this  town,  that  the  English 
do  not  pay  so  much  attention  to  a  work  of  so  much  consequence,  as  the 
French  do;  and  that  they  do  not  send  such  able  men  to  instruct  the 
Indians,  as  they  ought  to  do.  For  after  Gov.  Hunter  had  presented 
these  Indians,  by  order  of  Queen  Anne,  with  many  clothes  and  other 
presents,  of  which  they  were  fond,  he  intended  to  convince  them  still 
more  of  her  Majesty's  good  will  and  care  for  them,  by  adding,  "  that 
their  good  mother,  the  Queen,  had  not  only  generously  provided  them 
with  fine  clothes  for  their  bodies,  but  likewise  intended  to  adorn  their 
souls,  by  the  preaching  of  the  gospel;  and  that  to  this  purpose,  some 
ministers  should  be  sent  to  them  to  instruct  them  "  The  governor  had 
scarce  ended,  when  one  of  the  oldest  sachems  got  up  and  answered, 
"that  in  the  name  of  all  the  Indians,  he  thanked  their  gracious  good 
queen  and  mother  for  the  fine  clothes  she  had  sent  them  ;  but  that  in 
regard  to  the  ministers,  they  had  already  had  some  among  them  (whom 
he  likewise  named),  who.  instead  of  preaching  the  holy  gospel  to  them, 
had  taught  them  to  drink  to  excess,  to  cheat,  and  to  quarrel  among 
themselves."  He  then  entreated  the  governor  to  take  from  them  these 
preachers,  and  a  number  of  Europeans  who  resided  amongst  them;  for 
before  they  were  come  among  them,  the  Indians  had  been  an  honest, 
sober  and  innocent  people,  but  most  of  them  became  rogues  now;  that 
they  had  formerly  had  the  fear  of  God,  but  that  they  hardly  believed  his 
existence  at  present ;  that  if  he  (the  governor)  would  do  them  any  favor, 
he  should  send  two  or  three  blacksmiths  amongst  them,  to  teach  them 
to  forge  iron,  in  which  they  were  unexperienced.  The  governor  could 
not  forbear  laughing  at  this  extraordinary  speech.  I  think  the  words  of 
St.  Paul  not  wholly  inapplicable  on  this  occasion:  ''For  the  name  of 
God  is  blasphemed  amongst  the  Gentiles,  through  you." — Rom.  ii.  24. 

JUVE  the  21st.  About  five  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  we  left  Albany, 
and  proceeded  towards  Canada.  We  had  two  men  with  us,  who  were 
to  accompany  us  to  the  first  French  place,  which  is  Fort  St.  Frederick, 
or,  as  the  English  call  it,  Crown  Point.  For  this  service  each  of  them 
was  to  receive  five  pounds  of  New-York  currency,  besides  which  I  was 
to  provide  them  with  victuals.  This  is  the  common  price  here ;  and  he 
that  does  not  choose  to  conform  to  it,  is  obliged  to  travel  alone.  We 
were  forced  to  take  up  with  a  canoe,  as  we  could  get  neither  bailees 
nor  boats  of  bark  ;  and  as  there  was  a  good  road  along  the  west  side  of 
the  river  Hudson,  we  left  the  men  to  row  forwards  in  the  canoe,  and  we 
went  along  it  on  the  shore,  that  we  might  be  better  able  to  examine  it 
and  its  curiosities  with  srealer  accuracy.  It  is  very  incommodious  to 
row  in  these  canoes;  for  one  stands  at  each  end,  and  pushes  the  boat 
forwards.  They  commonly  keep  close  to  the  shore,  that  they  may  be 


Kalm's  Visit  to  Albany  in  1749.  275 

able  to  reach  the  ground  easily.  Thus  the  rowers  are  forced  to  stand 
upright,  whilst  they  row  in  a  canoe.  We  kept  along  the  shore  all  the 
evening:  towards  the  river  it  consisted  of  great  hills,  and  next  to  the 
water  grew  the  trees,  which  I  have  before  mentioned,  and  which  like- 
wise are  to  be  met  with  on  the  shores  of  the  isle  in  the  river  situate 
below  Albany.  The  easterly  shore  of  the  river  is  uncultivated,  woody 
and  hily;  but  the  western  is  flat,  cultivated,  and  chiefly  turned  into 
corn-fields,  which  had  no  drains,  though  they  wanted  them  in  some 
places.  It  appeared  very  plainly  here  that  the  river  had  formerly  been 
broader;  for  there  is  a  slopins  bank  on  the  cornfields,  at  about  thirty 
yards  distance  from  the  river,  with  which  it  always  runs  parallel.  From 
this  it  sufficiently  appears  that  the  rising  ground  formerly  was  the  shore 
of  the  river,  and  the  corn  fields  its  bed.  As  a  further  proof,  it  may  be 
added  that  the  same  shells  which  abound  on  the  present  shore  of  the 
river,  and  are  not  applied  to  any  use  by  the  inhabitants,  lie  plentifully 
scattered  on  these  fields.  I  cannot  say  whether  this  change  was  occa- 
sioned by  the  diminishing  of  the  water  in  the  river,  or  by  its  washing 
some  earth  down  the  river  and  carrying  it  to  its  sides,  or  by  the  river's 
cutting  deeper  in  on  the  sides. 


THE  FAR  WEST  OF  1795. 

A  treaty  of  peace  and  friendship  was  concluded  at  Canandaigua,  in 
1794,  beiween  the  United  Slates  and  the  Six  Nations,  by  which  the 
danger  of  depredations  upon  setllers  was  removed,  and  a  large  and 
fertile  region  opened  to  the  surplus  population  of  the  New  England 
States.  The  Genesee  Valley  immediately  became  an  El  Dorado  to  the 
people  of  those  states.  The  want  of  roads,  and  better  means  of  con- 
veyance, in  many  cases,  than  ox  sleds,  rendered  it  a  far  off  country ;  but 
the  fame  of  its  wheat  fields  induced  multitudes  to  brave  every  hardship 
in  sub  iuing  the  wilderness.  The  principal  avenue  to  that  country  lay 
through  the  city  of  Albany,  and  the  tide  of  emigration  in  the  winter  of 
1795  was  a  great  phenomenon  to  its  inhabitants.  It  was  estimated  that 
1200  sleighs,  freighted  with  men,  women,  children  and  furniture,  passed 
through  the  city  in  three  days  of  the  month  of  February.  On  the  28th 
of  that  month,  a  citizen  undertook  to  ascertain  the  amount  of  a  single 
day's  travel,  and  counted  500  sleighs  from  sunrise  to  sunset  —  those 
passing  in  the  night  not  being  enumerated. 


A  RARE  BIRD. 

The  citizens  of  Albany  were  entertained,  in  November  1788,  with  the 
extraordinary  sight  of  an  "uncommon  bird,"  killed  at  Saratoga  and 
sent  do\\n  as  a  rarity.  "  The  distance  from  the  tip  of  one  wing  to  the 
other,  when  both  were  extended,  was  9  feet  2  inches  ;  the  mouth  was 
large  enough  to  contain  the  head  of  a  boy  ten  years  old,  and  the  throat 
BO  capacious  as  to  admit  the  foot  and  leg  of  a  man,  boot  and  all,''  No 
one  could  decide  what  species  the  stranger  belonged  to,  till,  the  counsel 
of  Dr.  Mitchell  of  New-York  being  called  in,  it  was  decided  to  be  a 
pelican — perhaps  the  only  one  that  ever  extended  his  discoreri«s  to  this 
region 


276         Biographical  Notice  of  Harmanus  Bleecker. 


HARMANUS  BLEECKER. 

Mr.  Bleecker  was  a  descendant  of  the  celebrated  Jan  Jansen  Bleecker, 
the  ancestor,  it  is  believed,  of  all  who  bear  that  name  in  this  State. 
Jacob  Bleecker,  the  lather  of  Harmanus,  was  a  merchant  and  a  much 
esteemed  citizen.  After  having  received  a  classical  education,  Mr. 
Bleecker  entered  upon  the  study  of  the  law  in  the  office  of  John  V. 
Henry  and  James  Emott,  who  were  eminent  counsellors  of  the  day ;  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  at  the  bar  of  this  State  in  1801,  in  the  22d  year 
of  his  age.  He  entered  into  partnership  with  Theodore  Sedgwick,  late 
of  Stockbridge;  which  connection  endured  for  many  years,  and  proved 
honorable  and  lucrative  to  both.  Mr.  Bleecker  in  particular  became 
known  throughout  the  State  as  an  eminent  advocate,  and  his  name  is 
frequently  to  be  found  on  the  pajes  of  the  reports  of  the  days  when 
Kent,  and  Spencer,  and  Thompson,  and  Van  Ness,  were  the  great 
luminaries  of  the  science.* 

He  was  also  successful  in  his  political  career.  Having  been  several 
years  a  member  of  assembly  for  this  county,  he  was  in  1810  elected  to 
Congress,  where  he  served  during  the  stormy  period  of  the  last  war  with 
Great  Britain,  and  acting  with  the  federal  party,  was  one  of  those  who 
opposed  the  war.  At  various  times  he  was  honored  with  other  impor- 
tant trusts,  indicative  of  the  hish  opinion  entertained  of  him.  His  name 
is  found  in  the  first  board  of  managers  of  the  Albany  Bible  Society,  in- 
corporated in  1811  He  was  a  resent  of  the  University  for  several 
years;  a  commissioner  on  the  part  of  this  state,  for  settling  the  boundary 
between  New-York  and  New-Jersey.  Gov.  Clinton,  to  whom  he  had 
been  actively  opposed  for  many  years  previous,  offered  him  the  post  of 
adjutant  general,  which  he  declined,  while  he  appreciated  the  magnani- 
mity that  dictated  the  proposal.  On  the  accession  of  Mr.  Van  Buren  to 
the  presidency,  Mr.  Bleecker  was  sent  to  the  Hague  as  the  American 
minister,  where  he  made  an  impression  that  will  not  be  effaced  in  our 
generation.  It  was  during  his  residence  at  the  Hague  that  he  married 
a  lady  of  the  country,  Miss  Sebastiana  Cornelia  Mentz,  with  whom  he 
visited  Holland  once  after  the  close  of  his  mission. 

*  It  will  be  seen,  in  the  following  list  of  students  who  acquired  their  profession  in  his 
office,  that  it  includes  many  who  have,  by  their  talents  and  worth,  risen  to  places  of 
eminence  and  distinction. 

Henry  D.  Sedgwick,  Robert  Sedgwick.  Solomon  Southwick,  John  W.  Taylor 
(Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  1825-2'i).  David  Rust,  Henry  Jones,  Abra- 
ham Holdridge,  Cornelius  R.  D  Lansings  .lacol)  Dox.  Peter  P.  J.  Kean.  Jacob  Suther- 
land (Judge  of  old  Supreme  Court),  Henry  \V.  Channing,  John  Rodman,  Thomas  D. 
Higgiiis,  Sterling  Goodenow,  Isaac  Truax.  Gideon  Hawley,  Peter  Gansevoort,  Henry 
Starr,  David  Raymond,  Kbenezer  Baldwin,  William  Diirling,  Abraham  Schuyler, 
Henry  H  Fuller,  John  Porter,  E.  P.  Storrs.  James  Dexter,  Gilbert  L  Thompson, 
James  C.  Bloodgood,  John  D.  Crocker,  Cornelius  Gates.  Frederick  Matthews,  Bargood 
E  Hand,  Richard  V.  De  Witt,  Frederick  Whitt!e<ey  (Judge  of  Supreme  Court),  N  N. 
Hall,  Henry  J.  Linn.  C.  V.S.Kane.  Metcalf  Yates,  Hamilton  Bocart,  John  B.  Van 
Schaick.  Augustus  Beardslee,  Henry  G.  Wheaton,  S  V.  R.  Bleecker,  W.  Duer  Hen- 
derson, Charles  Fenno  Hoffman.  Bradford  R  Wood,  David  Dudley  Field,  D  A  Noble, 
Philip  S.  Van  Rensselaer.  Harvey  Hyde,  Charles  Walsh,  S.  Cook,  P.  V.  S.  Wendover, 
E  T.  T.  Martin.  Israel  T.  Hatch,  Leonard  Bement.  W.  H.  Bogart,  John  B-  Luce, 
Charlemagne  Tower,  John  James  Kane,  Henry  H.  Mnrtin,  Charles  N.  Rowley,  Cam- 
bridge Livingston,  John  W.  Bradford,  Francis  Randall. 


Biographical  Notice  of  Harmanus  Bleecker.         277 

Mr.  Bleecker  was  one  of  the  most  cultivated  gentlemen  in  the  state. 
After  his  return  from  Holland,  he  continued  the  study  of  literature  in 
all  its  varied  departments,  and  paid  much  attention  to  theology.  Though 
by  association,  and  by  family  and  inherited  sympathies,  identified  with 
the  older  times  and  people  of  this  country,  no  man  entered  more  zea- 
lously into  every  progress  of  the  times,  and  rejoiced  that  for  the  great 
multitude  of  the  people  the  advancing  years  were,  more  and  more,  years 
of  education  and  comfort  and  prosperity.  A  truer  republican  our  coun- 
try did  not  possess  ;  and  he  carried  with  him  in  his  diplomatic  career, 
and  in  his  residence  abroad,  the  dignity  and  the  simplicity  of  an  Ameri- 
can, never  ceasing  in  every  proper  and  courteous  way  to  commend  his 
country  and  his  country's  institutions  to  the  respect  of  the  European. 
He  spoke  and  wrote  the  Dutch  language  with  periect  purity  and  ele- 
gance ;  which,  united  to  his  engaging  manners  and  irresistible  dignity, 
procured  for  him.  on  retiring  from  his  mission  at  the  Hague,  an  official 
expression  of  regret  at  his  departure  from  the  Dutch  government,  a 
compliment  the  more  flattering  as  it  is  almost  without  a  precedent. 

The  Hon.  Harmanus  Bleecker  died  at  his  residence  on  the  corner  of 
Chapel  and  Steuben  streets,  on  the  19th  of  July,  at  the  age  of  seventy 
years.  The  ancient  house  in  which  he  was  born  on  the  19th  of  October, 
1779,  stood  upon  the  next  lot  south,  and  was  taken  down  a  few  years 
ago,  when  he  erected  the  block  which  now  occupies  ils  site.  He  was 
possessed  of  an  ample  fortune,  which  enabled  him  to  consult  his  taste 
in  the  occupation  of  his  time  during  the  latter  years  of  his  Hie,  a  privi- 
lege of  which  he  availed  himself  wisely. 

The  pedigree  of  his  branch  of  the  farrily  is  as  follows  : 

I.  JAN  JANSEN  BLEECKER,  a  native  of  Meppel,   in  the  province  of 
Overyssel,  Holland,  came  to  New-Amsterdam  in  1658,  and  subsequently 
settled  at  Albany.     He  was  one  of  the  first  aldermen    named   in  the 
charter  of  Albany,  1686  ;  was  recorder  from  1696  to  1699,  and  mayor  in 
1700.     Died  Nov    21,  1732,  aged  91.     In   1667  he  married  Margaret, 
daughter  of  Rutger  Jacob-en.     His  children  were  JOHANNES,  Rutger 
(recorder  1725,  mayor  1726  to  1723),   Nicholas,   Hendrick,   Catharine, 
Jane,  Margaret,  Rachel. 

II.  JOHANNES,  born  1668  ;  married  Anna  Koster  1693  ;  succeeded  his 
father  as  recorder  of  Albany  1700,  and  as  mayor  1701  ;  member  of  the 
general  assembly   1701  and   1702  ;  died   Dec   20,    1733,    aged   70.     His 
children  were,  Johannes,  Gertrude,   Nicholas,   Hendrick,  Margaretla, 
Anna,  JACOB,  Anthony. 

Ill  JACOB,  born  March  1,  1715;  married  Margaret  Ten  Eyck  ;  died 
1747,  leaving  one  son,  JACOB. 

IV.  JACOB,  born  July  22,  1747  ;  married  Elizabeth  Wendell  1776.  He 
left  two  sons,  Jacob  1.  (died  unmarried),  and  HARMANUS. 

V.  HARMANUS,  born  Oct.  9,  1779  ;  married  ISebastia  na  Cornelia  Mentz, 
daughier  of  Dirk  Aientz  and  Immelje  Keyser  of  Holland;  died,  July 
19,  1849,  without  iss   e. 

The  armorial  ensigns  of  the  family  are  thus  described  : 
Arms,  az.,  two  embattled  chevrons  or,  empaling,  arg.  a  rose  branch 
ppr.     Crest,  a  pi, aeon,  or. 


278  Vanderheyden  Palace. 


VANDERHEYDEN  PALACE. 
ERECTED,  1725;  DEMOLISHED,  1833. 

This  venerated  edifice  was  situated  in  North  Pearl  street,  the  second 
lot  below  the  corner  of  Maiden  lane,  on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the 
Baptist  church.  It  was  built  in  1725  by  Johannes  Beekman,  a  worthy 
burgher  of  the  day.  The  bricks  were  imported  from  Holland,  as  were 
those  of  many  of  the  houses  erected  at  that  time;  and  it  is  supposed  to 
have  been,  at  the  time  of  its  demolition,  one  of  the  best  specimens  of 
the  ancient  Dutch  architecture  remaining  in  the  state.  It  was  occupied 
by  Mr.  Beekman  as  his  family  residence  until  his  death  in  1756,  afler 
which  his  two  daughters  continued  to  reside  in  it  until  their  marriage, 
a  s  lort  time  previous  to  the  war  of  the  revolution.  The  eldest  connect- 
ed herself  with  a  gentleman  of  the  name  of  Bain,  belonging  to  the  Eng- 
lish army,  and  the  younge.it  to  Mr  John  McCrea.  The  former  moving 
shortly  afler  her  marriage  to  the  West  Indes,  McCrea  and  his  wife  con- 
tinued to  occupy  the  mansion  as  their  place  of  abode  until  after  the  war 
commenced,  when  they  removed  from  the  city,  and  the  house  was 
rented.  It  was  afterwards  occupied  by  Mr.  George  Merchant  as  an 
academy  ;  and  some  eminent  professional  men  are  still  left  to  relate 
the  interesting  events  of  many  happy  hours  they  spent  under  his  tuition. 
In  1778  the  mansion  was  purchased  by  Mr.  Jacob  Vanderheyden,  for 
the  consideration  of  £1153,  lawful  money  of  New  York  ($2-395,)  and  it 
was  from  this  gentleman  that  it  received  the  appellation  by  which  it 
has  since  been  familiarly  known,  that  of  the  Vanderheyden  Palace.  It 
continued  to  be  used  as  an  academy  until  the  great  fire  of  1797,  when 
the  dwelling  in  which  Mr.  Vanderheyden  Jived  being  consumed,  he  took 
up  his  residence  in  this  house,  and  continued  to  occupy  it  till  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  1820.  His  family  remained  there  but  a  few  years 
beyond  that  event,  afler  which  the  tenants  became  as  various  as  they 
were  numerous.  The  site  having  been  selected  by  the  Baptist  society 
for  the  location  of  a  neur  church,  this  venerable  edifice,  having  stood 
one  hundred  and  eight  years,  bowed  to  the  spirit  of  improvement.  Its 
dimensions  were  50  feet  front  by  20  in  depth,  having  a  hall  and  two 
rooms  on  a  floor.  Although  it  had  been  somewhat  modernized  inter- 
nally, the  massive  beams  and  braces  projecting  into  the  rooms,  the  an- 
cient waiiiscoting,  and  the  iron  tigureson  the  gable  ends,  involuntarily 
carried  the  mind  back  to  dwell  upon  the  days  of  old.  It  arrested  the 
antiquarian  fancy  of  Washington  Irving,  and  is  described  by  him  in 
the  story  of  Dolph  Heyliger,  in  Bracebndge  Hall,  as  the  residence  of 
Heer  Antony  Vanderheyden.  The  weatherfane,  a  horse  under  great 
stress  of  speed,  now  glitters  above  the  peaked  turret  of  the  porlal  at 
Sunny  Side,  Mr.  Irving  having  secured  that  relic  from  the  hands  of  the 
destroyer,  to  adorn  his  unique  country  seat. 

Of  the  gable  enJers  thai  graced  Pearl  street  in  the  palmy  days  of  the 
Vanderheyden  Palace,  when  the  street  was  yet  carpeted  with  verdure, 
instead  of  paving  stones,  but  two  remain  on  the  same  side  of  the  way, 
another  on  the  corner  of  Columbia,  and  one  on  the  corner  of  State  street, 
about  which  we  shall  have  occasion  to  speak  hereafter. 


280 


Wendell  House. 


THE  WENDELL  HOUSE, 
No.  98  STATE  STREET:  ERECTED  1716;  DEMOLISHED  1841. 

This  ancient  edifice  stood  on  the  south  side  of  State  street,  the  easterly 
line  being  a  lit'le  over  one  hundred  feel  west  of  the  westerly  line  of 
South  Pearl  street.  It  was  built  and  occupied  by  Harmanus  Wendell, 
in  the  year  1716,  as  was  indicated  by  the  iron  figures  upon  its  front, 
after  the  manner  of  the  day.  The  figures  are  barely  observable  in 
the  woodcut  on  close  inspection ;  the  engraver  not  havin?  given  them 
sufficient  prominence.  Mr.  Wendell  was  engaged  in  the  fur  trade,  and 
no  doubt  many  a  curious  and  characteristic  scene  of  Dutch  and  Indian 
traffic  was  carried  on  within  its  walls.  The  building  was  torn  down  on 
the  sixth  day  of  September,  1841,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  four 
story  brick  store  on  its  site,  by  Messrs.  John  V.  L.  Pruyn  and  Henry  H. 
Martin,  the  present  owners  of  the  property.  The  door  and  bow  win- 
dows in  the  first  story,  and  the  steps  in  front  exhibit  the  lower  portion 
of  the  building  in  its  original  situation,  as  ascertained  from  persons  who 


Wendell  House.  281 

occupied  it  long  since.  Some  years  before  its  demolition,  the  steps  were 
removed,  and  the  doors  and  windows  lengthened  so  as  to  conform  to  the 
level  of  the  street;  previously  to  which,  a  covered  passage  way  had 
been  constructed  for  the  side  entrance,  with  a  door  in  front,  which  was 
its  situation  when  it  was  taken  down.  The  Stevenson  House,  described 
on  a  subsequent  page,  and  razed  at  the  same  time,  adjoined  the  lot  on 
the  east,  with  the  passage  way  referred  to  between.  This  relic  of  the 
olden  time  had  become  so  dilapidated  by  its  great  age,  and  the  walls  so 
impaired  by  the  excavations  made  around  them,  as  to  render  its  removal 
necessary.  The  editor  of  the  Albany  drgus  alluded  to  the  subject  at 
the  time,  and  made  the  following  retrospective  observations  in  connection 
with  the  event  : 

"  What  changes  has  it  not  witnessed  in  its  life  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  years!  Then,  the  great  and  far  west,  save  the  French  posts 
at  Detroit,  Mtchilimackinac,  Chicago  and  Du  Quesne  (Pittsburgh),  the 
French  settlements  at  New  Orleans  and  at  Natchez,  and  a  few  scattered 
hamlets  or  posts  on  the  Ohio  and  Illinois,  was  inhabited  solely  by  the 
nations  and  tribes  of  Indians,  from  the  Six  Nations  of  our  own  colony 
and  region,  to  the  more  remote  Ottawas,  Wyandots,  Ottagamie?,  Hurons, 
Chippewas,  &c.  Only  thirty-five  years  before,  the  adventurous  La  Salle 
had  launched  the  first  vessel  on  the  great  lakes,  had  reached  the  Mis- 
sissippi, and  traced  it  to  its  mouth.  It  was  only  a  few  years  after  the 
first  great  council  of  all  the  distinguished  chiefs  of  the  various  tribes 
from  Quebec  to  the  Mississippi  had  been  convened  at  Montreal,  with 
barbaric  pornp  and  imposing  ceremonial,  and  the  power  of  New  France 
strengthened  by  new  alliances  with  the  natives.  It  was  fifteen  years 
after  the  expedition  under  M.  Cadillac  had  established  the  post  at  De- 
troit. It  was  only  three  years  after  the  chiefs  of  the  Ottawas,  having 
been  invited  to  Albany,  returned,  disaffected  to  the  French,  and  at  once 
commenced  the  siege  of  Detroit.  It  was  nearly  half  a  century  before 
the  English  conquest  of  New-France  and  the  Pontiac  war,  or  gigantic 
confederation  of  that  remarkable  chief.  The  principal  seats  of  the  fur 
trade  were  Michilimackinac,  Montreal  and  Albany;  and  the  traffic  be- 
tween the  two  latter  places  was  as  active  and  prosperous  as  it  could  be, 
in  the  hands  of  the  subjects  of  rival  powers. 

"The  city  (ancient  Beverwyck)  and  the  manorial  settlement,  including 
Fort  Orange,  were  little  else  than  a  fortified  village,  with  the  old  church 
at  the  foot  and  in  the  middle  of  State  street,  a  few  stores  and  trading 
places  in  Chapel  street  (then  Barrack  street),  and  scattered  residences 
on  the  margin  of  the  river  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Orange,  afterwards 
called  Court,  now  Market  street.  The  city  charter  had  then  been  granted 
about  thirty  years;  und  the  appearance  of  the  city  is  described  as  being 
that  of  a  small  town,  with  two  principal  streets  crossing  each  other,  in 
one  of  which  (State  street)  were  all  the  public  buildings,  viz.,  the  town- 
house,  two  churches  (English  and  Dutch),  guard-house,  market,  &c. 
There  were  three  docks:  Tower,  or  king's  dock,  middle  and  upper,  and 
vessels  were  unloaded  by  the  aid  of  canoes  lashed  together,  on  which  a 
platform  was  built  and  the  goods  placed.  The  population  may  have 
numbered  1000  :  it  was  3506  seventy-four  years  afterwards  (in  1790). 

"  In  the  progress  of  improvement,  these  two  buildings  are  soon  to  give 
place  to  a  spacious  structure,  for  stores,  public  rooms,  &c.  &c.  We 
confess  that  we  regret  the  disappearance  of  these  antique  remains  of  the 


2S2  United  States  Creditors. 

early  history  of  our  city.  Upon  the  demolition  of  the  ancient  tenemen 
of  the  fur  dealer,  which  will  quickly  follow  its  associate  at  the  cor.ne 
of  North  Pearl  and  Steuben  streets*,  not  more  than  one  of  that  age  wi! 
re  main  in  State  street,  and  scarcely  another  in  the  city  ;  although  a  fe\ 
in  North  Pearl  street  and  in  the  Colonie,  of  an  uncertain  age,  but  full  < 
century  in  years,  will  continue  to  present  their  eables  to  the  eyes  of  th 
curious.  We  regret  it,  because,  go  where  you  will  in  this  new  country 
you  see  only  the  impress  and  handiwork  of  the  present  age.  Even  ii 
places  the  earliest  settled  in  the  country — and  where  the  trace  and  fashioi 
of  its  dawn  exist  if  any  where — every  thing  ancient,  every  thing  vene 
rable,  every  memorial  of  other  times,  is  swept  away,  or  carefully  con 
cealed  under  modern  alterations  or  thick  strata  of  paint  and  whitewash 
as  if  it  were  a  sin  to  recal  old  things  and  scenes,  or  a  duty  to  dwell  cnl; 
among  the  very  latest  devices  of  the  architect  and  the  calculator  of  rent 
and  profits." 


MEETING  OF  UNITED  STATES  CREDITORS. 

On  the  30th  September,  1782,  a  meeting  of  the  creditors  of  the  Unite< 
States,  in  the  state  of  New  York,  was  held  in  the  City  Hall  in  Alban) 
Philip  Schuyler,  chairman;  the  object  of  which  was  to  lay  their  claim 
before  the  public,  in  an  address,  and  to  suggest  a  general  convention  o 
deputies  from  the  public  creditors  of  each  state,  to  devise  ways  am 
means  of  payment.  Philip  Schuyler,  Abraham  Ten  Broeck,  Leonan 
Gansevoort,  John  N.  Bleecker,  Robert  McClallen,  and  Lucas  Van  Vegh 
ten  were  appointed  to  receive  communications  and  correspond  with  othe. 
committees.  Alluding  to  the  successive  violations  of  the  public  engage 
ments,  and  a  recent  and  aggravating  one,  the  withholding  the  inleres 
hitherto  paid  by  bills  on  France,  upon  the  moneys  loaned  previous  t 
March  1st,  1778,  they  observe,  "  that  its  weight  is  most  oppressive!; 
felt  by  those  whose  zeal  in  the  cause,  and  confidence  in  their  countr; 
have  been  most  conspicuous  ;  who  in  limes  of  danger  have  demonstrate 
their  concern  for  the  common  safety,  by  voluntary  deposits,  in  some  in 
stances  of  the  whole,  in  others  of  a  large  part  of  their  fortunes,  in  th 
public  funds,  and  who  now,  many  of  them  at  least,  feel  themselve 
reduced  from  affluence  to  indigence,  from  circumstances  of  ease  an 
plenty  to  penury  and  unaffected  distress.  They  can  not  but  add  that  ther 
are  others,  not  less  meritorious,  who  have  experienced  perhaps  even  . 
worse  fate  ;  those  who  having  made  subsequent  loans,  have  long  sine 
seen  the  payment  of  interest  cease ;  nnd  those,  who,  when  the  distresse 
of  the  army  have  had  no  resource  but  in  the  patriotism  of  individual' 
have  cheerfully  parted  with  the  fruits  of  their  industry,  scarcely  reserv- 
ing a  sufficiency  for  the  subsistence  of  their  own  families,  without  an 
compensation  since,  besides  the  consciousness  of  having  been  the  bene 
factors  of  their  country." 

*  Now  occupied  by  the  stately  resilience  of  Dr.  Barent  P.  St.iats 


Si  even SOn 


THE  STEVENSON  HOUSE. 
ERECTED  1780;  DEMOLISHED  1841. 

The  above  engraving  will  be  recognized  by  many  as  an  old  acquain- 
tance. It  was  a  massy  and  spacious  edifice,  commenced  by  the  late  John 
Stevenson.  Esq.,  at  the  time  of  the  breaking  out  of  the  American  re- 
volution, and  finished  about  1730.  fifteen  years  after  the  completion  of 
the  present  Mansion  House  of  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer.  For  nearly  half 
a  century  it  was  the  mansion  of  the  Stevenson  family,  and  was  occupied 
by  Mr.  Van  Buren  during  the  period  he  held  the  office  of  governor  of 
this  stale.  It  was  afterwards  rented  as  a  hotel,  and  finally  became  the 
headquarters  or  committee  rooms  of  the  democratic  party  of  the  city, 
when  its  walls  resounded  to  the  eloquence  of  Counsellor  Gaffney,  and 
other  favorite  orators  of  the  day.  Its  architecture  was  of  a  style  that 
became  popular  at  a  period  subsequent  to  t!  at  of  the  erection  of  its 
neighbor  ;  a  few7  specimens  of  which  still  remain  in  different  parts  of  the 
city. 

It  wTas  in  the  adjoining  building,  on  the  left,  that  Mr.  James  Stevenson, 
commenced  the  practice  of  the  law,  and  that  Mr.  John  Lovett  had  his 
office  It  was  in  that  building  also  that  Mr.  Jacob  Green,  afterwards 
professor  of  chemistry  in  Jefferson  College,  Philadelphia,  for  some  time 
kept  a  bookstore  ;  and  it  was  in  this  bookstore  that  Mr.  John  T.  Norton, 
now  a  retired  merchant,  made  his  debut  in  Albany,  as  a  clerk. 


Survey  of  State  Street 

ALBANY, 

MADE  IN 

1792 

JOHN  BOGERT. 


L  o  d  g  e 


John  Green. 


John  Saunders.   ^ 


Rev.  T.  Ellison.  § 


RobtYatesEsq. 


JohnEaston. 


Jacob  Van  Ingen.  £ 


Bloomendall. 


H.  Wendell. 

S 

Roseboom.          7 

CT 

Abm.  Wendell.  7 

e 
Jolin  Stevenson.  £. 

Shephard.         ^ 

liHf 

Street. 


159  feet  wide. 


152  feet  wide. 


Street. 


Barrack  Street. 


PhilipS.  Van 
Rensselaer. 


Webster. 


o 

^    S.  Pruyn. 


^    Livingston. 


Elm 
Tree 


2     Pearl  Street. 

i 


State  Street  in  1792.  2S5 


STATE  STREET  IN  1792. 

In  connection  with  the  foregoing,  a  diagram  of  the  section  of  State 
street  lying  between  Pearl  and  Lodge  streets,  is  introduced.  The  original 
map  appears  to  have  been  made  from  actual  survey  by  John  Bogert,  in 
1792.  The  dimensions  of  the  lots  upon  State  street,  and  the  name  of 
the  owners  at  that  time,  are  given;  together  with  the  location  of  the 
Episcopal  Church  and  the  Fort,  edifices  which  disappeared  half  a  cen- 
tury ago. 

The  old  English  Church,  which  stood  in  the  centre  of  State  street 
opposite  Barrack,  now  Chapel  street,  was  erected  in  1715.  It  was  al- 
luded to  b)  Kalm  thirty-four  years  afterwards  as  being  built  of  stone, 
without  a  steeple,  and  standing  directly  under  the  Fort.  The  tower  on 
the  west  end  was  a  distinct  structure,  erected  after  1750.  The  bell  was 
cast  in  England,  and  is  still  used  in  St  Peter's  Church,  bearing  this  in- 
scription :  "St.  Peter's  Church  in  Albany,  1751  ;  J.  Ogilvie,  minister; 
J.  Stevenson,  E.  Collins,  wardens."  The  Rev.  Thomas  Ellison  was  the 
last  rector  who  officiated  in  the  old  church.  We  hope  to  have  it  in  our 
power  to  present  a  history  of  this  church  in  the  next  volume. 

On  the  northwest  corner  of  the  church,  and  directly  in  contact  with  it, 
stood  the  City  Fire  Engine  House.  The  engine  kept  within  it  was  the 
only  one  which  the  authorities  provided  for  the  protection  of  the  city 
against  fire.  It  is  represented  to  have  been  a  very  superior  machine, 
and  was  one  of  the  only  two  manufactured  by  the  elder  John  Mason,  a 
celebrated  machinist  of  Philadelphia  —  its  counterpart  was  for  a  long 
time  in  possession  of  the  Diligent  Fire  Company  of  that  city. 

As  we  contemplate  the  map,  and  reflect  upon  the  changes  which  have 
been  wrought  upon  the  owners  and  occupants  of  these  lots  during  the 
Jast  half  century,  a  melancholy  yet  agreeable  interest  is  awakened.  A 
multitude  of  thoughts  will  present  themselves  to  the  octogenarian,  skilled 
in  antique  lore  and  the  traditions  of  early  times,  of  scenes  that  will  remain 
unwritten.  Beginning  at  the  foot  of  the  map  on  the  south  side,  the 
name  of  Mr.  Lewis  marks  the  site  of  the  City  Tavern,  then,  and  until 
the  Tontine  was  opened  by  Matthew  Gregory,  the  great  house  of  the 
day.  It  was  removed  to  open  the  street,  which  was  a  narrow  arched 
passage  way  at  this  time,  having  a  gate  to  protect  the  entrance  into  the 
street  below,  known  as  Washington  street,  now  South  Pearl.  A  part  or 
the  whole  of  the  Shepard  lot  was  subsequently  taken  in  extending  the 
breadth  of  the  street. 

The  street  in  the  rear  of  the  lots  above  Pearl  street,  is  described  in  a 
Dutch  deed  of  1680,  given  by  Dr  Abram  Staats  to  the  Lutheran  Church, 
as  "  the  old  road  belonging  to  Mr.  Pretty,  Jacob  Sanders,  Johannes 
Wendell,  Myndert  Harmense,  and  Hendrick  Cuyler.  Mr.  Pretty  was 
the  first  sheriff  under  the  English  charter,  and  occupied  the  whole  or  a 
part  of  the  large  lot  afterwards  owned  by  Mr.  John  Stevenson. 
;  Of  the  Wendell  house  we  have  already  spoken.  In  the  rear  of  it  was 
the  printing  office  of  Solomon  South  wick,  where  the  Albany  Register  was 
issued,  and  the  state  printing  performed,  by  him,  and  is  still  standing. 


286  State  Street  in  1792. 

The  house  and  lot  designated  as  the  premises  of  Mr.  Roseboom,  were 
for  a  time  the  residence  of  Thomas  Shipboy,  another  eminent  merchant, 
who  died  in  the  year  1798.  The  old  edifice  is  concealed  behind  a  mo- 
dern front,  but  its  zuydelyk  aspect  indicates  its  origin  unmistakeably. 
Mr.  Shipboy  afterwards  occupied  the  house  No.  56  State  street,  sub 
sequently  the  store  of  the  late  Christian  Miller— the  strong  walls  of 
which  have  also  been  carried  up  so  as  to  present  the  appearance  of  a 
modern  structure. 

The  two  next  are  the  site  of  the  American  Hotel,  belonging  to  the 
descendants  of  the  late  William  James.  They  were  occupied  by  the  great 
printing  and  publishing  house  of  the  Hosfords,  which  went  down  in  1825. 

The  Van  Ingen  property  is  now  the  residence  of  Erastus  Corning,  Esq. 

The  next  belongs  to  the  estate  of  the  late  William  Gould,  who  ere -ted 
a  graceful  modern  edifice,  and  acquired  a  handsome  fortune  upon  the 
premises  as  a  law  bookseller. 

The  house  of  Judge  Yates  is  still  standing,  and  was  occupied  by  his 
son,  John  Van  Ness^Yates,  of  distinguished  memory,  until  his  death, 
which  occurre  1  a  few  years  ago. 

The  house  occupied  by  Mr.  Ellison  is  also  still  standing,  looking  * 
little  the  worse  for  its  age,  although  it  never  had  much  pretension  t| 
elegance.     It  is  now  the  properly  of  Philip  Wendell,  Esq.;  the  upp{ 
part  occupied  by  him  as  a  dwelling,  and  the  lower  part  has  long  be-1  . 
the  well  known  chair  factory  of  L.  McChesney. 

The  late  Killian  K.  Van  Rensselaer  married  a  descendant  of  Mr.  John 
Sanders,  of  Schenectady,  and  inherited  the  lot  which  bears  the  name  oj 
the  latter  on  the  map.  Mr.  Van  llensselaer  erected  a  large  dwelling! 
house  upon  the  premises,  in  which  he  resided  till  his  death  a  few  year? 
ago,  since  which  it  has  been  occupied  by  Mrs.  BrinckerhofF  as  a  ladies' 
boarding  school. 

A  large  wooden  building,  which  was  built  before  the  revolution,  and 
we  believe  for  a  time  used  as  a  tavern,  occupied  the  corn  r  of  John 
Green.  In  this  building  the  Albany  Academy  was  opened  in  1815.  It 
was  burnt  in  1S47;  when  a  substantial  brick  edifice  was  erected  upon 
its  site,  by  the  heirs  of  the  late  KiUian  K.  Van  Kensselaer;  to  whom  the 
property  belongs. 

The  position  of  the  Fort  is  believed  to  be  very  accurately  given.  The 
northeast  bastion  occupied  the  ground  where  the  Episcopal  Church  now 
stands.  Its  foundations  were  as  high  as  the  top  of  that  church.  It  was 
the  fourth  place  selected  for  a  fort,  and  was  first,  it  appears,  enclo-ed 
by  stockades  merely.  The  diagram  here  given  was  made  by  the  Rev. 
John  Miller,  a  chaplain  of  the  Enslish  army,  in  1695,  when  it  was  sur- 
rounded by  a  ditch.  It  is  purposed  at  a  future  day  to  give  a  view  of  the 
Fort  taken  at  a  subsequent  period,  when  it  had  undergone  important 
improvements,  and  to  prepare  as  full  a  history  of  it  as  it  may  be  possible 
to  gather  at  this  day. 


/-••'' 


H 


«4b  w/l 


State  Street  in  1792. 

West. 


2S7 


1.  Governor  of  Albany's  house. 

2.  Officers'  lodgings. 

3.  Soldiers'  lodgings. 

4.  Flag-staff  mount. 

5.  Magazine, 
fi.  Dial  mount. 
7.  Town  mount. 


East. 

8    Well. 

9.  Sentry  boxes. 

11.  Sallyport. 

12.  Ditch  fortified  with  stakes. 

13.  Gardens. 

14.  Stockade. 

15.  Fort  gate. 

The  square  in  the  occupation  of  William  Muir  was  long  since  divided 
up  for  residences  and  shops. 

The  house  of  the  worthy  old  mayor,  Philip  S.  Van  Rensselaer,  younger 
brother  of  the  patroon,  is  still  occupied  by  his  widow. 

The  next  three  lots  form  the  well-known  Webster  Corner.  After  the 
memorable  fire  of  1793,  in  which  the  printing  office  of  Mr.  Webster  was 
consumed,  he  took  the  white  house  on  the  Livingston  lot,  which  stands 
there  at  this  day.  The  two  lots  above  it  were  purchased  and  built  upon 
by  himself  and  brother  George,  where  they  resided  during  their  lives. 
The  corner  property  also  came  into  their  hands,  and  became  the  theatre 
of  a  very  extensive  printing  and  publishing  business.  In  the  palmy  days 
of  the  establishment,  it  was  customary  twice  a  week  to  load  with  school 
and  other  books  for  the  western  country,  one  of  those  old-fashioned  two- 
story  freight  wagons,  so  common  before  the  opening  of  the  canal.  There 
were  no  heresies  in  those  days  against  Webster's  Spelling  Book. 

Intimately  associated  with  the  reminiscences  of  this  corner,  is  the  elm 
tree  which  throws  its  rugged  arms  across  the  street,  and  enjoys  so  ex- 
traordinary a  degree  of  popular  favor,  as  to  defy  the  plodding  traffickers 
below,  whose  signs  are  obscured  by  its  foliage,  to  lop  a  limb  or  touch  a 
twig.  This  corner  was  the  property  of  Philip  Livingston,  one  of  the 
signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  who  was  born  in  Albany  in 
1716  ;  and  the  earliest  reminiscence  we  have  of  the  tree,  is  the  circum- 
stance of  his  having,  when  a  young  man,  rebuked  a  sailor,  whom  he 
observed  preparing  his  knife  to  cut  it  down,  then  a  mere  switch.  From 
this  datum  we  may  infer  that  the  elm  is  more  than  a  hundred  years  old. 

The  Lydius  Corner,  opposite,  was  occupied  at  the  time  of  the  survey 


288  A  Canadian  Invasion. 

by  a  very  eccentric  old  gentleman,  Balthazar  Lydius.  He  died  on  the 
17th  November,  1815,  aged  78,  and  was  the  last  male  descendant  of  his 
family,  which  was  ancient  and  respectable.  The  house  in  which  he  lived 
was  imported  from  Holland  :  bricks,  woodwork,  tiles,  and  ornamental 
irons,  with  which  it  was  profusely  adorned,  expressly  for  the  use  of  ihe 
Rev.  Gideon  Schaets,  who  arrived  in  1652.  The  materials  for  the  house 
arrived  simultaneously  with  the  old  bell  and  pulpit,  1657.  It  was  sup- 
posed to  be  the  oldest  brick  building  in  North  America  at  the  time  of  its 
removal  in  1832.  The  modern  Apothecaries  Hall  was  erected  by  Mr 
George  Dexter  upon  its  site. 


A  CANADIAN  INVASION. 

In  the  year  1687  the  French  in  Canada  made  preparations  to  invade 
the  Five  Nations  under  the  protection  of  New  York.  Information  was 
received  at  Albany  in  the  fall,  of  the  movements  of  the  enemy,  where- 
upon the  following  proceedings  were  had  in  council.  (See  Doc.  Hitt. 
N.  Y.,  p.  272.) 

Council  Held  at  ffort  James ;  ffriday  the  Ninth  of  September  1687. 
Present  His  Excv  the  Govern'  &.c. 

Inforrnacon  being  given  to  his  EXCY  and  some  of  the  Members  of 
ye  Board  that  ye  ffrench  at  Canada  are  providing  fifteen  hundred  pair 
of  Snowshews. 

Ordered  that  ye  Mayor  and  Magistrates  of  Albany  send  ord*s  to  the 
five  Nations  to  bring  Down  their  Wives  Children  and  old  men  least 
ye  ffrench  come  uppon  them  in  the  Winter  and  none  to  stay  in  the  Cas- 
tles but  ye  yong  men.  That  they  who  come  be  setled  some  at  Cats  Kill 
Levingstons  land  and  along  ye  River  where  they  can  find  Conveniency 
to  be  neer  us  to  assist  them  if  they  should  want  and  that  they  send 
Downe  with  them  all  ye  Indyan  Corne  that  can  be  spared  by  ye  Young 
Men  who  are  to  stay  in  ye  Castles. 

Councill  Held  at  ffort  James  :  Sonday  the  11^  of  Septembr  1687. 
Present  His  Excy  the  Govern1"  &c. 

Letters  from  Albany  giveins  account  that  the  people  there  are  in 
great  Consternation  thro  apprehension  that  ye  ffrench  will  come  down 
uppon  them  this  Winter. 

Resolved  that  Every  tenth  man  of  all  ye  Militia  troupes  &  Companys 
within  the  Province  Except,  those  who  were  out  ye  last  yeare  a  whaling 
be  Drawn  out  to  go  up  thither. 

Accordingly,  forces  were  sent  to  Albany,  and  Gov.  Dongan  came  up 
himself  to  assist  in  sustaining  the  Indians  against  their  enemies.  By 
the  report  of  Robert  Livingston,  made  to  the  Council,  April  30,  1688,  of 
his  disbursements  at  Albany,  for  the  maintenance  of  the  forces,  gifts 
and  presents  to  the  Indians;  and  relief  of  French  prisoners,  from 
August  11,  1687,  to  June  1,  1688,  amounted  to  £2067  6s.  4d.  It  ap- 
pears that  these  expenses  required  a  new  levy  of  £2556  4s.  to  be  made 
upon  all  the  inhabitants  and  free  holders  of  the  province,  of  which 
sum  the  proportion  allotted  to  the  city  and  county  of  Albany  was  £240 


A  Scene  of  the  Revolution  in  Albany.  289 

($570.)     The  pay  of  officers  and  soldiers  employed  in  the  service,  was 
as  follows  : 

The  Major  ten  Shillings  Curlt  Money  of  this  Province. 

per  diem.  per  diem. 


The  Capt«  of  horse  £0.10.0 

The  Lievt        d«  0.  7  0 
The  Cornett  ...        0.  6.0 

The  Quartermaster   -  -     0.  5.0 

The  Corporal!        -  -         0.  2.0 

The  Trumpiter           -  .     0.  2.0 

The  Troopers         .  -         0.  1.6 


The  Capt  offffoolt    -  -     £0.8.0 

The  Lievt      -         -  -            0.4.0 

The  Ensi.sne     -         -  -        0.3.0 

The  Sergeant         -  -           0.1.6 

The  Corporall  -         -  -        0.1.0 

The  Drumheater  -  -            0.1.0 
The  rest  of  the  private  men     0.0.8 


A  SCENE  OF  THE  REVOLUTION  IN  ALBANY. 

In  the  spring  of  1778;  we  went  down  to  Bethlehem  and  brought  home 
our  cattle  that  had  wintered  there.  As  we  were  driving  them  slowly 
back,  and  as  we  entered  Albany  on  our  return,  we  met  in  State  ;>treet 
a  procession  of  novel  character  moving  slowly  up  the  hill.  We  percei- 
ved seven  persons  dressed  in  white,  and  soon  learned  ihey  were  of  that 
unfortunate  class  of  disaffected  men,  who  to  bad  political  principles  had 
added  crimes  against  society,  which  even  a  state  of  war  would  not 
justify.  At  Schodack  they  had  distinguished  themselves  by  a  series  of 
desperate  acts  not  lobe  patiently  endured  by  the  community,  and  when 
they  were  taken  prisoners  their  fate  seemed  inevitable.  These  men 
had  been  confined  for  some  time  in  the  city  prison,  now  known  as  the 
Old  Museum,  and  had  once  made  their  escape,  but  only  to  enjoy  their 
liberty  for  a  few  hours.  Indeed  the  whole  city  was  under  arms  when 
we  saw  them  moving  to  the  fatal  spot  where  they  were  to  suiter.  The 
public  indignation  was  also  much  excited  by  their  conduct  in  prison, 
and  the  circumstances  attending  their  being  brought  to  suffer  the  sen- 
tence of  the  Jaw.  They  were  confined  in  the  right  hand  room  of  the 
lower  story  of  the  prison.  The  door  of  their  apaitment  swung  in  a 
place  cut  out  lower  than  the  level  of  the  floor.  When  the  sheriff  came 
to  take  them  out  he  found  the  door  barricaded.  He  procured  a  heavy 
piece  of  timber,  with  which  he  in  vain  endeavored  to  batter  down  the 
door,  although  he  was  assisted  in  the  operation  by  some  very  athletic 
and  willing  individuals.  During  the  attempt  the  voice  of  the  prisoners 
was  heard  threatening  death  to  those  who  persevered  in  the  attempt, 
with  the  assertion  that  they  had  laid  a  train  of  powder  to  blow  up 
themselves  and  their  assailants.  InJeed  it  was  well  asceitained  that  a 
quantity  of  powder  hai  passed  into  their  possession,  but  how,  could 
not  be  known. 

It  was  afterwards  found  placed  under  the  floor  an  1  arranged  to  pro- 
duce the  threatened  result.  The  sheriff  could  not  effect  his  entrance, 
while  a  crowd  of  gazers  looked  on  to  see  the  end  of  this  singular  con- 
test. Some  one  suggested  the  idea  of  getting  to  them  through  the  ceil- 
in2,  and  immediately  went  to  work  to  effect  a  passage  by  culling  a  hole 
through.  While  this  was  going  on  the  the  prisoners  renewed  Iheir 
threats,  with  vows  of  vengeance,  speedy,  awlul  and  certain.  The  as- 


290       Tory  Execution  Place — Gov.  Tryon  in  Albany. 

sailants  however  persevered  and  as  I  was  informed,  and  never  heard 
contradicted,  procured  a  fire-engine,  and  placed  it  so  as  to  introduce  the 
hose  suddenly  to  the  hole  in  the  ceiling,  and  at  a  signal  inundated  the 
room  beneath.  This  was  dexterously  performed.  The  powder  and 
its  train  were  in  an  instant  rendered  useless.  Still,  however  to  descend 
was  the  difficulty,  as  but  one  person  could  do  so  at  a  time.  The  dis- 
proportion of  physical  strength  that  apparently  awaited  the  first 
intruder,  prevent -d  for  some  time  any  further  attempt.  At  last  an 
Irishman,  by  the  name  of  McDole,  who  was  a  merchant,  exclaimed, 
"Give  me  an  Irishman's  gun,  and  I  will  go  first."  He  was  provided 
instantly  with  a  formidable  cudgel,  an  1  with  this  in  his  hand  he  de- 
scended, and  at  the  same  moment  in  which  he  struck  the  floor,  he 
levelled  the  prisoner  near  him,  and  continued  to  lay  about  him  valiantly 
until  the  room  was  filled  with  a  strong  party  of  citizens  who  came  to  his 
assistance  through  the  hole  in  the  ceiling.  After  a  hard  struggle  they 
were  secured,  and  the  door  which  had  been  barricaded  by  brick  taken 
from  the  fire-place  was  opened 

They  were  almost  immediately  taken  out  for  execution,  and  the 
mob  was  sufficiently  exasperated  to  have  instantly  taken  their  punish- 
ment into  their  own  hands.  The  prisoners  seemed  to  me  when  moving 
up  the  hill  to  wear  an  air  of  great  gloom  and  i'l  nature.  No  one  ap- 
peared to  pity  them,  and  their  own  hopes  of  being  released  by  some 
fortunate  circumstance,  as  by  the  intervention  of  the  enemy,  had  now 
vanished  for  ever. 

They  arrived  in  a  few  minutes  at  the  summit  of  the  hill,  near  or  at 
the  very  place  now  covered  with  new  and  elegant  edifices,  north  and 
east  of  the  Academy,  and  there  upon  one  gallows  of  rude  construction 
ended  they  their  miserable  lives  together. — Sexagenary. 


TORY  EXECUTION  PLACE. 

From  a  citizen  who  witnessed  these  scenes,  we  learn  that  the  powder 
house  in  the  time  of  the  revolution  was  at  a  little  distance  west  of  the 
Academy  Park.  In  front  of  it  was  a  ravine,  where  the  lories  were  hung 
and  buried.  The  ravine  ran  north  and  south.  They  were  stripped  of 
their  coats,  hats  and  shoes,  a  bandage  put  over  their  eyes,  in  which 
condition  they  were  executed,  and  buried  in  the  ravine. 


GOVERNOR  TRYON  IN  ALBANY. 

The  city  was  honored  by  a  visit  from  General  Tryon,  July  20th,  1772, 
on  which  occasion  a  public  dinner  was  given  him  by  the  mayor  and 
corporation  at  CartwrLht's  tavern;  and  on  the  following  day  he  gave 
an  elegant  entertainment  to  the  mayor  and  corporation,  the  clergy,  seve- 
ral gentlemen  of  the  law,  and  the  officers  of  the  militia.  On  the  24ih 
(Friday)  he  set  out  for  Schenectady,  accompanied  by  Sir  John  Johnston, 
and  several  gentlemen  and  ladies,  escorted  by  the  Albany  troop  of 
cavalry.  HeVas  received  there  by  his  majesty's  justices  of  the  peace, 
and  upwards  of  800  of  the  militia  of  that  township  under  arrrs. 


FIKST    PRESBYTERIAN    CHURCH, 

Corner  of  Hudson  MIX!  Philip  streets. 


290       Tory  Exec 

sailants  however  pe 
contradicted,  procu 
hose  suddenly  to  t' 
room  beneath, 
its  train  were  in 
was  (he  difficult 
proportion  of   ' 
intruder,  prevf 
Irishman,  by  ' 
"Give  me  ar 
instantly  wit 
scended,   an 
levelled  llu 

until  the  r 

assistant 
were  sec 

from  thf 
They 

mob  w 

ment 

up  tr 

peai 

fortun 

vanish*. 
They 

the  very  . 

east  of  the 

ended  the' 


Fro 
housf 
Acar 
and 
the 

CO 


First  Presbyterian  Church.  293 


FIRST  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH. 

The  new  edifice,  for  the  accommodation  of  this  large  and  increasing 
congregation  now  worshipping  in  the  church  corner  of  Beaver  and  South 
Pearl  streets,  under  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  J.  N.  Campbell, 
has  been  in  the  course  of  construction  about  two  years.  It  is  the  third 
house  built  for  the  use  of  this  society,  the  first  two  having  been  alluded 
to  at  pp.  130  -  132.  The  engraving  opposite,  by  Mr.  R.  H.  Pease,  is  a 
faithful  representation  of  the  edifice,  which  is  the  noblest  specimen  of 
church  architecture  in  the  city,  as  yet  completed. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  its  principal  artificers: 

H.  RECTOR,  Architect. 

JOSHUA  R.  HAYES,  Mason. 

ALEXANDER  GRAY,  Stonecutter. 

JAMES  DENNISON  &  Co.,  Carpenters. 

BOYD  &  MCDONALD  executed  the  mastic  on  the  exterior,  the  plaster, 
stucco  and  fresco  work  of  the  interior. 

The  workmanship,  throughout,  could  scarcely  be  surpassed  in  ele- 
gance and  stability. 

The  entire  building  occupies  an  area  of  about  one  hundred  and  twenty 
by  seventy-five  feet ;  and  for  the  convenience  of  this  brief  description, 
the  building  may  be  arranged  under  three  general  divisions :  the  tower, 
occupying  the  east  end;  the  centre,  or  main  body  of  the  building;  and 
the  projection  at  the  west  end. 

The  tower  is  twenty-six  feet  square,  and  one  hundred  and  fifty-six 
high  :  its  external  ornaments  consisting  of  four  octagonal  turrets —  one 
at  each  corner,  terminating  in  pinnacles;  two  belt  mouldings;  three 
clock  faces;  panelled  belt;  five  windows;  the  entrance  doors,  and  the 
parapet. 

The  body  of  the  building  is  ninety-seven  by  seventy-five  feet,  and 
forty-four  feet  to  the  top  of  the  parapets;  and  relieved  externally  with 
eighteen  buttresses,  four  turrets,  and  perl'orated  for  twelve  windows. 

The  projection  at  the  west  end  is  about  thirty  by  seven  feet,  and  con- 
tains two  an«le  buttresses,  cornice  and  parapet. 

The  turrets  and  buttresses  present  their  usual  display  of  corbels,  pe- 
diment mouldings,  crocketed  angles,  and  terminating  finials  to  their  re- 
spective  pinnacles  ;  the  belt  and  cave  cornices  are  well  formed  and  ju- 
diciously arranged  ;  the  paneled  course  is  filled  with  tracery;  the  clock 
faces  furnished  with  architrave  mouldings,  crocketed  bands,  and  ter- 
minating finials;  the  tower  windows  furnished  with  corbels,  crocketed 
heads,  and  finials;  and  the  principal  entrance  door  has  recessed  jambs, 
columns,  head  moulding,  tracery,  cornice,  tudor  leaf  parapet,  side  but- 
tresses, and  side  and  center  pinnacles.  The  parapets  to  the  main  body 
of  the  building,  and  to  the  projection  at  the  west  end,  are  plain  ;  that 
to  the  tower,  open,  and  somewhat  ornamented.  The  windows  have 
double  mullions,  transoms,  tracery  heads,  and  are  glazed  with  colored 
and  figured  glass  manufactured  for  the  express  purpose.  The  facing  to 
foundations,  the  steps,  window  heads,  dressings,  and  all  external  orna- 
ments are  of  cut  stone  ;  the  other  portions  masticated  to  imitate  stone. 

The  principal  entrance  is  into  the  east  side  of  the  lower.     The  tower 

26 


294  First  Presbyterian  Church. 

contains  the  inner  porch,  the  screen  doors,  and  the  organ  and  bell  lofts; 
also  the  apartment  designed  for  the  clock.  The  entrance  to  the  organ, 
and  to  the  choir  gallery,  is  also  through  a  portion  of  the  tower ;  and  the 
west  side  of  the  tower  is  perforated  and  arched,  in  order  to  present  a 
full  view  of  the  organ.  The  screen  wall,  dividing  ihe  hall  and  lobbies 
from  the  nave  and  aisles,  is  perforated  for  three  doors  corresponding 
with  the  inner  passages  along  the  several  ranges  of  pews,  and  also  for 
two  doors  leading  to  the  galleries.  Between  the  front  and  screen  walls 
is  a  transverse  hall  which  contains  the  staircases,  all  conveniently  ar- 
ranged to  give  easy  access  to  the  different  portions  of  the  building.  The 
area  west  of  the  screen  wall,  about  seventy-seven  by  sixty-four  feet,  is 
divided  by  two  ranges  of  columns  into  nave  and  side  aisles  :  the  columns 
form  the  support  of  the  two  ranges  of  galleries, and  of  the  spandrels  of 
the  groined  ceiling;  the  centre  poriion,  or  nave,  terminating  at  its  west 
end  in  the  recess  containing  the  pulpit>  steps,  and  private  entrance;  and 
at  the  east  end,  in  the  organ  loft  and  gallery  for  the  choir. 

The  main  ceiling  is  formed  into  three  general  divisions,  corresponding 
with  the  nave  and  side  aisles,  by  groined  arches  ornamented  with  ribs, 
bosses,  and  the  usual  display  of  ornament,  and  laid  off  to  represent  blocks 
of  cut  stone  masonry,  and  frescoed  :  the  ribs  desceiid  along  the  different 
curves  of  the  arches,  and  rest  in  a  cluster  of  mouldings  upon  the  or- 
namented caps  of  the  columns,  and  upon  ornamented  corbels  along  the 
walls.  The  ceilings  of  the  galleries,  and  also  those  of  the  porch  and 
hall,  are  ornamented  with  spandrels,  resting  upon  corbels,  and  the  angles 
filled  with  tracery.  In  each  panel  of  the  galleries,  between  the  columns, 
are  presented  five  arches  resting  upon  corbels;  end  from  each  corbel 
rises  a  pinnacle,  the  arches  and  pinnacles  ornamented  with  crockets  and 
finials,  and  terminate  below  the  gallery  cornice  :  the  unoccupied  spaces 
are  filled  with  tracery  paneling.  The  gallery  for  the  choir  is  finished 
similar  to  the  others,  except  that  the  main  divisions  and  angles  are 
formed  by  projecting  octagonal  paneling,  in  form  of  turrets,  and  the 
tracery  within  the  arches  perforated  quite  through. 

Within  the  projection  at  the  west  end  is  formed  the  recess  which 
terminates  the  west  end  of  the  nave,  the  floor  of  the  recess  forming  the 
area  occupied  by  the  pulpit  and  steps.  The  recess  is  ornamented  with 
columns,  panels  and  tracery,  and  a  blank  window  finishes  its  center  ;  the 
window  presenting  all  the  variety  of  mullions,  tracery,  transom  crowned 
with  tudor  leaf,  usual  in  ornamental  windows.  In  one  side  of  the  recess 
is  a  private  entrance,  with  a  corresponding  blank  door  at  the  opposite 
side,  the  arches  of  both  finished  with  crockets  and  finials.  The  pulpit  is 
not  in  a  sufficient  state  of  forwardness  to  admit  of  a  particular  descrip- 
tion, but  will  doubtless  be  in  character  with  the  other  portions  of  the 
building. 

The  main  floor  is  intended  to  contain  one  hundred  and  fi'ty-eight  pews, 
and  the  gallery  forty-two.  The  choir  will  be  of  sufficient  size  to  ac- 
commodate thirty  persons.  About  twelve  hundred  persons  can  be  ac- 
commodated in  pews,  gallery  and  choir,  if  required.  The  building  is  in- 
tended to  be  warmed  by  means  of  two  furnaces  located  in  the  baesment. 

This  church  edifice,  though  entirely  divested  of  the  transepts,  clere- 
story, hish  ceilins.  and  lofty  spires  which  characterize  the  cathedral 
form  of  church  edifices,  will  be  found  nevertheless,  upon  careful  inspec- 
tion, to  present,  in  both  general  design  and  in  detail,  objects  worthy  the 
attention  of  the  amateur  and  lover  of  the  mechanic  arts. 


Births,  Marriages  and  Deaths  in  1848.  295 

The  lot  on  which  this  edifice  is  erected  is  on  Hudson  street,  150  feet 
in  length,  and  on  Philip  street,  on  which  it  fronts,  about  148  feet  in 
breadth,  enclosed  by  an  iron  fence  of  gothic  structure.  The  organ, 
which  is  already  put  up,  and  is  a  full  organ  with  three  banks  of  keys, 
was  made  by  Messrs.  Appleton  and  Warren  of  Boston.  The  supposed 
cost  of  the  whole  structure  will  be  nearly  seventy  thousand  dollars. 


BIRTHS,  MARRIAGES  AND  DEATHS,  1848. 

Abstract  made  from  the  returns  of  marriages,  births  and  deaths,  which. 

took  place  in  the  city  of  Albany  during  the  year  1848: — 

Marriages. — Whole  number  of  marriages  returned,  629;  do  in  which 
both  parties  resided  in  the  city,  226  ;  do  one  of  the  parties,  298  ;  do  both 
parties  resided  out  of  the  city,  105 ;  do  the  parties  resided  in  MassachU' 
setts,  29;  Connecticut,  5  ;  Rhode  Island,  2;  and  other  States,  6. 

The  marriages  took  place  in  the  several  months  as  follows:  January 
34,  February  33,  March  21,  April  45.  May  57,  June  47,  July  51,  Au- 
gust 61,  September  73,  October  80,  November  63,  December  59- 

Married  in  St  John's  church,  104  j  do  St.  Joseph's,  71  j  do  St. Mary's, 
69:  total,  244. 

Births. — Whole  number  of  births  returned.  1325 ;  males  448,  females 
350,  sex  not  stated  502  ;  males  (colored)  9,  females  do  9,  sex  not  slated 
do  7  •  44  twin  children,  of  which  22  are  males  and  10  females,  and  12 
the  sex  not  given. 

The  births  occurred  in  the  several  months  as  follows  :  January  97, 
February  70,  March  108,  April  85,  May  92,  June  87,  July  117,  August 
120,  September  103,  October  116,  November  9S,  December  130,  un- 
known 102. 

Deaths  — The  number  of  deaths  returned  for  1848  is  1218  ;  males  645, 
females  488,  males  (colored)  2,  do  females  3,  sex  not  stated  80,  mar- 
ried 206,  unmarried  726,  not  stated  2^6,  native  born  815,  foreigners  403- 

Deaths  in  the  several  months  as  follows:  January  126,  February  99, 
March  121,  April  89,  May  90,  June  72,  July  136.  August  145,  Septem- 
ber  104,  October  91,  November  69,  December  76  ;  total,  1218. 

Number  of  those  who  died  under  the  age  of  one  year  is  232  ;  over  1 


year  and  under  5,  319 

over  5  and  under  10,  66 

—  10  —         15,  31 

—  15  —         20,  27 

—  20  —         25,  62 

—  25  —         30,  59 

—  30  —          35,  59 

—  35  —         40,  60 

—  40  _         45,  51 

—  45  —         50,  38 


over  50  and  under  55,  40 

—  55  —  60,  23  j 
_60  —  65,  26  ; 

—  65  —  70,  17  ; 

—  70  —  75,  19  j 
_75  —  80,  9 ; 

—  80  —  85,  14  ; 

—  $5  —  90,  7 ; 
_  90  _  95,  3  ; 

95  —  100,  1  ; 


age  not  given,     55. 

•Average  age  of  the  persons  dying,  20  years  and  20  days. 

Diseases — 151  died  of  consumption,  59  of  diarrhoea,  29  of  congestion 
of  the  brain,  26  of  croup,  24  by  accident,  20  of  scarlet  fever,  21  of 
teething,  13  of  typhus  fever,  13  of  whooping  cough,  252  other  diseases, 
601  disease  not  staled. 


State  Normal  School.  297 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL. 
In  1S48  the  legislature  passed  an  act  for  the  permanent  establishment 
of  this  school,  and  appropriated  $15.000  for  the  erection  of  a  suitable 
building  for  its  purposes,  and  in  the  following  year  an  additional  ap- 
propriation of  $10;000  was  made  for  its  completion  (p.  84,  85  ante). 
The  edifice  was  finished  in  July  1849,  and  on  the  31st  day  of  that 
month  the  school  was  removed  into  it.  It  contains,  besides  the  neces- 
sary study  and  recitation  rooms,  a  dwelling  for  the  principal,  and  is 
supposed  to  be  amply  commodious  for  all  the  purposes  of  the  Institution. 
At  the  annual  exercises  of  the  institution,  S.  S.  Randall,  Esq.  gave  the 
following  account  of  the  origin  and  progress  of  the  school,  in  the  course 
of  his  remarks  on  the  occasion. 

For  several  years  prior  to  1844,  the  attention  of  the  friends  of  com- 
mon  school  education  in  this  state  had  been  strongly  directed  to  the  in- 
adequacy of  the  existing  agencies  for  the  preparation  of  duly  qualified 
teachers  for  our  elementary  institutions  of  learning.  Liberal  endow- 
ments had,  from  tim2  to  time,  during  a  long  series  of  years,  been  be- 
stowed  upon  the  academies  in  different  sections  of  the  state,  with  a 
view  to  the  attainment  of  this  object ;  but  the  practical  inability  of  these 
institutions  to  supply  the  demand  thus  made  upon  them,  with  all  the 
resources  at  their  command,  soon  became  obvious  and  undeniable.  The 
establishment  of  normal  schools  for  this  special  and  exclusive  purpose 
in  various  portions  of  Europe  where  popular  education  was  most  flour- 
ishing ;  and  in  the  adjoining  state  of  Massachusetts,  long  and  honorably 
distinguished  for  her  superior  public  and  private  schools — and  the 
manifest  tendency  of  these  institutions  to  elevate  and  improve  the  quali- 
fications and  character  of  teachers,  had  begun  to  attract  the  regard  of 
many  of  our  most  distinguished  statesmen. 

On  a  winter's  afternoon,  early  in  the  year  1844,  in  a  retired  apart- 
ment of  one  of  the  public  buildings  in  this  city,  might  have  been  seen, 
in  earnest  and  prolonged  consultation,  several  eminent  individuals  whose 
names  and  services  in  the  cause  of  education  are  now  universally  ac- 
knowledged. The  elder  of  them  was  a  man  of  striking  and  venerable 
appearance-— of  commanding  intellect  and  benignant  mien.  By  his  side 
sat  one  in  the  prime  and  vigor  of  manhood,  whose  mental  faculties  had 
long  been  disciplined  in  the  school  of  virtuous  activity;  and  in  every 
lineament  of  whose  countenance  appeared  that  resolute  determination 
and  moral  power,  which  seldom  fails  to  exert  a  wide  influence  upon  the 
opinions  and  actions  of  men.  The  third  in  the  group  was  a  young  man 
of  slight  frame  and  pale,  thoughtful  visage;  upon  whose  delicate  and 
slender  form  premature  debility  had  palpably  set  its  seal  ;  yet  whose 
opinions  seemed  to  be  listened  to  by  his  associates,  with  the  utmost  de- 
ference and  regard.  The  remaining  figure  was  that  of  a  well  known 
scholar  and  divine,  whose  potent  and  beneficent  influence  had  long  heen 
felt  in  every  department  of  the  cause  of  popular  education  ;  and  whose 
energy,  activity  and  zeal  had  already  accomplished  many  salutary  and 


298  State  Normal  School. 

much  needed  reforms  in  our  system  of  public  instruction.  The  subject 
of  their  consultation  was  the  expediency  and  practicability  of  incorpo- 
rating upon  me  common  school  system  of  this  state  an  efficient  instru- 
mentality for  the  education  of  teai-hers.  The  utility  of  such  a  measure 
and  ils  importance  to  the  present  and  prospective  interests  of  education, 
admitted  in  the  minds  of  these  distinguished  nun,  of  no  doubt.  The 
sole  question  was  whether  the  public  mind  was  sufficiently  prepared 
for  its  reception  and  adoption  ;  whether  an  innovation  so  great  and 
striking,  and  involving  as  it  necessarily  must,  a  heavy  and  continued 
expenditure  of  the  public  money,  might  not  be  strenuously  and  success- 
fully  resisted  ;  and  whether  a  premaiure  and  unsuccessful  attempt  then 
to  carry  into  execution  a  measure  of  such  vital  importance,  might  not 
be  attended  with  a  disastrous  influence  upon  the  future  prospects  of  the 
cause  of  education.  These  considerations,  after  being  duly  weighed, 
were  unanimously  set  aside  by  the  intrepid  spirits  then  in  council  ;  and 
it  was  determined  that,  backed  by  the  strong  and  decided  recommenda- 
tion of  the  head  of  ihe  common  school  department,  immediate  measures 
should  be  forthwith  adopted  for  the  establishment  of  a  STATE  NORMAL 
SCHOOL.  The  men  who  thus  gave  the  first  decided  impetus  to  the  great 
enterprise,  whose  ^ratifying  results  are  now  before  us,  were  SAMUEL 
YOUNG,  CALVIN  T.  HULBURD,  FRANCIS  DWIGHT  and  ALONZO  POTTER. 

Mr.  Hulburd,  the  able  and  enlightened  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
colleges,  academies  and  common  schools  of  the  assembly,  visited  the 
normal  schools  of  Massachusetts,  and  after  a  thorough  examination  of 
their  merits  and  practical  operations,  submitted  an  elaborate  and  eloquent 
report  to  the  house,  in  favor  of  the  immediate  adoption  of  this  principle 
in  our  system  of  public  instruction.  The  bill  introduced  by  him,  and 
sustained  in  all  its  stages  by  his  powerful  influence  and  indefatigable  ex- 
ertions, and  the  cooperation  of  the  most  zealous  friends  of  education 
throughout  the  state,  became  a  law,  and  appropriated  the  sum  of  $10,000 
annually  for  five  successive  years,  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  and 
maintaining  a  state  normal  school  in  this  city.  The  general  control  of 
the  institution  was  committed  to  the  regents  of  the  university,  by  whom 
an  executive  committee,  consisting  of  five  persons,  one  of  whom  was  to 
be  the  superintendent  of  common  schools,  was  to  be  appointed,  upon 
whom  the  direct  management,  discipline  and  course  of  instruction  of  the 
school  should  devolve. 

In  pursuance  of  this  provision,  the  board  of  regents  in  June,  1846, 
appointed  a  committee,  comprising  the  Hon.  SAMUEL  YOUNG  then  su- 
perintendent of  common  schools,  the  Rev.  ALOKZO  POTTER,  Rev.  WIL- 
LIAM H  CAMPBELL,  Hon.  GIDEON  HAWLEY.  and  FRANCIS  DWIGHT.  Esq. 
This  committee  forthwith  entered  upon  the  execution  of  their  responsi- 
ble duties;  procured  on  very  liberal  and  favorable  terms  from  the  city 
of  Albany  the  lease  for  five  years  of  the  spacious  building  in  State  street 
recently  occupied  by  the  Institution  ;  prescribed  the  necessary  rules  and 
regulations  for  the  instruction,  government  and  discipline  of  the  school, 
the  course  of  study  to  be  pursued,  the  apportionment  and  selection  of  the 
pupils.  &c.,  and  procured  the  services  of  the  late  lamented  and  distin- 
guished principal,  then  of  Newburyporl,  Massachusetts,  tog°llur  with 
his  colleague,  the  present  principal,  as  teachers.  On  Ihe  18th  day  of 
December,  1844,  the  school  was  opened  in  the  presence  of  a  large  con- 
course of  citizens  and  strangers,  by  an  eloquent  address  from  Col. 


fc   A 

State  Normal  School.  2§9 

' 

YOUNG,  and  by  other  appropriate  and  suitable  exercises.  Twenty-nine 
pupils,  thirteen  males  and  sixteen  females,  representing  fourteen  coun- 
ties only,  of  botli  sexes,  were  in  attendance,  who  alter  listening  to  a 
brief  but  clear  and  explicit  declaration  from  Mr.  PAGE,  of  his  objects, 
views  and  wishes  in  the  management  and  direction  of  the  high  duties 
devolved  upon  him,  entered  at  once  upon  the  course  of  studies  pi  escribed 
for  the  school.  Before  the  close  of  the  first  term  on  the  llth  of  March, 
1844,  the  number  of  pupils  had  increased  to  98,  comprising  about  an 
equal  number  of  each  sex,  and  lepresenting  forty  of  the  fifty-nine  coun- 
ties of  the  state.  During  this  term  the  musical  department  of  the  school 
was  placed  under  the  charge  of  Prof.  ILSLEY  of  this  city,  and  instruction 
in  drawing  was  imparted  by  Prof.  J.  B.  HOWARD. 

On  the  commencement  of  the  second  term,  on  the  9th  of  April,  1845, 
170  pupils  were  in  attendance,  comprising  a  nearly  equal  proportion  of 
males  and  females,  and  representing  every  county  in  the  state,  with  a 
single  exception.  Of  these  pupils,  about  nine  tenths  had  b<  en  previ- 
ously engaged  in  teaching  during  a  longer  or  shorter  period.  The  term 
closed  on  the  27th  of  August  with  a  public  examination  and  other  suit- 
able exercises,  and  thirty-four  of  the  students  received  the  certificate  of 
the  executive  committee  and  board  of  instruction,  as  in  their  judgment 
well  qualified  in  all  essential  respects,  to  teach  any  of  the  common 
schools  of  the  state. 

On  the  15th  of  October  succeeding,  the  school  reopened  with  180 
pupils,  which  was  increased  during  theproaress  of  the  term  to  198,  from 
every  county  of  the  state  but  one.  The  death  of  Mr.  DWIGHT,  which 
took  place  on  the  15th  of  December,  and  the  transfer  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
POTTER  to  the  episcopal  diocese  of  Pennsylvania,  created  vacancies  in 
the  executive  committee,  which  were  supplied  by  the  appointment  of 
the  Hon.  HARMANUS  BLEECKER  and  the  Hon.  SAMUEL  YOUNG,  the  latter 
gentleman  having  been  succeeded  in  the  office  of  superintendent  of  com- 
mon schools  by  the  Hon.  N.  S.  BENTON  of  Herkimer.  The  sudden  death 
of  Mr.  Dwight,  who  had  taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  prosperity  and 
success  cf  the  institution,  and  had  given  to  its  minutest  details  the  be- 
nefit of  his  personal  supervision  and  constant  attention,  cast  a  deep 
gloom  upon  the  inmates  ;  and  the  peculiar  circumstances  under  which 
it  took  place  were  strikingly  indicative  of  the  vain  and  illusory  nature 
of  all  human  expectations.  For  several  weeks  previous  to  his  death, 
Mr.  Dwisht  had  manifested  much  interest  in  devising  appropriate  means 
for  the  celebration  of  the  anniversary  of  the  opening  of  the  school,  on 
the  18th  of  December.  Alas!  how  little  could  he  imagine  that  the  long 
line  of  normal  pupils,  with  the  children  of  the  various  public  schools  of 
the  city,  to  whom  he  had  been  a  signal  benefactor,  and  hundreds  of  his 
fellow-citizens  should,  on  that  day,  follow  his  lifeless  remains  to  their 
Jons:  home! 

At  the  close  of  the  third  term,  March  18,  1846,  a  public  examination 
was  held  which  continued  during  four  successive  days,  and  convinced 
all  who  felt  an  interest  in  the  institution,  that  the  work  of  preparation 
for  the  teacher's  life  was,  in  all  respects,  thorough  and  complete.  The 
diploma  of  the  institution  was  conferred  on  47  graduates. 

During  this  and  the  preceding  term  a  valuable  addition  had  been  made 
to  the  board  of  instruction,  by  promoting  to  the  charge  of  several  of  the 
principal  departments,  those  graduates  of  the  institution  who  now  so 


300  Slate  Normal  School. 

ably  and  successfully  preside  over  these  departments  The  experimental 
school,  organized  at  the  commencement  of  the  second  term,  was  placed 
under  the  general  supervision  of  its  present  teacher,  and  has  proved  an 
exceedingly  valuable  auxiliary  in  the  practical  preparation  of  the  pupils 
of  the  principal  school,  for  the  discharge  of  their  duty  as  teachers. 

Two  hundred  and  five  pupils  were  in  attendance  at  the  commence- 
ment of  ihe  fourth  term,  on  the  first  Monday  of  May,  1846,  of  whom  63 
received  a  diploma  at  its  close  in  September  following.  During  the 
fifth  term,  commencing  on  the  21  of  November,  178  pupils  only  ap- 
peared, 46  or'  whom  graduated  in  March  1847.  At  the  commencement 
however  of  the  sixth  term  in  May,  subsequently,  221  pupils  were  in 
attendance,  of  whom  64  received  the  diploma  of  the  institution  in  Sep- 
tember; and  at  the  reopening  of  the  school  in  November,  205  appeared. 
Up  to  this  period  the  number  of  names  entered  on  the  register  of  the 
school  as  pupils,  including  those  in  attendance  at  the  commencement  of 
the  seventh  term  was  737.  Of  these  254  had  received  their  diploma  as 
graduates,  of  which  number  222  were  actually  engaged  in  teaching  in 
the  common  schools  of  the  state;  and  the  residue,  with  few  exceptions, 
in  the  different  academies  or  private  schools.  Of  those  who  had  left 
the  school  without  graduating,  nearly  all  were  engaged  during  a  longer 
or  shorter  period  in  leaching  in  the  several  schools. 

And  now  came  that  dark  and  gloomy  period  when  the  hitherto  brilliant 
prospects  of  the  institution  were  overcast  with  deep  clouds  of  melancholy 
and  despondency — when  that  noble  form  and  towering  intellect  which, 
from  the  commencement  of  the  great  experiment  in  progress,  had  assid- 
uously presided  over  and  watched  its  developement,  was  suddenly 
struck  down  by  the  relentless  hand  of  the  great  destroyer — when  the  be- 
reaved and  stricken  flock,  deprived  of  their  revered  and  beloved  guide, 
teacher,  friend,  mournfully  assembled  in  their  accustomed  halls  on  that 
dreary  and  desolate  January  day,  at  the  commencement  of  the  year  184S, 
to  pay  the  last  sad  obsequies  to  the  remains  of  their  departed  principal. 
In  the  prime  and  vigor  of  his  high  faculties — in  the  meridian  brightness 
of  hi?  lofty  and  noble  career — in  the  maturity  of  his  well  earned  fame  as 
"  first  among  the  foremost"  of  the  teachers  of  America,  he  passed  a  way 
from  among  us,  and  sought  his  eternal  reward  in  that  belter  land  where 
the  ills  and  the  obstructions  of  mortality  are  forever  unknown  ;  where 
the  emancipated  spirit,  freed  from  the  clogs  which  here  fetter  its  higher 
action  and  retard  its  noblest  development,  expands  its  illimitable  ener- 
gies in  the  congenial  atmosphere  of  infinite  knowledge  and  infinite  love. 
It  is  not  for  me,  on  the  present  occasion  to  pronounce  his  eulogy, 
although  I  knew  and  loved  him  well.  That  has  already  been  done  by 
an  abler  hand,  and  it  only  remains  to  say  that  the  impress  which  his 
masterly  and  well  trained  mind  left  upon  this  institution,  the  child  of  his 
most  sanguine  hopes  and  earnest  efforts,  and  upon  the  interests  of  edu- 
cation generally  throughout  the  state,  of  which  he  was  the  indefatigable 
promoter,  has  been  of  the  most  marked  character,  and  will  long  conse- 
crate his  name  and  memory. 

Since  this  p-riod  the  progress  of  the  institution  under  the  auspices  of 
its  present  enlightened  principal,  and  his  devoted  corps  of  assistants  has 
been  uniformly  onward  and  upward.  At  the  close  of  the  seventh  term 
50  pupils  were  graduated,  and  the  eighth  term  onened  with  208,  of  whom 
46  received  their  diploma  at  its  close.  The  ninth  term  opened  on  the 


State  Normal  School.  301 


first  day  of  November  last  with  175  pupils,  and  at  its  close  43  were 
graduated,  and  the  tenth  term  which  has  now  just  closed,  opened  with 
upwards  of  200  pupils,  of  whom  36  are  now  about  to  graduate. 

During  the  session  of  the  legislature  of  '48,  a  bill  was  introduced  in 
the  senate  providing  the  requisite  funds  for  the  erection  of  a  new  and 
suitable  building  in  the  city  of  Albany,  for  the  permanent  use  of  the 
Normal  School,  and  rendering  the  annual  appropriation  for  its  support 
permanent.  Through  the  active  and  unremitted  exertions  of  the  present 
principal  this  bill  became  a  law,  and  under  its  provisions  the  noble  and 
spacious  edifice  in  which  we  are  now  assembled  has  been  erected.  A 
few  weeks  only  have  elapsed  since  the  school  was  transferred  to  its  new 
location  ;  and  notwithstanding  the  prevalence  of  a  most  gloomy  and 
unhealthy  season,  the  attendance  of  nearly  200  pupils  of  both  sexes, 
upon  the  regular  exercises  of  the  institution,  during  the  whole  of  the 
term  now  about  to  close,  indicates  the  firm  hold  which  it  possesses  upon 
the  affections  and  regard  of  its  inmates.  Through  the  merciful  permis- 
sion of  a  superintending  power,  one  only  of  the  pupils  of  the  school  has 
fallen  before  the  devastating  pestilence  which  has  swept  over  our  land. 
And  while  we  bow  in  humble  submission  to  the  stroke  which  thus 
solemnly  reminded  us  of  our  habitual  dependence  upon  Him  in  whom 
\ve  "  live  and  move  and  have  our  being" — we  may,  without  presumption, 
offer  up  our  grateful  thanksgiving  for  the  preservation  of  so  many  lives, 
thus  fearfully  exposed  to  the  ravages  of  the  destroyer. 

For  all  substantial  purposes,  therefore,  the  Normal  School  may  now 
be  regarded  as  permanently  engrafted  upon  the  settled  policy  of  the 
state,  as  a  portion  of  its  noble  system  of  public  instruction. 


The  edifice  is  entirely  plain  in  its  finish,  and  attention  has  been  given 
to  its  ventilation.  The  front  on  Lodge  street  is  120,  and  that  upon 
Howard  78  feet,  upon  each  of  which  is  an  entrance ;  that  upon  Lodge 
for  the  female  members  of  the  institution,  and  the  one  upon  Howard  for 
the  male.  The  building-  is  divided  into  four  stories  (with  a  basement 
some  six  feet  high),  each  of  which  contains  a  large  or  principal  room 
for  lectures  and  the  general  meeting  of  classes,  and  several  for  recita- 
tions. Rooms  upon  the  first  floor  are  arranged  for  the  laboratory,  the 
residence  of  the  janitor,  and  the  usual  reception  room  ;  those  upon  the 
second,  more  expressly  for  the  experimental  department ;  the  third,  for 
general  lecture  and  recitation  rooms,  and  the  fourth  for  the  opening  and 
closing  exercises  of  the  school,  and  the  closing  exercises  of  the  term. 

This  is  said  to  be  the  largest  room  in  the  city,  being  46  feet  wide  by 
98  long  ;  and  it  is  suggested  as  an  appropriate  one  for  concerts,  lectures, 
&c.  A  novel  feature  in  its  construction  is  that  it  is  divested  of  pillars, 
or  any  visible  mean?  by  which  the  roof  is  supported  ;  it  being  sustained 
entirely  by  trussed  timbers. 

The  original  draft  of  the  building  (which  included  the  residence  of 
the  principal  in  its  design,  and  which  is  retained  in  its  construction)  was 
intended  to  be  completed  in  the  most  approved  manner,  with  all  the 
necessary  arrangements  and  conveniences  which  belong  loan  institution 
of  its  capacity;  but  the  draft  exceeding  the  appropriation,  it  was  found 
necessary  to  make  alterations  in  its  entire  finish  and  model  ;  and  con- 
sequently the  entire  building,  if  we  except  the  principal's  residence,  has 
undergone  considerable  change  in  its  structure  and  finish  from  the  ori- 


302  Civil  Officers  of  Albany  for  1693. 

ginal  design.  Yet,  notwithstanding  this  necessary  reduction,  the  building 
and  its  furniture  and  fixtures  will  compare  favorably  with  any  similar 
institution  in  the  state  for  convenience  and  adaptation  to  the  wants  of  its 
professors  and  pupils. 

The  original  draft  of  the  building,  and  from  which,  in  a  form  much 
modified,  it  has  been  erected,  was  made  by  that  efficient  and  scientific 
architect,  Mr.  George  I.  Penchard  ;  the  masonry  was  executed  by  the 
competent  firm  of  Orr  &.  Cunningham,  and  the  wood  work  by  the  well 
known  establishment  of  Mr.  James  Denniston. 


CIVIL  OFFICERS  OF  THE  CITY  OF  ALBANY,  1693. 

The  militia  of  the  county  consisted  of  359  men,  commanded  by  Major 
Peter  Schuyler,  divided  into  five  companies  of  foot  and  one  of  horse. 
Peter  Schuyler  Esq  Mayor 
Dirck  Wessels  Esq  Recorder 
Robt  Livingston  Esq  Town  Clerk 
John  A  pell  Esqr  Sherriffe 

The  Aldermen,  Collectors,  Assessors  and  Constables  elective. 

The  Mayor's  Court  hath  the  Power  of  the  Comon  Pleas. 

In  each  County  there  is  a  Court  of  Comon  Pleas  whereof  the  first  in 
the  Commission  of  the  peace  is  Judge,  and  is  to  be  assisted  with  any 
two  of  the  three  next  in  the  commission  of  the  Peace. 

The  Mayor  and  Aldermen  are  Justices  of  the  Peace  and  have  power 
to  hold  Quarter  Sessions  in  the  Citlys  of  N.  York  &  Albany. 

Justices  of  the  Peace  : — In  the  County  of  Albany  to  joyne  the  Mayor 
Record^  and  Aldermen  in  the  Quarter  Sessions. 
Eehbert  Theunisse     )  Nicholas  Rispe        } 

Kilian  van  Ranslaer  (  ,-,  Sanders  Glenn         (  n 

Martin  Gerritse          (  ^  Peter  Vosbrough    ?  ^R(I 

Dirck  Theunisse         ;  Gerryt  Theunisse  ) 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  officers  of  the  militia  of  the  county  of 
Albany,  in  the  year  1700,  when  the  regiment  numbered  371  men. 

Peter  Schuyler,  Col., Lt.  Col.,  Dyrck  Wessel  Is,  Ma  j.,  Field  officers. 

Of  a  Fool  Company  in  the  city  of  A  Ibany  :— Johannes  Bleeker,  Cap- 
tain; Johannes  Roseboome  Leiut.;  Abra:  Cuyler,  Ensigne;  Comn  Offi- 
cers. 

Of  another  Foote  Coma  in  ye  said  city: — Albert  Rykman,  Captain; 
Wessel  ten  Broek,  Lieut.;  Johannes  Thornasse,  Ensigne. 

Of  another  Foot  Cornpa  in  the  said  County  : — Martin  Cornelise,  Cap- 
tain  ;  Andris  Douw,  Lieut.;  Andris  Koyman,  Ensign. 

Of  another  Foot  Compa  in  the  said  County  : — Gerrit  Teunisse,  Cap- 
tain; Jonas  Douw,  Jochern  Lamerse,  Lieut9-;  Volckart  V.  Hoesem,  Abra- 
Hanse,  Ensignes. 

Of  a  Foot  Compa  in  ye  town  of  Schenectady  : — Johannes  Sanderse 
Glen.  Captain;  Adam  Woman,  [Vrooman?]  Lieut.;  Harman  V.  Slyke, 
Ensign*3. 

Of  the  Troope  of  Horse  in  ye  said  Resiment: — Kilian  Van  Renslaer 
Captain;  Johannes  Schuyler,  Lieut  ;  Bennone  V.  Corlaer,  Cornet;  An- 
thony Brics,  Quartermaster. 


Cheap  Postage  System  in  Albany. 


303 


OPERATION  OF  THE  CHEAP  POSTAGE  SYSTEM  IN  ALBANY. 

The  returns  of  the  postmaster,  Mr  James  D.  Wasson,  of  the  number 
of  letters,  newspapers,  pamphlets  and  magazines  received  at  the  Post- 
Office  in  Albany  during  the  month  of  October,  1845,  were  as  follows  : 


No.  of  unpaid  and  paid  letters,  at  5  cents, 
11  "         "         at  10 

"         free  letters, at    5 

"  "  at  10 

dropped  letters, at     2 

printed  circulars,   ...     at     2 

newspapers  chargeable  and  free, 19,280 

pamphlets  and  magazines, 410 


34,656 

3,804 

162 

65 

730 

257 


"he  following  is  a  transcript  of  the  returns  for  October,   1843,  no 
account  having  been  kept  in  1844: 


No.  of  letters  at 


cents,  ..................  2,127 

10     "        ..................  3,372 

12£  "         ..................  10,006 

18!  "        ..................  8.182 

25    «         ..................  '864 

to  postmasters,   ..............  1,597 

to  members  of  Congress,  ......  172 

drop  letters,   ........................  1  ,629 

regular  papers,   .....................  10,030 

free  papers  ..........................  9,503 

irregular  papers,  ....................  1,752 

pamphlets,  periodical,  ..............  623 

not  periodical,  ...........  39 


he  receipts  for  the  month  of  October  during  the  years  1843,   '44  and 
'45,  were  as  follows,  viz  : 

October  1843- - $3.49776 

"         1844 2.86041 

"         1845 2,225  76 

The  falling  off  in  the  receipts  of  1844,  under  the  old  rates,  compared 
with  1843,  was  $637*35  ;  and  in  1845,  under  the  cheap  postage  system, 
compared  with  1844,  $624  65.  But  these  deficiencies  have  been  far  more 
than  realized  since,  and  the  system  is  working  well,  the  business  of  the 
office  having  increased  in  a  very  rapid  ratio. 


304          Prediction  of  the  Erie  Canal — Overslaugh. 


BARLOW'S  PREDICTION  OF  THE  ERIE  CANAL. 

The  great  American  poem  of  Joel  Barlow,  although  a  popular  book 
in  the  last  century,  is  probably  unknown  to  a  great  many  of  his  country- 
men ;  and  few  of  his  admirers,  perhaps,  ever  expected  to  see  the  Vision 
of  Columbus  quoted  in  after  years,  to  claim  the  fulfilment  of  a  prediction. 
The  work  was  published  in  1787,  when  that  magnificent  project,  the 
Erie  Canal,  if  it  had  any  other  place  than  in  the  imagination  of  the  poet, 
was  probably  regarded  only  as  the  visionary  chimera  of  an  enthusiast. 
But  the  printed  scheme  of  the  poet  may  have  awakened  the  attention  of 
some  strong  mind  to  undertake  the  task  of  carrying  out,  what  we  now 
behold  in  successful  operation,  and  which  was  foreshadowed  in  these 
words  : 

"  He  saw,  as  widely  spreads  the  unchannell-d  plain. 

Where  inland  realms  for  ages  bloom'd  in  vain, 

Canals,  long  winding,  ope  a  watery  flight, 

And  distant  streams,  and  seas,  and  lakes  unite. 

From  fair  Albania,  low'rd  the  falling  sun. 
Back  through  the  midland  lengthening  channels  run, 
Meet  the  far  lakes,  their  beauteous  towns  lhat  lave, 
And  Hudson  joined  to  broad  Ohio's  wave." 

It  was  thirty  years  after  this  was  published,  that  the  Erie  Canal  was 
commenced,  and  more  than  forty  before  the  opening  of  the  Ohio  Canal. 
In  1807,  the  Vision  of  Columbus  was  metamorphosed  into  The  Colum- 
biad.  In  the  mean  time  Philip  Schuyler  and  his  coadjutors  had  sue- 
ceeded  in  connecting  the  Hu  Ison  with  the  lakes,  by  short  canals  and 
locks  around  the  falls  of  the  Mohawk,  and  into  Wood  creek,  which  is 
thus  alluded  to  by  the  poet : 

"  From  Mohawk's  mouth,  far  westing  with  the  sun, 
Thro  all  the  midlands  recent  channels  run, 
Tap  the  redundant  lakes,  the  broad  hills  brave, 
And -Hudson  marry  with  Missouri's  wave. 
From  dim  Superior,  whose  uncounted  sails 
Shade  his  full  seas  and  bosom  all  his  gale*, 
New  paths  unfolding  seek  Mackensie's  tide, 
And  owns  and  emoires  rise  along  their  side." 


THE  OVERSLAUGH. 

The  legislature  passed  an  act,  in  April,  1790,  for  the  improvement  of 
the  navigation  at  the  Overslaugh,  by  allowing  the  proprietors  of  Mills 
and  Papskni  islands  to  erect  a  dam  to  prevent  the  passage  of  the  water 
between  them,  and  throw  it  into  the  main  channel.  This,  it  was 
thought,  would  more  effectually  benefit  the  navigation,  than  the  employ- 
ment of  "  an  unwieldy  machine,  which  at  best  only  affords  a  temporary 
relief." 


Albany  in  1823  305 


DESCRIPTION  OF  ALBANY  IN  1823. 

BY    HORATIO    GATES    SPATFORD,    LI*   D. 

Albany  City,  the  capital  of  the  state  of  New  York,  and  of  the 
county  of  Albany,  is  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  Hudson  river,  near 
the  head  of  tide  water,  144  miles  north  of  the  city  of  ISew  York,  30 
miles  north  of  Hudson,  6  miles  south  of  Troy,  and  15  about  southeast 
from  Schenectady.  In  wealth,  population,  trade,  and  resources,  it  is 
next  in  rank  to  the  city  of  New  York,  in  this  state,  and  takes  about  the 
sixth  or  seventh  rank  among  the  principal  towns  in  the  United  States. 
The  city  of  Albany,  agreeably  to  the  charter,  is  one  mile  wide  on  the 
river,  and  extends  due  northwest  to  the  north  line  of  the  manor  of  Kens- 
selaer,  holding  its  width  of  one  mile,  and  is  about  13^  miles  long,  the 
right  of  soil  of  which  is  the  absolute  property  of  the  corporation  in 
perpetuity.  It  is  bounded  northerly  by  the  township  of  Watervliel,  and 
by  the  county  of  Schenectady;  southerly  by  GuildeJand  and  Bethlehem; 
easterly  by  the  Hudson  or  the  county  of  Rensselaer :  and,  with  the 
small  exception  noticed  below,  the  boundaries  have  never  been  altered 
from  the  original  cnarter,  granted  in  1636.  The  area  is  about  7160 
acres,  which  also  constitutes  a  township,  for  all  the  purposes  of  civil 
government.  Of  this  extent,  only  a  small  proportion  is  under  populous 
improvement,  or  any  kind  of  cultivation,  the  western  part  having  a 
sterile  clay  or  sandy  soil,  principally  in  wood,  while  the  compact  popu- 
lation is  immediately  on  the  magin  of  the  Hudson.  To  the  stranger, 
the  situation  of  Albany  is  seldom  thought  pleasing  j  for  the  ground  is 
singularly  uneven,  and  there  is  a  peculiar  dissonance  of  taste  in  ihe  plan 
of  the  city,  as  well  as  in  the  style  of  its  architecture.  A  low  alluvial  flat 
extends  along  the  river,  and  in  the  rear  of  this  rises  the  river-hill,  ab- 
ruptly, to  near  the  heig  l  of  the  plain  which  extends  to  Schenectady. 
This  ft  .-it  is  from  15  to  100  rods  wide;  and  the  hill,  which  is  composed 
of  alternate  strata  of  fine  blue  clay  and  silicinus  sand,  though  deeply 
gullieJ  by  some  small  water-courses,  rises,  wif'in  half  a  mile  of  the  river 
in  the  direction  of  State  street,  till  it  gains  an  elevation  of  153  feet; 
thence,  for  another  half  mile,  the  ascent  is  about  60  ;  making  about  220 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  river,  in  the  distance  of  one  mile. 

The  principal  streets  of  Albany  are  parallel  with  the  river,  except 
State  street,  a  spacious  and  central  one  that  extends  from  the  Hudson  to 
the  Capitol,  being  nearly  east  and  west,  with  several  others,  less  consi- 
derable, intersecting  the  main  streets  nearly  at  right  angles.  South 
Market,  formerly  Court  street,  extends  from  the  Ferry,  at  the  southern 
extremity  of  the  compact  part  and  near  the  south  bounds  of  the  city  to 
State  street,  and  has  a  large  share  of  population  and  business.  North 
Market  street  opens  opposite  this,  and  extends  from  state  street  to  the 
northern  bounds  of  the  city,  and  to  near  the  Mansion  House  of  Major 
General  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer.  These  streets  thus  extend  through 
the  city  nearly  parallel  with  the  Hudson,  between  which  there  are 
several  other  streets,  less  extensive,  as  Dock  street,  Quay  street,  &c., 
populous,  principally  occupied  with  store-houses,  shops.  &c.  State 
street,  extends  from  the  river  in  a  narrow  avenue  lo  the  open  area  at 
27 


306  Albany  in  1823. 

the  meeting  of  North  and  South  Market  streets,  where  it  opens  to  the 
liberal  width  of  150  to  170  feet,  and  extends  1900  feet  to  the  Capitol, 
with  anaverase  ascent  of  6g  feet  in  100.  The  Public  Square,  an  open 
space  of  liberal  extent,  spreads  a  handsome  area  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Capitol ;  and  from  the  centre  of  this,  Washington  street,  spacious  and 
level,  extends  westward  in  a  right  line  on  a  commanding  plain,  to  the 
junction  of  the  Great  Western  turnpikes.  These  streets  have  been 
laid  out  in  a  style  which  may  be  characterized  as  modern  in  Albany, 
being  straight  and  spacious.  North  P.arl  street  extends  north  from 
State  street  to  the  northern  extremity  of  the  city,  just  on  the  brow  of 
the  river-hill,  and  next  west  of  North  Market  street  ;  and  South  Pearl, 
formerly  Washington  street,  opens  on  the  south  side  of  Slate  street, 
opposite  North  Pearl  street,  extending  south  to  the  south  bounds  of  the 
city,  ranging  just  at  the  foot  of  the  river-hill.  Between  this  and  South 
Market  street,  there  are  several  other  streets,  and  a  compact  population, 
crowded,  on  the  north  towards  State  street,  but  ihin  in  the  southern  part 
where  South  Pearl  street  diverges  westward  from  the  river,  between 
which  lie  the  grounds  formerly  denominaied  the  Pasture,  from  their  being 
appropriated  to  grazing.  The  flats  here  were  originally  subject  to  an- 
nual inundation,  and  though  recently  raised  some  feet,  are  now  hardly 
above  high-water  mark.  North  and  South  Market  streets,  are  the 
most  populous  and  rich,  and  do  by  far  the  most  business.  But,  through 
the  compact  population  on  each  side  of  State  street,  other  streets  extend 
from  the  hill  to  the  river,  parallel  lo  Stale  street,  which  art  closely 
built,  and  contain  many  very  valuable  brick  houses  and  stores;  these 
are  intersected  by  others  also  in  opposite  directions,  a  bare  enumeration 
of  which  would  be  useless  and  uninteresting,  while  it  would  swell  this 
article  far  beyonj  thelimils  assigned  to  it. 

The  position  of  Albany  was  first  chosen  by  a  commercial  people,  for 
a  military  post,  that  should  extend  the  trade  with  the  Indians,  and  give 
to  that  trade  a  belter  security  and  character.  Here  seemed  the  head  of 
the  tide,  and  sloop  navigation;  and  here  the  adventurers  found  a  good 
ship-channel  so  close  in  with  the  shore  as  to  save  docking, — and  n  fertile 
intervale  of  low  and  rich  alluvion,  where  they  erected  a  stockade  to 
guard  against  surprise  by  the  li-dians.  This  was  aboul  1614. 

This  establishment  was  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  in  whai  has  since 
been  called  Ihe  Pasture,  immediately  above  the  Steam- Boat  Dock. 
About  1623  it  was  enlarged,  better  stockaded,  and  called  Fort  Orange, 
according  to  the  best  accounts.  A  later  work  was  erected  on  the 
river-hill,  in  a  more  commanding  position,  but  retained  the  same  name, 
except  in  a  very  limited  circle,  where  it  was  called  Wifliamstadt,  till 
1664,  when  the  whole  country  passed  into  the  hands  ol  the  English, 
who  gave  the  present  name  in  compliment  to  the  Duke  of  York  and 
Albany,  then  lord  proprietor. 

The  charier  of  Albany,  incorporating  "  the  ancient  selilement  there 
as  a  city,"  was  granted  in  1686,  a  lew  months  previous  to  thai  of  New 
York,  and  Albany  has  now  the  oldest  charter  of  any  city  in  the  United 
States. 

The  plan  of  this  city,  the  style  of  its  public  and  private  works,  with 
the  whole  characttr  ol  its  police  and  municipal  regulations,  are  much 
improved  within  the  la^  twenty  years.  Originally,  the  inhabitants  had 
to  consult  present  convenience,  rather  than  taste  and  future  elegance, 


Albany  in  1823. 


307 


more  congenial  too  with  the  Dutch  character;  though  if  Yankee,  or 
Anglo- American  ostentation,  enjoying  the  ease  and  luxury  of  opulence 
and  progressive  improvement,  reproach  with  parsimony  the  ancient 
character  of  the  inhabitants  of  Albany,  a  just  discrimination  may  find 
the  happy  medium,  perhaps,  somewhere  between  these  extremes  of 
national  character.  A  Dutch  purse,  talk  as  we  may  about  parsimony, 
contracted  views,  want  of  taste,  &c.  &c.,  is  yet  a  very  good  thing  with 
•which  to  embellish  an  estate,  or  a  town.  The  corporation  of  this  city 
was  formerly  rich,  but  it  became  lavish,  if  not  prodisal,  though  aiming, 
perhaps,  only  at  liberality  and  public  spirit,  and  it  is  now  poor,  and 
involved  in  debt.  Many  improvements  have  been  made,  but  in  doing 
this  it  is  now  felt  that  they  have  been  rather  in  a  style  of  extravagance, 
in  which  the  good  people  have  been  paying  •'  too  dear  for  their  whistle." 
"  Pride  was  not  made  for  man,"  or  rather,  too  much  of  it,  any  more 
than  for  cities,  or  communities.  Property  in  Albany  is  very  much 
depreciated  in  value,  l>y  the  imposition  of  taxes,  to  pay  for  past  follies. 
But  let  us  look  at  its  public  buildings  and  works. 


CAPITOL  OF  THE  STATE. 


The  Capitol,  or  State  House,  erected  for  the  use  of  the  legislature 
certain  officers  of  state,  the  higher  courts,  &c.,  was  in  part  designed 
also,  for  city  offices,  and  erected  in  part  at  the  expense  of  the  "city 
The  whole  expense  exceeds  $120,000,  $34,000  of  which  was  paid  by  the 


308  Albany  in  1823. 

city.  This  building  stands  at  the  head  of  State  street,  adjoining  the 
public  square,  and  on  an  elevation  of  130  ft  et  above  the  level  of  the 
Hudson.  It  is  a  substantial  stone  building,  faced  with  freestone  taken 
from  the  brovn  sandstone  quarries  on  the  Hudson  below  the  Highlands. 
The  east  front,  facing  State  street,  is  90  feet  in  lenslh  ;  the  north,  1J5 
feet ;  the  walls  are  50  feet  high,  consisting  of  2  stories  and  a  basement 
story  of  10  feet.  The  east  front  is  adorned  with  a  portico  of  the  Ionic 
order,  tetrastile  ;  the  columns,  4  in  numher,  are  each  3  feet  8  inches  in 
diameter,  33  feet  in  height  exclusive  of  the  entablature  which  supports 
an  angular  pediment,  in  the  tympanum  of  which  is  to  be  placed  the 
Arms  of  the  State.  The  columns,  pilasters,  and  decorations  of  the 
door  and  windows,  arc  of  white  or  grey  marble,  from  Berkshire  county 
in  Massachusetts.  The  north  and  south  fronts  have  each  a  pediment  of 
65  feet  base,  and  the  doors  are  decorated  with  columns  and  angulai 
pediments  of  freestone.  The  ascent  to  the  hall  at  ihe  east  or  principal 
from,  is  by  15  stone  steps.  48  feet  in  length.  This  hall  is  58  feet  in 
length,  40  feet  in  width,  and  16  in  height,  the  ceiMng  of  which  is  sup- 
ported by  a  double  row  of  reeded  column?  :  the  doors  are  finished  with 
pilasters  and  open  pediments;  the  floor  vaulted,  and  laid  with  squares 
of  Italian  marble,  diagonally,  chequered  with  white  and  grey.  From 
this  hall,  the  first  door  on  the  right  hand  opens  to  the  Common  Council 
Chamber  of  the  corporation  of  Albany ;  opposite  this,  on  the  left,  is  a 
room  for  the  Executive  and  Council  of  Revision.  On  the  right,  at  the 
west  end  of  the  hall,  you  enter  the  Assembly  Chamber,  which  is  56 
feet  long,  50  wide,  and  28  in  height.  The  Speaker's  seal  is  in  the  cen- 
tre of  the  longest  side,  and  the  seats  and  table  for  the  members  are 
arranged  in  front  of  it,  in  a  semicircular  form.  It  has  a  gallery  oppo- 
site the  speaker's  seat,  supported  by  8  antique  fluted  Ionic  columns  ;  the 
frieze,  cornice,  and  ceiling-piece,  (18  feet  cliameier,)  are  richly  orna- 
mented in  stucco.  From  this  hall,  on  the  left,  you  are  conducted  to  the 
Senate  Chamber,  50  feet  long.  28  wide,  and  28  feet  high,  finished  much 
in  the  same  style  as  the  Assembly-Chamber.  In  the  Jurniture  of  these 
rooms,  with  that  of  the  Council  of  Revision,  there  is  a  liberal  display 
of  public  munificence,  and  the  American  Eagle  assumes  an  imperial 
splendor.  There  are  two  other  rooms  on  this  floor,  adjoining  those 
first  mentioned,  which  are  occupied  as  lobbies  to  accommodate  the 
members  of  the  legislature. 

From  the  west  end,  in  the  centre  of  the  hall,  you  ascend  a  staircase 
that  turns  to  the  right  and  -left,  leading  to  the  Galleries  of  the  Senate 
and  Assembly  Chambers,  and  a'so  to  the  Supreme  Court  Room,  which 
is  immediately  over  the  hall  :  its  dimension;-  are  50  feet  in  length,  40  in 
breadth,  and  22  in  height  This  room  is  handsomely  ornamented  in 
stucco.  An  entresole  or  mezzazine  story,  on  each  side  of  the  Court 
Room,  contains  four  rooms  for  jurors  and  the  uses  of  the  courts. 

The  attic  story  contains  a  Mayor's  Court  Room,  a  room  for  the  Society 
of  Arts,  for  the  State  Library,  and  the  Stale  Board  of  Agriculture. 
The  basement  story  contains  the  County  Cl«  rk's  Office,  cellars  and 
vaults  for  storage,  and  dwelling  rooms  for  the  Marshal  of  the  city  In 
the  Common  Council  Room,  there  are  portraits  of  some  distinguished 
Americans, — and  before  revising  this  article.  I  took  some  pnins,  without 
success,  to  'ook  at,  so  lliat  I  could  at  least  enumerate  them.  In  the 
Assembly-Chamber,  there  is  an  admirable  full  length  portrait  of  Wash- 


Albany  in  1823.  309 

ington,  by  Ames,  of  Albany,  and  in  the  Senate  Chamber,  one  of  George 
Clinton,  unrivalled  in  faitnfulness,  and  unexcelled  in  execution.  The 
walls  of  these  chambers  are  hung  with  maps,  and  I  very  lately  had 
occasion  to  regret  the  difficulty  of  gaining  access  to  them. 

This  building  is  roofed  with  a  double-hip,  or  pyramidal  form,  upon 
the  centre  of  which  is  erected  a  circular  cupola,  20  leet  diameter, 
covered  with  a  domical  roof,  supported  by  8  insulated  columns,  of  the 
Ionic  order,  and  contains  a  small  bell  for  the  use  of  the  courts.  The 
centre  of  the  dome  sustain*  a  pedestal,  on  which  is  placed  Themis, 
facing  Slate  street  a  carved  figure  in  wood  of  11  feet  in  height,  holding 
a  sword  in  her  right  hand,  and  a  balance  in  her  left. 

The  Public  Square,  on  the  southwest  of  which  stands  the  Capitol, 
has  recently  been  laid  out  in  the  style  of  a  Park,  surrounded  by  a 
handsome  fence,  levelled,  laid  out  into  walks  and  avenues-,  and  planted 
with  shrubbery,  and  trees,  the  latter  of  very  diminutive  size.  Facing 
this  on  the  west  is  Gregory's  Row,  a  hands-cme  range  of  well-finished 
brick  buildings,  extending  also  around  the  corner  and  up  the  south  side 
of  Washington  street,  on  the  north  side  of  which  there  are  some  good 
buildings,  and  extending  northward,  lacing  the  Academy  Park.  Wash- 
ington street  avenue  across  the  Public  Square,  seems  to  divide  it  into 
two  parks,  Capi'ol  Park  and  Academy  Par/c,  separately  enclosed,  the 
latter  laid  out  and  planted  *n  the  same  style  as  the  former.  On  the 
northwest  corner  of  the  Public  Square,  opposite  the  Capitol,  north  of 
Washington  street,  stands  the  Albany  Academy,  a  large  and  elegant 
pile  of  masonry,  faced  with  the  red  sandstone  of  Nyac,  the  same  as 
that  used  in  the  Capitol.  It  is  truly  an  elegant  bui  ding,  in  design  and 
execution  the  most  chaste  in  the  city,  though  in  common  with  every  other 
it  is  set  rather  too  much  in  the  around,  but  makes  a  good  appearance 
and  has  a  commanding  prospect.  I  have  not  time  to  describe  it 
minutely,  nor  does  it  comport  with  my  plan  to  do  so.  It  cost  the  city 
$91,802  45,  exclusive  of  the  lot  on  which  it  is  erected,  and  a  donation 
to  the  trustees  of  the  o!cl  jail,  and  Jots  of  ground  on  which  it  was  situ- 
ated. It  is  three  stories  in  height,  has  a  front  of  90  feet,  five  teachers, 
and  about  140  students.  The  State  Hall,  erected  by  the  state,  for  the 
principal  public  officers,  is  a  plain,  substantial  edifice,  two  stories  and  a 
basement,  situated  on  the  south  side  of  State  street,  midway  between 
the  Capitol  and  the  Banks.  This  building  accommodates  The  principal 
offices  of  state,  such  as  the  Secretary's,  Comptroller's,  Treasurer's, 
Surveyor-General's,  and  the  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court's  offices.  The 
Jail,  probably  one  of  the  best  constructed  in  the  state,  cost  the  city 
$40,525'86;  and  the  Lancaster  School  House,  from  a  very  bad 
policy.  $23,918'93  :  to  this  may  he  added  as  an  item,  that  the  corpora- 
tion contracted  a  debt  ef  $32,000  for  the  purchase  of  a  site  from  the 
Lutheran  Church,  for  a  market.  Among  the  other  public  buildings, 
we  may  notice  three  banks,  and  twelve  houses  for  worship,  belonging 
to  Presbyterians,  Episcopalians  Lutherans.  Baptists,  Methodists,  some 
Independents  and  Seceders,  and  Roman  Catholics. 

The  Arsenal,  is  a  large  brick  edifice,  filled  with  military  stores  be- 
longing to  the  state  of  New  York,  situated  in  the  north  part  of  the  city, 
late  Colonie.  The  City  Powder  House,  stands  on  the  plain  at  the 
Washington  Square;  and  a  Powder  House,  erected  in  1811,  by  the  state, 
at  the  expense  of  $3,000,  stands  on  an  eminence  of  the  plain,  near  the 


•310  Albany  in  1823. 

three  mile-stone.  The  Alms  House  is  also  on  the  plain,  near  the 
Washington  Square,  the  annual  expense  of  which,  with  the  support  of 
the  poor,  is  abuut  $8,000. 

There  are  two  Ferries,  one  to  Greenbush  village,  from  the  south 
part,  and  one  to  Bath  village,  from  the  north  part,  on  the  border  ol 
Watervliet.  From  the  south  or  principal  ferry,  the  docks,  or  quays, 
extend  north  along  the  river,  nearly  one  mile,  and  the  street  fronting 
this  is  pretty  compactly  built  for  the  most  of.  that  distance.  Here  are 
usually  seen  from 80  to  200  sloops  and  schooners,  with  a  scene  of  acti- 
vity honorable  to  the  character  ot'the  place.  .  The  usual  tides  at  Albany 
are  from  one  to  three  or  four  feet;  but  variable  according  to  the  wind, 
and  the  strength  of  the  current  in  the  Hudson.  To  this  city,  the  sloop 
navigation  may  be  said  to  be  pretty  good. 

There  are  a  great  many  associations  for  business  purposes,  and 
many  literary,  charitable,  humane,  and  benevolent  societies,  which  I 
have  not  room  to  notice,  and  a  Chamber  of  Commerce,  Marine  Society, 
&c  ,  &c.  There  are  also  an  Insurance  Company,  and  a  Savings  Bank. 
The  Albany  Library,  is  a  very  respectable  one,  as  is  the  Apprentices' 
Library,  and  its  Water  Works,  for  supplying  the  city  with  pure  and 
whole.>ome  water,  are  entitled  to  particular  consideration.  Ames's 
Gallery  of  Portraits,  Mr.  Cook's  Reading  Room,  and  the  Museum  of 
Mr.  Towbridge,  must  not  be  omitted.  The  city  is  well  supplied  with 
printing  establishments,  having  one  daily,  three  semi- weekly,  and  two 
weekly  newspapers,  and  printing  and  bookselling  business  to  a  great 
amount.  Steamboats  run  daily  between  this  city  and  New  York,  and 
there  are  stages  in  abundance,  daily,  in  all  directions,  for  Albany  is  a 
great  thoroughfare,  and  will  probably  continue  such,  if  nothing  more. 
The  Post-Office  is  well  located,  in  North  Market  street,  a  little  north 
of  State  street,  near  the  two  Mansion  Houses,  hotels,  and  the  Albany, 
and  Mechanics'  and  Farmers'  Banks.  There  are  three  Air  Furnaces  in 
this  city,  which  make  a  very  great  variety  and  amount  of  castings ; 
and  there  are  many  mechanical  establishments,  in  the  different  trades, 
though  Albany,  in  proportion  to  its  wealth  and  population,  is  not  con- 
spicuous  in  the  extent  of  its  manufactures,  having  no  water-power  for 
hydraulic  works.  The  substitution  of  steam-power,  and  the  verj' great 
importance  to  such  a  place,  of  mills,  factories,  &c.,  seem  to  have  been 
Strangely  overlooked. 

But  let  us  turn  our  attention  to  the  Canals,  and  the  great  Basin,  from 
which  so  much  is  anticipated  at  Albany.  The  Erie  Canal,  and  the 
Champlain  Canal,  having  formed  a  junction  in  Watervliet,  8^  miles 
north  of  this  city,  flow  on  in  one  channel,  which  enters  the  present  city 
of  Albany  in  the  fifth  ward,  late  a  part  of  Colonie,  three  fourths  of  a 
mile  from  the  Capitol,  where  there  is  a  small  Basin,  and  descends  to 
the  HcHson  in  the  rear  of  the  State  Arsenal,  near  the  north  ferry. 
From  this  place,  a  Basin  is  to  be  made,  extending  down  stream,  on  the 
tvest  side  of  the  river,  about  4000  feet  in  length,  to  Hodge's  dock,  in  the 
line  of  Hamilton  street.  It  will  embrace  the  west  part  of  the  river, 
extending  along  in  front  of  the  city,  formed  by  an  outer  mole  of  80  feet 
in  width,  and  about,  IS  in  height,  on  the  east  side  of  which  there  is  to 
be  a  street  of  25  feet  in  width.  The  Basin  will  be  from  80  to  300  feet 
in  width,  averaging  10  feet  water  It  is  connected  with  the  Canal,  at 
the  upper  end,  by  a  boat  lock,  and  with  the  Hudson  river  at  the  lower 


Albany  in  1823.  311 

end,  by  a  sloop  lock.  The  works  are  rapidly  progressing,  and  are  in- 
tended to  be  completed  in  1824,  being  more  than  half  finished.  Should 
the  Canal  continue  to  terminate  here,  this  Basin  will  doubtless  be  of 
great  importance  to  Albany,  but  I  raiher  suspect  it  will  ultimately  be 
extended  downward  to  the  head  <  f  ship  navigation. 

The  town  of  Colonie,  described,  in  the  first  edition  of  my  Gazetteer, 
in  1813,  has  since  been  consolidated  or  abolished,  the  northern  part 
being  annexed  to  WatPrvliet,  and  the  southern  to  Albnny.  forming  the 
fifth  Ward,  February  25,  1815.  But  for  this,  this  good  old  Dutch  city 
would  not  have  had  its  Canal,  which  does  not  come  within  the  limits  of 
its  old  charter,  though  the  Basin  will,  and  extend  almost  down  to  the 
first  position  of  Fort  Orange,  noticed  above. 

There  are  many  companies  cf  firemen,  wt  11  regulated,  and  well  pro- 
vided with  engines  and  other  means  of  effective  operations.  But  while 
a  well-timed  vigilance  guards  against  the  ravages  of  the  fire  of  the 
elements,  it  were  well  to  check  the  destruction  arising  from  that  of  the 
mind.  A  deplorable  defect  in  the  system  of  public  guardianship  exists 
somewhere,  and  the  small  groceries  and  shops  that  retail  ardent  and 
other  spirits  are  so  numerous  as  to  call  loudly  for  reform. 

The  city  of  Albany  is  governed  by  a  Mayor,  Recorder,  10  Aldermen, 
and  10  Assistant  Aldermen,  denominated  in  the  laws, <k  the  Mayor,  Al- 
dermen, and  Commonalty  ;>  The  Common  Council  must  consist  of  5 
aldermen,  5  assistants,  and  the  mayor  or  recorder,  to  be  competent 
to  the  enacting  of  laws.  For  the  better  administration  of  justice,  the 
city  is  divided  into  five  wards,  each  of  which  elects  two  aldermen  and 
two  assistants,  with  such  other  officers  as  are  found  necessary  to  the 
purposes  of  government,  including,  also,  the  usual  town  officers,  such 
as  supervisors,  assessors,  &c.,  each  ward  being  a  town,  as  respects 
elections,  officers,  &c.  The  charier  election  is  held  on  the  last  Tuesday 
in  September,  and  the  town  election,  on  the  day  of  general  town  elec- 
tions in  this  state.  A  large  proportion  of  the  houses  are  of  brick,  well 
secured  against  fire.  The  whole  number  of  houses  and  stores  is  about 
200t>.  There  are  also  a  Mechanic  Hall,  Uraninn  Hall,  and  sundry 
school-houses,  in  addition  to  the  buildings  already  enumerate  d.  The 
shipping,  including  that  annually  paying  wharfage  in  thiscily,  amounts 
to  about  400,  principally  sloops,  and  an  immense  amount  of  business  is 
don**,  principally  with  New  York,  though  a  good  deal  with  Boston, 
Philadelphia,  &c.  The  shipment  of  wheat,  annually,  is  probably  to 
the  amount  of  two  to  three  millions  of  dollars.  Importations,  princi- 
pally from  England,  are  made  to  a  great  amount,  in  the  dry  goods  and 
hardware  business,  in  which  are  embarked  very  great  capitals.  The 
Troy  Iron  and  Nail  Works,  a  very  extensive  concern,  is  owned  in 
Albany, 

The  annual  expenses  of  the  city,  amount  to  about  $45,000-  In  1821, 
the  expenditures  were  $45,614,  including  $11,168  to  commissioners  of 
the  city  stock;  and  the  receipts  for  the  same  year,  $49,507,  $14,000  of 
which  was  for  support  of  poor  and  night  watch,  raised  by  tax.  Ths 
city  debt  amounted  to  $250,342,  for  the  reduction  of  which,  there  was 
a  sinking  fnnd  of  $106,108,  $81,000  of  wh:ch  is  in  city  lands.  To  these 
notices  it  may  be  proper  to  add.  as  an  evidence  of  the  public  spirit  in 
which  these  burdens  have  been  imposed,  that  the  corporation  of  Albany, 
in  1813j  publicly  offered  a  reward  of  $1,COO,  for  the  discovery  of  a 


312  Albany  in  1823. 

mine  of  fossil  coal,  if  within  five  miles  of  the  navigable  waters  of  the 
Hudson  river,  and  of  a  stratum  not  less  than  four  feet.  The  coal  to  be 
sure,  has  not  been  discovered,  but  no  one  will  pretend  to  say  it  never 
will  be,  or  that  such  a  discovery  would  not  be  of  immense  importance 
to  the  city  of  Albany,  and  the  public. 

Mills'  island,  in  the  Hudson,  a  very  large  and  valuable  one,  commenc- 
ing just  below  the  city,  is  principally  in  Bethlehem,  partly  in  Albany. 
The  principal  obstruciions  to  the  navigation  of  the  Hudson  below  this 
city,  to  a  free  sloop  navigation,  are,  the  bar  or  bars,  or  rather  the  flats, 
sand-bars,  and  narrow  channels,  called  the  Overslagh,  or  Overslaugh, 
in  Bethlehem,  three  miles  below,  and  Winm;s  Bar,  also  in  Bethlehem, 
eight  miles.  Attempts  have  been  made,  and  are  still  making, to  rtmove 
these,  but  not  with  the  success  desired.  Should  the  dam  and  sloop 
lock,  below  Lansingburgh,  prove  as  beneficial  as  it  is  hoped  they  may, 
the  same  means  will  probably  be  lesorted  to  here,  for  the  benefit  of 
Albany  and  Troy.  The  alluvial  matter  has  been  steadily  increasing  in 
the  Hudson,  say  from  ten  or  twelve  miles  below  Albany,  ever  since  the 
first  survey  of  the  river, and  it  is  a  perfectly  rational  conjecture,  that  it 
will  continue  to  increase,  and  to  multiply  the  obstructions  to  naviga- 
tion. 

Albany  has  a  Globe  Manufactory,  entitled  to  distinguished  notice,  and 
a  Lyceum  of  Natural  History,  recently  established,  for  which  it  has  a 
room  in  the  Academy.  The  actual  distance  between  Albany  and  New 
York,  by  land,  is  only  144  miles,  and  perhaps  no  more  measured  on  the 
ice,  but  the  sloop  channel  may  still  be  safely  reckoned,  as  formerly,  at 
160  miles,  or  very  nearly.  This  city  pays  annually  $5uO  towards  the 
support  of  the  Lancaster  School,  which  also  receives  $676  from  the 
school  fund,  and  collects  about  $250  a  year  for  tuition  money-  The 
annual  expense  of  this  very  excellent  school,  is  about  $1400,  and  the 
number  of  scholars  600  to  800.  It  was  founded  during  the  mayoralty, 
and  by  the  exertions  of  the  late  Mayor  P.  S.  Van  Rensselaer,  a  good 
deed  for  the  people,  by  a  man  of  good  deeds. 

Population,  in  1820,  including  the  annexation  from  the  late  town  of 
Colonie,  12,630:  of  this  number,  there  were  employed  in  agriculture, 
75;  in  commerce  and  trade,  468;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  909;  238 
foreigners  not  naturalized  ;  643  free  blacks,  109  slaves ;  taxable  property, 
$3,970,070;  schools,  1,  the  Lancaster  school  receiving  all  the  public 
moneys,  an  excellent  plan,  for  populous  towns;  public  moneys  received 
in  1821,  $1,401  98,  the  school  being  kept  twelve  months  in  twelve  ;  num. 
her  of  children  therein,  in  1821,  635:  electors,  2,357;  acres  of  improved 
land,  occupied,  1.515;  number  of  cattle.  654;  horses,  653 ;  sheep,  272: 
yards  of  cloth  made  in  families,  in  1821,  1,023  :  1  distillery.  Albany 
has  no  water-power  for  hydraulic  works. 

The  first  settlement  of  this  city  was  made  by  some  Hollanders  about 
1612,  and  next  to  Jamestown  in  Virginia,  it  is  the  oldest  settlement 
in  the  United  States.  In  1614,  a  temporary  fort  was  erected.  Fort 
Orange  was  built  about  1623.  Albany  received  its  charter  in  1686. 
And  it  is  worthy  of  remark  that  this  city  was  enclosed  by  stockade  de- 
fence against  the  Indians  about  1745,  when  there  were  six  block-houses 
erected,  the  last  of  which  with  the  last  remaining  vestige  of  that  work, 
was  destroyed  by  fire  in  the  summer  of  18J2. 


Distances  of  the  County  Towns  from  Albany.          313 

Albany  is  situated  in  north  latitude  42°  39',  and  73°  13' west  longitude, 
from  the  Royal  Observatory  of  Enelaad.  Distances  from  Albany,  to 
the  city  of  New  York,  144  miles;  Philadelphia,  234;  Washington  city, 
373  ;  Boston,  171  ;  Hartford,  92;  Quebec,  394;  Montreal,  247  ;  Buffalo, 
by  Utica,  by  land,  296;  via  Cherry-Valley,  282;  by  the  Canal  360;  to 
Detroit,  664- 

The  eastern  section  of  the  Erie  Canal  was  completed,  opened  for 
navigation,  when  boats  descended  to  the  Hudson  at  Albany,  and  the 
great  festival  was  held,  Oct.  8,  1823.  This  completes  the  line  of  Canal 
naviaaiion  from  Albany  to  Rochester.  It  wos  a  great  day,  celebrated 
with  great  pomp,  a  grand  display  of  all  sorts  of  pride  and  ceremonies, 
attended,  probably,  by  30  000  people.  The  Champlain  Canal  was  com- 
pleted September  10,  1823. 


DISTANCES  OF  THE  COUNTY  TOWNS  FROM  ALBANY. 


County. 
AHegany,   
Broome,    

County  Seat.          Dim. 
•Angelica.   25o 
.Binffhamlon,    145 

County. 

County  feat. 

Dist 
-.195 
•  •105 

G.<slen,        )   .... 

Catiaraugus,   •  ••• 
Cayuga    
Chautnuque,   •  ••• 
Chemung.    

.Auburn,  .•  
.Mayville,    
.Klmira,    
.Norwich.  
•Pittsburgh,    
.Hudson.    
•Coriland,  
Delhi.  
•  Poughkeepsie,  •  ••• 
•Buffalo,   
.Elizabethtown,  •  •• 
•  Malone 

-  2P2 
•1fi9 
.33(5 

.ins 

.110 
•1(54 
•    29 
•140 

'.   75 
.2*4 
•  I2f» 
212 

Orleans,   ....... 

Newlurgb,  J   «••• 
••Albirn  
Oswego.  )  

..   p4 
..257 
•  .Ifi7 

Otsego.   ....•••• 
Putnam,    .•  
Queens.    

Pulaski,   }  
•  •Cooperstown,    »•• 
••Carmel     
•  •HempsTead  C   H. 

-.153 
•  .  69 
•  .IdO 
•  •172 

Clinton,   
Columbia,    
Cortlaiul.    
Delaware,   
Duichess,   
Erie,    

Richmond,  .  «•«• 
Rocklnnd.  

St.  Lawrence,  •  • 
Saratoga.  
Schenedady.    •• 
Schoharie,  «•••» 

'  ro^  ' 

•  •New-  City,    
••Canton,   
••Ballston  Spa,  
••Sclient-ctady,    •••• 
••Schoharie.  

•  •129 
•  •223 
..   26 
••    15 
••  22 
.    IftQ 

Fulton.    
Genesec,    
Greene,     

.Johnstown,  
•Batavia,    
.Catskill.  

•   45 
.249 
.  37 
•  72 
•  80 
•  164 
.149 
•134 

Stenhe.n,  
Suffolk.  
Sullivan,  
Tiosra,  

•  •Bath,    
•  -River  Head,  .-••• 
••Monticello,   
•   Owego,    

•  •164 
••216 
••235 
•  •110 
••167 

Herkimer,    
Jefferson,   

•Herksmer,    
•Watertown.  

Lewis.     
Livingston,     
Madison,    

•Martinsburgh,  . 

Ulster.  
Warren  •• 

Washington.   .  •• 
Wayne,    
Westchester,   .-• 

Wyoming. 
Yates,   

••Kiiiffston.    
•  •Caldwell,    .-••-.. 
**in<ly  Hill  ) 

••  55 
..  62 
50 

•Morrisville,    

.]d2 

jyionroe.    . 

"Snlem.          )  
••Lyons  
Bedford.           )    •• 
"While  Plains,  f   •• 
•  •Warsaw,   
•  •  Peuu-Yan,    

.  .   47 
..181 
••125 
••129 
251 
••192 

New-York 
Niagara,    

Oneida,  
Onondaga,  

•New-  York,    
•Lock  port    
Rome.             \  •'" 
"  Whitestown,  )  •  •  •• 
•Syracuse,  

.141 
.277 
•  176 
•   97 
.133 

314          Dr.  Morse's  Description  of  Albany  in 

DR.  MORSE'S  DESCRIPTION  OF  ALBANY  IN  1789. 

The  following  extract  from  Morse's  American  Geography  will  serve 
to  correct  a  very  common  error  in  relation  to  the  singular  position  in 
which  the  reverend  doctor  is  said  to  have  placed  the  citizens  of  Albany 
in  regard  to  the  streets!  It  is  extracled  from  ihe  original  edition,  pub- 
lisheil  in  1789,  a  copy  of  which  we  happen  to  possess.  This  edition  is 
now  so  rare,  that  it  was  with  great  difficulty  a  copy  could  he  procured, 
two  or  ihree  years  ago,  for  the  British  Museum.  It  will  be  seen  that 
the  people,  -as  well  as  the  houses,  are  placed  in  a  true  and  proper  posi- 
tion, as  far  as  lh«ir  standing  is  concerned,  and  the  doctor's  English  will 
be  vindicated. 

The  ciiy  of  Albany  is  situated  upon  the  west  side  of  Hudson's  river, 
160  miles  north  of  the  city  of  New  York,  in  latitude  42°,  36',  and  is  by 
charter  one  mile  upon  the  river,  and  16  miles  back.  It  contains  about 
600  houses,  built  mostly  by  trading  p  ople  on  the  margin  of  the  river. 
The  houses  stand  chiefly  upon  Pearl,  Market  and  Water  streets,  and  six 
other  streets  or  lanes  which  cross  them  nearly  at  right  angles.  They 
are  b "ill  in  the  old  Dutch  Gothic  stile,  with  the  gable  end  to  the  street, 
which  rusiom  the  first  settlers  brought  with  them  from  Holland.  The 
gable  end  is  commonly  of  hrick,  with  theheavy  moulded  ornament  of  slan- 
ting with  notches,  like  stairs,  and  an  iron  horse  fur  a  weather  cock,  on 
the  top.  There  is  one  little  appendage  to  their  houses,  which  the  peo- 
ple, blind  to  the  inconvenience  of  it,  still  continue,  and  that  is  the  water 
gutters  or  spouts  which  project  from  every  house,  rendering  it  almost 
dangerous  to  walk  the  streets  in  a  rainy  day.  Their  houses  are  seldom 
more  than  one  story  and  an  half  high,  and  have  but  little  convenience, 
and  less  elegance  ;  but  they  are  kept  very  neat,  being  rubbed  with  a 
mop  almost  every  day.  and  scoured  every  week.  The  same  neatness, 
however,  is  not  observed  in  the  streets,  which  are  very  muddy  most  of 
the  year,  except  those  which  are  paved  ;  and  these  are  seldom  swept 
aa  1  very  rough. 

The  city  of  Albany  contains  about  4000  inhabitants,  collected  from 
almost  all  parts  of  the  northern  world.  As  great  a  variety  of  languages 
are  spoken  in  Albany,  as  in  any  town  in  the  United  States.  Adventu- 
rers, in  pursuit  of  wealth,  are  led  here  by  the  advantages  for  trade  which 
this  place  afloids.  Situated  on  one  of  the  finest  rivers  in  the  world, 
at  the  head  of  sloop  navigation,  surrounded  with  a  rich  and  extensive 
back  country,  and  the  store-house  of  the  trade  to  and  from  Canada,  and 
the  Lakes,  it  must  flourish,  and  the  inhabitant*  cannot  but  grow  rich. 
Hudson,  however,  is  their  rival.  Other  rivals  may  spring  up. 

Albany  is  said  to  be  an  unsociable  place.  This  is  naturally  to  be  ex- 
pected. A  heterogeneous  collection  of  people,  invested  with  all  iheir 
national  prejudices,  eager  in  the  pursut  of  gain,  and  jealous  of  a 
rivalship.  can  not  expect  to  enjoy  the  pleasures  of  social  intercourse  or 
the  swprts  of  an  intimate  and  reined  friend>hip. 

A  gentl  man  of  observation  and  discernment,  who  resided  some  time 
in  Albany  has  made  the  following  obsei  vations,  which,  though  of  gene- 
ral application,  I  beg  leave  to  introduce  under  this  particular  head. 

To  form  a  just  idea  of  the  mariners  and  customs  of  the  inhabitants, 
we  must  confine  ourselves  to  the  Dutch,  who  being  much  the  most  nu- 
merous, give  the  tone  to  the  manners  of  the  place.  Two  things  unite 


Dr.  Morse's  Description  of  Albany  in  17S9.          315 

[more  particularly  to  render  these  disagreeable  to  foreigners;  first,  a 
natural  prejudice  which  we  all  possess  in  favor  of  our  o\vn,  and  against 
I  the  manners  of  another  place  or  nati"n  :  secondly,  their  c^e  union,  like 
|the  Jews  of  old,  to  prevent  the  innovation  of  foreigners,  and  to  keep  the 
balance  of  interest  always  in  their  own  hands. 

It  is  an  unhappy  circumstance  when  an  infant  nation  adopt  the  vices, 
luxuries  and  manners  of  an  old  one;  but  this  was  in  a  great  measure 
the  case  with  the  first  settlers  of  Albany,  most  of  whom  were  immedi- 
ately from  Amsterdam.  Their  diversions  are  walking  and  sitting  in 
mead-houses,  and  in  mixed  companies  they  dance.  They  know  nothing 
of  the  little  plays  ami  amusements  common  to  small  social  circles.  The 
gentlemen  who  are  lively  and  gay,  play  at  cards,  billiards,  chess,  &c., 
others  go  to  the  tavern,  mechanically,  at  11  o'clock — stay  until  dinner, 
and  return  in  the  evening.  It  is  not  uncommon  to  see  forty  or  fifty  at 
these  places  of  resort, at  the  same  time;  yet  they  seldom  drink  to  intox- 
ication, unless  in  company,  or  on  public  occasions,  when  it  is  thought  to 
be  no  disgrace. 

They  seldom  admit  many  spectators  to  their  marriages  ;  but  the  day 
after,  the  groom  pre-pares  a  cold  collation,  with  punch,  wine,  &c.  to  par- 
take of  which,  he  expects  all  his  friends  will  come,  at  11  o'clock  with- 
out any  invitation.  A  dictator,  with  absolute  power,  is  then  appointed 
to  preside  at  each  table,  or  in  each  room,  and  it  seldom  happens  that 
any  are  suffered  to  leave  the  house,  until  the  whole  circle  exhibits  a 
shocking  specimen  of  human  depravity. 

Their  funeral  cereal  mies  are  equally  singular.  None  attend  them 
without  a  previous  invitation.  At  the  appointed  hour  they  meet  at  the 
neighboring  houses  or  stoops,  until  the  corpse  is  brought  out.  Ten  or 
twelve  persons  are  appointed  to  take  the  bier  all  together,  and  are  not 
relieved.  The  clerk  then  desires  the  gentlemen  (for  ladies  never  walk 
to  the  srave,  nor  even  attend  the  funeral,  unless  of  a  near  relation)  to 
fall  into  the  procession.  They  go  to  the  grave,  ami  return  to  the  house 
of  mourning  in  the  same  order.  Here  the  tables  are  handsomely  set  and 
furnished  with  cold  and  spiced  wine,  tobacco  and  pipes,  and  candles, 
paper,  &c.  to  liuht  them.  The  conversation  turns  upon  promiscuous 
subjects,  however  i  nproper,  and  unsuitable  to  the  solemnity  of  the 
occasion,  and  the  house  of  mourning  is  soon  converted  into  a  house  of 
feasting. 

The  best  families  live  extremely  well,  enjoying  all  the  conveniences 
and  luxuries  of  life ;  but  the  poor  have  scarcely  the  necessaries  for 
subsistence. 

The  sround  covered  by  this  city  charter,  is  of  a  thin,  poor  soil.  In  the 
river  before  the  city  is  a  beautiful  little  island,  which,  were  it  properly- 
cultivated,  would  afford  a  faint  resemblance  of  Paradise. 

The  well-water  in  the  ciiy  is  extremely  bad,  scarcely  drinkable  by 
those  who  are  not  accustomed  to  it.  Indeed  all  the  water  for  cooking 
is  brought  from  the  river,  and  many  families  use  it  to  drink.  The  water 
in  the  wells,  if  Kalm  was  well  informed,  is  unwholsome,  being  full  of 
little  insects,  resembling,  except  in  size,  those  which  we  frequently  see 
in  stagnated  rain  water. 

The  public  buildings  are  a  Low  Dutch  church,  one  for  Presbyterians, 
one  for  Germans  or  High  Dutch,  one  for  Episcopalians — a  hospital  and 
the  City  Hall. 


Dr.  Morse's  Description  of  Albany  in  1796. 


ALBANY  IN  1796. 

In  the  edition  of  1796,  the  notice  of  Albany  was  somewhat  varied, 
as  follows: 

Many  new  houses  have  lately  been  built  in  this  city,  all  in  the  modern 
style  ,  the  inhabitants  are  paving  the  streets  in  the  New  York  plan, 
with  foot-ways,  and  making  other  improvements. 

The  city  of  Albany  contains  about  twelve  or  fourteen  hundred  houses, 
and  5000  inhabitants,  collected  from  various  parts.  As  great  a  variety  of 
languages  are  spoken  in  Albany,  as  in  any  town  in  the  United  Stales, 
bat  the  English  predominates  and  the  use  of  every  other  is  constantly 
lessening.  Adventurers,  in  pursuit  of  wealth,  are  led  here  by  the  ad- 
vantages for  trade  which  this  place  affords. 

Albany  is  unrivalled  in  its  situation.  It  stands  on  the  bank  of  one  of 
the  finest  rivers  in  <he  world,  at  the  head  of  sloop  navigation.  It  enjoys 
a  salubrious  air,  as  is  evinced  by  the  longevity  of  its  inhabitants.  It  is 
the  natural  emporium  of  the  increasing  trade  of  a  large  extent  of  coun- 
try west  and  north;  a  country  of  an  excellent  soil,  abounding  in  every 
article  f<»r  the  West  India  market ;  plentifully  watered  with  navigable 
lakes,  creeks  and  rivers  ;  as  yet  only  partially  peopled,  but  settling  with 
almost  unexampled  rapidity,  and  capable  of  affording  subsistence  and 
affluence  to  millions  of  inhabitants.  No  part  of  America  affords  a  more 
elligible  opening  for  emigrants  than  this.  And  when  the  contemplated 
locks  and  canals  are  completed,  and  convenient  roads  opened  into  every 
part  of  the  country,  all  which  will,  it  is  expected,  be  accomplished  in  a 
few  years,  Albany  will  proably  increase  and  flourish  beyond  almost 
every  other  city  or  town  in  the  United  States.  The  trade  of  Albany, 
indeed,  already  increases  with  great  rapidity.  They  sensibly  feel  the 
good  effects  of  establishments  made  immediately  after  the  peace.  These 
effects  will  multiply  when  the  immense  quantities  of  produce  which  are 
now  sold  to  supply  the  multitudes  of  new  settlers,  (who  wi'l  soon  be 
able  to  supply  themselves)  shall  be  diverted  from  these  channels  and 
sent  to  Albany. 

The  well  water  in  the  city  is  extremely  bad,  scarcely  drinkable  by 
those  who  are  not  accustomed  to  it.  It  oozes  through  a  stiff  blue  clay, 
and  it  imbibes  in  its  passage,  the  fine  particles  common  to  that  kind  of 
soil.  This  discolors  it,  and  when  exposed  any  length  of  time  to  the 
air,  it  acquires  a  disagreeable  taste.  Indeed  all  the  water  for  cooking 
is  brousht  from  the  river,  and  many  families  use  it  to  drink.  But  the 
inhabitants  are  about  to  remedy  this  inconvenience  by  constructing 
water- works,  to  convey  good  water  into  the  city. 

At  Bath,  opposite  this  city,  a  large,  neatly  finished,  and  ingeniously 
constructed  baihin%-house  has  lately  been  erected,  divi  led  into  four 
apartments  in  which  the  visitants  may  be  accommodated  at  pleasure, 
with  a  warm,  cold,  or  shower  bath,  only  by  the  turning  of  a  cock. 

The  public  buildings  are  a  Low  Dutch  church,  one  for  Presbyterians, 
one  for  Germans  or  High  Dutch,  one  tor  Episcopalians,  a  hospital,  the 
city  hall,  a  handsome  brick  goal,  and  the  city  hotel- 

A  bank  was  established  here  in  1794. 


Corporations  and  Associations.  317 


CORPORATIONS  AND  ASSOCIATIONS. 

Such  societies  and  institutions  as  have  changed  their  officers  since  the 
elections  recorded  on  pages  39  to  42,  are  inserted  again. 

ALBANY  EXCHANGE  BANK  — Since  the  demise  of  the  late  president,  a 
change  has  laKen  place  in  the  directory.  Election  Sept  4,  1849. 

John  M.  Newton,  Ichabod  L.  Judson,  John  Taylor,  James  McNaush- 
ton,  Samuel  Pruyn,  Lansing  G.Taylor,  Chauncey  P.  Williams,  Samuel 
Stevens,  George  W.  Stanton  jr.,  William  McElroy,  Oliver  Sleele,  Gaylor 
Sheldon,  Frederick  J.  Barnard,  Thomas  L.  Greene,  Christopher  W. 
Bender. 

At  a  subsequent  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  Samuel  Pruyn 
was  reelected  president,  and  I.  L.  Judson  vice-president. 

ALBANY  CITY  BANK. —  On  the  12th  June,  the  following  gentlemen 
were  elected  directors  of  this  bank: 

Era?tus  Corning,  Peter  Wendell*,  John  Knower,  Watts  Sherman, 
Ellis  Baker,  Bradford  R.  Wood,  William  Seymour,  J.  V.  L.  Pruyn, 
William  Smith,  William  Humphrey,  Eli  Perry,  David  H.  Gary,  Henry 
H.  Mania. 

Inspectors  of  the  next  election— Hiram  Perry,  John  I.  Burton,  Robert 
Thompson. 

BANK  OF  ALBANY. —  The  following  gentlemen  were  elected  directors 
of  the  bank  on  the  8th  May: 

Jacob  H.  Ten  Eyck,  Teunis  Van  Vechten,  William  Walsh,  Andrew 
D.  Lansing,  Benjamin  Tibbitts,  Herman  1'umpnllyj  David  Newland, 
John  Van  Zandt,  Jellis  Winne  jr.*,  Henry  Bleecker,  James  A.  Wilson, 
Duncan  McMartin.  Daniel  Cady. 

Inspectors  of  election  —  Herman  Ten  Eyck,  Christopher  Y.Lansing, 
Richard  Van  Rensselaer.  E.  E.  Kendrick,  cashier. 

COMMERCIAL  BANK  OF  ALBANY. —  The  directory  of  this  bank  consists 
of  the  following  persons  : 

John  Tovvnsend,  John  L.Schoolcraft,  JohnGott,  Giles  Sanford,  James 
D.  Wasson,  Robert  H.  Pruyn,  Andrew  White,  Anthony  M.  Sin/ng 
Anthony  Gould,  Visscher  Ten  Eyck,  John  D.  Hewson,  Alexander 
Davidson,  John  B.  James. 

Inspectors  of  the  next  election  —  John  I.  Boyd,  John  M.Newton 
Charles  B  Lansing. 

MECHANICS' AND  FARMERS' BANK. —  The  following  gentlemen  were 
unanimously  elected  directors  of  this  bank  : 

Thomas  W.  OJcott.  Samuel  S.  Fowler,  Friend  Humphrey,  Thomas 
Hillhouse,  Robert  Shepherd,  Lemuel  Steele,  Robert  Dunlop,  James 
Kidd,  William  W.  Forsyth,  James  B.  Jermain,  Hugh  Humphrey,  Henry 
A.  Newman,  William  H.  Dewitt.  The  last  named  is  in  the  place  of 
Harmanus  Bleecker*,  who,  from  ill  health,  declined  a  reelection. 


*  Since  deceased. 

28 


318  Corporations  and  Associations. 

ALBANY  BURGESSES  CORPS. —  On  the  9th  October  last,  the  following 
were  elected  officers  for  the  ensuing  year  : 

Franklin  Townsend,  captain;  Justus  W.  Blanchard,  first  lieutenant ; 
Hale  Kingsley,  second  lieutenant ;  J.  Baldwin,  third  lieutenant ;  James 
Easterly,  orderly  sergeant ;  Harvey  Tuton,  second  sergeant ;  William 
Burgess,  third  sergeant ;  Samuel  Wilkins,  fourth  sergeant. 

Staff  Officers  —  L.  Benedict  jr.,  quartermaster  ;  W.J.Thomas,  pay- 
master j  J.  F.  Schultz,  surgeon;  William  Davis,  chaplain;  William  H. 
Low,  president;  R.  S.  Handee,  vice-president;  Jacob  C.  Cuyler,  secre- 
tary ;  Stephen  W.  Whitney,  assistant  secretary ;  John  V.  S.  Visscher, 
armorer. 

ALBANY  CITY  MISSIONARY  SOCIETY.  —  The  following  statistics  are 
gathered  from  the  annual  report  of  the  agent,  Rev.  Mr.  Rawson,  of  his 
operations  for  the  year  ending  May,  1849 : 

76  visits  to  the  almshouse;  reading  the  scriptures,  &c.  133  times  in 

different  rooms. 
35  to  sabbath  and  day  schools. 
102  to  the  jail. 
136  to  the  penitentiary. 
257  to  hotels  and  porter  houses. 

56  to  sick  and  other  families. 
102  to  shops  and  livery  stables. 

57  bibles  and  31  testaments  have  been  distributed. 

200  copies  of  Edwards's  Sabbath  and  Temperance  Manual. 

11  funerals  attended. 
69395  pages  of  tracts  distributed. 

And  there  have  been  several  hopeful  conversions,  and  a  number  of 
backsliders  reclaimed. 

ALBANY  COUNTY  MEDICAL  SOCIETY.  —  At  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
society,  held  at  the  Cily  Hall,  November  13,  the  following  officers  were 
elected  : 

James  McNaughton,  president,  John  Swinburne,  vice-president;  Ben- 
jamin A.Sheldon,  secretary;  J.  B.Rossman,  treasurer;  C.  C.  GrifTen, 
librarian. 

Censors  —  P.  McNaughton,  J.  H.  Case,  Howard  Townsend,  N.  G. 
Bigelow  and  D.  R.  Burris. 

YOUNG  MEN'S  ASSOCIATION. —  The  election  for  officers  of  this  institu- 
tion took  place  Feb.  9.  The  canvass  was  conducted  with  much  spirit, 
but  in  a  friendly  manner.  The  whole  number  of  votes  taken  was  696. 
This  is,  with  one  exception,  the  largest  vote  ever  taken  at  an  election. 
The  following  persons  were  elected  : 

William  Dey  Ermand,  president;  Rufus  G.  Beardsley,  first  vice  pre- 
sident;  Edward  C.  C.  Batchelder,  second  vice-president;  William  B. 
Sprague,  third  vice  president ;  Richard  H.  Northrop,  corresponding  se- 
cretary ;  James  T.  Stevenson,  recording  secretary  ;  James  I.  Johnson, 
treasurer;  W.  F.  Pbelps,  George  C.  Lee,  James  A.Pratt,  John  N. 
Culler,  C.  D  Rathbone,  William  D.  Morange,  Joseph  A.  Wells,  A.  L. 
Winne,  R.  Higgins,  L.  S.  Hammond,  managers. 

Debating  Society — William  H.  Greene,  president ;  D.  W.  C.  DeForest, 
first  vice-president;  James  Martin,  2d  do.;  W.  R.Thomas,  secretary. 


Corporations  and  Associations.  319 

ALBANY  FIRE  DEPARTMENT. — The  several  fire  companies  met  by  their 
delegates  (two  from  each  company),  on  the  lOlh  January,  and  elected 
their  officers,  viz : 

Samuel  N.  Payne,  president ;  Baltus  Prime,  vice  president ;  Visscher 
Ten  Eyck,  treasurer  ;  Hale  Kingsley,  secretary ;  John  Morrison,  collec- 
tor. James  M.  Whyte  and  Daniel  D.  T.  Cha'rles  were  chosen  trustees 
for  the  term  of  three  years. 

FIRE  POLICE. —  The  Common  Council  appointed  the  following  gentle- 
men to  the  fire  police,  under  the  law  of  1849  : 

JohnOsborn,  captain  ;  Abraham  Herrick,  Jeremiah  Baldwin,  Terence 
Leddy,  first  ward ;  William  H.  Linberger,  Richard  Dowd,  Alexander 
Waters,  second  ward;  John  W.  Brasier,  John  P.  Russ,  William  Van 
VIeeck,  third  ward;  Augustus  Prime,  John  Jerroloman,  fourth  ward; 
James  Hart,  William  Lockerty,  fifth  ward;  John  Mills  jr.,  Russel  N. 
Hanalin,  R.  J.  Patten,  sixth  ward  ;  Edward  Scully,  Patrick  Ledwick, 
Adrian  J.  Cox,  seventh  ward;  Theo.  Carman,  William  McLaughlin, 
Henry  Teater,  eighth  ward  ;  Henry  Simmons,  ninth  ward;  George  C, 
Scott,  William  White,  John  Stackpole,  tenth  ward. 

ENGINE  COMPANY  No.  4.  —  At  the  annual  meeting  of  this  company, 
Nov.  13,  the  following  officers  were  elected  for  the  ensuing  year  : 

John  B.  Stonehouse,  foreman;  Michael  Reardon,  assistant  foreman; 
Andrew  McFarlane,  clerk;  Andrew  Peterson,  steward;  Frederick  New- 
dorf,  treasurer. 

MOUNTAINEER  ENGINE  COMPANY  No.  5.  —  At  the  annual  meeting  of 
the  company,  Nov.  13,  the  following  officers  were  elected  : 

Charles  E.  Phelps,  foreman  ;  Ariel  Lathrop,  first  assistant  foreman; 
Jacob  Rapp,  second  assistant  foreman;  William  N.  Graham,  clerk; 
George  B.  Wadleigh,  treasurer  ;  Gerrit  Lansing,  steward. 

Delegates  to  the  Fire  Department  —  William  J.  Packard  and  George 
B.  Wadleigh. 

ENGINE  COMPANY  No.  7.  —  At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  company, 
Nov.  13,  the  following  officers  were  elected  for  the  ensuing  year  : 

J.  Tremper,  foreman  ;  I.  Jones,  first  assistant  foreman;  P.Philips, 
second  assistant  foreman  ;  H.  M.  Bundy,  clerk  ;  William  Kingsbury, 
treasurer;  R.  Bygat,  steward'. 

DANIEL  D.  TOMPKINS  ENGINE  COMPANY  No.  8. — At  the  annual  meet- 
ing of  this  company,  Nov.  13,  the  following  officers  were  elected  for  the 
ensuing  year  : 

William  T.Johnston,  foreman;  John  McBride,  assistant  foreman; 
F.  C.  Feeney,  second  assistant  foreman  ;  Jerome  Terry,  clerk;  Samuel 
Templeton,  treasurer  ;  Robert  Bradwell,  steward. 

Delegates  to  the  Fire  Department — S.  Templeton  and  J.  McBride. 

JOHN  RGDGERS'S  ENGINE  COMPANY  No.  12. — At  the  annual  meeting 
of  this  company,  Nov.  13,  the  following  officers  were  elected  for  the  year 
ensuing : 

Baltus  Prime,  foreman;  Thomas  Kearney,  first  assistant ;  George  W. 
Baker,  second  assistant;  James  Buchanan,  clerk;  Thomas  O'Hagan, 
steward;  Matthew  Morrison,  treasurer. 


320  Corporations  and  Associations. 

HIBERNIAN  PROVIDENT  SOCIETY. — Al  the  annual  election  of  officers  of 
the  Hibernian  Provident  Society,  on  the  6th  March,  the  following  persons 
were  elected  : 

Patrick  Grady,  president;  James  Rogan,  first  vice-president;  John 
Seary,  second  vice  president ;  John  Daly,  recording  secretary  ;  John 
Donohoe,  corresponding  secretary;  Richard  Brown,  treasurer;  John 
Hisgins,  John  Purcell,"  Edward  Dnnohoe,  Patrick  Murray.  Patrick 
Fly nn,  Thomas  Kelly,  Michael  McCormick,  executive  committee; 
Patrick  Powers,  Joseph  Clinton,  Henry  Dermody,  finance  committee ; 
Nicholas  Markey,  physician. 

MECHANICS'  BENEFIT  SOCIETY. —  The  following  officers  were  elected 
for  ihe  ensuing  year,  on  Monday,  Auaust  6lh  : 

W.  A.  Carr,  president ;  H  E.  Brower,  first  vice-president ;  S.  G. 
Mink,  second  vice  president ;  J.  A.  Biukbee,  treasurer  ;  R.  S.  dishman, 
secretary;  S.  L.  Hodgkins,  assistant  secretary ;  J.  W.  Hinckley,  phy- 
sician. 

Stewards  —  Henry  F.  Near,  first  ward;  Michael  Delehanty,  second 
ward;  L  G.  Hoffman,  third  ward  ;  Jesse  P  Wilson,  fourth  ward  ;  W. 
A.  Rice,  fifth  ward  ;  John  Voshurgh,  sixth  ward  ;  James  W.  Parsons, 
seventh  ward;  Oliver  Houll,  eighth  ward;  Ed.  C.  Batcheldor,  ninth 
ward  ;  Faul  Cushman,  tenth  ward. 

BOARD  OF  TRADE  — At  an  election  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  held  on  the 
sixth  February  last,  the  following  gentlemen  were  unanimously  elected 
officers  for  the  ensuing  year: 

Arthur  H.  Root,  president;  David  H.  Gary,  first  vice-president ;  Era- 
stus  S  Prosser,  second  vice-president;  James  T.  Stephenson.  secretary ; 
George  M  Sayles,  treasurer;  Oliver  G.  Terry,  Samuel  Cary,  Charles 
W.  Durant,  Lewis  E.Evans,  Lucian  M.  Gilbert,  reference  committee. 

Inspectors  of  election  —  Charles  T.  Smyth,  Horace  Averill. 

ALBANY  EXCHANGE  COMPANY. —  At  ah  election  held  January  8lh,  the 
following  gentlemen  were  elected  directors  ol  this  company  for  the  en- 
suin?  year : 

John  Townsend,  Samuel  Stevens,  Friend  Humphrey,  Rufus  H.  King, 
Andrew  White,  John  Q.  Wilson,  James  McNaughton. 

ALBANY  AND  BETHLEHEM  TURNPIKE  COMPANY. —  At  an  election  of 
this  company,  the  following  persons  were  chosen  directors  : 

M.  T.  Reynolds.  Philip  S.  Van  Rensselaer,  Will, am  McHarg,  Joel 
Rathbone,  John  V.  L.  Pruyn,  Robert  Boyd,  Ezra  P.  Prentice,  George 
Dexter,  Samuel  H.  Ransom. 

Inspectors  —  John  McHarg,  Joseph  T.  Rice  jr.,  Edwin  R.  Herrick. 

ALBANY  AND  SANDLAKE  PLANK  ROAD. —  At  a  meeting  of  the  stock- 
holders  of  this  company  on  the  first  Sept.  1849,  the  following  persons 
were  elected  officers  for  the  ensuing  year  : 

Richard  J.Knowlton,  Gideon  Bulls  and  Samuel  R.  Fox  of  the  town 
of  Sandlake;  Dewilt  C  Deforest  and  James  Dearstyne  of  the  town  of 
Grenibush  ;  John  V.  L.  Pruyn,  William  Smith.  Stephen  B.  Gresory  and 
Archibald  McClure  of  the  city  of  Albany  ;  and  John  Defreest,  Cornelius 
Dearstyne  and  Samuel  S.  Fowler,  inspectors  of  the  next  election. 


Corporations  and  Associations.  321 

ALBANY  AND  SCHENECTADY  RAILROAD  — At  a  meeting  of  the  stock- 
holders on  the  13th  June,  the  followins  gentlemen  were  elected  directors* 

Jnhn  T.  Norton,  Watts  Sherman,  Rufus  H.  Kins:,  G.  Y.  Lansing,  H. 
H.  Martin,  H  Pumnelly,  Augustus  James  anl  Lyman  Chapin  of  Al- 
bany, and  Richard  H.  Wjnslow  of  the  city  of  New- York. 

At  a  subsequpnt  rneetins,  John  T.Norton  was  unanimously  elected 
president,  and  Watts  Sherman  vice-president. 

ALBANY  AND  SCHENECTADY  TURNPIKE  COMPANY.  —  At  an  election 
held  January  2.  the  following  gentlemen  were  elected  directors  of  this 
compnny  for  th.e  ensuing  year  : 

Tennis  Van  Vechten,  Siephen  Van  Rensselaer,  John  J.  Boyd.  Dnvid 
Newlan  1,  John  Tovvn«en;J,  Benjamin  Tibbits,  John  Constable,  Andrew 
E.  Brown.  J.  H.  Ten  Eyck. 

T.  Van  Vechten,  president:  B.  Tibbits,  secretary. 

ALBANY  AND  WEST-STOCKBRITGE  RAILROAD. —  At  a  meetins:  of  the 
stockholders,  the  following  gentlemen  were  elected  directors  for  the  en- 
suing ye^r  : 

M-ircus  T.  Reynolds,  Thomas  W.  Olcott,  Tennis  Van  Vechten,  Friend 
Humphrey,  Lewis  Benedict,  John  V.  L.  PrujB,  George  Dexter,  Samuel 
t>.  Fowler,  William  H.  Tobey,  George  Bliss  and  Addison  Gilmore. 

FORT-HUNTER  AND  ALBANY    PLANK  RoAD  COMPANY. —  At   a    meeting 

of  stockholders,  held  at  Blood's  Hotel  on  the  16th  August,  the  following 
gentlemen  were  elected  directors  for  the  ensuing  year,  viz: 

John  Town^end,  Robert  J.  Hilton  and  James  D.  Wasson  of  Ihe  city  of 
Albany;  Israel  It.  Green,  Silas  H.  M*rsh  and  James  Frost  of  Duanes- 
bnrsh  ;  and  Peter  I.Enders,  David  Johnson  and  Samuel  C.Jackson  of 
Florida. 

GREAT  WESTERN  TURNPIKE  ROAD  —  The  following  persons  are  di- 
rectors of  the  First  Company  of  theGieat  Western  Turnpike  Road: 

Teunis  Van  Vechten.  Gerrit  Y.  Lansing,  John  V.  L.  Pruyn,  John 
Townsend,  Robert  J.  Hilton,  John  T.  Cooper,  Jacob  H.  Ten  Eyck, 
Robert  H.  Pruyn,  Stephen  Groesbeeck,  William  C.  Miller,  John  L. 
Schoolcraft,  James  D.  Wasson,  Andrew  White. 

UTICA  AND  SCHENECTADY  RAILROAD  — The  following  gentlemen  were 
elected  directors  of  the  Utica  and  Schenectady  Railroad  for  the  ensuing 
year  : 

Erristus  Corning,  Nicholas  Devereux,  Nathaniel  S.  Benton,  AlonzoC. 
Paitre.  John  Tnwnsend,  James  Hooker,  Thomas  W.  Olcott,  Marcus  T. 
Reynolds,  Gardner  G  Howlnnd,  J.  Phillips  Phoenix,  E.  T.  T.Martin, 
Livingston  Spraker,  John  Ellis. 

MUTUAL  INSURANCE  COMPANY  OF  THE  CITY  AND  COUNTY  OF  ALBANY. 
—  The  following  gentlemen  were  elected  directors  of  this  company  for 
the  en«uine  year  : 

Erastns  Cornins.  Friend  Humphrey,  Barent  P.  Staats,  Eli  Perry, 
Watts  Sherman,  H^nry  H.  Martin,  John  Knower,  Ellis  Baker.  Joshua 
G.  Cnlrell,  Daniel  Fry,  Giles  Sanford.  Jared  A.  Post,  Artemas  Fish. 

At  a  subsequent  meeting  of  the  board,  Erastus  Corning  was  reflected 
president,  and  Friend  Humphrey  elected  vice-president  of  the  company. 


322 


An  Albany  Merchant's  Stock  in  1790. 


BOARD  OF  SUPERVISORS. —  The  Board,  during  its  meeting  on  the  4jh 
May,  1849,  made  the  following  appointments  : 

Samuel  Pruyn,  chairman;  Jas.  M.  Whelpley,  clerk  ;  Howard  Town- 
send,  county  physician  ;  Alexander  McDonald,  doorkeeper. 


AN  ALBANY  MERCHANT'S  STOCK  IN   1790. 
The  following  is  an  exact  copy  of  the  advertisement  of  an  eminent 
merchant  doing  business  in  this  city  sixty  years  ago.     It  will  be  seen 
how  many  articles  of  that  day  have  become  obsolete,  or  changed   their 
names. 

Robert    M'Clallen, 

No.  10  State  Street,  north-west  corner  of  Green  Street,  Albany, 
H'ss  lately  imported  in  the  Goliah,  Capt.  Jones,  from  London,  a  large 
and  general  assortment  of  GOODS,  suitable  for  the  present  season, 
which  he  will  dispose  of,  wholesale  and  retail,  at  a  very  low  advance, 
viz: 


SUPERFINE,  second  and  coarse 
cloths  with  trimmings  suitable; 

Drab,  mix'd    and    blue  Yorkshire 
Plains  ; 

Black  satinetts  and  lasting?  ; 

Green,  blue  and  drab  Halfthicks  ; 

Scarlet  cloaking  with  Trimmings  ; 

Mixt,  blue  and  claret  twill'd  coat- 
ings ; 

Claret,  red  and  mix'd  plain        do. 
.  2,  2\  and  3  point  blankets  ; 

Striped  do. 

Men's  ribb'd   and  plain  while  and 
black  worsted  hose ; 

Ditto,  striped,  silk  and  cotton  do. 

Blue,  yellow,  green,  red  &c  white 
flannels  ; 

Green,  red  and  blue  broad  baize; 

Drab,  blue,  mixt  and  green  single- 
folded  naps  ; 

Imperial  and  basket  buttons  ; 

Fashionable  and  common  coat  and 
vest  buttons; 

Velvet  and  worsted  toilonette  vestj 
patterns  ; 

Purple  and  garnet  wildbores  ; 

Plain  and  twill'd  olive  velvets  ; 

Corduroys  and  superfine  th'icksetts; 


Durants,  Calimancoes  and  moreens  : 

Brown,  blue  and  striped  camblets  ; 

Irish  Linens  ; 

variety    of    purple   and    chintz 
shawls  ; 

Dark  blue  and  spotted  cotton  hand- 
kerchiefs ; 

Chintzes  and  calicoes  ; 

Black  fring'd  Handkerchiefs  ; 

Men's  and  boy's  castor  and  felt  hats; 

Plated  shoe  and  knee  buckles  ; 

Common  brass  and  steel  do. 

Bar  lead  ; 

Duck  and  Pigeon  shot ; 

Gun  powder; 

London  pewter; 

Dutch  tea-pots  ; 

With  a  variety  of  other  articles. 
Also,  a  constant  supply  of 
LIQUORS    AND    GROCERIES  ; 

Swede's  iron ;  Crawley  &  blister'd 
steel  ; 

Common  rum  ; 

Window  glass,  6  by  8,  7  by  9  &  8 
by  10. 
Pots  and  pearl  ashes,  staves,  and 

other  kinds  of  country  produce  ta- 
ken in  payment. 


Imprisonment  for  Debt. 


323 


Besides  those  enumerated  in  this  advertisement,  other  merchants  men- 
tion the  following  articles,  equally  curious  for  their  names : 
Tammies,  Black  Swanskin, 

Persians  and  Pelongs,  Camlets  and  Camletees, 

Osnabrigs,  Bed  bunts, 

Women's  shammy  gloves  and  mits,  Dowlass  and  Woolen  checks 
Cruel  of  all  colors,  Leather  breeches, 

Black  everlastings, 

Silk  Damascus  and  Lorettas, 

Ticklenburghs, 

Moseens, 

Buff  and  White  Royal  Rib,  excellent 


None-so-pretty  do., 
Plain  and  spotted  Swanskin, 
Faggot  trimming, 
Blue  sagatha, 
Bandanoe,  ^  ^ 

LungeeRomals,     I  g 
Culgee,  I  gj 

Setetersoy,  ^  nT 

Denmark  fancy, 
Pullicat  silk,  I  ~- 

Croncard  muslin, )  </? 


for  Breeches  and  Jackets, 
Buff  and  olive  Cotton  Denim, 
Swandown  Counterpanes. 
Drab  Forest  cloth, 
Printed  Velvets. 


In  a  lecture  delivered  some  two  or  three  years  ago,  by  the  Hon.  Mr. 
Sturges,  of  Boston,  on  trade  and  finances,  he  referred  to  the  singular 
changes  of  the  fashions.  Nankeens,  said  he,  were  once  imported  in 
large  quantities.  As  late  as  1820  there  were  one  million  of  dollars  worth 
imported — now  there  is  none.  In  1806  Canton  crape  was  first  used  ;  in 
1810,  ten  cases  were  imported — in  1816,  there  were  21,000  irfeces  j  in 
1826  the  importations  amounted  to  a  million  and  a  half  of  dollars ;  and 
in  1842  the  article  was  not  imported  !  Yet  the  country  has  lost  nothing 
by  the  caprice  of  fashion,  c.s  our  country  women  appear  as  lovely  in 
ninepenny  Lowell  calico,  as  in  Canton  crape. 

Silk  was  once  imported  in  large  quantities  from  China ;  a  cargo  of 
near  a  million  dollars  worth  was  once  landed  in  this  country,  and  now 
the  whole  yearly  importations  from  China  amount  to  less  than  $100,000. 
Great  changes  have  also  taken  place  in  regard  to  the  pay  of  our  Chinese 
importations.  In  1818,  $7,000.000  in  specie  were  carried  to  China,  but 
now  our  purchases  are  paid  for  in  bills  of  exchange  on  England,  from  the 
proceeds  of  the  opium  trade.  The  fur  trade  was  commenced  in  1787,  an$ 
in  1808  there  were  fifteen  Americans  engaged  in  it,  and  now  it  has 
ceased  altogether. 


IMPRISONMENT  FOR  DEBT. 

The  prisoners  confined  for  debt  in  the  City  Hall,  which  was  the  jail 
also,  celebrated  the  5th  July,  1790  (the  4th  being  Sunday.)  There  was 
an  allusion  to  the  15lh  year  of  American  independence,  and  their  confine- 
ment for  debt.  Their  fifth  toast  was:  "May  the  time  come  when  no 
honest  man  shall  be  confined  for  debt."  The  time  did  arrive,  in  less  than 
ha.lf  a  century,  when  not  even  the  dishonest  man  was  confined  far  debt, 


324  Hudson  River. 


HUDSON  RIVER. 

This  river  bears  the  name  of  one  of  the  early  navigators,  who  united 
invincible  forli'.ude  to  unwearied  assiduity,  and  who  is  identified  with, 
its  history.  "This  noble  river  was  first  discovered  by  Henry  Hudson, 
in  1609,  while  in  the  employ  of  the  Dutch  East  India  Company.  By 
some  it  is  believed  that  he  sailed  up  that  river  as  far  as  the  present  site 
of  the  cily  of  Albany,  in  a  small  vessel  called  the  Half  Moon  ;  but,  it  is 
doubtful  if  any  visions  of  futurity  presented  to  his  mind  the  present  im- 
portance and  colebrity  of  this  beautiful  stream,  bearing  his  own  name." 
It  rises  from  numerous  sources  in  the  Adirondack  mountain  region  of 
Essex  and  Hamilton  counties,  west  of  Lakes  George  and  Chnmplain. 
Its  principal  head  branches  are  the  Adirondack  river,  Boreas  river, 
Indian  river.  Schroon  river  and  the  Sacandaga  river  ;  the  Hoosick  river 
flows  into  it  from  the  east  in  the  county  of  Rensselaer,  and  the  Mohawk 
empiies  into  it  between  the  counties  of  Albany  and  Saratoga ;  from  this 
point  it  is  navigable  to  its  mouth,  a  distance  of  160  miles.  Its  whole 
length  is  320  miles  ;  the  tide  flowing  up  for  about  half  that  distance. 
On  the  upper  part  of  this  river,  justly  celebrated  for  its  varied  nnd  ro- 
mantic beauties,  are  several  picturesque  falls,  of  which  Baker's  Falls 
and  Glen's  Falls  are  the  most  noted.  The  region  of  country  where  it 
takes  its  rise,  was  but  little  known  until  of  late.  In  1836.  the  state 
geologists,  under  an  act  io  provide  for  a  geological  survey  of  the  state  of 
New  York,  commenced  their  operations  ;  since  then  this  vast  wilderness 
has  been  fully  explored,  new  localities  discovered,  and  new  names  given; 
thus  furnishing  a  great  mass  of  information  in  regard  to  the  sources  of 
this  river,  and  the  mountain  region  Irom  whence  it  takes  its  rise.  Here 
are  mountain  peaks  of  Alpine  appearance,  containing  vast  deposits  of 
iron  ore  and  other  minerals,  well  worthy  a  visit  by  the  scientific  admirers 
of  wild  and  romantic  scenery.  In  the  head  waters  of  the  Hudson,  are 
to  be  found  trout,  and  other  fish  of  fine  flavor,  in  great  abundance;  and 
in  its  tide  waters  are  taken  annually  large  quantities  of  shnd,  herring, 
bass,  sturgeon  and  many  other  kinds  of  fish.  From  its  mouth  to  the  city 
of  Hudson,  a  distance  of  116  miles,  it  is  navigable  for  ships  of  a  large 
burthen,  and  to  Albany  and  Troy  for  steam  boats  of  a  large  class. 
When  we  reflect  that  this  important  river  receives  the  tributary  waters 
of  the  great  western  and  northern  hikes,  by  means  of  the  Erie  and  Cham- 
plain  canals,  and  then  commingles  with  the  Atlantic  ocean,  after  pass- 
ing the  Highlands,  the  Palisades,  and  through  the  secure  and  spacious 
bay  of  New  York,  well  may  we  give  it  the  appellation  of  the  NOBLE 
HUDSON  — DlsturnelVs  Gazetteer. 

The  combined  action  of  the  tides,  arriving  in  the  Hudson  by  East  ri- 
ver and  the  Narrows,  at  differei  t  periods,  carries  the  swell  upward  at 
the  rate  of  15  to  near  25  miles  an  hour  ;  and  this  circumstance  clearly 
evinces  a  high  superioritv  of  oceanic  influence  in  the  Hudson.  Swift 
sailing  vessels,  leaving  New  York  at  \oung  flood,  have  repeatedly  run 
through  to  Albany  with  the  same  flood  tide.  The  time  of  high  wstrr  is 
the  same  at  Pollopell  ig'and.  at  the  northern  lin.it  of  the  Highlands,  as 
at  New  York;  at  Albany  it  is  3  hours 30  minutes  later,  where  the  common 
tides  are  litcle  more  than  one  foot.  The  passage  of  this  river  through 
the  Highlands,  without  any  impediment  to  its  navigation,  save  that  of  a 


Books  in  1772.  325 

crooked  though  deep,  and  in  some  places  a  narrow  channel,  is  a  singular 
fact  in  geography,  and  it  affords  a  pleasing  diversity  of  scenery  The 
Highlands  are  ahout  sixteen  miles  wide,  and  their  hi'ls  and  mountains 
present  many  features  of  vast  sublimity.  The  water  is  but  sel-lom  salt 
or  brackish  at  Poughkeepsie,  an.l  water  casks  are  often  filled  below  the 
Highlands.  Much  has  been  said  ahout  exlendins  sloop  navigation  up- 
ward, on  this  river,  above  where  nature  lias  placed  its  limit,  and  im- 
mense sums  of  money  have  been  expended,  to  little  pui pose.  Few 
rivers  roll  down  so  much  alluvial  matter  as  the  Hudson.  ?aj  between 
Waterford  and  the  head  of  ship  navigation,  and  this  alluvion  increases 
with  the  opening  of  the  land  adjoining,  and  the  decrease  of  the  waters  in 
the  Hudson.  While  the  Brutenkill,  Hoosac  liver,  and  the  Mohawk, 
pour  in  their  alluvion,  it  will  be  a  very  hur-l  matter  to  make  the  navi- 
gation better  than  nature  has  made  it.  We  may  remove  a  sand-bar  in 
one  place,  at  the  expense  of  obstructions  in  some  other  place,  but  all  this 
alluvial  matter  will  rest  somewhere.  The  quantity  is  increasing  and 
will  increase,  till  a  different  plan  is  adopted,  which  s>hall  carry  this  allu. 
vion  farther  down  the  river.  This  may  be  done  by  throwing  in  al!  (he 
water  of  the  Mohawk  at  Waterford,  connecting  the  islands  by  piers  or 
moles,  so  as  to  make  as  straight  and  narrow  a  i-hannel  as  may  he.  and 
a  strong  current,  to  the  deep  tide  waters  below. — Spafford's  Gazetteer. 


BOOKS  IN  1772. 

The  literature  vended  at  this  day  seems  to  have  been  confined  to  a  very 
limited  number  of  books  promiscuously  arranged  in  the  caialognes  of 
other  goods.  For  instance,  JOHN  HEUGHAN  of  Sehenrctady.  advertises 
"  Scotch  Snuff,  Tobacco,  Bibles,  Testaments  Spelling  Boiks,  Knives  and 
Forks,  Writing  Paper,  Ink  Powder,  Quills,  Razors,  "&c.  JAMESGOXTR- 
LAY  &  Co  in  Uheapside  street,  next  door  to  the  king's  arms,  Albany,  af- 
ter a  copious  enumeration  of  articles,  arrive  at  "  Penknives,  Pin*,  Bibles, 
Testaments,  Spelling  Books.  Green  and  Bohea  Tea.  Cotton,  Pepper,  Cho- 
colate, Play  ins;  Cards,'1  Miirt  Buttons,  Curtain  Calicoes,  Ink  Powder, 
Knee  Garters,"  &c.  THOMAS  BARRY,  near  the  Dutch  Church,  had 

Pins,  None-so  pretty  of  different  colors,  Testaments,  Spelling  Books, 
Histories,  Black  Breeches  Patterns,"  &c. 

1735,  un  Jer  the  head  of  -Iry  goods,  were  advertised  by  THOMAS  BARRY 
'  at  his  store  near  the  Dutch  Church,"  as  ju>t  imported  from  Europe 
an  I  now  opening  forsale,  Bib'es,  Testaments,  Spelling  Books,  Primers, 
and  Entick's  Pocket  Dictionaries.  Snuff,  Tohacco  boxes  and  fiddle  strings, 
rattmetts  and  shalloons,  best  China  and  love  ribbons,  &.(*.  Jftc.  At  ihe 
same  time  ROHINSON  &.  HALE  advertise  Bibles  with  Psalms  and  Ps-alrn 
books,  Testament* and  Spelling  Books,  Primersand  Pocket  Dictionaries, 
Young  Men's  Companions  and  Arithmetics,  which  are  enumerated  rather 
fantastically  with  red  China  tea  pots,  and  shoemaker's  tools. 


328 


Closing  and  Opening  of  the  Rivet. 


CLOSING  AND  OPENING  OF  THE  RIVER  SINCE  1785. 

From  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Regents  of  the  University. 


Winters 

River  closed  or 
ob.  with  ice. 

River  open  or  free 
of  ice. 

Days 
closed 

Remarks. 

1785-86 

March  23,  1786 

Eight  times  in   the  last 

1789-90 

Feb.    3,  1790 

March  27,  1790 

52  |65  years    has  the   Hudson 

1790-91 

Dec.    8,  1790 

March  17,  1791 

99 

closed  before  the  1st  De- 

1791-92 

Dec.    8,  1791 

cember  ;  nine  times  within 

1792-93 

Dec.  12,  1792 

March    6,  1793 

84 

the  same  space  the  river 

1793-94 

Dec.  26,  1793 

March  17,  1794 

81 

was  open  till  the  first  and 

1794-95 

Jan.  12,  1794 

second  weeks  in  January, 

1795-96 

Jan.  23,  1795 

1 

and  once  till  3d  February, 

1796-97 

Nov.  28,  1796 

In  the  majority   of  cases 

1797-9S 

Nov.  26,  1797 

the  navigation  closed  be- 

1798-99 

Nov.  23,  1798 

tween   the    7th  and  20th 

1799-18 

Jan.    6,  1800 

December.      In   fifteen  of 

1800-01 

Jan.    3,  1801 

the    sixty-five   years,  the 

1801-02 

Feb.    3,  1802 

river  remained  closed  for 

1802-03 

Dec.  16,  1802 

more    than    one    hundred 

1803-04 

Jan.  12,  1804 

April     6,  1804 

84 

days,  and  in  1843,  136  days 

1804-05 

Dec.  13,  1804 

—  the   longest  on    record. 

1805-06 

Jan.     9,  1806 

Feb.     20,  1806 

42 

Theyearsl741,1766,  1780, 

1806-07 

Dec.  11,  1807 

April     8,  1807 

121 

and  1821  are  the  only  ones 

1807-08 

Jan.    4,  1808 

March  10,  1808 

65 

in  a  century  in  which  the 

1808-09 

Dec.    9,  1808 

river  has  closed  over  be- 

1809-10 

Jan    19,  1810 

low  Powle's  Hook,  so  as 

1810-11 

Dec.  14,  1810 

to  be  crossed   on  the  ice. 

1811-12 
1812-13 

Dec.  20,  1811 
Dec.  21,  1812 

March  12,  1813 

83 

In  1842  the  river  opened 
on   the  8lh  January,  and 

1813-14 

Dec.  22,  1813 

was  not  closed  again  du- 

1814-15 

Dec.  10,  1814 

ring  the   winter.      In  the 

1815-16 

Dec.    2,  1815 

year  1806,  it  will  be  seen, 

1816-17 

Dec.  16,  1816 

the    navigation    was    ob- 

1817-18 

Dec.    7,  1817 

March  25,  1818 

108 

structed  only  42  days  ;  and 

1818-19 
1819-20 

Dec.  14,  1818 
Dec.  13,  1819 

April      3,  1819 
March  25,  1830 

110 
102 

the    average    during    the 
the  whole  65  years  is  less 

1820-21 

Nov.  13,  1820 

March  15,  1821 

123 

than  90  days. 

1821-22 

Dec.  13,  1821 

March  15,  1822 

92 

1822-23 

Dec.  24,  1822 

March  24,  1823 

90 

1823-24 

Dec.  16,  1823 

March    3,  1824 

78 

1824-25 

Jan.     5,  1825 

March    6,  1825 

60 

1825-26 

Dec.  13    1825 

Feb.      26,  1826 

75 

1826-27 

Dec.  24,  1826 

March  20,  1827 

86 

1827-28 

Nov.  25,  1827 

Feb.        8,  1828 

50 

about 

1828-29 

Dec.  23,  1828 

April      1,  1829 

100 

1829-30 

Jan.  11,  1830 

March  15,  1830 

63 

1830-31 

Dec.  23,  18301  March  15^  1831 

82 

1831-32 

Dec.    5,  183l|  March  25.  1832 

111 

1832-33|Dec.  2],  1832|March  21,  1833 

83 

Closing  and  Opening  of  the  River. 


327 


1833-34 

Dec.  13,  1833 

Feb.     24,  1834 

73 

1834-35 

Dec.  15,  1834 

March  25,  1835 

100 

1835-36 

Nov.  30,  1835 

April      4,  1836 

125 

1836-37 

Dec.    7,  1836 

March  28,  1837 

111 

1837-38 

Dec.  13,  1837 

March  19,  1838 

94 

1838-39 

Nov.  25,  1838 

March  21,  1839 

116 

1839-40 

Dec.  18,  1839 

Feb.     21,  1840 

65 

1840-41 

Dec.    5,  1840 

March  24,  1841 

109 

1841-42 

Dec.  19,  1841 

Feb.       4,  1842 

47 

1842-43 

Nov.  29,  1842 

April    13,   1843 

136 

1843-44 

Dec.    9,  1843 

March  14,  1844 

95 

1844-45 

Dec.  11,  1844 

Feb.      24,  1845 

74 

1845-46 

Dec.    4,  1845 

March  15,  1846 

100 

1846-47 

Dec.  15,  1846 

April      6,  1847 

112 

1847-48 

Dec.  24,  1847 

March  22,  1848 

89 

1848-49 

Dec.  27,  1848 

March  19,  1849 

82 

NOTES. — 1817-18.  This  winter  was  long  and  intensely  cold.  On  the 
third  of  March,  1818,  the  ice  moved  in  a  body  downwards  for  some  dis- 
tance, and  there  remained  stationary.  The  river  was  not  cleared  until 
March  25th. 

1820-21.  The  river  closed  on  the  13th,  opened  on  the  20th,  and  finally 
closed  December  1.  This  was  one  of  the  four  winters  during  a  century 
in  which  the  Hudson,  between  Powles'  Hook  and  New  York,  was  cross- 
ed on  the  ice ;  the  other  three  being  1740,  '41,  1765,  '66,  and  1779,  '80. 

Jan.  12,  1824.  The  river  was  clear  of  ice  and  remained  so  for  several 
days. 

1827-28.  The  river  opened  and  closed  repeatedly  during  this  winter. 
Dec.  21,  it  closed  a  second  time. 

1830-31.  Opened  in  consequence  of  heavy  rains,  and  closed  again  on 
the  10th  January,  1831. 

1832-33.     Opened  again  January  3  ;  closed  again  January  11. 

1834-35.  March  17.  River  open  opposite  to  the  city.  March  18, 
Steamboat  John  Jay  came  to  Van  Wie's  Point ;  ice  at  the  overslaugh. 

1847-48.     Dec.  24.  River  closed.     Dec.  31.  River  opened. 

As  the  river  throughout  to  New  York,  has  not  always  been  clear  of 
ice  on  the  days  stated  above,  the  time  at  which  the  first  steamboat  passed 
from  New  York  to  Albany  or  vice  versa,  is  also  added  for  a  few  years. 

1835,  March  25. 

1836,  April  10. 

1837,  March  31,  Robert  L.  Stevens. 

1838,  March  19,  Utica. 

1839,  March  25,  Swallow. 

1840,  February  25,  Mount  Pleasant. 

1841,  March  26,  Utica. 

1841,  February  6,  Telegraph.  In  consequence  of  heavy  rains,  the 
river  opened  in  front  of  the  city  of  Albany  on  the  8th  January,  and  can 
hardly  be  said  to  have  closed  again  during  the  season.  The  ice,  how- 
ever, continued  piled  up  some  miles  below,  at  and  about  Barren  Island, 
near  Schodack  Landing,  and  thus  rendered  the  channel  impassable. 
Cold  weather  followed  about  the  middle  of  February,  and  again  ob- 
structed the  navigation.  A  steamboat  arrived  on  the  l?t  of  March,  1842- 


323  Incidents  of  a  Northern  Winter. 

1S43,  April  13.  Utica. 

1844,  March  IS.  11  A.  M.,  Utica. 

1845,  February  24,  steamboat  Norwich  at  1  A.  M.,  from  New  York. 
Left  ihrtt  cily  on  the  22d,  at  8  p.  M.     River  full   of  ice  from  West  Point 
upwards.     Ice  opposite  Albany,  stationary,  except  a  small  portion  that 
broke  away  yesterday  opposite  Lydius  street. 

1846,  March  18,  steamboat  Columbia  and  Oneida  arrived. 

1847,  April  7,  steamboat  Columbia. 
184?,  March  22,  steamboat  Admiral. 
1849,  March  18,  steamboat  Columbia. 


INCIDENTS  OF  A  NORTHERN   WINTER. 

From  the  Albany  Argus 

1848,  January  1.  Weather  mild  and  rainy.  Lake  Champlain  clear 
of  ice 

January  2.  Steamboats  Norwich  and  Columbia  arrived  from  New 
York. 

January  7.  Weather  cold  and  fine  Thermometer  marked  4  degrees 
above  zero.  Columbia  left  for  New  York  at  1  o'clock,  last  boat. 

January  9.  Snow  6  to  8  inches  deep.  Steamboat  landed  mail  at  New 
Baltimore. 

January  10.    Thermometer  marked  zero  at  7  o'clock,  A.  M. 

January  11.  Thermometers  at  Albany,  17  to  IS  below  zero.  At  Am- 
sterdam, 36  below.  Rochester,  8  below.  Troy,  16  below.  New  York 
and  Brooklyn,  3  above.  Boston,  10  below.  Fryburgh,  Me.,  36  to  39 
below.  Franconia,  N.  H.,  45  below.  The  steamboat  Columbia,  which 
left  New  York  the  night  before,  was  compelled  to  return  after  running 
up  the  river  30  miles. 

January  14  and  15.     A  general  thaw.  Weather  continued  to  be  warm 
the  rest  of  the  month- 
February  1.     Four  to  six  inches  of  snow  fell. 

February  2.     Weather  warm  again. 

February  4.  The  steamboat  Columbia  came  within  two  miles  of  Al- 
bany. 

Fdbruary  5.    Snow  fell  to  a  considerable  depth. 

February  6.  Snowed  most  of  the  day.  Steamboat  came  to  Coey- 
mans. 

February  9.     Thermometer  at  zero.    Hudson  closed  to  Newburgh. 

February  11.     Thermometer  at  zero. 

February  12,  Floating  ice  in  New  York  harbor,  for  the  first  time 
this  winter. 

February  19.     Blue  birds  seen  at  Bloomingdale,  New  York. 

February  20.     Heavy  rain  storm  from  the    south. 

February  23.     Steam  ferry  boat  Boston,  crossed  to  East  Albany. 

February  24.  Weather  very  cold  again  ;  thermometer  five  degrees 
above  zero. 

February  28.     River  open  to  Hudson. 

March  3.     Snow  storm  all  day. 

March  9.     About  a  foot  of  snow  fell  during  the  night. 


Opening  and  Closing  of  the  Canal. 


329 


Thermometer  10  degrees  below  zero. 

Thermometer  at  zero  at  7  A.  M.    At  Schenectady  seven 


March  12. 

March  15. 
below. 

March  16  and  17.     Thermometer  at  zero. 

March  18.     Thermometer  23  degrees  above  zero. 

March  21.     Steamboat  Columbia  at  Van  Wie's  Point. 

March  22.     Ice  passed  out  of  the  river.     Steamboat  Admiral  arrived 
at  Albany. 


OPENING  AND  CLOSING  OF  THE  CANAL  FROM  1824  TO 
1349  INCLUSIVE. 

The  following  table  shows  the  days  of  opening  and  closing  of  the 
canal  since  1824: 


Year. 

Opened.            Closed. 

No.  days. 

Year. 

Opened. 

Closed. 

No.  dayt. 

1824.  . 

April  30      Dec. 

4 

219 

1837.  . 

'      20 

Dec. 

9 

234 

1825.  . 

"      12 

5 

233 

1838.  . 

12 

Nov. 

25 

228 

1S26.  . 

"      20 

18 

213 

1839.  . 

20 

Dec. 

16 

228 

1827.  . 

"      23 

18 

241 

1840.  . 

20 

<t 

3 

227 

1828.  . 

Mar.  27 

20 

269 

1841.. 

26 

Nov. 

29 

218 

1829.  . 

May    2 

17 

230 

1842.  . 

20 

C( 

23 

281 

1830.  . 

April  20 

17 

242 

1843.  . 

May     1 

Dec. 

1 

214 

1831.. 

«•      16 

1 

230 

1844.  . 

April  18 

Nov. 

26 

223 

1832.  . 

11      25 

21 

241 

1845.  . 

"      15 

M 

29 

228 

1833.. 

"      10        " 

12 

238 

1846.  . 

"      16 

f| 

25 

224 

1834.  . 

it      17        (i 

12 

240 

1847.  . 

May     1 

Dec. 

21 

234 

1835.  . 

11      15      Nov. 

30 

230 

1848.  . 

"        1 

« 

9 

223 

1836.  . 

11      25        " 

26 

216 

1849.. 

1 

91 

5 

219 

COLD  DAYS  SIXTY  YEARS  AGO. 

On  the  first  of  February,  1789,  the  thermometer  at  noon  indicated 
18°  above  zero,  and  on  ihe  following  morning  at  6  o'clock  was  24° 
below,  being  6°  colder  than  had  been  ever  known  in  the  city.  This 
memorandum  was  taken  from  the  weather  book  kept  at  the  museum 
opposite  Denniston's  tavern  in  Green  street 

On  the  3d  Nov.  of  the  same  year  a  snow  storm  began  at  10  in  the 
morning  and  continued  through  the  day,  the  weather  being  remarkably 
cold,  and  having  every  appearance  of  the  setting  in  of  winter,  a  circum- 
stance not  before  recollected  by  any  of  the  inhabitants. 

On  the  9th  Dec.,  1790,  the  thermometer  indicated  10°  below  0,  and 
the  weather  was  pronounced  colder  for  the  season  than  had  ever  been 
known  before  in  this  city. 

28* 


330      Celebration  of  the  Adoption  of  the  Constitution. 


CELEBRATION  OF  THE  ADOPTION  OF  THE  CONSTITU- 
TION, 1788. 

The  delegates  nominated  by  the  two  parties  for  the  convention  to  de- 
cide on  the  adoption  of  the  federal  constitution,  were  the  following : 


FEDERAL. 

Abraham  Ten  Broeck, 
Jacob  Cuyler, 
Francis  Nicoll, 
Jeronemus  Hoogland, 
Peter  Gansevoort,  jr 
James  Gordon, 
John  W.  Schermerhorn. 


ANTI-FEDERAL. 

Robert  Yates, 
John  Lansing,  jr. 
Henry  Oothoudt, 
Peter  Vrooman, 
Israel  Thompson, 
Anthony  Ten  Eyck, 
Dirk  Swart, 


By  the  returns  from  the  counties  of  Albany,  Montgomery,  Washing-ton, 
Columbia,  Dutchess,  Ulster,  and  Orange,  37  anti-federal  candidates  were 
elected  to  the  convention  for  considering  the  United  States  Constitution. 
The  counties  of  New  York,  Weslchester,  Kings,  and  Richmond,  gave  19 
federal.  The  counties  of  Queens  sending  9.  was  divided.  The  whole 
number  of  delegates  sent  was  67.  In  New  York  the  vote  was  decidedly 
federal;  some  of  the  opposite  candidates  receiving  only  30  votes  and  the 
highest,  which  was  given  for  Gov.  Clinton,  being  but  134.  The  following 
is  the  canvass  of  the  votes  for  the  federal  delegates,  and  will  show  the 
strength  of  the  electors  in  that  city,  at  that  period. 


ANTI -FEDERAL. 

Gov.  Clinton,  134 

Col.  Willett,  108 

William  Dunning,  102 

The  remainder  each  about  30 


FEDERAL. 

John  Jay,  2735 

Richard  Morris,  2716 

John  Sloss  Hobart,  2713 

Alex.  Hamilton,  2713 

Robt.  R.  Livingston,  2712 

Isaac  Rosevelt,  2701 

James  Duane,  2680 

Richard  Harrison,  2677 

Nicholas  Low.  2651 

The  Convention  came  to  a  decision  on  the  26th  July  1783,  yeas  30,  nays 
17;  by  which  New  York  adopted  the  Constitution,  being  the  llth 
on  the  catalogue. 

When  the  vote  was  taken  in  congress  11  states  were  represented  ;  the 
two  members  from  Rhode  Island  were  excused  from  voting,  and  of  the 
22  members  remaining  there  was  but  one  dissenting  voice,  which  was 
that  of  Mr.  Yales,  member  from  New  York — the  other  New  York  mem- 
ber, Mr.  L'Hommedieu,  voting  in  the  affirmative. 

The  city  of  Albany,  not  to  be  behind  her  sister  cities  in  patriotic 
display,  set  apart  the  8th  of  Aueust  as  a  day  of  public  rejoicings,  to 
celebrate  the  ratification  of  the  constitution  of  the  United  Stales  by  the 
Conveniion  of  the  state  of  New  York  Almost  every  trade  and  profession 
seems  to  have  united  in  the  jubilee,  with  appropriate  emblems,  and 
formed  a  truly  imposing  procession,  notwithstanding  the  preponder- 
ance of  the  anti-federal  party  at  the  polls.  A  page  of  the  Gazette  of 
August  28,  is  occupied  with  the  proceedings,  as  follows  : 


Celebration  of  the  Adoption  of  the  Constitution.      331 

Account  of  the  rejoicings  in  the  city  of  Albany,  on  Friday,  August  8, 

1788,  on  celebrating  the  Ratification  of  the  Constitution  for  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States,  by  the  Convention  of  the  State  of  New 

Yorfc. 

At  sunrise,  a  gun  was  fired  to  announce  the  day. 

At  10  o'clock,  A.  M.,  11  guns  were  fired  for  the  citizens  to  assemble 
in  the  fields  near  Waiervliet. 

At  1C4  o'clock,  one  gun  for  forming  the  procession. 

At  11,  the  procession  was  formed,  when  the  whole  line  on  the  march 
saluted  the  Constitution. 

Immediately  after  the  salute,  the  procession  moved,  in  the  following 
order : 

The  Albany  troop  of  Light  Horse,  in  full  uniform,  commanded  by 
Captain  Gansevoort. 

Music. 

The  CONSTITUTION,  neatly  engrossed  on  parchment,  suspended  on  a 
decorated  staff,  and  borne  by  Major  General  ScLuyler,  on  horseback. 

Standard  of  the  United  Stn.tes,  carried  by  Colonel  John  A.  Wendell. 

Eleven  ancient  citizens,  each  representing  a  state  that  had  ratified 
the  Constitution,  bearing  a  scroll  of  parchment,  with  the  name  of  the 
state  endorsed  in  capitals. 

AXEMEN:  ornamented  with  garlands  of  laurels. 

An  elegant  plough,  guided  by  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer,  Esq. 

SOWERS  :  John  Cuyler,  Esq.,  and  Capt.  Jacob  Lansing. 

A  neat  harrow,  guided  by  Francis  Nicoll,  Esq. 

FARMERS  :  neatly  dressed,  with  various  implements  of  husbandry. 

FARMERS'  FLAG  :  Geen  silk — a  sheaf  of  wheat.  Motto — God  speed 
the  plough. 

BREWERS  :  preceded  by  a  dray  carrying  a  butt. 

CARPENTERS  :  preceded  by  a  carriage  drawn  by  two  horses,  on  which 
was  erected  a  workshop  14  feet  by  7  ;  highly  decorated.  The  flag  of 
crimson  silk,  with  a  coat  of  arms.  Motto — We  unite. 

GOLD  AND  SILVERSMITHS  :  preceded  by  a  carriage  bearing  a  Gold  and 
Silversmith's  shop,  12  feet  by  7 — covered  with  a  canopy  supported  by 
pillars  7  feet  high.  All  the  implements  of  art  in  the  shop,  and  three 
artists  and  an  apprentice  industriously  employed.  Flag,  blue  silk  with 
a  coat  of  arms. 

BOAT  BUILDERS  :  with  their  tools  decorated. 

TINMEN  AND  PEWTERERS:  with  implements  of  their  craft  ornamented. 

BLOCK  AND  PUMPMAKERS  :  with  their  tools  ornamented. 

BLACKSMITHS  :  A  carriage,  drawn  by  six  horses,  supporting  a  black- 
smith's shop  14  feet  by  8,  containing  a  forge,  bellows,  and  all  the 
apparatus  of  the  trade,  one  sledge  man,  two  vice  men,  one  clink,  all  at 
work;  who  made  and  completed  during  the  procession,  a  set  of  plough- 
irons,  a  set  of  scythe  mountings,  two  axes,  and  shoes  for  three  horses, 
and  followed  by  master  workmen.  The  flag,  black  silk  with  coat  of 
arms.  Motto — 

With  hammer  in  hand, 
All  arts  do  stand. 

CLOCK  AND  WATCHMAKERS  :  An  apprentice  bearing  an  embellished 
eight-day  time  piece. 


SAIL  MAKERS. 


332      Celebration  of  the  Adoption  of  the  Constitution. 

BARBERS:  handsomely  dressed,  bearing  implements  of  their  craft, 
decorated.  Flag,  white  silk  and  coat  of  arms.  Motto — Honor  and 
Honesty. 

BAKERS  :  properly  dressed,  bearing  implements  of  their  art,  decorated 
—an  escutcheon,  a  lonf  ornamented. 

NAILERS  :  each  wearing  a  clean  white  apron,  preceded  by  a  carriage 
drawn  by  four  horses,  supporting  a  nailer's  shop,  11  by  9— nailers  at 
work.     Flag  blue  silk,  coat  of  arms.     Motto — 
With  hammer  and  heart, 
We'll  support  our  part. 

CLOTHIERS. 

TOBACCONISTS:  dressed  in  white  frocks,  each  carrying  a  hand  of 
tobacco  decorated  with  ribands. 

CARMEN  :  In  proper  dress,  preceded  by  a  horse  and  cart  carrying  a 
hogshead  marked  l^o.  11.  Flag  while  silk,  and  coat  of  arms.  Motto— 
We  hope  to  rest  in  God. 

SHIP  JOINERS  AND  SHIPWRIGHTS  :  With  implements  of  their  art  orna- 
mented. 

RIGGERS. 

HATTERS  :  With  decorated  tools,  preceded  by  a  flag,  carried  by  Mr. 
Solomon  Allen.  Coat  of  arms.  Motto — Success  to  American  Manu- 
factures. 

INSPECTORS  OF  FLOUR. 

MILLERS,  in  proper  dress. 

WEAVERS  :  Bearing  shuttles  decorated.  Flag,  purple  silk,  with  coat 
of  arms.  Motto — Weave  truth  with  trust. 

PRINTERS:  Preceded  by  apprentices,  decorated  with  blue  sashes, 
carrying  volumes  of  newspapers.  A  white  silk  flag  carried  by  Charles 
R.  Webster ;*fn  an  escutcheon,  the  Bible,  the  Constitution,  Sept.  1787, 
Ratification  of  the  State  o!  New  York,  July  26,  1788.  On  a  wreath  a 
hand  holding  a  composing  stick,  proper.  Motto — Our  freedom  is  secured. 

Mr.  Webster,  and  Stoddard*  and  Babcockf,  apprentices,  decorated 
with  blue  sashes,  carrying  quires  of  paper,  &c. 

PAINTERS  AND  GLAZIERS. 

TAILORS  ;  Ornamented  with  yellow  sashes  and  cockades,  wearing 
green  aprons,  preceded  by  Messrs.  Henry  and  Gibson.  A  flag  of  green 
silk,  with  a  coat  of  arms.  Motto — Concordia  parva  res  ere*  cunt. 

COACH  MAKERS  :  Preceded  by  a  flag  of  blue  silk  and  coat  of  arms. 
Motto — Post  nubila  Phozbus ;  followed  by  a  carriage  drawn  by  four 
horses,  on  which  was  erected  a  large  workshop,  handsomely  decorated, 
with  several  men  at  work,  who  framed  a  coach  and  put  several  wheels 
together. 

TURNERS:  properly  dressed,  preceded  by  a  flag  of  pink  colored  silk, 
with  a  coat  of  arms.  Motto — 

We  turn  to  serve  the  common  weal, 
And  drive  the  trade  with  skill  and  zeal. 

MASONS  and  BRICKLAYERS.  :  In  their  proper  dress,  carrying  the  imple- 
ments of  their  trade  ornamented.  Flaff — blue  silk  with  coat  of  arms. 

SADDLERS  antl  HARNESS  MAKERS  :  With  implements  of  their  craft. 
A  flag  of  blue  silk  with  coat  of  arms.  Motto — Our  trust  is  in  God. 

*  Printer  in  Hudson.  t  Printer  in  Lansingburgh, 


Celebration  of  the  Adoption  of  the  Constitution.      333 

TANNERS  and  CURRIERS  :  Carrying  the  implements  of  their  branches, 
decorated.  A  flag  of  pink  silk,  with  coat  of  arms. 

BRASS  FOUNDERS:  Neaily  dressed  in  green  aprons  and  white  cock- 
ades, carrying  implements  of  the  profession,  preceded  by  an  air  furnace 
neatly  constructed. 

COOPERS  :  Preceded  by  Benjamin  Winne,  aged  84  years  ;  on  a  car- 
riage drawn  by  4  horses,  a  cooper  shop,  well  constructed,  ornamented 
with  11  pillars,  each  crowned  with  a  cask  :  several  men  at  work.  Flag, 
carried  by  Mr.  Robert  Hewson,  of  red  silk,  with  coat  of  arms. 

BUTCHERS:  In  uniform  of  white  frocks  and  blue  sashes,  driving  2 
beautiful  oxen,  ornamented  with  ribbands,  preceded  by  music.  Flag — 
blue  silk,  with  coat  of  arms.  Motto — May  we  never  want  fat  cattle. 

CORDWAINERS  :  A  carriage  drawn  by  2  horses,  on  which  a  handsome 
shop,  12  feet  Jong  and  6  wide  was  erected.  In  the  shop,  Mr.  Freden- 
rich  and  several  journeymen  and  apprentices  at  work,  dressed  in  white, 
with  aprons,  yellow  sashes  and  cockades  The  carriage  was  preceded  by 
Mr.  David  Groesbeck  and  Mr.  Anthony  Hallenbake,  and  followed  by 
masters,  journeymen  and  apprentices — Mr.  Matthew  Fryer  carrying  a 
yellow  silk  flag  with  a  coat  of  arms. 

STATE  STANDARD,  carried  by  Major  John  D.  P.  Ten  Eyck. 

GLASS  MAKERS  :  Dressed  in  green,  carrying  various  tools  and  imple- 
ments of  their  profession — globes,  bottles  and  other  specimens  of  their 
manufactory. 

A  BATTEAU  :  Elegantly  painted  and  decorated  ;  on  a  carriage  drawn 
by  two  grey  horses,  neatly  caparisoned,  loaded  with  goods  proper  for  the 
Indian  trade,  navigated  by  a  proper  number  of  batteaumen  furnished  with 
setting-poles,  paddles,  &,c.,  which  were  used  with  great  skill  during  the 
procession.  Mr.  Gerardus  Lansingh,  in  the  character  of  a  trader,  and 
an  Indian,  properly  dressed  and  ornamented,  sitting  in  the  stern.  Dur- 
ing the  repast,  the  batteau  made  a  voyage  towards  the  Mohawk  coun- 
try, and  returned  with  a  full  cargo  of  peltry. 

CAPTAINS  OF  VESSELS:  Preceded  by  Capt.  Philip  Lansing,  carrying  a 
flag  of  blue  silk,  on  which  was  a  sloop  without  sails.  Motto — "  God 
sends  sails." 

MERCHANTS  and  TRADERS,  with  their  clerks,  preceded  by  Mr.  Jacob 
Cuyler,  carrying  a  white  flag,  in  an  escutcheon,  one  ship  inward  and 
another  outward  bound— supported  by  two  sheaves  of  wheat.  Motto— 
May  our  exports  exceed  our  imports. 

The  CORPORATIONS  of  the  Dutch,  Episcopal  and  Presbyterian  Church- 
es, preceded  by  the  Clergy. 

Sheriff  and  his  deputies,  with  white  wands. 

Constables  with  their  staves. 

Grand  Jury. 

Members  of  Corporation. 

Judges  and  Justices  of  Common  Pleas. 

The  Chancellor. 

Gentlemen  of  the  Bar.  in  gowns,  followed  by  their  students. 

School  masters,  followed  by  their  scholars. 

Surveyor  General 

Adjutant  General,  and  officers  of  Militia,  in  complete  uniform. 

Physicians  and  students. 

Detachment  of  Artillery,  commanded  by  Capt.  Lieut.  Hale.  Stand- 
ard blue  silk,  on  which  was  a  field  piece,  mortar,  and  burning  shell. 


Celebration  of  the  Adoption  of  the  Constitution. 

The  PROCESSION  moved  with  the  greatest  regularity  through  Watervliet, 
Market,  (now  Broadway)  and  Slate  street,  to  the  FEDERAL  BOWER 
•which  the  van  reached  at  half  past  twelve  o'clock,  announced  by  the 
firing  of  a  gun. 

This  edifice  made  an  highly  elegant  appearance.  It  was  erected  on 
a  most  advantageous  part  of  the  heishis  west  of  Fort  Frederick  ;  com- 
manding the  most  extended  prospect  of  any  situation  near  the  city ;  and 
when  the  flags  of  the  respective  divisions  were  displayed  on  its  liattle* 
ments,  that  of  the  United  States  in  the  centre,  that  of  the  State  on  the 
right,  and  the  farmers  on  the  left,  the  coup  p'cetZ  was  extremely  pleasing. 

The  edifice  was  154  feet  in  length  and  44  in  breadth,  and  was  raised 
on  4  rows  of  pillars,  15  feet  in  height,  which  were  close  wreathed  with 
foliage  and  composed  of  11  arches  in  front- 

From  the  architrave,  which  was  clothed  with  verdant  branches,  fes- 
toons of  foliage  were  suspended,  which  crossed  the  arches;  above  the 
centre  of  which,  were  white  oval  medallions,  with  the  name  of  a  rati- 
fying state  on  each. 

When  the  procession  had  drawn  up  in  a  line,  at  the  rear  of  the  bower, 
the  company  marched  off,  in  regular  divisions,  to  the  tables,  which  were 
plentifully  covered  with  substantial  American  cheer;  handsomely  ar- 
ranged under  the  direction  of  Mr.  WM.  VAN  INGEN.  And  the  tables, 
which  were  eleven  in  number,  placed  across  the  collonade,  in  a  line  with 
the  arches,  were  by  no  means  sufficient  for  the  company. 

After  dinner,  the  following  toasts  were  drank,  each  honored  with  the 
discharge  of  eleven  guns  : 

1.  The  United  States. 

2.  The  States  which  ratified  the  New  Constitution. 

3.  The  Convention  of  this  State. 

4.  The  Eleventh  Pillar  in  the  Federal  edifice. 
6.  General  Washington. 

6.  The  friendly  powers  of  Europe. 

7.  Agriculture  and  Commerce. 

8.  American  Manufactures. 

9.  Inland  navigation  and  the  Fur  trade  restored. 

10.  The  memory  of  those  Heroes  who  have  fallen  in  defence  of  Amer- 
ican Liberty. 

11.  Concord  and  confidence  at  home,  and  respectability  abroad. 

12.  May  virtue,  patriotism  and  harmony  prevail,  and  discord  be  ban- 
ished from  all  American  councils. 

13.  May  the  union  of  the  States  be  perpetual. 

A  gun  was  fired,  as  a  signal  for  again  forming  the  procession,  which 
was  done  with  the  utmost  regularity  and  dispatch  The  route  then  ta- 
ken was  down  State  street  into  Pearl  street,  and  through  it,  Columbia 
street,  Market  street  and  Court  street,  inlo  a  spacious  pasture  south  of 
Fort  Orange  ;  where  the  whole  formed  a  semicircle.  After  11  guns 
had  been  fired  from  the  Fort,  answered  by  three  cheers  from  the  whole, 
the  respective  divisions  marched  off  at  intervals,  and  as  they  passed  the 
Fort,  received  a  salute  of  a  single  gun,  which  they  returned  with  three 
cheers. 

JAMESFAIRLIE,  Esq.,  was  the  Marshal  of  the  procession.  His 
assistants  were  THOS.  L.  WITBECK,  CASPARUS  HEWSON,  JOHN  CUYLER, 
Jr.,  and  JOHN  BLEECKER. 


Centennial  Anniversary. 


335 


It  may  be  mentioned,  by  way  of  episode,  that  when  the  procession 
reached  Green  street,  a  party  of  ami-federalists,  as  they  were  then 
called,  who  had  collected  there,  made  an  assault  upon  it,  and  a  skirmish 
ensued.  One  of  the  principal  actors  in  the  scene  was  the  late  Mr.  Jon- 
athan Kidney.  A  cannon  had  been  procured,  and  heavily  charged  ;  and 
the  excitement  was  so  great,  trTat  it  would  undoubtedly  have  been  dis- 
charged upon  the  line  of  procession,  had  not  Mr.  Kidney  prevented  it 
by  driving  the  end  of  a  file  into  the  fuse,  and  breaking  it  off.  The  light- 
horse  made  a  charge  upon  the  assailants,  wo  scampered  out  of  the  way. 
The  projecting  oven  of  the  old  Stone  House  was  torn  down  to  furnish 
missiles,  Among  the  wounded  on  the  occasion  was  Mr.  James  Cald- 
well,  who  received  a  brick  upon  his  forehead. 

The  election  of  members  of  Assembly,  terminated  in  the  success  of 
the  anti-Federa!Bparty,  and  seems  to  have  been  the  first  party  struggle 
growing  out  of  the  dissension  on  the  question  of  the  Constitution.  The 
vote  of  the  two  parties  in  the  county  of  Albany,  as  canvassed  by  the 
supervisors,  on  the  27th  May,  1788,  stood  as  follows.  John  Younglove 
seems  to  have  had  the  votes  of  both. 


ANTI-FEDERAL. 

John  Lansing, 3048 

Jeremiah  Van  Rensselaer,  ..  3042 

John  Duncan 2990 

Cornelius  Van  Dyck, 3033 

John  Thompson, 3006 

Henry  K.  Van  Rensselaer,  ..  2911 

John  Younglove 4807 


FEDERAL. 

Stephen  Van  Rensselaer, ....   1953 

Leonard  Gansevoort, 1888 

Richard  Sill, 1877 

Hezekiah  Van  Orden, 1871 

John  Knickerbacker, 1868 

Isaac  Vrooman, 1851 


CENTENNIAL  ANNIVERSARY. 

On  Saturday,  the  22d  day  of  July,  1786,  the  corporation  and  citizens 
of  Albany  celebrated  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  charter  of  the 
city.  ''  At  11  o'clock  the  corporation  convened  in  the  council  chamber, 
at  the  City  Hall,  where  they  were  joined  by  a  great  number  of  citizens  ; 
when  the  bells  of  the  several  churches  began  to  ring,  they  marched  in 
procession  westward  of  the  city,  where  a  number  of  toasts  were  drank, 
under  the  discharge  of  cannon  from  the  Fort." 

The  order  of  procession  was  as  follows  :  1,  The  Sheriff;  2,  Under 
Sheriff ;  3,  Constables;  4,  Mayor  ;  5,  Recorder;  6.  Aldermen;  7,  As- 
sistants ;  8,  Clerk  and  Chamberlain  ;  9,  City  Marshal ;  10,  The  Minis- 
ters, Elders  and  Deacons  of  the  Dutch,  Lutheran,  Episcopal,  Pres- 
byterian and  German  Churches;  11,  Fire  and  Engine  Companies;  12, 
Members  of  the  Legislature,  Judges.  Justices,  and  Counsellors  at  Law; 
13,  Officers  of  the  Army  and  Militia ;  14,  Citizens  at  large.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  above,  we  are  told  that  "  the  countenances  of  the  inhabit- 
ants bespoke  great  satisfaction  on  the  occasion." 


336  Memoranda  of  1784-5. 


MEMORANDA  OF  1784-5. 

In  the  year  1784,  the  post-office  at  Albany  served  for  the  adjoining 
towns  not  only,  as  Schenectady  and  Greenbush,  but  also  for  Orange  and 
Dutchess  counties,  Cherry  Valley,  Pleasant  Valley,  &c.,  and  Vermont. 

By  the  post-office  arrangements,  two  years  afterwards,  the  New- York 
mail  arrived  twice  a  week.  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays,  at  8  o'clock  P. 
M.j  and  two  hours  after  its  receipt,  the  down  mail  was  made  up  and 
forwarded. 

On  the  7th  of  October,  the  Marquis  Lafayette  arrived  in  the  city,  on 
his  return  from  Fort  Stanwix,  where  he  had  been  to  attend  the  Inrlian 
treaty.  On  Friday  morning  he  left  for  Boston,  by  the  way  of  Hartford, 
which  latter  place  he  reached  on  the  following  Monday — a  journey 
which  may  now  be  made  in  about  nine  hours. 

The  city  ordinance  regnlating  the  Ferry  rates,  was  as  follows  : 
For  transporting  every  person  across,  except  a  sucking  child,  2  coppers. 
For  every   man,  ox,  horse  or  cow,       .         .         ,         .         .9  pence. 

do.        Jive  sheep  or  lamb, 3     do. 

do.         dead         do.  .2    do. 

do.        barrel  of  rum,  sugar,  molasses,  or  other  full  brl.,  6    do. 

do.         pail  of  butter,  1     do. 

do.         firkin  or  tub  of  butter,  ....        2    do. 

do.         wagon  and  two  horses, 8  shillings. 

do.        full  chest  or  trunk, 6  pence. 

do.        empty        do.  5  coppers. 

do.        skipple  of  wheat  or  other  grain,  .         .        1     do. 

do.        cwt.  of  lead,  pewter  or  other  metal,          .         .     4    do. 

do.         chaise  or  chair  and  horse,       ....       15  pence. 

do.        saddle  without  a  horse, 2  coppers. 

do.         dozen  pair  shoes  or  boots,      ...        -        2    do. 

do.  do.     steel  traps, 6    do. 

And  all  other  articles  and  things  not  enumerated,  in  the  same  propor- 
tion to  the  rates  above  specified. 

These  rates  were  doubled  after  sunset  until  sunrise;  and  it  was  en- 
joined upon  the  ferry  master  to  keep  at  least  two  boats  and  a  scow,  two 
of  which  should  be  constancy  manned  by  four  able  hands. 

The  health  of  the  city  during  the  winter  of  1784-5,  was  so  remarka- 
ble, that  but  one  burial  took  place  among  the  congregation  of  the  Dutch 
church  from  the  9th  December  to  the  10th  March,  and  that  was  a  small 
child  accidently  run  over  by  a  sleigh. 

On  Saturday  the  30th  April,  1785,  the  term  of  the  Supreme  Court 
ended,  when  Petrus  and  Christian  Cooper  were  convicted  of  robbery, 
and  Christian  Loucks  of  horse  stealing,  all  of  whom  received  sentence 
of  death  therefor.  Two  convicted  of  felony  were  admitted  to  benefit  of 
clergy,  one  whipped  for  petit  larceny,  and  two  discharged  by  proclama- 
tion. The  Coopers  were  hung  on  the  8th  June,  and  died  protesting 
their  innocence.  Loucks  was  pardoned  a  few  days  before  the  time  set 
for  his  execution. 

In  June,  1785,  a  company  of"  stage- wagon"  proprietors  undertook  to 
make  the  land  passage  between  New- York  and  Albany,  "  the  most 
easy  and  agreeable,  as  well  as  the  most  expeditious,"  by  performing  the 


Memoranda  of  1784-5.  337 

journey  in  two  days,  at  3d.  a  mile  ;  but  in  the  fall  of  the  year,  ll  for  the 
ease  of  passengers, "the  time  of  performing  the  route  was  altered  to  three 
days,  and  the  price  raised  to  4<£.  a  mile, ' '  agreeable  to  act  of  Assembly." 
This  made  two  trips  a  week.  No  one  imagined  at  that  time,  probably, 
that  the  journey  would  ever  be  regularly  performed  in  a  single  day.  .  .v, 

Alexander  Laverty,"  tayler  from  London, "advertises  that  "  payments 
•will  be  made  easy  to  those  who  will  please  employ  him."  His  prices 
were,  for  making  a  coat  14s. ;  lapelled  do,  16s. ;  lapelled  with  slash 
sleeves,  18s  ;  vest  and  breeches  6s.  9d. 

The  price  of  bread  in  New  York,  as  regulated  by  the  common  council, 
was  1/6.  l^oz.  for  4  coppers ;  2lb.  5oz.  for  8  coppers.  Fine  flour  24s. 
per.  cwt. 

An  ordinance  was  passed  by  the  corporation  for  the  extermination  of 
dogs,  all  of  whom  were  to  be  killed  in  two  days,  under  penalty  of  £8, 
Which  was  to  be  recovered  for  the  benefit  of  any  person  prosecuting. 

On  the  7th  Nov.  1785,  the  Presbytery  of  New  York  ordained  John 
McDonald  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  and  installed  him  pastor  of  the  Pres- 
byterian church  in  Albany.  He  was  the  last  pastor  who  officiated  in 
the  old  wooden  edifice  then  occupied  by  the  first  Presbyterian  church  near 
the  north  east  corner  of  Grand  and  Hudson  streets. 

The  first  theatrical  performance  in  Albany  was  enacU-d  by  a  company 
from  New  York,  having  gained  permission  "  for  one  month  only,"  from 
"  his  excellency  the  governor."  They  occupied  the  hospital  and  the  first 
play  was  Venice  Preserved,  July  3, 1769. 

Under  date  of  Dec.  5,  1786,  we  learn  from  the  Gazette,  that  "  a  num- 
ber of  carpenters  for  these  somedays  have  been  employed  in  fitting  up 
with  great  expedition  the  Hospital  in  this  city,  a?  a  Theatre."  It  opened 
on  the  14ih  with  Cross  Purposes,  and  Catharine  and  Petruchio  ;  between 
which  was  a  dance,  La  Polonaise,  and  An  Eulogy  on  Freemasonry. 
Tickets  were  to  be  had  at  Mr.  Lewis's  tavern,  as  no  money  would  be 
taken  at  the  door.  Boxes  8s. ;  Gallery  4s.  A  vigorous  effort  was  made 
to  discontinue  these  performances,  by  a  large  and  respectable  part  of 
community,  but  the  common  council  determined  by  a  vote  of  6  to  4, 
that  they  had  no  legal  right  to  prohibit  theatrical  exhibitions  in  the  city. 
A  whole  number  of  the  Gazette  is  taken  up  with  the  controversy,  to 
the  exclusion  of  every  other  item. 

On  the  4th  April,  1786,  an  act  passed  the  legislature  of  the  state  of 
New  York  for  erecting  the  southeast  part  of  the  county  of  Albany  into 
a  new  county,  by  the  name  of  Columbia. 

At  the  July  term  of  the  Supreme  Court,  which  closed  its  session  on 
the  5th  of  July,  Caleb  Gardner,  convicted  of  passing  counterfeit  Spanish 
dollars,  received  sentence  ol  death.  Two  we^ks  afterwards  the  sheriff 
advertised  that  the  persons  then  under  sentence  of  death  in  the  City 
Hall  would  be  hanged  on  Friday,  the  14th  of  September,  and  that  any 
person  willing  to  undertake  the  execution  was  desired  to  apply  to  the 
eaid  sheriff. 


338         Condition  and  Prospects  of  the  City  in  1789. 


CONDITION  AND  PROSPECTS  OF  THE  CITY  IN  1789. 

A  writer  in  the  Gazette  of  this  year  gives  the  following  account  of  its 
condition,  improvements  and  prospects  : 

Every  thinking  man,  who  takes  a  retrospective  view  of  this  city,  and 
contemplates  what  it  was  seven  or  eight  years  aeo,  and  what  it  now  is, 
will  be  astonished  at  the  improvements  in  the  city,  and  the  increase  of 
commerce,  manufactures,  &c.,  since  that  period.  Then  some  of  the 
principal  streets  were  shamefully  neglected,  without  a  pavement  suffi- 
cient even  for  a  foot  passenger  to  walk  on,  without  annoying  himself 
with  filth.  We  have  a  prospect,  ere  another  year  shall  transpire,  of 
seeing  the  principal  streets  not  only  comfortably,  but  elegantly  paved. 
In  addition  to  which,  the  wharves  have  been  repaired  and  enlarged, 
and  the  city  adorned  with  several  new  private  buildings,  which  would 
not  disgrace  some  of  the  principal  cities  in  Europe,  and  would  ornament 
any  in  America. 

At  that  period  a  competent  English  teacher  was  scarcely  to  be  found. 
We  now  havo  an  academy,  which  flourishes  under  the  direction  of  Mr. 
Merchant,  a  gentleman  who  has  always  given  such  proofs  of  his  abili- 
ities,  as  to  render  encomium  entirely  superfluous. 

At  that  period  not  more  than  seventy,  at  the  utmost  calculation,  shops 
and  stores  were  kept  in  this  city.  Now  we  behold  Market  and  State 
streets  crowded  with  stores,  and  rents  in  those  streets  unhat  ced  to  such 
a  degree  as  to  put  houses  out  of  the  reach  of  inconsiderable  traders.  Nor 
had  we  manufactories  of  any  kind,  but  depended  on  importation  entire- 
ly for  every  manufactured  article.  Now  we  see  the  citizens  stimulated 
by  motives  of  public  spirit,  daily  promoting  them.  Messrs.  Stevenson, 
Douw  &  Ten  Eyck  have  erected  a  nail  manufactory,  in  which  nails  of 
every  description  are  manufactured  as  cheap,  and  pronounced  to  be  su- 
perior to  any  imported. 

^Much  praise  is  also  due  to  James  Caldwell,  of  this  city,  merchant,  for 
his  spirited  exertions  in  promoting  the  manufacture  of  tobacco  of  every 
description,  snuff,  mustard  and  chocolate,  for  which  purpose  he  has,  at 
great  expense,  erected  mills  which  are  ranked  among  the  first  in  Amer- 
ica;  and  in  which  every  article  manufactured  is  of  the  best  ingredients, 
and  allowed  to  be  of  superior  quality 

What  a  glorious  prospect  lies  before  us  !  A  thriving  city,  situated  in 
the  heart  of  a  feitile,  extensive  and  growing  country,  possessing  all  the 
advantage*  of  trade  that  can  be  desired,  united  to  the  power  (some 
trivial  inconveniences  excepted)  of  enjoying  those  of  navigation.  Such 
are  the  blessings  which  Nature  has  bestowed  on  us.  And  I  flatter  my- 
self I  am  not  too  sanguine,  when  I  indulge  the  idea,  that  I  shall  live  to 
see  the  day  when  this  city,  adorned  with  every  necessary  public  build- 
ing, and  other  improvements,  will  become  the  fixed  seat  of  government 
of  thp  Legislature;  shipping  of  considerable  bulk,  owned  by  our  own 
merchants,  opening  their  canvas  before  our  wharves,  and  wafting  the 
produce  of  our  country  to  distant  quarters  of  the  globe  :  in  short,  that 
the  city  will  wear  an  aspect  as  different  from  what  it  did  seven  years 
ago,  as  twilight  is  from  noon-day. 


A  "Tobacco  Establishment  of  1790.  339 


A  TOBACCO  ESTABLISHMENT  OF  1790. 

It  is  believed  that  Mr.  JAMES  CALDWELL  was  the  first  great  tobacco 
manufacturer  of  this  region. 

The  editor  of  the  Gazelle,  in  the  fall  of  1790,  gave  a  description  of 
the  recently  erected  tobacco  works  of  this  gentleman,  prefaced  by 
some  laudatory  and  prophetic  remarks  on  the  present  and  future  condi- 
tion of  the  city.  "  While  we  receive  daily  accounts  of  the  progress  of 
manufactures  in  our  infant  country,"  he  says,  "  it  affords  us  a  singular 
pleasure  to  have  it  in  our  power  to  present  the  flattering  prospects  we 
have  of  vieing  in  this  respect  with  any  other  town  on  the  continent.  As 
the  peculiar  advantages  of  our  situation  entitle  us  to  look  forward  to  the 
period  when  a  commerce,  great  beyond  calculation,  must  circiilate  through 
this  place,  we  have  equal  reasons,  from  the  advances  already  made,  to 
anticipate  the  flourishing  state  of  our  manufactures."  Tl.e  establish- 
ment recently  put  in  operation  by  Mr.  Caldwell  is  selected  as  an  in- 
stance of  the  enterprise  of  the  day — the  site  of  which  was  occupied  for 
the  same  purpose,  by  his  partner  and  successor  Mr.  Solomons,  until 
about  twenty  years  ago. 

"  The  buildings  belonging  to  these  works  extend  on  a  line  along  the 
front  about  2UO  leet.  That  part  which  contains  the  machinery  of  the 
mills  is  42  feet  front.  One  water-wheel  of  3£  feet  wide  with  1^  inches 
water,  by  an  upright  shaft  puts  in  motion  the  snuff-mill,  which  consists 
of  4  mortars,  16  rollers,  and  a  snuff  bolt.  A  mustard  mill,  with  2  large 
rollers,  4  mortars  and  stampers  ;  a  charcoal  mill,  with  a  run  of  Mones 
and  cocoa-roaster 5  an  engine  for  cutting  smoking  tobacco;  a  machine 
for  cutting  tobacco  for  the  snuff-mill ;  and  a  larse  grindstone  for  the  use 
of  the  works.  It  likewise  gives  motion  to  an  elegant  colossal  figure  of 
a  man,  represented  in  the  act  of  turning  a  winch,  from  which  all  the 
machinery  apparently  receives  motion. 

"The  tobacco  is  pressed  and  brought  to  the  knife  of  the  cutting  ma* 
chine  on  a  plan  entirely  new,  without  manual  labor.  All  these  works, 
together  with  a  kiln  for  preparing  the  mustard  seed,  are  on  the  first  and 
second  floors.  Any  part  may  be  set  in  motion  or  stopped  without  af- 
fecting the  others.  On  the  third  floor  is  a  kiln  for  tobacco.  Both  kilns 
are  on  a  new  and  improved  construction.  Here  aie  a  number  of  hands 
constantly  employed  in  packing  snuff  and  tobacco.  The  house  for  dry- 
ing and  curing  tobacco  adjoins  the  mill  on  the  west,  and  is  70  feet  in 
front.  The  fire-places  are  constructed  with  such  improvements  as  not 
to  require  one-fourth  the  wood  commonly  consumed  for  the  like  pur- 
poses. The  upper  part  is  occupied  as  a  store-room  for  tobacco.  The 
house  on  the  west  contains  the  tobacco  manufactory  ;  on  the  lower  floor 
of  which  are  nine  complete  presses,  and  a  room  where  the  tobacco  is 
formed  into  rolls,  in  a  manner  never  before  discovered,  without  either 
pins  or  thorns — of  which  invention  the  merit  is  solely  due  to  the  manu- 
facturer. On  the  second  floor  the  spinning  is  done,  where  24  hands  are 
constantly  employed  in  the  various  parts  of  the  business.  There  is  a 
machine  by  which  one  boy  can  turn  for  five  or  six  tables,  and  can  stop 
either,  when  occasion  requires,  without  interrupting  the  rest.  This  last 
improvement  has  been  often  attempted  in  Europe  and  America,  but  hat 
never  before  been  brought  to  the  perfection  it  is  here. 


340  A  Tobacco  Establishment  of  1790. 

"  The  water  is  conveyed  to  the  mills  by  a  trench,  and  from  thence 
passes  off  by  a  subterraneous  conduit,  over  which  is  the  main  road  ;  and 
the  water-wheel  is  so  sheltered  that  neither  can  be  perceived  from  the 
inside  or  outside  of  the  mill.  Besides  these  buildings,  there  is  an  ele- 
gant and  commodious  dwelling-house  and  several  out-houses  belonging 
to  the  manufactory,  all  disposed  in  such  a  manner  as  to  make  a  heauti- 
ful  appearance.  They  are  situated  about  one  mile  from  the  centre  of 
the  city,  and  400  yards  west  from  the  mansion  house  of  Stephen  Van 
Rensselaer,  Esq.,  at  the  entrance  of  the  delightful  valley,  through 
which  a  never  failing  stream  passes,  that  turns  a  number  of  other  mills 
within  sight  of  each  other. 

"Mr.  Christopher  Batterman,*  a  young  man,  a  native  of  Boston,  is 
the  architect,  to  whose  ingenuity  the  plan  of  the  works,  and  the  various 
improvements  in  the  execution  are  to  be  ascribed — as  he  was  solely  en- 
trusted by  Mr.  Caldwell  with  the  construction  of  them.  He  intends  to 
make  Albany  his  residence.  The  snuff  mill  is  in  such  high  perfection, 
that  by  going  only  nine  months  in  the  year,  more  snuff  can  be  produced, 
it  is  said,  than  is  consumed  annually  in  the  northern  part  of  America. 
We  may  add,  without  prejudice  or  vanity,  that  these  works  are  supe- 
rior to  any  thing  of  the  kind  in  America  j  and  give  evidence  of  an  emu- 
lation which  will  in  a  few  years,  in  all  probability,  place  Albany  on  a 
footing  with  the  first  cities  on  the  continent." 

July  12,  1794. — "The  extensive  and  beautiful  works,  belonging  to 
Mr.  Caldwell,  situated  about  a  mile  north  of  this  city,  were  entirely 
consumed  by  fire,  together  with  between  five  and  six  thousand  pounds 
worth  of  stock.  The  whole  loss  is  estimated  at  upwards  of  £13,000. 
The  fire  broke  out  between  the  hours  of  one  and  two  in  the  morning  of 
Saturday,  in  the  chorolate  mill,  but  by  what  means  il  caught,  no  one  is 
able  to  determine.  Nothing  was  saved  of  all  that  range,  but  one  small 
kitchen." 

These  works  were  soon  rebuilt. 

*  He  is  believed  to  have  been  the  ancestor  of  the  Battermans  residing  in  Guilder- 
land  ;  having  removed  to  the  glass-works  after  this  establishment  was  completed,  where 
he  resided  during  his  life,  and  left  a  large  and  valuable  estate. 


Annals  of  Albany,  1849.  341 

ANNALS  OF  ALBANY  FOR  THE  YEAR  1849. 
JANUARY. 

1.  Newyear;  weather  pleasant,  and  sleighing  good Hon.  Ha- 
milton Fish  and  George  W.  Patterson,  Governor  and  Lieut  Governor 

elect,  inaugurated  at  the  Capitol Michael  McKown  died  of  a 

wound  inflicted  by  William  Maxsted,  Dec.  9lh Total  commit- 
ments to  the  penitentiary  for  the  year  ending  December  last,  363  ;  to 
the  jail,  1961. 

2.  Cold  day  ;  mercury  2°  above  zero.  An  alarm  of  fire  in  the  evening: 

an  unfinished  building  slightly  damaged.* The  Governor's  message, 

by  means  of  the  magnetic  telegraph,  was  promulgated  at  the  western 
and  southern  extremities  of  the  state  simultaneously  with  its  being  read 
in  the  Capitol. 

4.  A  convention  of  civil  engineers  met  at  the  common  council  room 
in  the  City  Hall,  to  discuss  a  proposition  for  forming  themselves  into  a 
society The  refectory  of  Adams  &  Welch  entered  by  burglars. 

5.  Dr.  Wing  gave  notice  in  the  Assembly  of  a  bill  for  the  removal  of 
the  Hallenbeck  burial  ground,  corner  of  S.  Pearl  and  Hamilton  streets. 
Benedict  Lewis  died,  aged  66.     John  Paterson  died,  aged  76. 

6.  Peter  Courtright  died,  aged  34 Mercury  in  the  thermometer 

sinking  rapidly. 

7.  Warner  Daniels  junior,  formerly  of  this  city,  died  in  New  York, 
aged  31.     Mrs.  Euphemia,  wife  of  William  Chambers,  died,  aged  31. 
Mrs.  Philo  D.  Lyon  died Rev.  Orville  Dewey,  D.D  ,  having  ac- 
cepted an  invitation  to  preach  for  the  Unitarian  Society  one  year,  entered 

upon  the  duties  of  his  oflice Weather  very  cold,  the  mercury  little 

above  zero  Fahrenheit's  scale. 

8.  Ice  on  the  river  one  foot  in  thickness:     By  means  of  a  temporary 
bridge  on  to  it  at  the  foot  of  State  street,  an  uninterrupted  and  safe 
communication  is  formed  with  East  Albany. 

9.  Willian  Bradley  Cole,    a   printer,  from  Albany,  died  at  Nassau, 

Bahama  Islands,  aged  27 Nineteen  paintings  and  sixteen  Allston 

and   Stewart  medals,    prizes  allotted    to  the  Albany  members  of  the 
American  Art  Union,   arrived,  and  were  exhibited  at   Little  &.  Co.'s 

Bookstore Alderman  Jenkins  reported  the  following  schedule  of 

the  state  of  the  City  Railroad  Sinking  Fund,  viz  :  Amount  of  sinking 
fund,  Jan.  1,  1849,  $231,597-38.     Loaned  on  bonds  and  mortgages  on 
property  in  the  ciiy,  $209,617-005  city  stock,  $20,000-00;  cash  in  bank. 
$1980-38. 

10.  The  corporation  directed  application  to  be  made  to  the  legislature 
for  a  law  to  designate  the  place  of  landing  and  departure  of  steamboats. 

»Dr.  Fay,  the  almshouse  physician,  reported,  that  during  the  last 

three  months,    183  inmates  required  medical  treatment,   122  of  whom 

\vere  cured,  15  died,  and  46  are  still  under  treatment Receipts  of 

the  Albany  &  Boston  Railroad  Company  over  those  of  last  year,  $6000. 

11.  Aggregate  valuation  of  the  real  estate  in  the  city,  $8,209,957-00; 
personal,   $2,729,881-00;  total,  $10,939.838-00.     Amount  of  taxes  as- 

29 


342  Annals  of  Albany,  1849. 

sessed  for  city  purposes,  $172,079'34;  for  county  purposes,  $71,463-10; 
total,  $243,542-44.     Incorporated  companies  pay  taxes  on  $2,004, 634'86  ; 

private  individuals,  $725,24698  j  total,  $2,729,881-84 Meeting  of 

the  Society  for  the  relief  of  the  poor,  held  in  the  Middle  Dutch  Church. 

Amount  of  profits  received  at  St.  Vincent's  Orphan  Fair,  held  by 

the  Sisters  of  Charity,   $3144.64 The  coldest  day  yet;  mercury 

ranging  from  8  to  12°  below  zero Dorothea,  wife  of  Capt.  James 

Wilson,  died,  aged  35. 

12.  Amos  Pilsbury  reappoinfed  superintendent  of  the  Penitentiary  for 
three  years;  and  William  W-  Forsyth  and  Samuel  Pruyn  of  the  city,  and 
Gilbert  J.  Van  Zandt  of  Watervliet,  chosen  directors  for  the  same  term. 

The  death  of  Rev.  Noah  Levings,  D.D.,   former  pastor  of  the 

M.  E.  C.  in  Division  street,  was  announced  by  telegraph The 

store  of  H.  D.Hawkins  in  Exchange  street,  and  Griffin's  eating  house 
in  Green  street,  were  entered  by  burglars. 

13.  Louisa,  wife  of  W.  W.  Van  Zandt,  and  daughter  of  W.  Dowd, 

died,  aged  27 The  Albany  California  Company  left  New  York  in 

the  ship  Tarolinta Telegraph  not  in  operation The  gun- 
smith shop  of  W.  I.  &  R.  H.  Scott,  in  Beaver  street,  was  partially  injured 
by  fire. 

14.  Sarah  E.  Ford  died,  aged  25 Change  of  weather,  resulting 

in  a  January  thaw. William  Hill,  a  newsboy,  fell  through  the  ice, 

but  was  rescued  alive. 

15.  Hon.  D.  D.  Barnard  delivered  an  address  in  the  court  room  at  the 
City  Hall,  on  the  Life  and  Character  of  the  late  Chief  Justice  Ambrose 
Spencer The  weather  moist  throughout  the  day,  and  rain  at  in- 
tervals. 

16.  The  streets  and  sidewalks  covered  by  a  thick  coating  of  ice. 

17.  Cynthia,  wife  of  Brunson  A.  Baldwin,  died,  aged  25, Prof. 

Emmons  delivered  an  address  on  Agricultural  Science,  in  the  assembly 

chamber,  before  the  Slate  Agricultural  Society John  B.  Gough 

lectured  before  the  State  Temperance  Convention Patrick  Coyle, 

Michael  Flood  and  Peter  Halpen  were  killed  by  gas  escaping  from  a 
pipe  which  they  were  repairing.     Coyle  was  injured  by  the  rope  with 
which  he  was  lowering  himself  with  intent  to  relieve  the  other  two. 

18.  Fire  among  the  wooden  tenements  on  Quay,  between  Steuben  and 

Columbia  streets;  several  of  them  burned Richard  Mochrie,  an 

old  inhabitant  of  the  city,  found  dead  in  his  bed Concert  for  the 

benefit  of  the  Mission  Sabbath  School,  held  in  Dr.  Campbell's  Church, 
Pearl  street. 

19.  Nathaniel  R.  Packard  died,  aged  64 A  fire  broke  out  in  the 

block  known  as  the  Lumbermen's  Exchange,  at  the  Little  Basin,  and 
consumed  a  part  of  it. 

20.  James  McGrath  junior  died,  aged  28. 

21.  Trinity  Church,  in  Broad  street,  opened  for  divine  service. 

22.  Christian  Mary  St.  John  died,  aged  33., Alarm  of  fire  caused 

by  the  burning  of  a  small  frame  building  near  Troy  Iron  works. 

23.  Frederick  Fink,  a  well  known  artist  of  this  city,  died  at  his  fa- 
ther's residence  at  Liltlefalls.      Lewis  Farnham  died,  aged  23 

Commencement  of  the  Albany  Medical  College  held  :  number  of  students 
about  100,  of  whom  20  graduated,  receiving  the  degree  of  M.  D.     Va- 
ledictory address  by  Dr.  Armsby. 


Annals  of  Albany,  1849.  343 

24.  James  McCulloch  died.       Lawrence  Courtright  died,   aged  38. 
....  Six  large  buildings  on  the  south  side  of  Washington  street,  occupied 
as  dwellings  and  storehouses,  were  burnt. 

25.  Hardware  store  of  Daniel  Fry  entered  by  burglars,  who  obtained 

about  one  dollar  in  silver  for  their  labor Rev.  Dr.  Halley,  of  Troy, 

delivered  a  lecture  on  the  k<  Probability  of  the  planetary  and  stellar  orbs 
being  inhabited,"    before   the  Young  Men's  Association,    in   the  First 

Presbyterian  Church Mrs.  Elizabeth  Blake  died,  aged  24.  George 

McKenzie  died,  aaed62 Passengers  by  the  Housatonic  route,  who 

left  New  York  at  8  A.  M.,  arrived  in  the  city  at  5  p.  M. 

26.  Weather  quite  mild  for  the  season Mrs.  Barbara  Hamburgh 

died,  aged  45.     Elizabeth  McHarg,  sister  of  the  late  John  P.  McHarg, 
died  at  Bethlehem,  aged  76.     John  C.  Ostrander,  formerly  of  Albany, 
died  at  Boonville,  Missouri,  aged  45. 

27.  William  Osborn  arrested  on  a  charge  of  setting  fire  to  a  building 
in  Washington  street :  subsequently  convicted. 

28.  Wells  S.  Hammond,  esquire,  of  Cherry  Valley,  son  of  Hon.  Jabez 
D.  Hammond,  died  suddenly  at  Stanwix  Hall  in  this  city. 

30.  An  alarm  of  fire  occasioned  by  the  bursting  of  a  camphene  lamp, 
Corner  of  South  Pearl  and  Nucella  streets. 

31.  Catherine  O'Connor  died.     Child  of  Mrs.  David  Groesbeck  died 
in  consequence  of  failing  into  hot  water. 

FEBRUARY,  1849. 

1.  Catharine,  wife  of  Conrad  Van  Alen,  died., Caucus  was  held 

in  the  assembly  chamber  at  the  Capitol :  nominated  Hon.  William  H- 
Seward  for  U.  S.  senator,  in  the  place  of  Hon.  John  A.  Dix. 

2.  James  Sayles's  porter-house,  in  William  street,   was  entered  by 
burglars William  Rennie  drowned. 

4.  Jason  Rudes  died,  aged  74.     Prudence,  wife  of  James  Kelly,  died. 

5.  Cornelius  Lynch  died,  aged  35. 

6.  Ship  Robert  Bowne  sailed  from  New  York  for  California,  with 
twenty  miners  from  Albany  on  board The  New  York  State  Medi- 
cal Society  met  in  the  Capitol.     A.  H.  Stevens,  M.  D.,  of  N.  York,  was 
reflected    president ;  and   nearly  all  the  other  oflicers,  also,  were  re- 
elected Christopher  Keeler  died,  aged  83. 

7.  Sale  of  the  medical  library  of  the  late  Dr.  Eights. 

8.  Election  of  officers  of  the  Young  Men's  Association  for  the  ensuing 
year. 

9.  Isaac  Ward,  father  of  J.  C.  Ward,  died. 

10.  The  store  of  Philip  Dunn,  in  State  street,  was  robbed  of  about 
$140:  the  robbers  escaped. 

12.  Amos  S.  Fassett,  late  of  this  city,  died  at  Vienna,  Oneida  county. 

The  house  of  Henry  Switzer,  87  Herkimer  street,  was  entered 

and  robbed  of  several  articles  of  ladies'  wearing  apparel,  &.c. 

13.  The  Governor  announced  to  the  Legislature  the  donation  of  the 
late  Pope  Gregory  to  the  State  Library,    through  M.  Vattemare  and 
Bishop  Hughes,  in  return  for  a  copy  of  the  Natural  History  of  the  State 
transmitted  to  him.     The  donation  includes  engravings,  &c.,  executed 
by  the  best  masters. 


344  Amials  of  Albany,  1849. 

14.  At  the  suggestion  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  the  Legislature  took 
some  incipient  steps  for  the  publication  of  the  documents  illustrative  of 
the  early  history  of  the  State,  collected  in  England,  France  and  Holland, 

in  1839 The  winter   exhibition  of  the  Albany  and  Rensselaer 

Horticultural  Society  was  held  at  the  State  Agricultural  Rooms,  State 
street. 

15.  Francis  Fiske  died A  pair  of  oxen  from  Wyoming  county, 

weighing  nearly  5000  pounds,  were  exhibited  and  purchased  by  Mr.  D. 
D.  Shaw. 

16.  Thermometer,  at  5^  A .  M.,  at  1 1°  below  zero .Mrs.  Frances 

Maria,  wife  of  Mr.  James  R.  Whyte,  died,  aged  53. 

18.  John  Topp  died,  aged  49.     William  Kane  died,  aged  75. 

19.  Mrs.  Sally  White  died,  aged  58 Mr.  C.  Leach,  of  Eaton, 

Madison  county,    sold,    at  Warford's  cattle  exchange,  three  oxen  for 

Brighton  market,  weighing  over  2200  Ibs.  each,  at  $9  per  hundred 

Dry  goods  store  of  Henry  T.  Mesick,  68  Washington  street,  was  broken 
open,  and  goods  to  the  value  of  $300  stolen. 

20.  Jellis  Winne  junior,  cashier  of  the  Bank  of  Albany,  resigned  his 
office  on  account  of  ill  health. 

21.  Nathaniel  Tarbell,  aged  about  37,  was  killed  on  the  Troy  road, 
near  the  city,  by  the  upsetting  of  the  stage  coach  of  which  he  was  driver. 

22.  Washington's  birthday  celebrated.     Members  of  the  Legislature, 

and  several  Albanians,  partook  of  an  annual  dinner  at  Troy Mrs. 

Ann  Lydiott  died. 

23.  Mrs.  James  Teelin  of  37  Washington  street,  with  two  others,  was 
assaulted  in  the  street,  and  robbed  of  a  purse  containing  a  small  sum 
of  money. 

24.  Four  inches  of  snow  fell  during  the  night Mr.  Jennings,  in 

Green  street,  exhibited  a  hog  weighing  949  Ibs.  dressed. 

25.  The  house  near  the  Railroad  Depot,  known  as  Duff's  Broadway 
House,  was  totally  destroyed  by  fire,  the  inmates  barely  escaping.     A 
neighboring  house  or  two  was  injured. 

27.  Streets  covered  with  ice  and  remnants  of  snow  heaps  :  walking 

bad.. House  of  Mr.  Traver,  in  Lodge  street,  robbed  of  a  large 

quantity  of  wearing  apparel  and  some  silver  plate Thomas  Lig- 

gins,  confined  for  grand  larceny,  made  an  unsuccessful  attempt  to  break 
jail. 

28.  The  ladies  of  the  Universalist  Society  held  a  tea  party,  for  the 
benefit  of  the  funds  of  their  church. 

MARCH,  1849. 

1.  Dr.  Pierce,  of  Brookline,  Mass.,  the  oldest  graduate  of  Harvard 
College,  delivered  a  discourse  in  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  on  the 

life  and  character  of  John  Quincy  Adams David  Schwartz  died, 

aged  73. 

2.  A  valuable  silver  watch,  with  15  or  $20  in  money,  was  stolen  from 
the  house  67  Van  Woert  street. 

3.  C.  P.  Williams  &  Go's  lumber  office,  a  large  quanty  of  lumber, 

and  several  valuable  houses  adjoining,  were  destroyed  by  fire 

Mrs.  Leslie,  corner  of  Lumber  and  Water  streets,  was  safely  delivered 
of  four  children,  since  dead. 


Annals  of  Albany,  1849.  345 

4.  Betsey,  wife  of  Samuel  Steele,  died,  aged  60.      Mrs.  Catharine 
Hart  died,  aged  37.     Catherine,  wife  of  Adam  Stewart,  died,  aged  30. 

5.  Inaugural  address  of  President  Taylor  received  by  telegraph 

The  directors  of  the  Albany  Savings  Bank  reported  $707,595'62  as  the 

amount  of  its  deposils.  most  of  which  is  in  sums  less  than  $100 

Ann  Alida,  wife  of  Col.  De  Russy,  died  atFortress  Munroe,  after  a  short 
illness,  aged  about  40.     This  lovely  woman,  says  a  correspondent  of  the 
Evening  Post,  was  the  daughter  of  Isaac  Denniston,  esquire,  of  Albany, 
and  as  amiable  as  she  was  lovely.     No  one  acquainted  with  the  society 
of  that  city  about  twenty  years  since,  can  have  forgotten  how  much  this 
lady  was  admired  ;  nor  how,  with  two  other  ladies,  connections  of  her 
family,  equally  beautiful,  though  of  differing  styles  of  beauty,  she  was  a 
grace  that  attracted  universal  homage.     It  was  not  often  that  so  much 
personal  elegance  could  be  found  in  such  close  affinity.     With  a  refined 
taste,  a  Jove  of  letters,  and  a  more  than  ordinary  talent,  this  lady  was  the 
''  cynosure  of  every  eye.:;    And  now  that  she  has  passed  away  from  the 
friends  who  loved  her, and  the  circle  she  adorned,  we  call  to  mind,  with 
the  deepest  emotion,  those  virtues,  talents  and  attractions,  which  made 
the  morning  of  life  so  brilliant ;  which  drew  around  her  in  after  years 
the  most  devoted  friends,  and  now  enshrine  her  memory  in  hearts  where 
her  living  image  was  ever  present. 

7.  Ice  in  the  river  said  to  be  yet  nearly  three  feet  in  thickness 

A.  J.  Winters,  a  grocer  from  Albany,  was  killed  in  attempting  to  get 
into  the  cars  at  Rome,  Oneida  county. 

9.  Jacob  Featherly  died,  aged  25.  Hannah,  wife  of  Stephen  Parsons, 
died  at  New-Baltimore,  agel  90. 

11.  James  H.  Crane  died. 

12.  Christina,  wife  of  Oliver  H.  Perry,  died,  aged  28.      George  H. 

Scrafford  died,  aged  37.     Thomas  Dutson  died,  aged  63 A  canal 

was  cut  through  the  ice  to  East  Albany,  for  the  use  of  the  Boston  and 
Albany  ferry  boat. 

13.  Mrs.  Sylvester  Topping  died Weather  quite  spring-like. . . 

A  baker's  sleigh,  with  two  men  and  other  loading,  fell  through  the  ice: 
recovered. 

14.  Mrs.  N.  S.  Washburn  died.     Mrs.  Margaret  Rankin,  wife  of  John 
Ogden  Dey,  formerly  from  Albany,  died  at  Oakwood  farm  near  Cayuga 

Bridge,  aged  47 A  canal  cut  through  the  ice,  for  the  use  of  the 

Bath  ferry  boat. 

16.  Curtis  Ware,  aged  37,  died. 

17.  Steamer  Columbia,  Capt.  Hulse,  arrived  about  11  P.M.,  making 
her  way  through  the  ice  ;  the  first  boat  since  the  closing  of  the  river  in 

December High  Mass  said  in  St.  Mary's  Church,  in  honor  of  St. 

Patrick's  anniversary Mrs.  Mary  Ann  McGarvey  died,  aged  45. 

19.  Steamer  Columbia  left,  heavily  laden  with  passengers  and  freight 
Peter  McKenna  died,  aged  80. 

20.  James  Branion  died  of  consumption,  aged  17.      Mrs.  Ann  Groot 
died  in  her  60th  year. 

21.  The  ice  from  the  Mohawk  floated  past  the  city Steamer 

Oregon  came  to  the  new  landing  place  ;  her  first  trip  since  the  closing 

of  navigation Sloop  Miriam  of  Albany,  Capt.  Johnson  (a  colored 

man),  arrived  from  New  York  in  17  hours Miss  N.  C.  Brainard 

died.     Grace,  wife  of  William  Kennedy,  died. 


346  Annals  of  Albany,  1849. 

22.  Steamer  Baltic,  of  Schuyler  &  Co.'s  line,  with  the  Trojan,  be- 
longing  to  Durant,  Lathrop  &  Co.,  each  with  several  boats  in  tow,  left 

for  New  York Steamer  Isaac  Newton  arrived,  the  second  boat 

through The  Evening  Journal  entered  its  twentieth  year 

Washington  Hunt  inaugurated  as  Comptroller. 

23.  Martin  Van  Alstyne,  for  many  years  a  successful  hardware  mer- 
chant in  the  city,  died,  aged  65 At  the  meeting  held  at  the  City 

Hall,  to  take  into  consideration  the  frauds  of  the  Canal  Bank,  Teunis 
Van  Vechten  was  chairman. 

24.  John  I.  Burton,  aged  24,  died.     Michael  Daley  was  found  dead  in 
the  street,  having,  in  a  fit  of  delirium,  sprung  from  the  second  story 
window  of  his  house. 

25.  A  wall  in  Liberty  street,  standing  since  the  late  fire,  was  blown 

down,  damaging  several  adjoining  buildings Deborah,  wife  of 

John  Burton,  died,  aged  66. 

26.  A  bill  to  establish  a  hospital  in  Albany  passed  the  lower  house: 
question  still  pending  in  the  Senate At  the  request  of  the  super- 
visors, the  Legislature  has  recently  abolished  ward  assessors,  and  sub- 
stituted a  board  of  three  individuals Mr.  John  Hermans  died  in 

the  29th  year  of  his  age.     John  Van  Ness  junior  died. 

27.  Mary  Bard,  wife  of  R.S.  Warren,  died,  aged  32 Mr.  Saxton 

lectured  on  California  in  the  Assembly  Chamber. 

28.  Jonathan  Kidney,  a  soldier  of  the  revolution,  and  one  of  the  oldest 
inhabitants  of  the  city,  died.  ......  The  boats  from  New  York  were 

greatly  impeded  by  a  severe  wind  storm. 

29.  Rev.  Stephen  Bush  and  wife,  from  this  city,  as  missionaries  to 
Siam,  arrived  at  Batavia.  Island  of  Java,  in  98  days. 

31.  A  machine  for  sewing  and  stitching  was  exhibited  at  the  Mansion 

House The  finance  committee  of  the  Common  Council  reported 

that  the  city  debt,  on  the  first  of  May  last,  was  $877,896  00. 

APKIL,  1849. 

2.  James  Masters,  of  Rochester,  had  his  pocket  picked  at  the  Western 

Railroad  Depot A  barn  and  stable  in  Orange  street,  belonging  to 

Mr.  H.  Simons,  were  burned. 

3.  Hannah  Beekman,  widow  of  Peter  Douw  Beekman,  died,  aged  83. 

The  Canal  Board  announced  a  reduction  in  the  rate  of  tolls  on 

corn,  bloom  iron,  &c A  destructive  fire  occurred,  which  burned 

about  ten  houses  on  Water  and  Colonie  streets. 

4.  Henry  Williams  died,  aged  69 The  Common  Council  appro- 
priated $100  for  an  alarm  bell  at  the  Little  Basin Mr.  Bokee,  of 

the  Senate,  reported  favorably  on  the  bill  for  the  removal  of  the  Hallen- 

beck  burial  ground The  Legislature  passed  an  act  in  relation  to 

the  basin  expenses. 

5.  Mary  Ann,  wife  of  Andrew  D.  Kirk,  died About  25  houses 

in  North  Lansing  and  Montgomery  streets  were  destroyed  by  fire 

The  grand  jury  came  into  court  with  twenty  indictments,  four  sealed... 
A  prisoner  (Bill  Barry)  made  an  unsuccessful  attempt  to  break  jail.. . . 
The  ladies  of  the  boatmen  who  worship  at  the  Bethel  presented  their 
pastor,  Rev.  John  Miles,  with  a  rich  bedquilt. 


Annals  of  Albany,  1849.  347 


P6.  Mary  Ann,  wife  of  Alexander  Thompson,  died,  aged  19 
—  Easterbrook,  from  Albany,  attempted  to  shoot  his  wife,  and  after- 
wards himself,  at  the  Howard-street  Hotel,  New  York An  attempt 

was  made  to  fire  the  carpenter  shop  in  Montgomery  street,  opposite  the 

Bethel A  woman,  name  not  ascertained,  was  found  dead  near  the 

Delaware  turnpike  :  verdict  of  the  jury,  intemperance. 

7.  The  city  gave  the  members  of  the  Legislature  a  complimentary 

dinner  at  Congress  Hall Samuel  Gould,  a  colored  fireman  on  board 

the  lolas,  was  killed  while  repairing  the  waterwheel. 

8.  The  South  Baptist  Church,  corner  of  Franklin  &.  Herkimer  streets, 
formerly  owned  by  the  Trinity  Church,  was  opened  for  divine  service 

under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  Mr.  Wines The  scholars  under 

the  care  of  Miss  Brainard,  at  Bethel  Jacob,  the  Jewish  synagogue  in 

Fulton  street,  held  an  exhibition George  W.  Stanton,  president  of 

the  Exchange  Bank,  ditJ,  aged  69.     Rensselaer  Van  Schelluyne  died, 
leaving  an  elder  brother   the  last  male  descendant  of  an  ancient  and 
wealthy  family. 

9.  The  public  charity  of  the  city  treasury  for  coal,  &c.,  delivered  to 

the  poor,  was  $3102'87  ;  less  by  $1816'42  than  last  year Warren 

Low,  at  the  machine  shop  of  C.  Van  Benthuysen,  was  carried  up  to  the 
ceiling  by  the  belt,  and  much  injured. 

10.  Edward  M.  Teall  died.    Adelaide  M.,  wife  of  Jason  Collier,  died. 
.......  City  election,  resulting  in  the  choice  of  the  whig  candidate  for 

mayor,  Friend  Humphrey. 

12.  John  R.  Black  died,  aged  78.     Eleanor  A.,  wife  of  Reuben  Wil- 
son, died,  aged  21 Several  counterfeiters  arrested  by  officer  Co- 
well.     Postmaster   Wasson,  and   an   agent  of    the  General  Post-office 
identified  a  young  man  in  Waterford  as  the  robber  of  the  northern  mail, 

who  was  committed  to  jail House  No.  91  Hamilton  street  was 

robbed  of  some  wearing  apparel An  alarm  of  fire,  caused  by  a 

large  conflagration  at  Troy Two  horses  before  a  brick  wagon 

near  the  South  Ferry  backed  off  the  dock,  and  were  drowned  :  the  driver 

nearly  shared  the  same  fate The  committee  of  the  Assembly, 

having  in  charge  the  case  of  Judge  Harris  with  the  Canal  Bank,  exo- 
nerated him  of  any  blame. 

13.  Rachel,  widow  of  the  late  David  P.  Winne,  died A  spaa 

of  horses,  belonging  to  John  McEvoy,  were  killed  at  Cherry  Hill  by  the 
caving  in  of  the  bank  which  was  being  excavated. 

15.  The  carpenter  shop  of  Nathaniel  Merrill,  in  Eagle  slreet,  with 

the  house  adjoining,  was  burned  down   supposed  by  an  incendiary 

Alfred  Dorr  died,  aged  43      Mrs.  Rachel  Douw  Van  Schelluyne  died. 

16.  Law  establishing  a  court  of  special  sessions  went  into  operation. 

17.  The  new  Common  Council  met  :  the  mayor  was  sworn  in,  and 

the  appointments  made  nearly  as  last  year Catherine,  wife  of* 

William  Francis,  found  dead  in  her  bed. 

18.  Uriah  St.  John  died,  aged  21.      Catherine,  wife  of  James  Riley, 
died,  aged  34.     Catherine  Nichols  died. 

19.  Barent  Haynn  died,  aged  68 A  female  infant,  wrapped  in 

warm  flannels,  was  found  at  the  door  of  one  of  the  legal  gentlemen, 
Capitol  Park. 

20.  S.  S.  Randall,  formerly  deputy  state  superintendent,  of  common 
schools,  returned  to  the  city  from  Virginia A  meeting  was  held 


348  Annals  of  Albany,  1849. 

to  organize  the  Albany  and  Schoharie  Plank  Road  Company,  Teunis 
Van  Vechten  in  the  chair Hannegan  died. 

21.  A  semi-annual  dividend  of  five  per  cent,  declared  on  the  capital 
stock  of  the  Mechanics'  and  Farmers'  Bank. 

22.  Mrs.  Irene  Pierce  died,  aged  65.     Charles  H.  Weller  died 

An  unsuccessful  attempt  was  made   by  incendiaries  to  set  fire  to  H. 
Knapp's  store  on  Quay  street. 

23.  Mary  Elizabeth,  wife  of  M.  J.  Thomas,  formerly  of  Albany,  died 
at  St.  Augustine. 

24.  The  jewelry  store  of  A.  Given,  Broadway,  was  robbed  of  about 

$1400  worth  of  watches The  Court  of  Special  Sessions  was  opened 

by  the  Recorder  and  Justice  Cole A  meeting  was  held  by  the  la- 
dies of  Dr.  Wyckoff's  church,  in  favor  of  Ihe  Portuguese  exiles 

Cornelius  Cassidy  died,  aged  75.     Amelia  Ward  died,  aged  20. 

25.  John  Cassidy  died,  aged  43. 

27.  John  Martin  died,  aged  60 House  No.  277  Lydius  street 

was  discovered  to  have  been  robbed  in  the  absence  of  its  occupants,  of 
$15  in  gold  and  silver,  and  several  articles  of  plate. 

28.  The  water  was  let  into  the  canal  its  entire  length A  rail- 
road car  of  a  novel  construction,  from  the  coach  factory  of  James  Gould 
&  Co.,  was  placed  on  the  Champlain  and  St.  Lawrence  railroad. 

30.  Mary  A.,  wife  of  Mark  L.  Linn,  died Mayor  Humphrey, 

in  compliance  with  a  request  by  telegraph  from  New  York,  caused  the 
arrest  of  N.  G.  Klinch  for  swindling. 

MAY,  1849. 

2.  Hugh  D.  Elliot,  civil  engineer,   son  of  the  late  Robert  Elliot  of 
Albany,  died,  aged  28,  at  Junction,  Virginia. 

3.  Thirty  prisoners,  from  the  Clinton  State  Prison,  passed  through 

the  city  to  Singsing The  steamer  Isaac  Newton  brought  up  over 

900  passengers,  one  of  whom,  a  German  boy,  was  born  a  few  hours  pre- 
vious to  landing  :  the  mother  was  able  to  assist  in  unlading  the  baggage. 

4.  Steamer  Oregon,  Captain  St.  John,  arrived  at  her  wharf  with  840 
passengers. 

7.  Jane,  wife  of  Geo.  T.  Clark,  formerly  of  Albany,  died  in  Michigan, 

aged  34 General  Worth  died  at  San  Antonio  de  Bexar,  of  cholera. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  merchants  on  change  this  season  took 

place A  forged  check  for  $6300,  purporting  to  be  drawn  by  the 

cashier  of  the  Bank  of  Troy  on  the  Merchants' Bank  in  New  York,  was 
presented  at  the  Bank  of  Albany  by  A.  C.  Comstock,  who  accompanied 
an  officer  to  Troy,  where  the  fnrger  was  discovered. 

9.  A  boy  about  seven  years  old,  son  of  Michael  Forrester,  was  burnt 

to  death  by  his  clothes  taking  fire Luther  Wheeler  died,  aged  32. 

David  Evans  died,  aged  42.     William  Whipple  died,  aged  40 Dr. 

Dill  and  Mr.  Simpson,  lately  from  Ireland,  lectured  in  Dr.  Sprague's 
church  on  the  religious  wants  of  Ireland. 

10.  Mrs   Catherine  Angus  died,  aged  70. 

11.  Samuel  Pruyn  was  chosen  chairman  of  the  board  of  supervisors ; 
James  M.  Whelpley,  clerk. 

12.  Friends'  Meeting-house,  on  Plain  street,  took  fire,  but  was  soon 

extinguished Store  of  Charles  Pohlncan,  622  Bioadway,  entered 

by  burglars,  and  robbed  of  $200  worth  of  clothing. 


Annals  of  Albany,  1849.  349 

13.  Benjamin  Welch  died,  aged  76 Rev.  Dr.  Dewey,  of  the 

Unitarian  Church,  preached  his  farewell  sermon  to  his  people. 

14.  Margaret,  wife  of  Richard  Cosgrove,  died,  aged  28.      Abraham 
and  Hiram  Pangburn  were  found  dead  in  a  shanty  on  the  island  a  little 

below  the  city  :  intemperate. John  Osborn  was  appointed,  by  the 

Common  Council,  captain  of  the  fire  police. 

15.  The  Albany  Daily  Messenger,  a  penny  print,  by  B.  F.  Romaine, 
editor,  made  its  appearance The  Express  announced  Lewis  Be- 
nedict as  the  postmaster  to  succeed  Mr.  Wasson Alida  Wynkoop, 

widow  of  Dr.  Jonathan  Eights,  died,  aged  77.      John  Mclntosh  died, 
aged  39. 

16.  Isaac  P.  Hand  died,  aged  46.  \ The  ground  was  broken  for 

the  site  of  the  chapel  of  the  Holy  Innocents,  corner  of  North  Pearl  and 
Colonie  streets 

17.  Elizabeth  McClnskey  died,  aged  60. 

18.  Francis,  wife  of  Cornelius  McDonald,  died,  aged  25       Thomas 

Murtough  died News  reached  the  city  of  the  wreck  of  the  steamer 

Empire,  on  her  upward  trip. 

19.  Sarah,  wife  of  Edward  Kellogg  and  daughter'of  S.  Hastings,  died. 
"William  Marvin,  brother  of  John  and  Alexander  Marvin  of  this  city, 
died  at  New-London,  Connecticut,  aged  74. 

21.  The  materials  for  a  monument  to  be  erected  in  the  Albany  Ce- 
metery, over  the  remains  of  Judge  Spencer,  arrived. 

22.  Ann,  wife  of  Levi  H.  Palmer,  died.     Erectus  Tubbs  died.     Aris, 
wife  of  Stephen  Townsend,  died,  aged  67.     George  T.  Clark,  merchant, 
of  Dewitt  county,  Michigan,  formerly  of  Albany,  died,  aged  47. 

23.  Jabez  W.  Knowlton  died,  aged  26.     Sarah  M.  Pugsley  died,  aged 

43 Eight  individuals  subscribed  $18,000  to  the  stock  of  the  Albany 

and  Cohoes  Railway. 

24.  Over  4000  hogs  reported  running  at  large  in  the  streets. 

25.  The  work  of  placing  a  sewer  nine  feet  deep  in  Hamilton  street, 
was  completed.. .....  A  propeller  named  M.  T.  Reynolds,  intended  for 

the  navigation  of  the  canal,  appeared  in  the  basin. 

26.  The  office  of  the  weighmaster  at  the  Little  Basin  robbed  of  $50. 

27.  $500  in  notes   on  the  Commercial  Bank  of  Albany,    with  some 
clothing,  were  stolen  from  the  house  of  Mr.  Peter  R.  Clule,  5  Grand  st. 

28.  Ann  B.,   widow  of  the  late  Douw  B.  Slingerland,  died,  aged  65. 
Rev.  J.  B.  Davenport,  of  Syracuse,  accepted  a  call  to  the  rector- 
ship of  Grace  Church,  and  commenced  his  labors. 

29.  The  work  of  planking  the  western  turnpike  commenced  above 

Snipe  street Mrs.  Ellen  McMillan  was  found  dead  in  her  bed  : 

verdict  intemperance. 

30.  Drug  store  of  A.  McClure,  State  street,  broken  open,  and  a  small 
sum  of  money  stolen. 

31.  Elijah  Cobb  died,  aged  35.      Caroline  M.  Lightbody  died,   aeed 

23 Price  of  flour  declined The  clerks  of  the  Post-office 

presented  a  silver  pitcher  to  the  retiring  postmaster,  Mr.  Wasson. 

JUNE,  1849. 

1.  The  new  iron  bridge,  built  by  F.  Townsend  8c  Co.  for  the  Pier 
Company,  at  the  foot  of  Hamilton  street,  was  swung  over  the  opening  : 


250  Annals  of  Albany,  1849. 

lime  occupied  about  one  minute The  district  school  on  Arbor  Hill 

was  opened  with  appropriate  exercises Catherine  J.  Angus,  wife 

of  Charles  \V.  Mink,  died,  aged  42. 

2.  Mrs.  Grace  H.  Shaltnck  died,  aged  58. 

3.  The  severe  storm  cut  off  telegraphic  communication  with  the  west : 
15  or  20  poles  were  blown  down. 

4.  Henry  Husthouse,  aged  18,  died  of  cholera Mercury  in  the 

thermometer  rose  to  89°  in  the  shade. 

5.  M.  Maurice  Strakosch,  pianist,  gave  a  concert  in  the  Female  Aca- 
demy  Orcutt  &.  Co.'s  furnace,  in  Hamilton  west  of  Swan  street, 

was  burned The  body  of  a  man  was  found  floating  in  the  basin, 

near  the  Columbia  street  bridge. 

6.  The  mayor,  as  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Health,  requested  physi- 
cians, hotel  keepers,  Sec.,  to  report  at  his  office,  every  day  at  noon,  the 

cases  of  cholera  occurring  in  their  practice  or  houses The  lumber 

offices  of  James  B.  King  and  B.  Van  Etten,  on  the  Pier,  were  entered 
by  robbers. 

7.  The  ceremony  at  laying  the  corner  stone  of  the  chapel  of  the  Holy 
Innocents  look  place  under  the  direction  of  Rl.  Rev.  Bishop  Whitting- 

ham,  of  the  diocese  of  Maryland Robert  M.  Seymour,  formerly 

of  the  firm  of  Seymour,  Wood  &  Co.,  died  in  New  York,  aged  51. 

8.  Isaac  Matson  died  at  the  Northern  Hotel,  of  cholera,  at  3  A.M.:  he 
was  from  New- York. 

9.  Daniel  Lafferty,  aged  27,  was  drowned  near  the  Columbia  street 

bridge Two  cases  of  cholera  reported  to  the  Board  of  Health  : 

one  fatal,  an  emigrant. 

10.  John  Powers  died,  aged  50.      John  Schoonmaker  died,  aged  54, 
at  his  residence,  corner  of  Orange  street  and  Broadway.      Conrad  A. 
Ten  Eyck,  one  of  the  justices  of  the  Justice's  Court,  died  suddenly  by 
the  bursting  of  a  bloodvessel. 

11.  Three  cases  of  cholera  reported  since  the  9th  :  one  death 

Steamer  New  World  made  her  first  trip  to  Albany  from  New  York:  she 
is  intended  for  a  day  boat. 

12.  The  Board  of  Health  report  only  one  case  of  cholera  :  fatal.  Two 

deaths  of  those  cholera  patients  reported  on  the  llth,  occurred 

Fourteen  state  prisoners,    from  Singsing,  passed  through  the  city  for 
Auburn Albany  Hydrant  Company  dissolved. 

13.  One  new  case  of  cholera  reported  :  no  deaths The  citizens 

in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Arbor  Hill  burying  ground  have  commenced 
converting  it  into  a  park;  the  bones  to  be  collected  into  a  mound  in  the 

centre The  body  of  a  man,  about  40  years  of  age,  was  found  in 

the  river  at  the  foot  of  Bleecker  street. 

14.  The  Temperance  Pavilion,  a  large  tent  erected  in  North  Pearl 
street  by  Mr.  Van  Wagner,  the  Poughkeepsie  Blacksmith,  was  crowded 
to  excess. 

15.  Several  persons  arrested  for  putting  up  signs  protruding  more 

than  eighteen  inches  from  the  front  of  the  buildings Two  cases  of 

cholera  reported,  both  fatal. 

16.  Three  young  lads  in  a  sail  boat  capsized  in  the  river  brlow  the 

city,  and  Charles  Lansing,  one  of  them,  drowned The  jury  em- 

pannelled  to  try  Osborn  for  perjury,  returned  a  verdict  of  guilty  of  arson 
in  the  third  degree:  sentenced  ten  years  to  state  prison House 


Annals  of  Albany,  1849.  351 

107  Lydius  street  robbed  of  $12  in  money,  and  several  articles  wearing 
apparel Two  cases  of  cholera  reported :  no  deaths. 

17.  Dr.  N.  A.  Jewett  died,  aged  46 A  stable  in  the  upper  part 

of  State  street  burned  down George  Winne,  son  of  Jellis  Winne 

of  Albany,  died  at  St.  Paul,  Minesota  territory. 

18.  John  G.  Chifferder,a  German  youth,  found  in  a  pond  south  of  the 
old  railroad Mr.  Hughes,  of  Dove  street,  died  by  cholera. 

19.  Daniel  W.  Talcott  died,   aged   60.      John  Ryan   died,  aged  85. 
George  Smith,  aged  about  30,  was  drowned  in  the  canal At  mid- 
day, $21  were  stolen  from  the  store  of  Mr.  Mulligan,  corner  of  Swan 
and  Jefl'erson,  and  a  house  in  Westerlo  street  robbed  of  a  gold  watch 
and  several  other  articles  of  value. 

20.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Lockwood,  widow  of  Jared  Lockwood,  formerly 

of  Albany,  died  at  Stamford,  Connecticut,  aged  85 A  stable,  and 

a  quantity  of  wood  in  Green  street,  destroyed  by  fire One  fatal 

case  of  cholera  reported. 

21.  Nelson  W.  Perry  died,  aged  21 One  cholera  case  reported, 

fatal The  body  of  a  man  named  Welch  was  found  upon  a  pile  of 

lumber  near  Bath  Ferry The  mercury  rose  to  98°  in  the  shade. 

A  man  named  Richardson,  working  on  one  of  the  canal  boats,  died  sud- 
denly from  heat Belden  B.  Batty,  of  Albany,  accidentally  shot  at 

San  Francisco,  and  died. 

22.  Catherine  Bleecker  died:      Mrs.  Elizabeth  Phillip  died,  aged  50. 

James  L.  Schermerhorn  died,  aged  34 Several  houses  in  Canal 

street  burnt. 

23.  Two  fatal  cases  of  cholera  reported. 

24.  James  R.  Roe,  and  Hannah  his  wife,  died Two  cases  of 

cholera  reported;  not  fatal. 

25.  Four  cases  of  cholera  :  none  reported  fatal. 

26.  James  B.  Baker  died,  aged  44 A  horse,  the  property  of  Star 

Hawley,  valued  at  $150,  backed  off  the  pier  and  was  drowned A 

boatman  from  Philadelphia,  and  two  residents  in  Snipe  street,  died  of 
cholera. 

27.  One  fatal  case  of  cholera  reported. 

28.  Eight  cases  of  cholera  ;  three  of  which  are  reported  as  fatal. 

29.  Mrs.  Boylan.  residing  in  East  Albany,  died    by  cholera 

Amey  A.  Brown,  on  a  visit  from  Brooklyn,  died  of  cholera. 

30.  The  Sunday  Dutchman,  a  new  weekly,  appeared Five  cases 

of  cholera  ;  one  fatal, Capt.  Thomas  Wiswal  died,  aged  49 

John  Cotner  was  arrested  in  Buffalo,  for  passing  counterfeit  $5s  on  the 

Mechanics' &  Farmers'  Bank  of  Albany Number  cases  of  cholera 

for  June,  41  ;  deaths,  22. 

JULY,  1849. 

1.  O.  G.  De  Groff,  formerly  of  Albany,  died  at  Cincinnati  of  cholera, 
aged  50. 

2.  Gen.  Herrera  and  family,  from  Mexico,  took  lodgings  at  Congress 
Hall Seven  cases  of  cholera  reported,  five  of  which  were  fatal. 

3.  Eleven  cholera  cases  reported  :  four  deaths The  second  ex- 
hibition of  the  Albany  and  Rensselaer  Horticultural  Society  was  held  in 
the  Agricultural  Rooms,  State  street. 


352  Annals  of  Albany,  1849. 

4.  National  anniversary  was   celebrated.     Three   processions  :  1st, 
Regular,  consisting  of  state  and  city  officers,  military,  fire  and  boat  com- 
panies, citizens  and  strangers  ;  2d,  Independent,  carmen,  &c.;  3d,  Young 
Men's  Association Six  cases  of  cholera  reported  for  the  last  forty- 
eight  hours  ;  one  fatal L.  Z.  Harvey  died. 

5.  Mrs.  Harriet  Stafford,  widow  of  the  late  Spencer  Stafford,  died.. . . 
At  a  meeting  of  the  county  court,  the  grand  jury,  after  a  few  hours 
absence,  came  into  court,  and  reported  that  they  had  attended  to  and 

disposed  of  all  the  business  before  them,  and  found  no  bills- 7443 

barrels  of  flour  arrived  by  canal. 

7.  Henry  Marvin,  son  of  the  late  Uriah  Marvin  of  this  city,  died  at 
East  Chatham,   aged  52.  .....4  Three  cases  of  cholera  reported:  no 

deaths The  Receiver  of  the  Canal  Bank  gave  notice  that  40  cents, 

the  final  dividend  and  lull  amount  of  the  circulating  bills,  would  be  paid 

on  the  16th  instant Concert  by  the  Distins,  singers  and  performers 

on  the  Sax  Horn Among  other  produce  received  by  canal,  there 

Were  10,478  bbls.  flour,  30,945  Ibs,  butter,  and  29,111  Ibs.  cheese. 

7.  Eleven  cases  of  cholera  reported  at  noon  for  the  last  twenty-four 
hours,  four  of  which  were  fatal. 

8.  J.  C.  Wilt,  agent  of  the  Western  Railroad  Company,  died  at  Sharon 
Springs  :  he  was  a  gentleman  of  great  energy  of  character  and  excellent 
reputation Conrad  Tread  well  died. 

9.  The  Mayor  reported,  that  within  the  last  48  hours,  ten  cases  of 

cholera  had  occurred,  four  of  which  were  fatal Parker  Sargent 

appointed  justice  in  the  Police  Court,  in  place  of  Conrad  A.  Ten  Eyck 

deceased Annual  examination  of  pupils  in  the  Albany  Female 

Academy  commenced.  ......  Adam  Frazier,  formerly  of  this  city,  died 

at  Cincinnati. 

10.  The  county  board  of  supervisors  met,  and  were  organized  under 

the  law  giving  them  legislative  powers Eight  cases  of  cholera 

reported  to  the  Board  of  Health  ,  two  fatal Cornelius  J.  Cuyler 

died,  aged  51|  years.     John  W.  Diamond  died,  aged  50. 

11.  Seven  cases  of  cholera,  two  of  which  were  fatal,  and  one  death 

of  the  cases  reported  yesterday Alexander  Worden  died,  aged  39. 

Alarm  of  fire  from  a  house  in  Grand  street Charles  I. 

Wager  drowned  while  bathing  near  the  lower  ferry. 

12.  Sixteen  cases  of  cholera  reported  for  the  last  24  hours,  three  of 
which  were  fatal,  and  one  of  the  seven  reported  on  the  llth  since  dead. 

Six  houses  destroyed  by  fire  in  Broad  street :  rioting  among  the 

firemen Mercury  in  the  thermometer  at  9  A.  M.  was  86°  ;  96°  at 

2  P.  M.J  and  at  7  P.M.,  93° Schooner  Stranger,  soon  after  leaving 

the  dock  with  a  full  load  of  corn,  was  injured  by  a  steamer,  and  sunk. 

Thirty-sixth  annual  examination  of  the  Albany  Female  Academy 

concluded Frances  F.,  wife  of  Israel  Smith  junior,  and  daughter 

of  Capt.  Charles  H.  Bell,  U.  S.  N.,  died.      Jane,  daughter  of  Michael 
McCafferty,  died,  aged  22. 

13.  Eleven  cases  of  cholera  reported  to  the  mayor  as  chairman  of  the 
Board  of  Health;  three  fatal.     Two  of  the  cases  previously  reported 

proved  fatal Water  in  the  Hudson  lower  than  had  been  known 

for  many  years At  58  State  street,  at  44  A.  M.,  the  thermometer 

stood  at  over  82°  ;  at  7  A.  M.  it  fell  to  71° '.Ellen,  wife  of  Thomas 

Dunn,  died.      J.  W.  Butler  died.     Arthur  Gibbons,  son  of  S.  Stafford, 


Annals  of  Albany,  1849.  353 

aged  18,    died  at  the  American Charles  Russel,   one  of  a  sailing 

party  of  five,  was  drowned  by  the  upsetting  of  his  boat ;  age  23 

Tobias  Morgan,  formerly  the  slave  of  John  D.  Vischer,  died  of  cholera, 

aged  60 The  store  of  Samuel  B.  Moore,   grocer,   in  Broadway, 

was  robbed  of  $200 The  closing  exercises  consequent  on  the  an- 
nual examination  of  the  pupils  in  the  Albany  Female  Academy  were 
held  in  the  First  Piesbyierian  Church;  Rev.  Dr.  Kennedy  delivered  a 
short  address  to  the  graduates. 

14.  Thirteen  cases  of  cholera  reported  ;  four  fatal.     One  previously 
reported  terminated  fatally John  Butler,  a  cartman,  died  of  cholera. 

15.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Nugent  died,  aged  38. 

16.  Forty  six  cases  of  cholera  reported  for  the  last  forty-eight  hours, 
ending  at  noon  ;  thirteen  of  which  were  fatal.     Three  deaths  from  cases 
previously  reported Thomas  Monkland  died- Several  build- 
ings between  Lawrence  and  North  Ferry  street,  destroyed  by  fire 

Frances,  wife  of  William  Worth  died,  aged  41.     Solomon  Hayes,  Jong 

and  favorably   known  in  Albany,   died  from  cholera,  aged  64 A 

telegraphic  despatch  from  New  York  announced  the  death  of  D.  B.  Og- 
den,  esquire,  so  long  prominent  in  the  commerce  and  councils  of  the  state. 

17.  Seventeen  cases  of  cholera  ;  three  fatal.     Two  cases  formerly  re- 
ported, fatal Victor  Post  died,  aged  33.     Samuel  Vail  died,  aged  83. 

18.  Nine  cases  of  cholera  in  the  city  and  four  in  the  hospital ,  one  of 

the  latter  fatal The  steamer  Alida  arrived  at  her  wharf  in  seven 

hours  from  New  York,  running  time Stephen  Squire  of  Fulton- 

ville,  Montgomery  county,  died  in  this  city At  10  p.  M.  the  shoe 

store  of  Peter  R.  Cluett  look  fire,  but  was  extinguished  with  little 
damage James  Sickles  died,  aged  75. 

19.  Thirteen  cholera  cases  were  reported  to  the  board  for  the  last  24 
hours  ;  six  fatal.     Three  of  the  fatal  cases  had  been  before  reported... . 
Harmanus  Bleecker,  a  prominent  and  well  known  citizen,  universally 

respected,   died   in  the  70th   year  of  his  age.  (See  p.  276.) The 

steamer  New  World  left  New  York  at  13  minutes  alter  7  A.  M.,  reach- 
ing Poughkcepsie  in  three  hours  sailing  time  and  landed  her  passengers 
at  Albany,  3£  p.  M.,  making  all  her  landings. 

20.  Eight  cases  of  cholera  reported  to  the  board.     Four  deaths  of 

those  previously  reported The  steamer  Alida  reached  her  landing 

place  five  minutes  before  3  p  M.  ;  making  the  whole  trip  in  b'  hours  51 
minutes  sailing  time. 

21.  Thirteen  cases  of  cholera  reported  ;  eight  in  the  city  and  five  at 
the  hospital;  two  fatal.     Two  deaths  also  occurred  of  those  previously 

reported Jane  widow  of  the  late  Arthur  Hooper  died,  aged  76. 

Elizabeth,  wife  of  Adam  Armstrong  died,  aged  72. 

22.  Thomas  Moss  died   in  the  53lh   year  of  his  age.     Jellis  Winne 

junior  died,  aged  71 Lydia,  wife  of  Thomas  Carson  died,  aged  66. 

The  body  of  John  D.  Morey,  a  young  man  about  nineteen  years 

of  age,  was  found  in  a  deep  ravine  a  liltle  north  of  the  city.     Deaih  by 
suicide. 

23-  Twenty-two  cases  of  cholera  reported  as  having  occurred  since 
noon  of  the  21st ;  five  fatal.  One  of  these,  Ira  Hinckley  from  Osterville, 
Mass.,  died  on  board  the  schooner  Oliver  at  the  wharf;  he  was  about 

19 Margaret  Trocter,    widow  of  the  late  («en.  Matthew  Troiter 

died,  in  her  80th  year Henry  Miller,  accused  of  forgery  and  coun- 
terfeiting was  arrested  and  committed;  plates  of  different  banks  were 

30 


354  Annals  of  Albany,  1849. 

found  in   his  possession Mary,    widow  of  the  late  Jason  Rudes 

died,  aged  72.     Roswell  Wilson,  of  Ihe  firm  of  Callanan  &,  Wilson  died 
at  Whitewater,  Wisconsin. 

24.  Thirteen  cases  of  cholera  were  this  day  reported;  two  of  which 
were  fatal.     Two  also  of  the  cases  reported  at  a  prior  day  proved  fatal. 

25.  A  very  large  and  brilliant  halo  (corona)  appeared  round  the  sun 

a  little  before  noon Fourteen  cases  of  cholera  reported  as  having 

occurred  since  last  report.     Three  fatal   besides  one  death  of  a  ca*e  re- 
ported  previously Ann,  wife  of  Benjamin  Ward  died,  aged  63. 

26.  The  board  of  health  reported    that  seven   cases  of  cholera  have 
been  stated  to  them  as  having  occurred  since  last  report.     One  fatal  and 

one  more  death  of  the    14  yesterday  reported Elizabeth   Singer 

died  in  the  70lh  year  of  her  age.     Sally  Clark  died,   aged  70.     JVlary 
Quinn  died,  aged  20.     Jane,  wife  of  James  Morrow  died.     James  Allen 

died,  aged  82.     Barney  Lyman  died  of  consumption,  aged  21  years 

A  good  southerly  wind  brought  up  a  large  number  of  sail  vessels  from 
the  east  which   in   some   measure   prevented  the  steamer's  intelligence 
(this  day  telegraphed)  having  any  tendency  to  depress  the  market. 

27.  Sixteen   cases  of  cholera  ;  five  fatal.     Four  cases  previously  re- 
ported have  terminated  fatally.     Six  of  the  sixteen  cases  embrace  the 

report  of  Drs.  Martin  and  Wiltsie  for  two  days Bridget  McMan- 

nus  died,  aged  55.     John  B.  Smith  died,  in  the  33d  year  of  his  age- 

28.  Eleven  cases  of  cholera  ;  four  fatal,  within  the  last  24  hours.  One 

also  of  a  previous  report  died.    Lord,  an  emigrant  lately  from 

England  died.     Mrs.  Winaford  Allen  died,  aged  60      Cornelius  Higgins 
died,  aged  83^  years.     Abigail  Walker  died,  aged  66. 

29.  Ann  Eliza,  wife  of  Jacob  Griffin  died S.  H.  Shipley  from. 

Baton  Rouge  parish,  Louisiana,  and  Mr.  Cochrane,  both  belonging  to  a 
party  from  Mississippi,  died  in  the  city  of  the  prevailing  epidemic  ;  they 
were  properly  cared  for Martin  Truesdell,   for  many  years  cap- 
tain of  the  steam  boats  Utica  and  South  America,  died  at  Coxsackie,  of 
bronchitis.     Having  retired  from  business,  he  was  elected  a  member  of 

the  legislature  for  the  session  of  1848. Margaret,  wife  cf  Benjamin 

Van  Aernam  of  the  city,  died  at  Guilderland,  aged  47. 

30.  For  the  last  48  hours  thirty-one  cases  and  twelve  deaths  by  cholera 

were  reported.     Two  deaths  of  cases  previously  reported Thirteen 

buildings  and  an  immense  quantity  of  lumber  in  Water  street  were  con- 
sumed by  fire.     Its  origin  not  ascertained The  new  building  erected 

at  the  expense  of  the  state  on  the  corner  of  Lodge  and  Howard  streets, 
was  taken  possession  of  by  the  Normal   School,  and  the  evacuation  of 
the  old  building  in  State  street,  completed  this  day. 

31.  Sixteen  new  cases  of  cholera  and   seven  deaths A  woman 

and  her  child  were  found  dead  by  cholera  in  Orange  street.     They  died 
alone,  leaving  a  child  2£  years  old  the  only  representative  of  the  family, 

the  father  having  died  of  the  same  disease  a  few  days  previous 

The  mayor  published  a  respectful  request  to  the  citizens  to  observe  the 
3d  August  as  a  day  of  fasting  and  humiliation,  agreeably  to  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  President  of  the  United   Stales,  that  if  consistent  God 

would  avert  from  us   his  judgments William  Dennison,  a  native 

of  Ireland  died.     George  M.  Musher  died;  aged  53 At  6  o'clock 

A.  M.,  the  thermomeler   stood  at  82deg.  at  noon  it  had  descended  to  72 

deg.  and  6  p.  M.  it  was  below  65  deg Rev.  Mr.  Taggart  ordained 

and  installed  pastor  of  the  Unitarian  church.     Rev.  Messrs.  Dewey  and 


Annals  of  Albany,  1849.  355 

Pierpont   assisted    in  the   exercises.. ...  ..Number  of  cases   requiring 

medical  aid  in  the  Alms  House  during  the  month  of  July,  249  ,  cured  162  ; 

died  57;  under  treatment  37 Number  cases  of  cholera  for  July, 

343  ;  deaths  125. 

AUGUST,  1849. 

1.  Nine  cholera  cases,  and  one  of  them,  fatal,  were  reported.     A  fatal 

termination  of  a  case  formerly  reported  was  also  given  in Steam. 

boat  South  America  ran  down  a  sloop  loaded  with  coal,  which  sunk  in 
20  feet  water Number  of  prisoners  in  the  Penitentiary  173  ;  up- 
wards of  50  being  females Number  of  paupers  in  the  Alms  House 

405.     Expenses  of  the  last  quarter  $2,678. 

2.  Twenty-four  cases  of  cholera,  including  seven  fatal,  were  reported. 
Of  a  former  report  two  proved  fatal John  Moore  died  of  the  pre- 
vailing epidemic,  ased  66 

3.  Great  national  fast — business  generally  suspended,  and  the  churches 
well  attended No  meeting  of  the  board  of  health  ;  five  cases  re- 
ported of  cholera,  2  deaths ...David  C.  Wainwright  died,  aged  93. 

Lucius  Allen  died,  aged  41 New  World  steam  boat  accident,  by 

which  she  was  laid  up  for  repairs,  requiring  an  outlay  of  several  thou- 
sand dollars. 

4.  Thirty-one  cases  of  cholera  reported  for  the  last  48  hours;  9  fatal, 

and  one  fatal  of  the   cases  reported  before A  most  welcome  and 

refreshing  shower  moistened  the  parched  earth  ;  it  was  accompanied 
with   thunder  and  lightning.     A  house  was  struck  in  Herkimer  street, 
but  with  little  damage. 

5.  Sabbath — An  attempt  was  made  to  fire  the  lumber  yard  of  Messrs. 
Rogers  &c  Callendar.     Another  fire  was  attempted  in  South  Pearl  street 

in  111 e  afternoon Edward  Pacey,  a  caulker,  extensively  known, 

died  of  cholera,  aged  84. 

6.  Twenty-five  cases  of  cholera,  seven  of  them  fatal  were  reported  as 
having  occurred  within  the  last  48  hours.     Three  of  a  former  report  also 
proved  fatal.     A  strong  southerly  wind  prevailed  and  brought  with  it  in 
the  afternoon  an  abundant  and  seasonable  rain Ann,  wife  of  Wil- 
liam Clemshire  died.     James  Pacey  died  of  cholera,  aged  19. 

7.  Eight  cases  of  cholera,  two  deaths.     Two  deaths  of  cases  previ- 
ously reported.  John  P.  Cassidydied  in  New  York,  formerly  of  Albany. 

8.  Six  cases  of  cholera;  one  fatal.     One  fatal  of  those  reported  yes- 
terday  Jane  Mitchell  died,  aged  15. 

9.  Eleven  cases  of  cholera  ;  two  fatal.     One  death  of  those  previously 

reported.     Also  four  deaths  not  reported  on  the  6th  and  7th Anna 

Maria  Soulden  died Fire  in  North  Pearl  street,  above  Maiden  Jane  ; 

damage  small. 

10.  A  great  deal  of  rain  fell  during  the  night,  which  was  much  needed 

by  vegetation Ten  cases  of  cholera,  and  one  death  ;  also  one  death 

of  the  cases  previously  reported The  board  of  health  required  the 

sextons  to  report  all  burials,   since    May  1,  under  a  penalty  of  $25  for 
non-compliance. 

11.  Eleven   cases   of  cholera,    one   fatal.     Three  deaths  of  previous 
cases.     A  marked  change  was  now  observable  in  the  progress  of  the 

disease A   salmon  weighing  12  pounds  was  caught  in   the  river 

above  Bath,  said  to  be  the  first  known  to  have  been  taken  in  the  Hudson. 
It  was  served  up  at  the  Mansion  House. 


356  Annals  of  All  any,  1849. 

12.  Fire  in  Orange  street;  burnt  a  shed .Rev.  William  W.  Hal- 

loway  was  installed  pastor  of  the  Third  Reformed  Protestant  Church, 
corner  of  Ferry  and  Green  streets. 

13.  Twenty-six  cases  of  cholera  ;  seven  fatal,  in  last  48  hours  ;  and 

four  deaths  of  cases  previously  reported Johannah  Durrie,  widow 

of  the  late  Horace  Durrie,  and  daughter  of  the  late  Daniel  Sieele,  of  this 

city,  died  at   Aurora,   Cayuga    county The    Albany   Republican 

Artillerj  made  a  pleasure  excursion  to  Hudson  by  steam  boat. 

14.  Seven  cases  of  cholera  ;  three  fatal  within  the  last  24  hours,  with 
two  deaths  from  cases  of  a  former  report. 

15.  Eleven  cases  of  cholera,  two  fatal Anna,  wife  of  E  Wickes, 

Jr.,  died  aged  29. 

16.  Cholera,  eleven  cases,   two  fatal ;  five  deaths  of  previous  cases. 

Mrs.  Ralph  Pratt  died Francis  McCaler  arrested  for  burglary  in 

entering  the  house  of  Mr.  Thorn  in  North  Pearl  street,  and  taking  there- 
from six  watches  valued  at  $30. 

17.  Anniversary  of  the  great  fire  of  1848 Seven  cases  of  cholera, 

three  fatal,  and  three  deaths  of  previous  cases.     Abby,  wife  of  John 

Townsend,  and  daughter  of  the  late  Ambrose  Spencer,  died,  aged  60 

Alarm  of  fire  proceeding  from  a  gunsmith's  shop  in  Beaver  street. 

18  Eight  cases  of  cholera,  two  fatal;  two  deaths  of  pievious  cases. 
Samuel  Gross  died,  ased  72  Harriet  L.,  wife  of  John  Dixon,  died,  aged 
50.  Isabella,  wife  of  Neil  McCotter  died,  aged  54  ...  .An  agreement  was 
effected  between  the  Albany  and  Schoharie  Plank  Road  Company,  and 
the  Turnpike  Company,  by  which  the  two  roads  would  be  made  to  in- 
tersect, and  arrangements,  made  to  .prosecute  the  plank  road  to  its  com- 
pletion. 

20.  Twelve  cases  of  cholera  in  last  forty-eight  hours,  three  fatal;  and 
two  fatal  of  previous  cases.     Lucretia  Shaver  died,  aged  83. 

21.  Eight  new  cases  of  cholera,  three  fatal;  four  cases  fatal  of  those 

before  reported.     Nathaniel  White  died,  of  cholera,   aged  57 He 

came  to  this  city  from  Hartford,  Connecticut,  in  1808,  at  the  age  of  16, 
and  was  apprenticed  as  a  bookbinder  to  the  late  Mr.  Daniel  Sieele.     It 
is  riot  an  uninteresting  fact  that  Mr.  White  besan  his  apprenticeship  in 
the  same  establishment  with  two  prominent  and  highly  valued  citizens 
now  living,  Mr.  Lemuel  Steele  and   Mr.  Isaac  Newton,  and  one  now 
deceased,  the  late  Mr.  O.  R.  Van  Benthuysen.     And  he  has  remained 
in  the  same  establishment,  from   that  day  to  the  present,  without  inter- 
ruption, a  period  of  nearly  forty-one  years,  under  the  successive  firms 
•which    have   conducted    it  with   eminent  and    deserved*  success,    viz: 
Messrs.  D.  Steele,  Packard  &,  Van  Benthuysen,  and  C.  Van  Benthuysen. 

22.  Seven  new  cases  of  cholera  were  reported  ;  six  at  the  hospital  and 
one  in  the  city — two  deaths  of  those  formerly  reported.     Mr.   Leoline 
Jenkins,   son  of  "Lemuel   Jenkins,  Esq.,  of  this  city,   died  while  on  a 
fisit  to  Greeneville,  Greene  county,  N.  Y. 

23.  One  case  of  cholera  reported  fatal,  and  three  deaths  of  cases  for- 
merly reported.     At  9  A.  M.  Isaac  Whitney  died,  aged  34 Severe 

rain  most  of  the  day;  wind  north  east Owen  Tierney  died,  aged 

35.     Isaac  L.  Whitney  died,  aged  34.     Elias  Fink,  formerly  of  Albany, 
died  at  Danube  Herkimer  county,  aged  42. 

24.  Ten  new  cases  of  cholera  reported;  no  death.     One  of  a  former 
report  proved  fatal.     At  noon  Caroline  Enz  died,  aged  18.     John  Cahill 
died,  aged        Canal  Receipts— Flour  4244  barrels.;  ashes  62  do 


Annals  of  Albany,  1849.  357 

whiskey  24  do.;  corn  11,149  bushels;  oats  83  do.;  wheat  2655  do.;  peas 
50  do.;  butter  10,129  pounds;  cheese  17,057;  lard  150  do.;  Wool  61,054 
do;  hams  and  bacon  35SS  do. 

25.  Fifteen  cases  of  cholera  reported.     Seven  of  which  were  fatal. 
Also  two  deaths  of  cases  previously  reported.     Alraira,  wife  of  Alexan- 
der Nichols,  died.     Mrs.   Hennessy  died,  aged  60     Elizabeth,  wife  of 
Gerrit  Yates,  died,  aged  74. 

26.  Sabbath — No  cholera  report;  but  the  interments  were  numerous. 
Ann  Moran  died,  aged  19$  years.     Mrs.  Elizabeth  Wagoner  died. 

27.  Seventy-six  cases  of  cholera  reported   for  the    last    forty  eight 
hours;  eleven  of  which  were  fatal.     Charles  Quinn  died.     Mrs.  Rhoda 
Dean,  formerly   of  Barnard,  died  at   the  residence   of  her  son.  Amos 
Dean  in  this  city,  aged  80.     Catherine,  daughter  of  Peter  Johnson,  died, 
aged    19.     Wife   of  Robert  C.   Russell  died.     Bridget  O'Connor   died, 
aged  39.     Tivoli  flour  from   new   Genesee  wheat  sold   6'37|;  western 
5:25  to  5-75;  corn  58  cents,  wheat  1'25  to  $1'31. 

23.  Twenty  cases  of  cholera  reported  since  yesterday's  report ;  ten 
fatal.  This  high  proportion  of  fatal  cases  is  probably  rightly  ascribed 
to  an  indiscreet  use  of  unripe  fruits.  William  McLaughlin  died,  aged 
55 John  G.  Stewart,  a  colored  barber,  known  as  a  man  of  consi- 
derable talent,  and  as  the  editor  of  several  papers,  was  found  dead  in 
his  chair,  by  a  customer  who  entered  his  shop  at  the  Little  Basin. 

29.  The  Jersey  Blue,  a  three  masted  steam-propeller,  Captain  Daniel 
Van   Buskirk,  made  her  first  appearance  at  the  dock  with   a  cargo  of 
coal  and  iron.     She  is  rated  at  222  tons,  was  built  at  Newark,  and  made 
the  trip  from  that  city  in  less  than  twenty-four  hours. 

30.  Twelve  cases  cholera  ;  eight  fatal.     One  death  of  previous  cases. 

Michael  McAuley  died,  aged 43.     Aaron  Williams  died,  aged  48. 

Mrs.  Amelia  Fosket,  lately  of  this  city,  died  at  the  residence  of  her  son 
at  Blue  House,  Cobleton  District,  S.  C.,  aged  62  years. 

31.  Nineteen   cases  cholera;  seven  fatal.     Robert  H.  Burgess  died, 
aged  50.     Mary  Ann  Williams  died,  aged  54.     William  Hillman  died. 

Total  number  of  cholera  cases  for  August,  345;  deaths  150;  as 

otherwise   reported  34S  cases  and  154  deaths Fire   at    124  Broad 

street;  a  two  story  frame  building,  brick  front,   belonging  to  George 
Stanwix,  which  was   burnt   down,   together   with  the   two  story  frame 
buildings,  Nos.   126  and  128,  owned    by  Alexander  Sampson,  and  occu- 
pied by  iMichael  Barnotand  Duncan  Livingston Almshouse  phy- 
sician reported  211  cases  for  month  of  August,  requiring  aid  ;  122  cured, 
52  died,  and  37  under  treatment. 

SEPTEMBER,    1849. 

1.  Six  cases  cholera  ;  two  deaths,  and  three  deaths  of  previous  cases. 
Cornelius  D.  R.  Lansing  died,  aged  63 Albany  and  Sand- 
lake  Plank  Road  Company  elected  their  officers  for  the  ensuing  year. 

2.  Julia  L.,  wife  of  Dr.  John  Van   Buren  died.     C.  P.  Allen  died. 
Robert  Malloy  died.     Thomas  Wallace,  formerly  of  this  city,  died  at 
Detroit,  aged  86. 

3.  Twenty-two  new  cases,  thirteen  deaths,  for  48  hours  last  past 

Louisa  W.,  wife  of  Rev.  T.  R.  Rawson,  died.     Benjamin  Wilson  died, 
age<l  83.     Neil  McCotter  die.l,    aged  57.     James  B.  Van  Huy«en  died, 
aged  49 , Burgesses  Corps  made  an  excursion  to  Saratoga  Springs. 


358  Annals  of  Albany,  1849. 

A  man  named  Sheridan,  a  mason,  fell  from  the  scaffolding  of  a 

building,   corner  of  Patroon  and  Ten  Broeck  streets,  and  was  killed  j 
his  age  56. 

4.  Three  cases  cholera,  one  death.     Three  deaths  of  previous  cases. 

Wiliam  Sanford,  son  of  Giles  Sanford  of  this  city,  died  at  Astoria, 

N.  Y.?  asred  26. 

5.  Six  cases  cholera,  four  deaths.    The  physicians  were  united  in  the 
opinion  that  the  disease  as  an  epidemic,  had  in  a  great  measure  left  the 
city  ;  that  where  it  now  occurred  it  was  invited  by  imprudence  or  by  a  pe- 
culiarly unfavorable  locality  j    wherefore   the  board   determined  to  dis- 
continue their  daily  reports Eleanor,  widow  of  the  late  Milo  Shaw 

died.      Clara,  wife   of  George  H.Cogswell    died,   aged   31.     John  C. 
Brown  died,  aged  43. 

6.  The  president,   Zachary  Taylor,    arrived    from  the  west,  and  took 

the  steam  boat  for  New  York Betsey,  wife  of  Nicholas  Brate  died, 

aged  38 The  wholesale   grocery   store   of  G.  N.  Tarbell,  on  the 

dock,  was  entered  by  a  burglar,   who  made  an  unsuccessful  attempt  at 
the  safe,  and  retired  bootless. 

7.  Ann  Eliza,  wife  of  Henry  K.  Duncan,  died  at  West  Point,  aged  25. 

The  store  of  G.  A.  Wolverton   entered    by  burglars The 

office  of  C.  Cooley  &  Co..  lumber  dealers,  was  also  broken  open. 

8.  Hon   Henry  Clay  arrived   in  the  city  from  Kinderhook,   where  he 
had  been  to  visit  Mr.  Van  Buren.     He  departed  in  the  afternoon  for  the 
west. 

9.  An  alarm  of  fire,  caused  by  the  burning  of  a  chimney  in  Maiden 
lane. 

10.  John  Slack,  aged  66,  formerly  of  Albany,  died  at  Guilderland,  of 
a  fall  from  a  hay  mow. 

11.  Frederick  A.  Farso,  aged  33,  was  killed  by  being  run  over  by  the 

train  at  Rome Nancy  A.,  wife  of  John  Henry,  formerly  of  Albany. 

died  in  New  York,   aged  25 The  St.  Charles  refectory  robbed  of 

its  sub-treasury  by  Jeremiah  Buckley,  who  was  arrested  and  confessed 
the  deed. 

12.  Splendid  display  of  aurora  borealis  towards  midnight. 

13.  An  immense  kettle  cast  at  Townsend's  Furnace,  for  the  purpose 
of  manufacturing   salt  at  Syracuse.     Its  dimensions  were  9  feet  across 
the  brim,  9  feet  deep,  and  7  feet  across  the  bottom ;  weight  12  tons. 

14.  Amey  Molt,  late  of  this  city,  died  at  Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  in  the 
82d  year  of  her  age. 

15.  At  4  o'clock  A.  M.,   Catharine  Tracey  died A  collection  of 

$800  taken  at  St.  John's  Church  in  Ferry  street,  in  aid  of  the  erection 
of  the  Cathedral ;  making  over  $5000  collected  in  that  church  altogether, 
for  that  purpose. 

16.  A  fire  was  discovered  about  9  A.  M.  in  the  loft  of  Tracy  &  Edson's 
liquor  store,   corner  of  Dean  and  Exchange  streets,  and  extinguished 

with    little   damase Jane  Madison,   wife   of  Jasper  Latham  and 

daughter  of  the  late  H.  E.  G.  McLaughlin,  esquire,  of  Chelsea,  Vt.  died, 
aged   40.     Ann   Hardy,    daughter   of  James  Freeman  died,   ased    29| 
years.     Timothy  Ensign,  late  of  the  firm  of  Ensign  &.  Thayer,  in  this 
city,  died  at  Windsor,  Con. 

18.  The  Hose  Depot,  so  long  a  source  of  contention  as  to  where  it 
should  be  located,  was  commenced  on  the  site  of  the  old  hay  market  lots, 


Annals  of  Albany,  1849.  359 

corner  of  Plain  and  Philip  streets Mary,  wife  of  George  Geary 

died,    aged  50.     Sarah,  wife   of  Andrew   McKnight  died Baron 

Hecker,  the  German  exiled  patriot,  came  up  the  river  in  company  with 
some  50  of  his  countrymen,  en  route  for  his  farm  on  the  banks  of  the 
Mississippi,  in  Illinois. 

19.  James  Robinson  died,  aged  60 The  common  council  held  a 

special   meeting  to  settle    the  pier  question.   &c.     Mr.   O'Reilley  was 
granted  permission  to  erect  telegraph  posts  within  the  bounds  of  the  city 
under  the  supervision  of  the  street  committee.     The  chamberlin  ordered 

to  borrow  $30.000  to  meet  the  pier  settlement First  trip  on  the 

Hudson  river  rail  road  with  passenger  cars  from  New  York  to  Peekskill. 

20.  Fire  was  discovered  about  9^  p.  M.  in  some  combustible  materials 
in  the  shoe  shop  of  Cluelt  &,  Co.,  corner  of  State  and  Lodge  streets  ;  ex- 
tinguished without  damage Mr.  Ralph  Clark,  formerly  of  Albion, 

Wis.,  died,  aged  25 The  Albany  and  Rensselaer  Horticultural  So- 
ciety's annual  exhibition  closed  to-day. 

21.  Joseph  Hugeboom  died,  ased  32^  years.     Elizabeth,  daughter  of 

the  late  Nathaniel  R.  Packard  died,  aged  19 Peter  Cluett  charged 

with  and  committed  for  arson  in  causing  the  fire  last  evening,  corner  of 
Lods?e  and  State  streets The  city  and  pier  company  closed  their  ne- 
gotiations and  came  to  terms  with  regard  to  the  Basin — the  city  paying 
the  pier  company  $30,000 — the  latter  to  maintain  the  bridge. 

22.  An  unusually  strong  south  wind  prevailed  the  whole  day,  accom- 
panied in  the  evening  with  rain "  On  Saturday  evening  at  seven- 
teen minutes  past  II  o'clock,  the   Sun  rode  calmly  and  mildly  over  the 
autumnal  equinox,  and  cast  his  golden  anchor   on  the  wintry  coast  of 
Autumn.     But  as  yet,  the  vast  ocean  of  air  through  which  he  sails,  is 
glowing  and  transparent  with  the  memory  of  the  long  Summer  days  that 
have  passed  over  it,  darting  their  rich  beams  to  its  very  depths.     Even 
as  we  write,  however,  the  remembrance  fades,  like  the  sky's  blanching 
souvenirs  of  sunset  ;  and  in  the  gray  distance  the  cold  ghosts  of  Winter 
glare  and  wave  their  frozen  wings,  which  creak  on  icy  hinges — while 
in  the  silence  of  midnight  a  prophetic  voice  of  wailing  and  desolation 
moans  fitfully  at  the  casement." — Tribune, 

23.  John  Simons  died A  riot  caused  by  some  evil  disposed  per. 

sons  throwing  stones  at  a  canal  boat  loaded  with  immigrants,  occurred  at 

the  Little  Basin The  accidental  burning  of  a  bed  in  house  No.  16 

Dallius  street,  caused  nn  alarm  of  fire Ann  K.  Fitch,  formerly  of 

Greenwich,  Conn.,  died. 

24.  Weather  cloudy  and  cold Edward  Thomas  died,  aged  24. 

Premium  articles  at  the  late  State  Fair,  of  Albany  manufacture, 

were  exhibited  in  Kidd's  Buildings Joseph  Curdy,  a  laborer,  com- 
mitted suicide  by  cutting  the    arteries  of  both   arms   with  a  razor,  and 
died  sitting  in  a  chair. 

25.  The  body  of  John  Donahue  was  found  in  the  river  at  the  foot  of 
Bleecker  street — supposed  to  have  been   drowned  on  Saturday  night — - 
age  40. 

26.  The  A.  R.  Artillery  annual  target  excursion — the  cup  awarded  to 
W.  A.  Davis  for  the  best  shot,  and  the  gold  medal  to  James  H.  Chad- 
wick,  for  2d  best The    first  quinquennial   meeting  of  the   State 

Normal  graduates  was  held  in  the  lecture  room  of  the  new  building 

John  Crippin  died,    aged  28.     Patrick   Murray   died  in  his  65th  year, 
Hannah  B.,  wife  of  Amos  P.  Palmer,  died  at  Newton's  Corners. 


360  Annals  of  Albany,  1849. 

27.  Closing  exercises  of  the  Normal  School  took  place  to-day 

The  spike  factory  belonging  to  the  Albany  Nail  Works,  near  Troy,  and 
owned  by  Corning,  Winslow  &  Co.  of  this  city,  was  destroyed  by  fire, 
loss  $40,000  above  insurance John  York  died,  ased  26. 

23.  George  W.  Worcester,  formerly  of  this  city,  died  at  the  hospital, 
New  York,  aged  30. 

29.  The  travel  between  this  city  and  Albany,  says  the  Troy  Whig,  is 
immense.  The  cars,  which  run  hourly,  carry  a  large  number  of  pas- 
sengers: while  the  stages  which  run  half-hourly,  are  crammed  full 
nearly  every  trip.  The  number  of  persons  going  to  and  coming  from 
Albany  daily  is  probably  in  the  neighborhood  of  two  thousand.  This 
would  be  equal  to  60,833  per  calendar  month,  and  730. 000  a  year!  This 
estimate  does  not,  we  think,  fall  short  of  the  mark. 

OCTOBER  1849. 

1.  A  rain  storm  during  the  whole  day  refreshed  the  earth  which  had 

sustained  a  long   drouth The  military  encampment  appointed  to 

be  held  this  d*y  was  postponed  one  week Henry  Holmes,  died. 

Casper  Walter  died. 

2.  Albany  Medical  College  opened  with  a  lecture  by  Dr.  T.  R.  Beck. 

Capt.  Henry  Terbush,   of  the  steam  boat  A.  L.  Lawrence  killed 

by  the  machinery  of  the  boat James  Carroll  died,  aged  57. 

3    Working  Men's  State  Convention  assembled ..Theflajjs    of 

shipping  were  displayed  at  half  mast  on  account  of  the  death  of  Henry 
Terbush,  captain  of  the  steamer  A.  L.  Lawrence Henry  A.  New- 
man died,  aged  23 Attempt  by  burglars  to  enter  the  house  of  D, 

Cox,  corner  Green  and  Lydius  streets. 

4.  Severe  rain  storm. The  O'Reily  Telegraphery  reported  from 

Catskill,    though  fully  connected  to  Newburgh Nathan  O.  Banks, 

junior,  of  Putnam  county,  in  going  aboard  the  Isaac  Newton  walked  off 
the  plank  and  wag  drowned. 

5.  Moses  Wallace  died Rain  in  the  morning  and  al  intervals 

through  the  day. 

6.  Rain  again  this  morning.     Telegraphery  announced  at  3  p.  M.  rain 
in  New  York  and  Buffalo;  very  rainy  in  Albany The  union  de- 
mocrats nominated  county  officers. 

7.  Still  the  rain  fell.    A  strong  northerly  wind  prevailed.     The  fourth 

day  without  sunshine  or  even  at  night  star  light Patrick  O'Brien 

died,  aged  25. 

8.  Stars   were   visible  at  5  A.  M.     At  6  rain  again   commenced,   but 
cleared  away  at  8  A.  M.,  when  the   sun    for  the  first  time  in  four  days 

was   visible George  Mossop,  a  native   of  Dublin,   in   connection 

with  the  Albany  Museum  died,  aged  35 T.  D.  Sprague,  editor  of 

the  American  Literary  Magazine  of  this  city,  died  at  Andover,  Conn., 
aged  30. 

9.  Frost  and  a  thick  fog  overspread  the  city.     The   mail  and  other 
New  York  steamers  were  accordingly  delayed  till  noon The  Sy- 
nod of  Albany  (0.  S  )  met  in  the  First  Presbyterian   Church.     The 
25th  regiment  of  N.  Y.  Militia.  Col.  Frisbie,  went  into  encampment  for 

three  days George  H.  Welch,  of  the  firm  of  Adams  and  Welch 

died,  aged  28. 

10.  the  Albany,  Rensselaerville  and  Schoharje  Plank  Road  Co.  was 


A?mah  of  Albany,  1849.  361 

organized.     Lansing  Pruyn  as  president,  David  H.  Cary,  treasurer,  and 

Charles  M.  Jenkins,  secretary Iron  fence  around  the  State  Hall 

grounds  completed. 

11.  A  heavy  and  drenching  rain  which  commenced  on  the  evening  of 

the  lOth,    continued  till  midnight Mrs.  M.  A.  Record  died,  aged 

44.     Peter  Wall   died,  aged  41 1  Multitude  of  Fishes.— Mr.  T. 

Carman  of  this  city,  in  company  with  another,  took  on  Thursday  night 
at  the  Troy  darn,  no  less  than   7000  fish,    of  the   sucker  tribe!     They 
were  all  towed  down  in  large  floating  cars,  alive  and  kicking,  and  were 
in  the  market  in  good  order.     They  were  brought  down  by  the  freshet 
which  has  swollen  the  river,  and  in  this  instance  no  doubt,  the  pockets 
of  enterprising  ?.nd  experienced  fi>h  rmen. 

12.  Mrs.  Rebecca    Bolles,   wife  of  Jeremiah  Wallace  died,  aged  30 
years The  water  in  the  river  was  over  the  docks  in  many  places. 

13.  Thomas  T.  Morgan  died,  aged  38.     Mary  E.  Hoffman,  daughter 

of  the  late  Levi  S  Hoffman,  aged  14,  died.     Mrs.  Kaesel  died An 

alarm  of  fire  from  a  house  in  North  Ferry  street  called  out  some  fire 

companies,  but  did  no  other  damage Specimens  of  coal  exhibited 

in  the  city,  obtained  by  boring  at  Coeymans.     Half  a  million  of  dollars 
have  been  spent  in  this  neighborhood  in  searching  for  coal,  without  any 
success,  and  the  geologists  have  decided  that  there  can  be  none. 

14    The  house^of  Edward  Thies,  in  North  Ferry  street,   entered  by 
burglars  and  robbed  of  various  articles. 

15.  Stephen  C.  Keeler  died. 

16.  Elizabeth,  .widow  of  the  late  Robert  Lottridge  died,  aged  65. 

17    Plank  road  on  the  old  Cherry  Valley  turnpike  completed  to  Guil- 
derland. 

18.  Anti  Rent  Convention  j  said  to  have  been   attended  with  snuffl 
effect. 

19.  Barley  Trade  of  Albany. — The  city  of  Albany  is  known  far  and 
wide  as  the  barley  market  of  the  Union.     At  this  market,  five  sixths  of 
the    barley  received  every  year  at  tide- water  from  the  barley  growing 
counties  of    the  west  is  bought  and  sold.     The    trade  lasts  about  two 
months,   and   during   that    time  a  very   brisk  business  is  done.     As  an 
evidence  of  the  increasing  demand    for  this  article,    we  would  mention 
that  in  1844  the  whole  quantity  of  barley  received  at  tide  water  from 
the  canals  did  not  exceed  820,000  bushels,  while  the  quantity  of  the  new 
crop  of  the  present  year  which  had  reached  tide- water  on  the  22d  inst., 
was  650,101  bushels.     Of  this  new  crop,  498,000  bushels  have  been  re- 
ported as  sold   here,  in  the  daily  reports  of  the  Argus.     This  is  about 
five-sixths  of  the  whole  receipts,  and  if  to  this  we  add  the  lots  which 
were  sold  here  to  arrive  and  which  do   not  enter  into  the   reports  of  the 
daily  sales,  the  proportion  of  sa'e?  to  receipts  is  more  than  five-sixths. 
The  sales  here  may  be  thus  classified  :  Two  rowed  barley,  252,400  bush- 
els ;  four  rowed,  201,900  ;  mixed,  43.700.     Total,  498,000  bushels. 

20.  Peter  Donelly,  a  member  of  the  Albany  Artillery  died A 

company  of  nearly  300  Portuguese  refugees  under    the  charge  of   the 
American  and  Foreign  Christian  Union,  arrived  from  New  York  in  the 
steam  boat,  to  spend  the  Sabbath,  on  their  way  to  Illinois. 

21.  Christopher  Joselyn   alias  Lillie  was  killed  in  South  Broadxvay, 

near  the  steam  boat  landing Jane  Moore,  wife  of  M.  D.  Moore, 

died  at  East  Albany,  aged  35.     David  B.  Douglass,  LL.  D.  died  at  Ge. 


362  Annals  of  Albany,  1849. 

neva  College,  where  he  was  professor  of  mathematics  and  natural  phi- 
losophy ;  he  laid  out  the  grounds  of  the  Albany  Rural  Cemetery. 

22.  Griffin's  eating  house  entered  by  burglars  and  robbed  of  money 
and  sesars. 

23.  John  Martin  died,  aged  32 Great  storm  of  wind  and  rain 

with  heavy  thunder,  in  the  evening,  destroying  the  circus  tent  and  doing 
other  damage. 

24.  Robert  C.  Russell  died,  aged  51. 

25.  The  common  conncil  resolved  to  submit  the  water  question  to  the 
people  at  the  ballot  box,  where  they  might  decide  which  of  the  projects 

for  supplying  the  city  they  would  choose,  or  decline,  to  have  water 

Mary  Elizabeth    Norton  died,  aged    18.     Anna  Layton  died,  ased  16. 
Sartelle  Prentice  died,   aged  83.  "  David  Sheridan  died,  aged  22,     Ro- 
sanna  McDonald  died,  aged  19. 

26.  Dense  fog,  detaining  the  steam  boats  from  New  York  till  nearly 
11  o'clock  A.  M. 

27.  Delia  Adams,  wife  of  Sherman  Croswell  died,  aged  39.     Anna 
Eliza,  wife  of  William  B.  Winne  died,  aged  37. 

29.  Peter  Wendell,  M.  D.,  died,  aged  64.     He  was  the  longest  resi- 
dent practitioner  of  medicine  in  the  city,  and  next  to  Dr.  Bay  the  oldest. 
Dr.  Wendell  was  a  native  of  this  city — born  in  1786.     He  received  the 
best  education  that  the  city  afforded,  and  at  the  usual  time  entered  the 
office  of  the  late  Dr.  Wm.  McLellan,   then  one  of  the  principal  physi- 
cians here      During  his  course  of  study,  he  attended  two  courses  of  lec- 
tures at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.     On  his  return  he  commenced 
the  practice  of  medicine.     This  was  in  1807,  and   we  need  scarcely  add 
how  extensive  and  lucrative  this  proved  during  the  long  period  of  42 
years.     Dr.  Wendell  received  the  honorary  degree  of  doctor  of  medicine 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  some    15  years  or  more  afier  he 
had  attended  it  as  a  student.     In  1823,  he  was  chosen  by  the  legislature 
a  regent  of  the  university,  of  which  body  he  became  chancellor  in  1842, 

and  to  which  last  office  he  has  since  been  annually  reappointed. 

Great  storm  in  the  evening.     The  wind  blew  a  hurricane,  and  the  rain 
fell  in   torrents.     The  streets  descending  from  the  hill  became  rivers, 
washing  down  great  quantities  of  stones,  clay  and  sand  ;  the  sewers  in 
some  instances  became  clogeed,  and  the  turbid  streams  overflowing  the 
side  walks,  poured  a  torrent  into  the  basements.     The  telegraph  wires 
were  blown  down  in  all  directions.  The  Isaac  Newton  gallantly  breasted 
the  storm,  and  reached  her  landing   place  at  the  usual  hour.     The  tide 

in  the  river  was  higher  than  had  been  known  for  several  years 

Statement  of  the  amount  of  freight  started  from  the  depot  at  East  Al- 
bany :— 10,053^  barre's  of  flour  :  942  barrels  of  apples  ;  1,405  boxes  of 
cheese  ;  75  bales  of  wool;  1,159  firkins  of  butter;  958  barrels  of  beef. 
Eight  trains,  with 361  cars,  were  sent  east;  the  receipts  for  freight  were 
$5,423. 

30.  Margaret  Matilda,  wife  of  Amasa  Bates  died,  aged  30. 

31.  Ellen,  wife  of  Smith  T.  Van  Buren,  and  youngest  daughter  of  the 
late  Wm.  James  died,  aged  27.     Mary,  wife  of  John  Griffin  died,  aged 
62.     Henry  Blake  died,  aged  70 A  slight  fall  of  snow  in  the  morn- 
ing  The  aggregate  of  all  assessments   approved    and   confirmed 

durins:  the  year  to  this  date  was  $66,482  50;  on  account  of  which  there 
has  been  received  during  the  same  lime  $36,952  93,  leaving  a  balance  of 
$29,529'51  due  the  city The  earnings  of  the  Albany  and  Schenec- 


Annals  of  Albany,  1849.  363 

tady  rail  road  for  the  month  of  October  were  $19,276  ;  same  time  last 
year,  $14,732;  excess  in  1849,  (equal  to  31  per  cent.)  $4,544.  The  re- 
ceipts  of  this  road  will  reach  $183,000  to  $185,000  against  $175,000  in 
1843. 

NOVEMBER,  1849. 

1.  Ice  made  in  the  open  cisterns  of  the  city  for  the  first  time  this  sea- 
son, which  had  thus  far  been  remarkably  free  from  frosts Mrs. 

Amanda  Emerson  died,  aged  52 Michal  Querk,  an  Irish  laborer, 

crushed  to  death  by  a  canal  boat. 

2  There  are  five  flouring  mills  in  successful  operation  in  or  near  this 
city,  four  of  them  are  worked  by  water  and  one  by  steam  power.  They 
have  each  four  run  of  stones,  and  consume  annually  about  400,000 
bushels  of  wheat.  The  millers  supply  themselves  in  a  great  measure 
with  grain  from  the  market,  and  these  mills  are  now  turning  out  a  goodly 
quantity  of  flour  which  forms  a  small  addition  to  our  daily  supply.  Mr. 
C.  N.  Bement,  has  also  a  small  steam  mill  in  Hudson  street,  for  flour- 
ing various  kinds  of  grain  for  family  use. 

^3.  Eliza,  wife  of  G.  G-  Vandenburgh  of  this  city,  died  at  Burdelt, 
Tompkins  co.,  aged  60. 

4.  A  fire  on  the  corner  of  Broad  and  Nucella  streets  consumed  two 
buildings,  one  of  them  owned  and  occupied  by  Mr.  Thomas  Fisher,  who 
some  time  since  lost  his  eye  sight  at  a  fire  in  Green  street,  since  which 
he  had  been   allowed   the  privilege  of  selling  coffee  and  cakes  from  a 
wagon  in  State  street  for  a  subsistence.     The  fire  was  undoubtedly  the 
work  of  an  incendiary.     While  the  fire  was  at  its  height,  and  Mr.  Fisher 
and  his  family  had  escaped  from  the  house,  and  the  excitement  some- 
what subsided,  he  made  known  to  several  friends  that  a  trunk,   which 
was  on  the  first  floor  under  his  bed,  contained,  besides  valuable  papers, 
over  $100  in   money.     Mr.    William    Bradt,  a  courageous   and    daring 
young  man,  volunteered  to  attempt  its  rescue,  and  the  next  moment  was 
in  the  room.     The  bed  and  a  portion  of  the  floor  was  on  fire,  and  the 
room  filled  wilh  smoke.     The  young  man  secured  the  trunk,  but  was  so 
near  suffocated    as  to  be  unable  to   regain  the  street  wilh    it,    and  was 
drawn  from  the  building  with  the  trunk  in  his  at  ms,  by  one  of  the  hooks 
of  a  hook  and  ladder  company,  completely  exhausted.     His  hands,  eye- 
brows and  clothes  were  much  singed.    An  offer  from  Mr.  Fisher  of  $100 
as  a  reward  for  his  intrepidity,  was  promptly  declined  by  him. 

5.  Fanny,  wife  of  John  C.  FTeermance  died,  ased  43 The  street 

committee  of  the  common  council  reported  in  favor  of  opening  Lydius 
slreet,  from  Allan  to  Magazine  street,  which  would  make  that  street  an 
uninterrupted  thoroughfare  of  thirteen  miles  in  length. 

6.  Rachel,  wife  of  Peter  Putman,  died   at  Canajoharie,  aged  40  ;  for- 
merly of  Albany The  evening  boat  for  New  York  was  detained  by 

Ike  foe  till  6  o'clock   this   morning.     The  boat   due  this   morning  from 

New  York  did  not  arrive  til!  3  o'clock  in  the  afternoon Robert  H. 

Pruyn  elected  to  the  Assembly  by  a  majority  of  292  votes  over  the  de- 
mocratic  competitor,    Dr.  Barent  P.  Slaals.     The    entire  whig   ticket 
elected  in  the  city. 


364  Annals  of  Albany,  1849. 

7.  Sarah,  wife  of  Robert  Collins  died,  aged  41... ...  ..The  following 

table  is  an  abstract  of  the  official  returns  of  the  county  vote: 

DEM.  WHIG.  MAJ. 

/adtctary-Jewett 6218    Spencer 5916      302 

Hogeboom 5569     Wrisht 6766     1197 

State Lott 5604     W.  Hunt 6933     1329 

Randall    5729     Morgan 6359     1130 

Chatfield 6127     Stevens 6244       117 

Welch ..5713     A.  Hunt 6372     1159 

Campbell 5917     Seymour 6660       743 

Follett 6131     Beach 6444       313 

Clark 6235     Squire 6369       134 

Sector McKwen 6041     Johnson.. 6466      425 

f Fenner 6059     Beardsley*    6335       326 

^,'or/c B'anchard 5909     Lay*...    6593       639 

Justice- Daw 5769     McKown* 6612      852 

Coroners— Brower* 6199     Liindon* 6362 

Parker 60,30     Winne*... 7041 

Wadsworth 6019    Blaisdell 6018 

•Elected. 

8.  The  following  gratifying  testimonial  of  the  skill  and  enterprise  of 
artists,    mechanics   and    horticulturists   of    Albany   and  viciniiy,    was 
awarded  by   the   American  Institute  upon  articles  exhibited  at  Us  late 
fair:  Wilson,  Thorburn  &  Geller,  Albany,  for  a  very  fine  assortment  of 
apples— 6  Nos.  Hovey's  Fruit  ;  the  same  for  a  fine  assortment  of  pears 
Downing's   Fruit  Trees.     Robert  Selkirk,  Bethlehem,  Albany   county, 
for  the  best   and   largest  pumpkins — Bridgman's  Gardner's  Assistant. 
H.  L.  Emery,  Albany,  corn  and  seed    planter,  and  drill  bearer — silver 
medal  ;  the  same  for  improved  overshot  threshing  machine  and  sepa- 
rator— silver  medal  ;  the  same  for  best  churn — silver  medal  j  the  same 
for  the  best  ox  yoke — diploma  ;  the  same   for  the  best  hay,  straw  and 
stalk  cutter,  curved  knives — diploma  ;  also  for  a  dyanometer  for  testing 
ploughs — silver  medal.     Smith  &  Feltman,  best  Britannia  ware — silver 
medal.     D.  Harris,  jr.,  bronze  velvet  window  shades — diploma.     D.  E. 
Gavit,  for  daguerreotypes — diploma.  Learned,  for  superior  cooking  stove 
and  W.  Cobb,  hotel  range,  received  medals.     Boardman  &,  Gray,  Dolce 
Campana  attachment  to  piano  forte — silver  medal.     Satterlee,  cast  iron 
mirror  frames  highly  gilt  and  burnished — 'Silver  medal. 

9.  After  nearly  a  week  of  rainy  weather  the  river  commenced  rising, 
and  the  merchants  on  the  dock  began  to  hoist  their  goods  to  the  second 

loft A  Drummond  light  exhibited  successfully  for  the  first  lime  in 

this  city,   from  the  top  of  the  Museum Canal  boat  Hartford,  be- 
longing to  J.  H.  Mallory  &.  Co.  arrived  from  Buffalo  with  875  barrels  of 

flour  between  decks — the  largest  quantity  ever  brought  by  one  boat 

John  Gill  died,  aged  39. 

10.  Such  of  the  forwarders  and  flour  merchants  along  the  dock  and 
pier  as  had  not  secured  Iheir  stock  from  the  freshet,  met  with  losses  by 
the  sudden  rise  on  Friday  night.     Every  thing  presented  the  appearance 
of  a  spring  freshet,  only  that  the  damage  was  much  greater  in  not  being 
provided  asainst,  at  a  busy  season.     Much  property  was  carried  away 
by  the  overflowing  of  the  pier,  and  vessels  even  broke  from  their  moor- 
ings.    The  freshet  extended  as  far  as  Hudson Mary  Teresa  Shal- 
low died,  aged  18. 


Annals  of  Albany,  1849.  365 

11.  The  water  in  the  river  had  fallen  two  feet  since  Friday  night.... 
Trinity  Church  took  fire  from  its  furnace  in  the   evening,  but  was  only 

slightly   damaged Samuel  W.  Harned  died,  aged  59.     Mrs.  Ho- 

nourah  Conway  died,  aged  52. 

12.  Capt.  Samuel  A.  Brooks,  died 

13.  Ann    Stewart  died,  aged  33 Josiah    Murton,  a  hand   on  a 

schooner,  fell  overboard  and  was  drowned  ;  age  17, Annual  meet- 
ing of  Albany    County   Medical  Society;  address    by  Dr.  James   Me- 
Naughton.  on  cholera. 

14.  Mary   A.,  wife  of  George  E.  Cady  died,  aged  37.     The  Emmet 
Guards  went  down  to  New  York  to  participate  in  the  funeral  obsequies 
of  Gen.  Worth  on  the  15th. 

15.  Philo  Colvard  died,  aeed  74.     Hannah  Margaret,  wife  of  TJK     as 

Jordan,  late  of  Albany,  died  at  Troy,  aged  26 Jacob  Smith,  «  ,H»w 

of  Albany,  was  robbed  at'Dansville,  Livingston  county,  of  $4000  Worm 
of  jewelry. 

16.  Thomas  McGuire  died,  aged  34. 

17  The  rail  road  took  from  this  city  and  delivered  in  Boston,  during 
the  week  ending  this  day,  29,300  barrels  flour,  averaging  nearly  5000 
barrels  a  day. 

19.  Deidamia,  widow  of  the  late  Timothy  Adams,  of  Barre,  Mass., 

died,  aged  74 Joseph  Mayhew,mate  of  a  Rhode  Island  sloop,  fell 

overboard   and  was   drowned;  aged   40 Very  rainy,  from   New 

York  to  Buffalo. 

20.  Selah    Belden  died,  aged  35 Canal   receipts   at  Albany; 

Flour  9,743  brls .;  ashes  26  do;  beef  284   do;  pork  10  do;  whiskey,  &c. 
42  do:  corn  15,268  bushels;  barley  7. 630  do ;  oats  6,159  do;  rye  3,960 
do;  wheat  2,2^)0  do;  potatoes  7  do;  butter  11,523  Ibs.  ;  woo!27,130  do  ; 
hams  and  bacon  29,370  do. 

21.  The  canal  boat  Hartford,  Capt.  Van  Alstyne,  which  left  Buffalo 
on  the  10th  tnst,  arrived  at  this  port  with  910   barrels  flour  shipped  to 

J.  H.  Mallory  &  Co Henry  H.  Dodge  died  by  the  wound  of  a  pin. 

aged  18. 

22.  Nearly300  emigrants  came  up  from  New  York,  among  whom  were 
a  number  of  Hungarians Burglars  entered  the  stores  of  L.  M.  Gil- 
bert and  Averill  &  Marshall  on  the  dock,  blasted  the  safe  open,  and  re- 
tired with  a  few  dollars  in  copper  coin  and  counterfeit  bills. 

23.  Collins  W.  Simonds  died,  aged  30 Canal  receipts  at  Albany, 

Nov   23:  Flour  22,101   barrels;  ashes  64  do ;  beef  1,816  do;  whiskey, 
&c.  202  do;  corn  8,750  bushels;  barley  13,713  do  ;  oats  7,823  do;  wheat 
2,010  do  ;  peas  46  do  ;  potatoes  693  do  ;  seed  6,300  Ibs  ;  butter  57.950 
do  ;  wool  14,954  do  ;  hams  and  bacon  4,292  do. 

24.  Barbary  Hamburgh  died,  ased  24 A  laborer  by  the  name 

of  Couehlin,  fell  from  the  Cathedral  and  was  killed  ;  his  age  35. 

25.  Mary  Brower  died,  aged  71.     Maurice  O'Conner  died,  aged  70. 
Patrick  McNamara  died,  aged  44.     Mrs.  Martha  Jacobs  died,  aged  68. 

26.  Martha  Russell,  of  New  Bedford,  died,  aaed  76 The  Water 

Works  Company  proposed  to  supply  the  city  more  effectally  with  wa- 
ter by  increasing   their  capital  to  $450,000,  and   forcing  water  up  from 

the  river The  finance  committee  of  the  common  council  reported 

that  the  sum  of  $168,003  36  be  raised  by  a  tax  for  the  support  of  the  city 
government  for  the  ensuing  year.     We  annex  a  statement  of  the  amounts 
necessary  to  meet  the  wants  for  the  several  departments  : 

31 


366  Annals  of  Albany,  1849. 

For  expenses  of  night  police $18,000-00 

11    public  lamps 10,000'UO 

"    contingent  expenses 

(ordinary) $3000000 

"    expense  of  fire  department 20,00000 

On  account  of  payment  to  pier  proprietors  to  ob- 
tain their  consent  to  ihe  law  relative  to  ex- 
penditures for  excavating  Albany  Basin,  &c.  10,000  00 

60.000-00 

To  pay  interest  on  city  debt 45.500'GO 

On  account  of  sinking  fund 10  000-00 

For  support  of  common  schools 9,003 -36 

"    alterations  and  repairs  to  district  school  No.  10 500-00 

For  temporary  relief  of  city  poor 5,000-00 

For  probable  balance  that  will  remain  unpaid  May  1,  1850, 
on  assessments  and  apportionments  for  improving  streets, 
&c  ,  approved  and  confirmed  during  the  year  ending  No- 
vember 1, 1849 '. 10,000  '00 


$168,00-336 

Canal  receipts  at  Albany:  Flour  13.503  barrels  ;  ashes  110  do  ;  beef 
264  do;  whiskey,  &c  1*9  do  ;  corn  6.255  bushels;  barley  16,129  do; 
oats  5  006  do;  rye  3. 546  do;  wheat  8300  do;  peas  125  do;  potatoes 
2,575  do  ;  seed  19,000  Ibs;  butter  80,930  do;  cheese  68,260  do;  wool 
12,15*  do. 

27.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  M.  Noyes  died The  upper  barley  lofts  of 

John  Taylor,  on  the  dock,  gave  way  and  carried  every  thing  with  them 
into  the  cellar. 

28.  Canal  receipts  at  Albany:  Flour  31.340  barrels;  ashes  147  do; 
beef  2,410  do;  pork  77  do  ;  \\iiiskey ,  &c   64  do;  corn    1,178  bushels; 
barley,  4.354  do;  oats  7C60  do  ;  rye  2,000  do;  wheat  431  do  ;  peas  340 
do  :  poiatoes  1.923  do  ;  seed  45,000  Ihs;  butler  120,000  do  ;  cheese  199,- 
540  do  ;  wool  35,733  do  ;  hams  and  bacon  4.526  do. 

29.  Thanksgiving The  Albany  and  New  York  steam  tug  Oswego 

arrived  at  New  York  having  41  Canal  barges  and  boats  in  tow,  all  deeply 
laden  with  produce  of  various   kinds,  the   largest   and  almost  the  last 

tow  of  the  season Philo  Redman  murdered  on  the  Schenectady 

turnpike. 

30.  James  Birmingham  died,  aged  50 The  canal  receipts  at  Al- 
bany during  the  4th  week  in  Nov.  were — Flour  103.743  barrels  ;  ashes 
466  do  ;  beef  9459  do;  pork  587  do  ;  whiskey,  &c  737  do;  corn  24.902 
bushels  ;  barley  52,906  do  ;  oats  32,458  do ;  rye  9.716  do ;  wheat  14.241 
do;  peas  765  do  ;  potatoes  7  970  do  ;  seeds  147.615  Ibs  ;  butler  533,270 
do;  cheese  £10,725  do;  lard  137,280  do  ;  wool  121..865  do;  hams  and 
bacon  14.146  do. 

The  net  income  of  L.  Van  Deusen,  Clerk  of  Albany  county,  for  last 
year,  as  reported  by  him  to  the  board  of  supervisors,  is  $5,517  f 


Albvny  Real  and  Personal  Estate  and  Taxes.        367 


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368         Bond  of  the  Aldermen  of  Schenectady,   1766. 


BOND  OF  THE  ALDERMEN  OF  SCHENECTADY,  1766. 

The  following  is  printed  from  the  autograph  copy,  found  among  the 
Vrooman  papers,  of  a  bond  given  by  the  Aldermen  and  assistants  of  Sche- 
nectady,  in  1766  to  carry  out  certain  measures  in  case  of  their  being 
sworn  into  office.  The  orthography  and  capitalizing  of  the  original  is 
preserved  throughout  : 

Know  all  men  by  these  Presents,  That  wee  John  Sanders  Caleb  Beck, 
Abraham  Fonda  Joseph  R.  Yaties,  John  Glen  Junr.  &.  Ryer  Schermer- 
horn  Esqrs.  Kllecied  aldermen  for  the  Borrough  town  of  Schenectady.  and 
Henry  Glen,  Nicolas  Van  Petten,  John  Vioger.  Jnnr.  Abm.  Wemple, 
Nicolas  DeGraat,  &  Andries  Trnax  Gentlemen  Ellected  Assistants  lor 
said  Borrough,  are  Jointly  &  Severally  held  &  firmly  bound  unto  Isaac 
Vrooman  &.  John  Duncan  Esqrs.  of  said  Borrough  in  the  Sum  of  Five 
hundred  Pounds  Current  Money  of  the  Province  of  New  York  to  be  paid 
to  the  said  Isaac  Vrooman  &  John  Duncan  for  which  Payment  well 
&  truly  to  bee  made  wee  hereby  bind  ourselves  severaly  &.  Joinly  firmly 
by  these  Presents  tealed  with  our  Seals  dated  this  5th.  day  of  Deer.  1766, 
in  the  Seventh  Year  of  His  Majesty  s  Reign 

The  Condition  of  this  Obligation  is  Such  That  if  the  above  Bounden  Al- 
dermen &,  assistants  as  above,  Shall  do  well  &  truly  Qualify  in  their  res- 
pective  Ofices  as  aldermen  &,  assistants  for  the  Borrough  of  Schenectady 
within  Eight  days  af.er  the  Governor  Grants  a  New  or  additional  Charter 
for  the  said  Borrough  with  the  Alterations  or  Amendments  to  the  Present 
Charter  of  the  foilowing  Articles  Vizt.  That  the  Boundarys  of  the  Corpo- 
ration shall  be  extended  according  to  letters  Pattent  dated  Novr.  6th. 
1764,  And  that  the  Aldermen  shall  not  be  for  life,  but  that,  they  shall  be 
Ellected  Yearly  or  Every  throe  years,  as  the  Governor  shall  be  pleased  to 
Grant,  And  that  none  of  the  Inhabitants  of  said  Borrough  shall  be  Oblig'd 
to  take  out  a  Licence  for  there  Wagons  but  to  use  them  at  there  will  and 
Pleasure  And  that  the  Children  of  the  Freeholders  and  free  men  give  a 
Certain  Sum  Not  Exceeding  Six  Shillings  for  there  freedome  then  this  Ob- 
ligation to  be  Vo  d  and  of  no  Effect  otherwise  to  remain  in  full  force. 

Sealed  and  Delivered  John  Sanders 

in  the  presence  of  us  Calb  B    k 

Matthew  Lynd  ,. 

Alexander  Campbell  Abraham  Fonda 

Joseph  R.  Yates 
Jno  Glen  Jr. 

John  Glen  Jrfor  Ryer  Schermerhom 
Signed  Sealed  k  delivered  by  Jno  Glen  Junr.  for 
Ryer  Schermerhorn,  in  Presence.of  us 

Alexander  Campbell 
Edward  Burrowes 

Henry  Glen 
Signd  Scald  &  Deliverd  in  the  Presenc  of  us  Nicolaes  Van   petten 


Alexander  Campbell  Jwm  Wempel 

Aendres  Truax 
ni^olas  degraf 


INDEX. 


Albany,  plan  of,  136 
"  ancient,  137 
u  distance  from  prin 

cipal  cities,  138 
"        first  visited,  138 

charter  granted,  14 
"        architecture,  141 
"        county,  142 
"  "     towns  in  1790 

142 
"  "       "          incor 

porated,  145 
"        incorporated,  145 
"        population  1795, 15J 
«        in  1789,  314 
"        in  1796,  316 
«        in  1823,  305 
"        charter  officers,  37 
"        penitentiary,  149 
«       bank  of,  31 
"        city  bank,  33 
"        exchange  bank,  33 
"        savings  bank,  34 
"        ins.  company,  34 
"        academy,  75 
"  "  cornei 

stone  laid,  76 
"        female  academy,  80 
"        si  oop  in  1796,  153 
"        evening  journal  cir- 
culation, 167 
"        hort.  society,  177 
"        and  boston  rail  road 

receipts.  177 
"        gal  of  fine  arts,  39 
"        exchange  co.  39 
"        water  works  co.  40 
"        hydrant  co.  40 
"        and  cohoes  rail  road 

company,  40 
"        society  of  brotherly 

love,  42 
"  city  tract  society,  43 
"  county  bible  soc.  43 
«  "  medical  so- 

ciety,  43 

"        and  rensselaer  hor- 
ticultural soc.  43 
"       repub.  artillery,  44 


Albany  burgesses  corps,  44 
"        emmet  guards,  44 
"        Washington     rifle- 
men, 44 

Abeel,  johannis,  25.  152 

Academy,  albany,  75,  286 
"          female,  80 

Adams,  J.  Q.,  166 

Agassiz  lecturesj  166 

Agency,  209 

Agricultural  society,  342 

Agricultural  implements,  209 

Alarm  bell,  346 

Albertsen,  hendrick,  22 

Allen,  james,  354 

Allen,  C   P  ,'357 

Alida,  speed  of,  171 

Alida,  speedy  trip,  353 

Alms-house,  159,    161,  165 
166,319,341,355.357 

Anti.renters,  160,  166,  178 

Anti-rent  convention,  361 

Appeals,  first  court  of,  159 

Arbnr  hill   burying   ground, 
161,  350 

Arbor  hill  school,  48,  350 

Architects,  209 

Armorial  bearings,  90 

Arms  of  rensselaerswyck,198 

Armsby,  dr.,  342 

Arsenal,  309 

Artillery,  356,  359 

Artists,  209 

Artists'  materials,  225 

Artists'  premiums,  364 

Assault  and  battery,  161 

Associations,  &c.  317 

Attorneys,  36 

Auctioneers,  209 

Aurora    borealis,    162,   166, 
169,  173 

Autumn,  265,  359 

Avarice  of  al  banians,  272 

Bachelor  tax,  161 

Baker,  J.  B.,  351 

Bakers,  209 

lakers  prosecuted,  160 

Bakker,  wm.  juriaensen,  19, 
24 


Balloon  ascension,  175 
Band  and  fancy  boxes,  225 
Banishment,  sentence  of,  204 
Banks,  31 

"      of  albany,  31,  317 
"      N.  Y.  stale,  32 

mech.   and   farmer's, 

"      commercial,  33 
canal,  33 
albany  city,  33 
albany  exchange,  33 

"      savings,  34 
Banks,  N.  O.,  360 
Baptist  society,  163 
Barbers,  209 
Barley,  266,  361 
Barlow's  prediction,  304 
Barnburners,  159,  160,  161, 

174,  177 
Barry,  bill,  346 
Barry,  thos.,  325 
Basin,  310,  346 
Basket-maker,  225 
Bassett,  J.,  89,  1 19 
Bath,  316 
Bath  ferry,  345 
Baths,  225 
Batteaux,  264 
Batlerman,  C.,  S40 
Batty,  B.  B.,  351 
Bay,  andrew,  130 
Beaver  kill,  146 
Beavers,  price  of,  194 
Beck,  T.  R  ,  76 
3edstead  makers,  209 
3eekman,  Johannes,  278 
Beeren  island,  198-9 
Bell-hanger,  225 
Bell,  st  peter's,  285 
Bell-founder,  225 
Belden,  selah,  365 
Bement,  C.  N.,  363 
Benedict,  L.,  P.  M  ,  341 
Bern,  145 

3eth  Jacob,  134,  170 
3ethel  for  watermen,  133 
Sethel  congregation,  136 
Bethel,  Jacob,  347 


370 


Index. 


Bethlehem,  145,  202 
Bethlehem  turnpike  compa- 
ny, 320 

Beverwyck,  140 
Bible  society,  albany  county, 

229 

Bible,  groesbeck,  249 
Bird,  stuffer,  225 
Birmingham,  366 
Births,  marriages  and  deaths, 

235 

Births,  quadruple,  349 
Blacksmiths,  209 
Black,  J.  R  ,  347 
Blake,  H .,  362 
Bleecker,  rutger,  25 
Bleecker,    harmanus,      190, 

276,  299,  353 

Block  and  pump-makers,  209 
Bloodgood,  capt..  258 
Board  of  trade,  41,  165,  320. 

348 

Board  of  supervisors,  322 
Boarding  houses,  209 
Bogart,  D.  S.  130 
Bone  dealer,  225 
Bonnet  and  straw  goods,  225 
Bonnet  bleacher,  225 
Book-binders,  209 
Book-sellers  and  publishers, 

210 

Booksellers,  1772,  325 
Boston,  trade  with,  46 
Boston  rail-road,  341,  362. 

265 

Boston  ferry,  345 
Boot  and  shoe  dealers,  210 
Boot  and  shoe-makers,  210 
Bowne,  rohert,  sailed,  343 
Bowling  alleys,  210 
Boyd's  island,  139 
Bradford,  J.  M.,  89,  90 
Bradt  de  normal).  139 
Bradt,  albert  andriessen,  de 

noorman.  15 
Bradt,  wm  363 
Brannon.  james,  345 
Brass-founders,  210 
Breadstuff's  received,  164 
Bread,  266,  336 
Brewery,  202,  205 
Brewers,  210 

Bricks,  manufacture  of,  158 
Brick  makers.  210 
Bridge  over  basin,  168.  349 

"         "    hud  son  river 
Britton,  S.  B   135 
Brock,  S.  A.  365 
Brodhead  documents,  344 
Brokers,  210 
Bronck,  pieter,  23 
Brown,  J.  C.  358 
Brash  maker,  225 
Buildings,  72 
Builders,  210  ^ 


Burgoyne,  256 

Charter  election,  169" 

Burgesses  corps'  excurs.  357 

Charter  officers,  37 

Burgesses  corps,  318 

Charity,  public,  347 

Burgess,  R.  H.  357 

Charity,  fire  department,  164 

Burglaries,  341  to  366 

Charcoal,  269 

Burials,  book  of,  121 

Chandler,  212 

Burials,  355 

Chapel  holy  innocents,  349, 

Burial  customs,  121 

350 

Burials,  dutch  church,  235 

Chair.makers,  212 

Burial  groundj  hallenbeck, 

Change,  meeting  on,  347 

341,  346 

Chemist,  225 

Burnt  district.  176 
Burton,  J.  I.  346 

Cherry  valley  plank  road,  361 
Chief  engineer  elected,  163 

Bush,  S.  346 

China,  glass,  &c.  212 

Business  directory,  208-29 

China,  voyage  to,  261 

Butler,  B.  F.,  lecture,  162 

China  tea  sets,  261 

Butler,  J.  W.  352 

Chifferder,  351 

Butler,  John,  353 

Chimneys.  268 

Buttermilk  creek,  146,  166 

Cholera,  350  to  358 

Cabinet-makers,  210 

Cholera  cases  in  July,  355 

Cahill,  John,  356 

Cholera  cases  in  aug.  357 

California,  lecture  on,  326 

Christian  mutual  benefit  so- 

California company  left,  342, 

ciety,  41,  163 

345 

Churches,  list  of,  72 

Caldwell,  james,  330 

Churches,  315 

Caldwell,  wm.  76 

Church,  first  in  albany,.  86 

Caldwell,wm.,  died,  168 

"      stone,  88 

Campbell,  rev.  W.  H.  76 

"      north  dutch,  89 

Campbell,  J.  N.  131 

"      south  dutch,  182 

Camphene,  225 

"      old  lot  sold,  90 

Canal  bank,  33,  346,  352 

"      pulpit,  91 

Canal  hank,  33,  closed,  173 

"      ministers  of,  91 

Canals,  310.313 

"      note  of  hand,  93 

Canal  opened,  348 

"      records,  96 

Canal,  closing  of,  329 

"       baptisms,  96 

Canals,  trade  and  commerce 

"      early  members  of,  97 

of,  9,  closed,  1^2 

"      pasture,  pat'nt  of,  101 

Canal  tolls,  163 

"      pasture,  sale  of,  121 

Canal,  erie,  predicted,  304 

(       patent,  165 

Canal  receipts,  164,  356,  365. 

antiquities,  119 

366 

'      collections,  120 

Canal  boat,  large  load,  364. 

1      stone  step,  120 

365 

'      burial  ground,  121 

Canadian  invasion,  2S8 

{      opened,  165 

Canoes,  264,  274-5 

1      lots  sold,  160 

Cap-makers,  210 

'       lutheran,  122 

Capitol,  307 

«      united  presb.  132 

Capital,  removal  of,  167 

"      ger.ref.  124,128 

Carpenters  and  builders,  210 

"      ger.  ev.  lutheran,  129 

Carpetings,  210 

c      universalist,  135 

Carpet  weavers,  211 

c      first  presbyterian,  130 

Carriage  makers,  211 

'        "    ministers,  130 

Cartmen,  211 

'        "    trustees,  131 

Carver,  225 

'        "    deacons,  131 

Carroll',  james.  360 

'         "    elders,  132 

Cassidy,  C.  318 

"        "    reminis'ces,  132 

Cas;»idy,  J.  P.  355 

"      trinity,  182 

Casting,  birge.  358 

Circus  tent  destroyed,  362 

Castle  island,  166 

City  bank,  317 

Catskill.  see  katskill 

City  debt.  346,  366 

Cattle,  tabled.  265 

City  missionary,  318 

Cathedral,  161,  173,  359,  365 

City,  prospects  of.  330 

Cement,  212 

City  rail-road  sinking  fund, 

Centennial  aniMversary,  335 

341 

Charter,  307 

City  taxes,  see  taxes 

Index. 


371 


City  tavern,  295 

City  finances,  48 

City  appointments,  169,  170 

City  and  co.  buildings,  71 

City  records,  103 

Civil  officers,  302 

Civil  engineer,  &c.  225 

Clark,  ralph,  359 

Clark,  G.  T.  349 

Clark,  james,  died,  160 

Clay,  H.,  in  albany,  358 

Clergy,  list  of,  35 

Clergymen,  212 

Clemshire,  wm.  355 

Clocks,  212 

Closing  of  canals,  326 

Clothing  stores,  212X 

Clothes  cleaner,  225 

Cluett,  P.  359 

Coach  painter,  225 

Coach  ware,  &c.  212 

Coal  dealers,  212 

Coal,  146,  165,  312,  361 

Cobb,  E.  349 

Co-directors,  206 

Coeymans,  145 

Cofiee  factories,  212 

Cohoes,  147 

Cohoes  village  charter,  172 

Cohoes  rail  road,   40,   168, 

171.  349 

Colonie,  140.  311 
Colonie,  regulations,  191 
Cold  days,  163,  165,  167,  169. 

178,181,182,244,  341,342 
Cole,  ^V.  B.  341 
Columbia  steamer  up,  345 
Colvard.  philo,  365 
Cold.  268,  329 
Commercial  bank,  33,  317 
Common  council,  59,  311 
Common  council,  new,  347 
Commis-ion  merchants.  212 
Common  schools,  366 
Commercial  despatch,  173 
Commerce,     ancient,    258, 

260,  270 

^'CombVand  fancy  goods,  225 
' 


Confectioners,  213 
Constitution,  adoption  of,  ce 

lebrated,  330 
Convention,  const.  330 
Contribution  bag,  90 
Conveyances  in  1796,  155 
Conveyances  in  1746,  274 
Cook,  capt.  John,  167 
Coopers,  213 

Coorn,  nich  >las,  22.  199,  200 
Copper-smiths,  213' 
Coroner.  225 
Coroner,  accident  to,  170 
Corn,  large  arrival,  159,  161 
Corporation,  lavish,  307 
Corporations,  ICQ  317 


Corsets,  225 
Cotter,  John,  351 
oughlin,  365 

Counterfeiters  arrested,  347 
Counsellors,  213 
iourtright,  P.  34 1 
Dourtright,  L.  343 
bounty  officers,  49 
Bounty  taxes,  342 
Counties,  list  of,  50,  55 
County  towns,  distances,  313 
County  clerk  fees,  366 
County  medical  society,  318 
Court,  justices'j  168,  172 

ourt,  337,  336 
Crane,  L.  H.  345 
rape,  import  of,  323 
reditors,  U.  S.  282 
Crier,  225 
Crippen,  John,  359 
Crittenden,  alonzo,  82 
Criminal  calendar,  161,  165 

177,  179 
Curdy,  J.  359 
Curler,  arent  van,  15 
Custom  house,  46 
Customs,  ancient,  119 
Cuyler,  C.  J.  352 
Daguerreotypes,  214 
Daly,  michael,  345 
Dam,  jan  jansen,  16 
Daniels,  warner,  341 
Davenport,  J.  B.  349 
Davis,  W.  A   359 
Days,  length  of,  55 
Dean,  capt.  261 
Deals,  exported,  266 
Deaths,  2^5.  336 
Debt,  48,  346 
Debt,  imprisonment,  323 
De  groff,  O.  G.  351 
Dellius,  G.  88 

"       deposed,  95 
"       salary  subs'ed,  104 
Delavan.  H.  W.  77 
Democratic  nominations,163 

36U 
Democratic  convention,  159 

"  meeting,  161 

Dentists,  36,  214 
Dennison,  wm.  334 
Depot,  large,  174 
De  russy,  a'.ida,  345 
De  win  clinton  engine  com. 

pany,  40 

Dewey,  O.  241,  349 
Diamond,  J    W.  352 
Die  sinker,  225 
Diligent  fire  engine,  285 
Dire  etc  ry,  1849,  25 
Distances    from   albany  to 

various  points,    62  to  70, 

313 

Distillers,  214 
Distins,  352 


Diseases,  295 

Dist.  school  celebration,  160, 
172 

Docks,  281 

Documents,  brodhead,  344 

Dodge,  H.  H.  365 

Dogs  muzzled,  169 

Dog  law,  336 

Dominie's  house,  102,  121 

Donnelly,  P.  361 

Donahue,  John,  359 

Dorr,  alfred,  347 

Douglas,  D.  B.  361 

Draughtsman,  225 

Dredger,  &c.  225 

Dress- makers,  214 

Drouth,  265 

Drugs,  medicines,  &c.  214 

Drum-maker,  225 

Drummond  light,  364 

Dry  goods,  214 

Dry  goods,  1790,  322 

Du  Bois,  G.  88 

Durant,  dark,  134 

Dutch  church,  86,  269 

"  buiials,  235 

"  '3d,  356 

Dutchmen,  271 

Dutchman,  sunday,  351 

Dutch  parsimony,  307 

Dyers,  215 

Dyke,  46 

Hagle  engine  company,  40 

Easterbrook,  347 

Eating  houses,  215 

Economy,  273 

Eights,  dr.  J.  175,  343 

Election,  city,  347 

Election  returns,  364 

Election,  presidential,  180 

Elkens,  J.  J.  139,  185 

Ellison,  rev.  T  285,  286 

Elliott,  H.  348 

Elm  tree,  284,  237 

Emerson,  wm.  B.  172 

Emmet  guards,  365 

Emigration,  275 

Emmons,  E.  342 

Empire  wrecked,  349 

English  preaching,  first,  121 

Eiig.  first  set.  pastor,  121 

English  church,  269,  284^5 

Engine  companies,  319 

Engine  house,  74 

""  affray,  159, 162, 172,174 

Engineers'  meeting,  341 

Engravings,  215 

Ensign,  T.  358 

Erie  canal,  prediction,  304 

Estates  of  merchants,  271 

Evans,  david,  348 

Evangelical  lulh.  church,  122 

Evening  journal,  346 

Exchange  bank,  33,  317 

Exchange  co.,  albany,  39 


372 


Index. 


Exchange  company,  320 

Execution  place,  tory,  290 

Expenditures,  city,  48 

Expenses,  48,  311 

Experiment,  sloop,  261 

Expresses,  215 

Express,  alhany  morning,  159 

Express  routes,  12 

Family  rec.  groesbeck,  247 

Fancy  goods,  215 

Fancy  box-maker,  225 

Fargo,  F.  358 

Far  west,  275 

Farnham,  lewis,  342 

Fashions,  323 

Fassett,  amos,  343 

Fast,  national,  355 

Fay,  dr.  341 

Featherly,  J.  345 

Federalists,  330 

Feed  store,  225 

Female  academy,  352,  353 

Ferries,  310,  336 

Ferry-master,  first,  22 

Figurative  map,  139 

File  cutters,  225 

Finding  stores,  215 

Fink,  fred.  342 

Fink,  elias,  356 

Fine  for  calumny,  104 

Fires,  159,  160,  162,  164, 
16fi,  168,  170,  171,  172, 
173,  174,  175,  177,  179, 
180,  181,  182,  341,  34-2, 
343,  344,  346.  847,  348, 
350,  351,  352,  353,  356 

Fire  engines,  225,  285,  311 

Fire  law,  new,  181 

Fire  department,  319 

Fire  departm't  charities,  164 
"  reorganized,  178,  181 

Fire  police,  319,  349 

Fire,  anniversary  of,  356 

Firemen's  insurance  co.  34 

Fire  brick,  215 

First  great  west,  turnpike,  41 

First  pres.  church,  293 

Fisk,  francis,  344 

Fish,  hamilton,  inaug.  341 

Fisher,  361 

Fisher,  T.  D.  363 

Fishing  tackle,  225 

Flour,  159, 161,  162,  163, 178 

Flour,  large  transport,  160 

Flour  arrival,  352,  356,  357, 
362,  364,  365,  366 

Flour  dealers,  215 

Flouring  mills,  363 

Florists  and  nurserymen,  215 

Fog,  362 

Foot  race,  162,  179 

Foot,  ebenezer,  80 

Forgery,  163,  171,  176,  348 

Fort,  270,  2S4,  286,  287,  312 

Fort  on  beereu  island,  198-9 


Fort  hunter  plank  road,  321 

Grindstones,  226 

Fort  orange,  85,  187 

Groesbeck,  record,  249 

Fort  at  albany,  139,  184 

Grocers,  216 

Foreigners'  meeting,  169 

Gross,  samuel,  356 

Forwarding  merchants,  215 

Ground  frozen,  268 

Fourth  July,  1796,  154 

Guilder!  and,  145 

Fourth  July,  172,  173,  352 

Gun-smiths,  216 

Foundling,  347 

Gutter-spouts,  270,  314 

Foxen  kill,  146,  175 

Halibut,  large,  169 

Frasier,  ad  am,  352 
Freeholders  in  1720,  231 

Hallenbeck  burial  grcund, 
341,  346 

Frelinghuysen,  88,  113 

Halo,  354 

Fresh  fish.  215 

Halley,  lecture,  343 

Freshet,  163,  200 

Hallo  way,  rev.  wm.  356 

Friends  society,  135 

Hamilton,  gen.  257 

Frost,  first,  159 

Hammond,  wells  S.  343 

Frost,  171,  172,  178 

Hauna,  rev.  W   130 

Frost,  effects  of,  265,  360 

Hand,  isaac  P.  249 

Fruit,  215 

Hangman,  337 

Fruits  described,  265 

Hardware  dealers,  219 

Funeral  ceremonies,  315 

Harris,  judge,  347 

Fund,  R.  R  sinking,  341 

Harned,  S.  W.  365 

Fur  trade,  194,  197 

Harvey,  L.  Z.  352 

Fur  and  caps,  215 

Hartwick,  J.  C.  125,  127 

Furniture  ware-houses,  215 

"         seminary,  126 

Furnaces  and  ranges,  226 
Fuyck,  132,  140,  192 

Harman,  thos.  W.,  died,  167 
Hatred  of  albanians,  272-3 

Gallery  of  fine  arts,  39 

Hats,  caps  and  furs,  219 

Gallery  built  in  church,  104 

Haynn,  barent,  347 

Gallup,  albert,  46 

Hays,  solomon,  353 

Gardens.  216 

Hay,  226 

Gardeners,  216 

Health  of  city,  336 

Gas-fitters,  216 

Hecker,  baron,  359 

Gas,  death  by,  342 

Helderbergs,  146 

Gas  tank,  accident,  180 

Hendrick  hud  son,  speed,  171 

Genesee  valley,  275 

Herbs,  219 

Gent's  furnishing  stores,  216 

Hermans,  John,  346 

German  immigrants,  359 

Herera,  gen.  351 

German  language,  125,  129 
Ger.  ref  ed  church,  124,  128 

Hertg  ITS,  pieter,  22 
Hibernian  prov.  society,  41, 

"     ev.  luth.  church,  129 

320 

Gerritsen,  martin  van  ber- 

High  water,  163,  171,  268, 

gen,  15 

361,  364 

Gill,  John,  364 

High  mass,  345 

Glen,  sander  leendertsen,  20 
Globes,  216 

Higgins,  C.  354 
Hides  and  leather,  219 

Glovers,  216 

Hillman,  wm.  357 

Glue  manufacturer,  226 

Hochstrasser.  paul,  128 

Goetwater,  ernestus,  123 

Hogeboom,  J.359 

Gold-beater,  226 

Hogs,  large,  344 

Goodrich,  horace,  80 

Hogs,  running  at  large,  349 

Gough,  J.  B.  342 

Hogan,  garret  died,  173 

Gould,  wm  286 

Holmes,  H.  360 

Grace  church,  349 

Holy  innocents,  chapel,  349, 

Grates,  267 

350 

Grains,  266,  360 

Hooges,  antonie  de,  22 

Grate  manufactory,  226 

Horticultural  articles,  219 

Grammar  school,  74 

"            premiums,  364 

Great  fires,  170,  175 

"           society,  344, 

Great  consistory,  89 

351,  359 

Great  western  turnpike  road, 
321,  349 

Horses  killed,  347 
Horses  drowned,  347,  351 

Gregory,  matthew,  285 

Hosiery,  226 

Gregory,  M.,  died,  172 

Hospitality,  want  of,  27$ 

Griffin,  J.  H.  159,  J64 

Hospital,  346 

Index. 


373 


Hose  depot,  358 
Housatonic  trains,  164,  313 
Houses  in  albany,  1786,  85 
Houses,  201,  269,  270,  311. 

314,  316 

Hotday:  350,351,352 
Hudson  river,  270,  324 
Hudson  liver  sloop,  153 
Hudson  river  rail  road,  359 
Hudson,  henry,  sailed  from 
amsterdam,  I 
"    in  N.Y.  harbor,  9 
Hughes,  351 
Humphrey,  F.  347,  343 
Hungarian  emigrants,  365 
Hun,  thos.  163,  169 
Husthouse,  H.  350 
Hydrant  company,  40 
Hydrant  company  dissolved. 

350 

Ice,  168,341,345,363 
Ice  left,  168 
Ice  dealers,  219 
Images,  226 

Imprisonment  for  debt,  323 
Income,  city,  49.  172 
Incorporated    companies, 

taxes  on,  342 
Indian  baptisms,  96 
Indian  treaty,  first,  186 
Indians  cheated,  264,  271 
Indian  conferences,  274 
India  rubber  goods   226 
Inhabitants,  266,  271,  314 
Ink,  319 

Insects  in  water,  268 
Installation,  174,  182 
Insurance  companies,  34 
Intelligence  offices  ,219 
I.  O.  O.  F.  45 
lolas,  fireman,  killed,  347 
Ireland,  348 

Ireland  meeting,  171, 173,17' 
Iron  fence  builders,  219 
Iron  found  ery,  226 
Island.  267,  312 
Jacobsen,  rulger,  19 
Jail,  309,  346 
Jansen,  michel,  18 
January  thaw,  342 
Jenkins,  L.  356 
Jersey  blue  propeller,  357 
Jewish  synagogues,  134 
Jewelry.  219 
Jewett,  N.  A.  351 
Johnson,  capl.  261 
Joselyn,  C.  361 
Journal,  albany  evening,  16' 
Junk  shops.  219 
Jury,  grand,  352 
Justices,  219 
Justices'  court.  168 
Kalm,  peter,  262 
Kane,  wm  344 
Katskill,  196,  202 


Keeler,  C.  343 

Keeler,  S.  361 

Kennedy,  dr.  353 

Kidney,  John, 346 

Know) tun,  J.  \V.  349 

Cnox  incorporated,  145 

{oeymans,parent  pieterse,17 

ioorn,  nichoiaus,  22 
see  coorn 

Labbadie,  jan,  16 

Lace  goods,  219 

Lafayette,  335 

Laferty,  D.  350 

Lamps,  48,  366 

Lancaster  school,   74,  309, 
312 

Lansing,  C.  D.  R.  337 

Last  day,  162 

Law  booksellers,  219 

Leather  dealers,  2 19 

Lee,  thos.  167 

Legal  restrictions,  189 

Legislature,  dinner  to,  347 

Legislature,  165 

"          adjourned,  169 

Levings,  N.  342 

Lewis's  tavern,  285 

Lewis,  B.  341 

Liberty  meeting,  170 

Lightning,  355 

Lights  aid  shadows  of  tra- 
veling, 153 

Linn,  dr.  90 

Linseed  oil,  226 

Liquors,  wines,  &c  219 

Lithographer,  226 

Little  basin,  alarm  bell,  346 

Livery  stables.  219 

Living,  273,  315 

Livingston,  Crawford,  162 

Livingston,  J.  H.  86,  88,  89 

Lock-smiths,  220 

Looking-glass  manf.  220 

Low,  warren  347 

Ludlow,  rev  John,  81 

Lumber,  220 

Lumber  inspector,  226 

Lutheran  church,  122 

Lutherans  persecuted,  122 
tolerated,  123 
first  minister.  123 
first    church    in 

albany,  123 
cost  of church,  125 
poor  chest  stolen,  127 

Lyceum,  nat.  history,  312 

Lydius  street.  363 

Lytlius,  B  2SS 

Lydius  house,  288 

Lydius,  J.  88 

"      john  henry,  113 

Lyman,  B.  354 

Lynch,  C.  343 

Machinists,  220 

Mackintosh,  john,  349 


Mahogany,  220 
Mails  iu  olden  times,  56 
Mail  delayed,  360 
Maize,  266 
Malloy,  R.  357 
Malsters,  220 
Manufacturers,  359 
Vlanufacturing  law,  160 
Manners,  314 
Vlarble  manufactures,  220 
Market,  cattle,  309 
Market,  178 
Market  lot,  309 
Marriages,  295 
Martin,  J.348 
Mai  tin,  john,  362 
Martin,  rev.  B  ,  installed,  164 
Martin  gerritsen's  island,139 
Marvin,  wm.  349 
Marvin,  henry,  352 
Mason,  L.  B.  135 
Masons,  220 
Masonic,  45 
Mass,  high,  345 
Matson,  J  350 
Mayors  of  albany,  25 
Mayer,  F.  G  122,  125 
M'auley,  M,  357 
M'caler,  356 
M'clellan,  R.  322 
M'closky,  J  ,  installed,  159 
M' cotter.  N.  357 
M'culloch,  james,  343 
M'd  >nald,  John,  130,  337 
M'grath,  james,  jr.  312 
M'guire,  thomas,  365 
M'kenna,  peter,  345 
M'kenzie,  george,  343 
M'kown.  michael,  341 
M'laughlin,  wm.  357 
M'namara.  365 
M'naugh ton.  james,  365 
M'pherson, lachlan,  died,163 
Meals,  273 
Mechanics'  benefit  soc.  42, 

320 
Mech.  and  farmers'  bank,  32, 

317,  348 

Mechanics'  school,  74 
Mechanics,  premiums,  364 
Medical  society,  state,  165, 

343 

Med.  society,  albany  co.  365 
Medical  college,  342,  360 
•  edicines,  220 
Megapolensis,  J.  21,  S6,  192 

call  of,  92 
"         agreement  with 

patroon,  93 
Menagerie,  172 
Merchants,  271 
Merchants'  stock,  1790,  322 
Merchant,  george.  278 
Message,  165,  341 
Messenger,  albany,  349 


374 


Index. 


Meteor,  167 

Military,  44 

Military  visit,  173 

Military  encampment,  360 

Military  goods,  220 

Militia  officers,  1790.  302 

Mills'  island,  267,  312 

Miller,  henry,  353 

Miles,  John,  133,  346 

Mills,  201 

Milliners,  220 

Ministers  dutch  church,  91 

Ministers  pre*b.  church,  130 

Ministers  declined,  274 

Minutes  of  consistory,  91 

Minerals,  146 

Miss,  sabbath  school,  342 

JVFochrie,  michael,  342 

Mohawk  ice,  345 

Mohawk  and   hudson  rail- 
road, 40,  46,  141,  178,  321 

Monkland,  thomas,  353 

Moore,  John,  355 

Morey,  John  D.  353 

Morgan,  thomas  I.  361 

Morgan,  tobias,  353 

Morocco,  220 

Morris,  L.  N.  181 

Morton,  J.  365 

Mosher,  G.  M.  354 

Mossop,  G.  360 

Moss,  thoroas,  353 

Murphy,  P  350 

Murtough,  T.  349 

Music  teachers,  220 

Musquitoes,  157 

Mutual  ins.  company.  34,  321 

Myndert,  harman,  23 

Nailor,  226 

Nails,  manufacture  of,  330 

Nail  works  burnt,  360 

Navigation,  improved,  46 

Navigation  closed,  164 

Neill,  win.  131 

Neptune  engine  company,  40 

New  york  state  bank,  32 

New  Scotland,  145 

New  netherland,  first  "So  call- 
ed, 183 

New  world,  350,  355 

New  world,  speed  of,  353 

Newton,  isaac,  steam  boat, 
346,  348,  360 

Newton's  cor's  omnibus,  161 

Newman,  H.  A.  360 

Newspaper  depots,  221 
Newspaper  offices,  71,  221, 

310 

Niewenhuysen,  87 
Night  scavenger,  226 
Noorman,  albert  andriessen 

de,  15,  139 
Normal  school,  84.  159,  169. 

178,297,354,359,360 
Northern  winter,  328 


Nott,  eliphalet,  130 

Notaries,  221 

Nucella,  88 

Nurses,  25,  2-21 

O'brien,  P.  366 

O'conner,  365 

Oculist,  226 

Odd  fellows'  hall,  ISO 

Officers,  302 

Officers  of  the  city,  33 

Offices,  &c.  73 

Ogden,  D.  B.  353 

Oil-cloth  factories,  221 

Oil,  2-26 

Olive  branch,  258 

O!d  hunkers,  159,  178 

Omnibus,  newton's  corners, 

161 

Opening  of  canals,  329 
Opt  cal  instruments,  226 
O'reilly,  359,  360 
Oregon,  345,  348 
Organ,  first  in  albaiiy,  129 
Orphan  fair,  342 
Orphan  asylum,  167 
Osborne  arrested,  343,  350 
Osborn,  John,  349 
Ostrander,  J.  C.  343 
Overslaugh,  3(  4,  312 
Oxen,  large,  344 
Oysters,  221 
Pacey,  edward,  355 
Packard,  iV.  R   342 
Page,  D.  P.  164 
Page,  david  L.  85 
Painters,  221 
Paints,  oils  and  glass,  221 
Palisades,  137 
Pangburns,  349 
Paper  hangings,  221 
Paper  waiehouse,  221 
Parks,  309 

Parsimony,  duich,  307 
Parsons,  L.  sprague,  82 
Passage  agents,  221 
Pasture  ot  d  utch  church,  101, 

121 

Pastor,  petition  for,  104 
Patent  of  dutch  church,  115 
Patent  of  ch'h  pasture,  101 
Patern-makers,  221 
Patent  agency.  226 
"alterson,  G.  W.,  inaug.  341 
Patterson.  John,  341 
Paving  streets,  316 
Peas,  266 

'eelen,  brand  t,  15 
Pelican,  275 

•enitentiary,  149,  162,  167, 
341,  342,  353 
'ension  agent,  226 
'eriodicals,  37 
'ersonal  estate,  342 
Physicians.  37.  221 
o- fortes,  222 


Pier  question,  359 
Pierce,  dr.  344 
Pilsbury,  amos,  342 
Plan  of  albany,  136 
Plane-makers,  222 
Plank  road,  167,356,  360,  361 
Planck,  sheriff,  192 
Plan  of  albany,  306 
Plan  of  slate  street,  284 
Platt,  lydia,  died,  159 
Plait,  ananias,  56 
Plumbers,  226 
Plumb  level,  226 
Pohlman,  H.N.I 25 
Police,  night.  48,  266 
Pontifical  high  mass,  174 
Poor,  48.  315,  342,  347,  355, 

366 
Poor,  medical  attendance, , 

165 

Population,  312,  314 
Po  pesses,  207 
Portrait  painters,  222 
Portuguese  exiles,  347,  361 
Porter-houses,  222 
Post  offices,  list  of,  50 
Post  routes,  1848,  57 
Post  roads,  1797,  58 
Postage,  cheap  system,  303 
Post-office,  335 
Post,  victor,  353 
Potatoes,  266 
Potters'  ware,  222 
Powder  house,  309 
Powers,  John,  350        » 
Preaching  in  english,   121, 

125,  129 

Presbyterian  ch.,  first,  293 
Presbyterian  church,  WO 
united.  132 
new,  161 
"  corner  stone. 

163 

Premium  article?,  359 
Prentice,  sartelle,  362 
Pretty,  sheriff,  265 
Printers,  222 
Printers  on  copper,  222 
Printing  establishments,  310 
Printing  office,  southwick's, 

285 

Piint.  office,  hosf  >rd's,  286 
Print,  office.  Webster's,  287 
Prisoners,  348,  350 
Produce,  222 

Produce,  large  arrival,  163 
Property  depreciated,  307 
Provision  dealers.  223 
Pruyn, R.  H.  303 
Pruyn,  samuel.  342,  348 
Public  buildings,  71 ,  315,  316 
Public   places,   offices,   &c. 

226 

Public  square.  309 
Publications,  71 


Index. 


375 


Pulpit,  ancient,  91,  193 

Punishments,  189 

Quarantine,  257 

Querk,  M.  363 

Quick  trip  of  a  sloop,  345 

Quhman,  gen.  165 

Rail  road  to  new  york,  166 

"       albany  and  echoes 
168,  171 

"       depot,  174 

speed, 178, 179 

"        mohawk  and  hud. 
son,  46 

"       speed,      do.  47 

"       boston,  341 

"       housatonic,  343 

"       car,  novel,  348 
Rain,    355,   356,  359,  360, 

361,  362,  365 
Rain  s'orm,  174 
Randall,  S.  S.  347 
Rare  bird,  275 
Real  and  personal  est.  367 
Real  estate  ;igents,  223 
Real  estate,  341 
Rerruits  for  raexico,  174 
Redman,  philo.  365 
Refectories,  223 
Ref.  prot.  dutch  church,  86 
Relief  of  fire  sufferers,  177 
Rensselaers-stein,  198-9 
Rensselaerville,  145 
Rensselaerswyck,  settlers,  15 
"  colony  of,  183 

"  purchased,  187 

codirectors,  206 
"          vested    in   van 
rensselaer  family,  206 
Rensselaerville  pk.  road,  360 
Rennie,  \vm.  343 
Reporter,  226 
Revplutionary  scene,  289 
Revolutionary  soldier?,  121 
Reynold?,  propeller,  349 
Riot,  170,  352 
Rivers,  146 
River  opened,  168 
River  closed,  165 
River,  hurlson,  324 
River  low,  352 
River,  clos.  and  opening,  326 
Robbery,  160,  161,  162,  163, 
J64,    165,    167,    168,   169, 
170,   171,    172,   173.   175, 
178,  179, 181 
Roberts,  eapt.  B.  S.  168 
Robinson,  james,  359 
Roe,  J.  R.  351 
Romeyn,  J.  B  131 
Routes  of  travel  from  al- 
bany, 59 

Rudes,  jason,  343 
Rum  shops  presented,  167 
Russell,  C.  353 
Russell,  R.  C.  362 


Rutgerson,  ryckert,  19 
Rutten  kill,  146,  158 
Ryan,  John,  351 
Rye,  266 

Sabbath  evening  school,  79 

Sabbath  violations,  103 

Sabbath  in  schenefitady,  104 

Sabbath  school,  mission,  342 

Saddles,  trunks  and  harness 
52,  223 

Sail  boat  capsized,  350 

Sail  makers,  223 

Salaries  of  officers,  190 

Salmon,  355 

Salt  kettle,  large,  358 

Salutations,  270 

Sandlake  plank  read,  320 

Sanders,  john,  284,  368 

Sanford,  wm.  358 

Sargent,  parker,  352 

Sash  makers,  223 

Savings  bank.  345 

Saw  filers,  223 

Sax-honi  performance,  352 

Schaats,  G.  87,  103 

"       agreement  to  preach. 

84 

children,  95 
"       anneke,  164 

Schenectady  rail  road,  321. 
362 

Schenectady  turnpike  com- 
pany, 321 

Schenectady  aldermen,  321. 
368 

Schenectady  children,  free- 
dura  of,  368 

Schermei  horn,  Jacob  jansen, 
22 

Schermerhorn,  J.  L.  351 

Schmidt,  F.  W.  129,  169 

Schoharie  plank  road,  346. 
356,  360 

Schools,  74 

School  of  1785,  79 

School  appropriation,  79, 169 

Schools,  common,  48 

School  buildings,  48 

School,  union,  80 

Schooner  sunk,  352 

Schoonmaker,  John  350 

Schuyler,  peter,  mayor,  25, 
37 

Schuyler,  philip,  250,  282 

Schuylers,  influence  of,  140 

Scoresby,  163 

Scraffonl,  G.  H.  345 

Screw  dock,  226 

Seceders,  128 

Seed  stores,  223 

Segers,  Cornelius,  22 

Sentences,  336,  337 

Servants,  191,  273 

Settlers  arrived,  189 

Settlement,  first,  312 


Settlers,  first,  315,  15 
Seward  nominated,  343 
Sewer,  hamilton  street,  349 
Sewing  machine,  346 
Sextons,  223,  355 
Seymour,  wm.  46 
Seymour,  R.  350 
Shade  manufacturer,  226 
Snarls,  John,  eulogy,  173 
Shaker  donation,  181 
Sheriff  insulted,  166 
Sheridan,  D.  362 
Shingles,  266 
Ship  stores.  226 
Shippine,  311 
Shipboy,  thos.  286 
Ship  fever,  161 
Ship  chandler,  226 
Shrove  tuesday,  103 
Sickles,  james,  353 
Signs,  complaint,  350 
Silk  and  worsted  trimming, 

226 

Silver  plater,  226 
Silver  smiih,  226 
Silver  ware  manufacture,226 
Simonds,  C.  W.  365 
Simons,  John,  359 
Sisters  of  charity,  342 
Skippers.  223 
Slack,  358 
Slater,  226 
Slander  case,  103 
Sieighins:,  164 
Sloop  of  1796,  153 
Sloops,  north  river,  153,310 
Sloop,  speed.  260,  345 
Sloop  sunk,  355 
Sloop  voyages  260,  261 
Smith.  S.  R.  135 
Smith,  G.  351 
Smith,  J.  B.  354 
Smith,  Jacob,  365 
Smith,  M.  J.,  attacked,  167 
Smith,  Caroline,  171 
Snow,  1G5,  178;  181,  344 
Snow,  first,  362 
Soap  and  candles,  223 
Societies,  42 
Soda  manufacturers,  224 
Soil,  315 

Sons  of  temperance,  45 
South  america,  steam  boat, 

355 

South  baptist  church,  347 
Southwick's  printing  office, 

285 

South  wick,  solomon,  276 
Special  sessions,  347 
Speedy  voyages,  260,  345 
Spencer,  ambrose,  342,  349 
Spencer,  ambrose,  died,  167 
prrtsmans  club  formed,  172 
Sprague,  T.  D.  360 
Squire,  S.  353 


376 


Index. 


Staats,  B.  P.  363 
Staas,  abraham,  21,  123 
St.  andrew's  society,  42 
Statistics  of  county,  147 
Stages  in  olden  time,  56 
State  buildings,  71 
Slate  medical  society,  165 
State  hall,  369 
State  hall  fence,  361 
State  library  donation,  343 
State  normal  school,  297 

do.    origin,  298 
State  street,  270 
State  street,  plan  of,  234 
State  prisoners,  166 
Stationer,  226 
Stafford,  A.  G.  352 
Stansbury,  A.  J.  131 
Stanton,  G.  W.  347 
Standing  committee*,  39 
Staves  and  lumber,  226 
Steamboat,  first  up,  345 
Steamboat  landings,  177,341 
Steamboat  passengers,  348 
do        delayed,  360,  362. 

363 
Steamboat  speed,  170,  171, 

353 
Steam  boat,  159 

"         competition,  162 
Steam  propeller,  357 
Steam  propeller  albany,  171 
Steam  propel,  mohawk,  173 
Steam  propeller  liarttord,  179 
Steam  tug  baltic,  169 
Steam  packets,.  40 
Steam  feed  mil'l,  226 
Steam  sawing  and  planing, 

Steam  boiler  explosion,  176 

Stevenson  house,  283 

Stewart,  J   G.  357 

St.  John,  M.  347 

St.  John's  church,  358 

Stone  cu:ters,  224 

Storm  of  wind,  346 

Storm,  350 

Stores,  number  of,  330 

Stove  dealers.  224 

Stove  works,  224 

St.  peter's  church,  265 

St.  patrick,  345 

St.  Patrick's,  169 

Strakosch,  350 

Streets,  improvement  of,  48 

Streets,  lanes  and  alleys,  26 

Streams,  146 

St.  vincent,  festival,  174 

Suckers,  361 

Sunday  dutchman,  351 

Sunday  school,  79,  163, 165 

Sunday  trains,  164 

Sunday  trade  prohibited,  103 

Supervisors,  board  of,  322 

Supervisors,  legislators,  352 


Surgical  instruments,  226 
Surveyor.*,  226 
Sweep,  226 
Swiss  emigrants,  171 
Synagogues,  134,  163,  170 
Synagogue,  347 
Synod  of  albany,  360 
Taggart,  rev.  mr.  354 
Tailors  and  drapers,  224 
Tailors'  prices,  36 
Tailoresses,  224 
Tallow  chandlers,  226 
Talcott,  D.  VV.  351 
Tarbell,  N.  344 
Tarolinta,  342 
Taxes,  341,  342,  362,  366, 

365,  367 

Taylor,  John,  169 
Taylor,  zach.,  in  albany,  35e- 
Taylor,  gen.  Z.,  elected,  180 
Teachers,  224 
Teachers  of  dancing.  224 
Teachers,  scarcity,  330 
Teacher  of  french,  226 
Tea  dealers,  226 
Teal!,  E   M.347 
Telegraph,  164, 16o,  180, 341. 

345,  350.  359,  360 
Temple,  c<>'.,  returned,  176 
Ten  broeck  mansion,  173 
Ten  eyck,  C.  A.  350 
Terlmsb,  360 

Theatre,  performances,  337 
Thermometer,  328,  341,  314. 

350,  351,  352,  354 
Thomas,  E.359 
Thompson,  richard,  169 
Tide,  268,  310 
Tierney,  O.  356 
Tin,    plate,  and   sheet-iron 

workers,  224 
Tobacco,  snuff  and  cigars, 

225 

Tobacco  establishment,  239 
Tolls,  163 

Tolls,  canal,  reduced,  346 
Topp.  John,  344 
Tory  execution  place,  290 
Tow,  large,  366 
Town  hall,  2G9 
Towns,  list  of,  50 

"        incorporated,  145 
"        population  1790,  142 
Townsend,  mrs.  John,  356 
Townsend's  furnace.  358 
Townsend,  dr.  C.  D.,  died, 

164 
Tow  boat  haul,   162,   168, 

174,  179,  181 
Tract  society,  43 
Trade    and     commerce    of 

canals,  9 

Travelling  routes,  61 
Treaty,  norman's  kill,  186 
Trsadwell,  C.  352 


Trinity  church,  -142,  347,  365 
Trip  to  new  york,  1797,  70 
Trotting  match,  179, 180 
Trotter,  mrs.  353 
Troy  road  travel,  360 
Truesdell,  martin,  354 
Tryon,  gov.,  in  albany,  290 
Tubbs,  erectus,  349 
Turner,  226 

Turnpike  companies,  41 
Type  and  stereotype  found. 

ers,  225 
Umbrellas,  225 
Undertakers,  226 
Universalist  church,  138 
Unitarian  soo.  34],  349,  354 
United  states  creditors,  283 
Upholsterers,  2-J5 
Utica  and  schenectady  R.  R. 

321 

Valentines,  156 
Van  alstyne,  M.  346 
Van  benthuysen,  O.  R.  356 
Van  brunt,  R.,  installed,  162 
Van  curler.  195,  205 
Vander  donck,  21,  192, 195 
Van  driessen.  89 
Vanderlip,  elia?,  died,  176 
Vanderheyden  palace,  278 
Van  deusen,  L.  366 
Van  es.  C.  H.  21 
Vanheusen,  J.  B.  357 
Van  loon,  Charles,  died,  162 
Van  ness,  John,  346 
Van  olinda,  capt.,  killed,  159, 

173 
Van  rensselaer  medal,  76 

(:      manor  purchase,  139 

"     N.  87.  103 

"      nichoias,  168,  204 

"      anna,  203 

"     jeremias,  204 

"     kiliaen,  203 

"      S.  76 

"      philip  S.  287 
.       "     kilian,  139 

"     K.  K.  286 
Van  schaick,  goosen,  gerrit- 

sen, 19 

Van  schee,  C.  88 
Van  schelluyne,  R.  347 

Mrs.  R.  D.  347 

Van  wagoner,  350 

Variety  store?,  225 

Vas,  petrus,  88 

Vessels  in  port,  159,  162 

Vessels,  numb,  in  port,  260 

Victuallers,  225 

Vincent,  St.,  festival  of,  174 

Vines,  267 

Volunteers    returned    from 

mexico,  174 
Voorzingers,  121 
Vote,  county,  364 
Voyages,  speedy,  260 


Index. 


377 


Wager,  C  J.  352 
Wagoner,  W.  H.  135,  182 
Waiuwright,  D.  C.  355 
Walker,  willard,  died,  165 
Walter,  C.  360 
Wallace,  T.  357 
Wallace,  M.  360 
Wall,  P.  361 
Wampum,  271 
Ward  assessors  abol.  346 
Ward,  isaac,  343 
Ward  boundaries,  29 
Ware,  curtis,  345 
Washington  monument,  160 

birthday,  166 
Wasson,  349 
Watch,  43 
Watches,  jewelry  and  plate, 

225      \ 

Water  question,  362,  365 
Water  works  com.  40,  365 
Water  vote,  180 
Watervliet  incorporated,  145 
Weather  fine,  162 
Weather,  342,  343,  345,  359 
Webster  corner.  287 
Webb,  J.  H.,  died,  159 
Weed,  H.  R.  131 
Weigher  and  measurers,  226 
Well  water,  268,  315,  316 
Welch,  B.  349 
Welch,  351 
Welch,  B.  T.  180 
Weld's  travels,  153 


Wemp,  jan  barentsen,  22 
Wendell  house,  280 
Wendell,  peter,  362 
Wesepe,  gysbert  cornelissen. 

23 

Westerlo  incorporated,  145 
Westerlo,  E.  88,  118 
West  India  ventures,  260 
Western  plank  road,  349 
Whales,  200 

Whelpley,  H.  J.,  died,  164 
Wheat,  357 
Wheel- wrights,  225 
Wheeler,  luther,  348 
Whig  convention,  159,  178 
Whig  majority,  169 
Whig  meeting-,  162, 173, 176, 

Whig  torchlight  procession, 

180 

Whig  ticket  elected,  363 
Whipple,  wm.  348 
White-smith,  226 
White,  nathaniel,  356 
White. washer,  226 
Whitney,  isaac,  356 
Widower  tax,  161 
Wilmot  proviso,  160 
Wilson,  B.  357 
Wilson,  roswell,  354 
Williams,  henry,  346 
Williams,  A.  357 
Williamson,  J.  D.  135 
Williamstadt,  140 


Willemsen,  banished,  204 
Wilier,  Charles  H  348 
Wine,  cider  and  vinegar,  225 
Wines,  teas,  &c.  225 
Wines,  347 
Winter,  northern,  328 
Winter,  remarkable,  148 
Winter,  severe,  200 
Winters,  A.  J.  345 
Winne,  george,  351 
Winne,  jellis,  jr.  344,  353 
Winne,  wm.  B..  died,  165 
Wiswal,  thomas,  351 
Witt,  J.  C.  352 
Wooden-ware,  &c.  225 
Wood  measurer,  226 
Wood  buildings  prohibited, 

176 

Wool,  gen.  182 
Worth,  general,  177, 348, 365 
Wool,  225 

Worcester,  G.  W.  360 
Worden,  alexander,  352 
Working  men's  conv.  360 
Worsted  store,  226 
W.  stockbridge  R.  R.  321 
Wyckoff,  jane  K.,  died,  165 
Wyncoop,  pieter,  196-8 
Yachts,  albany,  264 
Yankee  notions,  226 
Yates,  John  van  ness,  286, 
York,  J.  360 
Young   men's    association, 

161,  318,  343 


KET 


F 

129 

A357M8 
1850 
V.I 
:  c.l 
ROBA